Main Session on Sustainability & Environment | IGF 2023

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Dulce Soares, Civil Engineer, Water Sector Leader, Similie Tech Company, Timor-Leste

The analysis of the given statements highlights several key points and perspectives on various topics. Firstly, it is revealed that Timor-Leste faces limitations in its internet infrastructure and usage. The average download speed is low, ranging from 4 to 4.5 MB per second, and access to high-speed internet is limited in rural areas. Furthermore, only 49.6% of the population uses the internet, primarily for work and social media purposes. This situation indicates a significant gap in internet accessibility and connectivity in the country.

Climate change is identified as a pressing challenge for Timor-Leste. The country has been affected by global climate events such as the El Niño crisis in 2015 and the occurrence of the La Niña event in 2020. These events demonstrate the vulnerability of Timor-Leste to the impact of climate change and the need for effective strategies and actions to mitigate its effects.

In terms of investments in technology for climate change adaptation and resilience, it is observed that these projects tend to be expensive and highly technical, often requiring fly-in-fly-out technicians. Unfortunately, these investments do not always drive growth or long-term development. This finding suggests that there may be a lack of consideration for sustainable and inclusive approaches in climate change adaptation initiatives in Timor-Leste.

On a positive note, the private sector is highlighted as having the potential to contribute to climate change mitigation. By collaborating with grassroots organizations and implementing sustainable technology solutions, the private sector can play an effective role in addressing climate change challenges. For instance, Similie, a company mentioned in one statement, is involved in initiatives such as creating alert systems for local communities to manage water resources and practice better environmental practices. This example exemplifies how collaboration and the implementation of sustainable technology solutions can yield positive outcomes in addressing climate change.

The importance of collaboration and inclusion of diverse voices in internet governance and the sustainable digital society is emphasized. Dulce Soares, who has been working on the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) for over a decade, advocates for integrating more voices from different sectors. This approach encourages a broader and more inclusive perspective in decision-making processes related to internet governance and sustainability.

The structuralist business model in our digital society is criticized for its negative environmental impact. Without substantial changes to this model, it will be difficult to balance the beneficial use of digital technology with its environmental consequences. This observation highlights the need for a more sustainable and responsible approach to digitalization and technological advancement.

From a developing country perspective, there is a focus on learning from best practices in digitalization. By integrating technology with existing best practices, it becomes possible to harness the benefits of digitalization and drive positive change, particularly in areas such as education and capacity building. Additionally, it is argued that promoting user understanding of technology before its deployment is crucial. This approach ensures that individuals can fully comprehend and effectively utilize technological solutions.

Finally, the importance of creating a more inclusive environment among sustainability actors is recognized. Encouraging collaborations between businesses, private sectors, government, and international agencies can foster more effective and holistic approaches to sustainable development. Such collaborations can leverage the strengths and resources of different sectors to address sustainability challenges more comprehensively.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the limitations in internet infrastructure and usage in Timor-Leste, as well as the significant challenges posed by climate change. It underscores the need for investment in sustainable and inclusive technology solutions, collaboration among different sectors, and the promotion of user understanding. These findings provide valuable insights into various aspects of internet governance, environmental sustainability, and technological advancement, and underscore the importance of addressing these issues collectively to foster a more inclusive and sustainable society.

Audience

The analysis consists of multiple arguments and stances presented by different speakers, all discussing topics related to sustainable digitisation and environmental protection. One recurring theme throughout the analysis is the importance of international cooperation for sustainable digitisation. Hanna Bause, representing the Dutch Initiative for Sustainable Digitisation, emphasises the need for global cooperation in this regard. The argument made here is that without international collaboration, achieving sustainable digitisation becomes more challenging.

Another significant point raised in the analysis is the lack of developing standards for sustainability in the global digital system. One speaker questions the present status of these standards and argues that there should be more focus on developing them. The supporting facts for this argument are not explicitly mentioned, but the speaker’s stance suggests that there is a gap in the development of sustainability standards in the digital system.

Standards, however, are not entirely overlooked. Another argument presented is that standards for sustainable infrastructure and the integration of microgrids into larger grids are being developed. These standards aim to create more sustainable infrastructure overall. The argument made here is that standards, when developed for global use, can lead to regulation.

The importance of adopting sustainable standards for accelerating the transition towards sustainable digitisation is another key point in the analysis. The argument presented is that by embracing sustainable standards, the shift towards sustainable digitisation can be expedited. However, no supporting facts are provided for this particular argument.

The need for a standard to measure the carbon footprint of small organisations is also highlighted. The analysis points out that while over 90% of enterprises globally are small or medium-sized, contributing more than 50% of global GDP, there are currently no frameworks for these organisations to participate in the carbon economy. The argument made is that a standard to measure their carbon footprint is necessary.

In addition to the above, the analysis touches on the potential collaboration between organisations working on AI and environmental protection. One speaker expresses an interest in seeing cooperation between Axel’s organisation, which utilises AI for environmental protection, and the AI research centre in Congo, Brazzaville, which aims to mitigate the effects of climate change. The argument suggested is that collaboration between these entities can lead to the effective implementation of AI and emerging technologies to address climate change.

The connection between internet governance and environmental policymaking is another topic of discussion. Chris, one of the speakers, suggests that the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) and other internet governance structures should connect more with environmental policymaking. The argument made is that a stronger connection between these domains can lead to better environmental policies for the digital sector.

Sustainable living and education on sustainability are also addressed in the analysis. Limited sustainable living options in cities are noted, suggesting the need for more sustainable alternatives in urban contexts. Additionally, the importance of education on sustainability is emphasised. One speaker highlights the United Nations Staff Systems College, where they attended training on the sustainability of lifestyles.

The conclusion drawn from the analysis is that international cooperation is vital for sustainable digitisation. Developing standards and regulations for sustainability in the global digital system is necessary, and the adoption of sustainable standards can accelerate the transition towards sustainable digitisation. The analysis also highlights the need for standards to measure the carbon footprint of small organisations and the potential for collaboration between AI organisations and research centres. Additionally, the connection between internet governance and environmental policymaking is emphasised, as well as the importance of sustainable technology and standardisation. The analysis concludes by suggesting the need for collective data collection and sharing, as well as the proposal for a platform for information sharing. Finally, the role of industry players in internet governance and the significance of guidelines for appropriate actions are highlighted, along with the necessity for more sustainable living options and education on sustainability.

Kemly Camacho, Founder and General Coordinator, Sula Batsu Cooperative

During the discussion, speakers addressed the intersection of digital technology, the environment, and society. They emphasised the importance of integrating respect for cosmovision into technology development. They mentioned that technology produced for or by white men, known as Okama Sway, should be approached with caution, while technology produced by the air, known as Kama Sway, should be considered. This perspective seeks to acknowledge and incorporate diverse cultural and environmental knowledge in the digital world.

The speakers also highlighted the feminist movement’s emphasis on care for people, collective wellbeing, and the planet when using technology. They argued that digital technology should not only benefit individuals but also contribute to the greater good of society. The social solidarity economic movement stressed responsible consumption and balance in technology usage, advocating for a more sustainable and equitable approach.

Regarding the relationship between digital technology and the environment, the speakers asserted that harm to the environment should be minimized. They emphasized the need for responsible consumption and production in digital technologies to align with the goal of sustainable development. They also called for digital technologies to support community organization and citizen participation, encouraging technology to be a tool for collective action and social progress.

The speakers further emphasized the importance of connecting with other social movements, particularly environmental movements. They argued that collaboration and joint proposals are crucial to addressing the complex challenges our world faces. They highlighted the potential for digital technology to support and strengthen environmental movements, underscoring the need for interaction between digital rights movements and environmental movements.

The speakers also emphasized the need for increased integration, understanding, and dissemination of information about the impact of the digital society on the environment. They stressed that all relevant stakeholders, including different generations and movements, should be included in these discussions to ensure a holistic approach to addressing the challenges. The speakers also suggested establishing a common platform to enhance understanding and raise awareness about the issues at hand.

Finally, speakers advocated for a shift in practices within the digital society to achieve a balance between utility and destruction. They argued for less connectivity for those who are already well-connected and more connectivity for those who are not connected, thereby reducing inequalities and promoting a fairer digital society.

In conclusion, the discussion highlighted the need for a sustainable approach to digital technology, one that integrates respect for various perspectives, prioritizes care for people and the planet, and promotes social solidarity. The integration of environmental and social movements, collaboration between stakeholders, and the dissemination of information were identified as key strategies for achieving these goals. Furthermore, a balanced approach to connectivity and responsible consumption and production in the digital space were proposed as crucial elements in creating a sustainable and equitable digital society.

Maike Luiken, Chair, IEEE Planet Positive 2030 Initiative

The analysis explores arguments and stances regarding the importance of standards and sustainability. One key argument states that standards developed for global use are not limited to any jurisdiction. This highlights the need for uniform international standards. Regarding sustainability, it is noted that many standards are created specifically to promote sustainable infrastructure, considering environmental and social responsibility.

Another argument emphasizes the need for adopting standards to measure the carbon footprint of small organizations. With over 90% of enterprises globally being small or medium-sized and contributing significantly to the global GDP, measuring and reducing their carbon footprint is crucial for sustainability.

The European product tagging initiative is highlighted as an important argument. This initiative will have a global impact and enable individuals and organizations to make informed choices by “voting with their wallets.” Implementing product tagging allows consumers to support sustainable practices and responsible consumption and production.

The analysis also underscores the importance of policymakers having up-to-date information for evidence-based decisions. Technological advancements and industry growth often outpace policy and regulation development. Policymakers need to stay informed to ensure relevant and effective policies.

Additionally, rapid technological development, especially in the nuclear industry, requires policymakers to reassess and update strategies. Small modular reactors hold potential for clean energy in remote communities, and regulations must keep up with these advancements.

Collaboration and cooperation across jurisdictions, sectors, and civil society are vital for achieving a sustainable biosphere. The analysis emphasizes the need for multidimensional collaboration, as discussed during a sustainability panel. Tackling complex issues requires partnerships and collective efforts.

Accountability frameworks are also highlighted as necessary. Certain large companies lack adequate accountability frameworks, suggesting the need for guidelines and mechanisms for responsible practices.

The analysis also stresses the importance of measuring impact, being accountable, and revising decisions. Ongoing evaluation and improvement are needed to achieve sustainability goals.

Addressing sustainability is a complex problem amid competing interests and urgent issues. Balancing economic, social, and environmental considerations and finding solutions pose challenges.

Lastly, inclusivity is emphasized in relation to sustainability. It is argued that sustainability should be integrated into every project, ensuring no individual or group is left behind.

In conclusion, the analysis presents various arguments and stances on the significance of standards and sustainability. It highlights the need for globally applicable standards, sustainable infrastructure, and measuring carbon footprint. It emphasizes the European product tagging initiative, up-to-date decision-making information, and adaptive policies. Collaboration, accountability, impact measurement, and inclusivity are crucial for achieving sustainability. The analysis recognizes the complexities involved and the importance of comprehensive and inclusive approaches to attain sustainability.

Axel Klahake, Director Economic and Social Development, Digitalisation, GIZ

The discussion raised important points surrounding the relationship between sustainability communities and digital communities. A key observation was the divide that exists between these two groups, with sustainability communities focusing on environmental issues and climate action, while digital communities prioritize technological advancements and digital systems. The discussion highlighted the need for increased collaboration and understanding between these communities to effectively address sustainability challenges. Cross-sector and cross-industry efforts were identified as crucial for shaping the digital sustainability agenda, with initiatives like the Coalition for Digital Environmental Sustainability (CODES) bringing together environmental agencies to discuss digital issues. Collaboration between organizations such as GIZ, the World Bank, and ITU in developing standards for green data centers demonstrated the importance of joint efforts in driving sustainable practices. The need for specific guidelines and binding regulations in the industry was emphasized, and the initiative on standards for green data centers, developed in partnership with the World Bank and ITU, was seen as a positive step forward. It was also highlighted that greening the digital industry should go beyond individual components to encompass the entire value chain, considering sustainability throughout the lifecycle of digital products and services. Leveraging digital technologies to support economic transformations towards a carbon-free economy was viewed as a positive development, with examples such as GIZ’s Fair Forward initiative promoting AI applications in climate change adaptation. The discussion underlined the importance of bringing communities closer together through forums and intensifying discussions to foster collaboration and mutual understanding. Defining standards, clarifying responsibilities, and monitoring the implementation of sustainable practices, with the involvement of various stakeholders, particularly consumers, were seen as essential. The urgency of taking action for climate protection was consistently emphasized, with a call for immediate action and the realization that climate protection should not be treated as a luxury. Collaboration and partnership were identified as crucial in advancing AI applications for climate change adaptation, with Axel Klahake expressing openness to collaboration and highlighting the potential for exchanging experiences and results in driving further initiatives. The discussion also stressed the need for simplified and clearer communication for decision-makers, as the complexity of sustainability and digital policy issues makes it difficult for them to make informed decisions. Recognizing major trends and their implications, such as changing data center locations and providing internet access to the global population, were highlighted as pivotal for advancing digital sustainability. In conclusion, the discussion highlighted the importance of collaboration, concrete standards and regulations, and greening the entire value chain in promoting digital sustainability. Leveraging digital technologies for a carbon-free economy, bringing communities closer together, and clearly defining responsibilities and standards were deemed crucial. Urgent action for climate protection, collaboration and partnership, simplified communication for decision-makers, and a focus on understanding major trends were seen as vital in advancing digital sustainability.

David Souter, International ICT and Development Expert

The analysis highlights the urgent need for stronger dialogue between experts in the digital and environmental fields in order to effectively address the complex impact of digitalisation on the environment. It emphasises that digital policies that are not environmentally sustainable will not be sustainable in any terms. It is crucial to maximise the contribution of digitalisation to mitigating environmental harm and reducing the environmental footprint of the digital sector.

One key aspect that is highlighted is the development of a circular digital economy. This approach would require fewer scarce resources, less energy consumption, and the extension of the life of digital devices, while also promoting recycling and reuse. All stakeholders, including governments, businesses, and citizens, have responsibilities in transitioning to a circular digital economy.

The analysis also stresses the importance of considering environmental factors in the development of standards and design. Standard-setting bodies and businesses should integrate these factors in order to reduce the use of energy and scarce resources. Additionally, there is a need for transparent and genuine reporting of businesses’ environmental impacts, with an emphasis on avoiding greenwashing and conducting independent evaluation and analysis.

Furthermore, consistent standards of measurement for the digital environmental interface are necessary to better understand the exact impact of technology on the environment. Inconsistent measurement standards limit the comprehension of environmental impacts from the digital society.

Policies in the digital sector and environmental context should not only consider ideal circumstances but also real circumstances, which are often far from ideal. Discourse and decision-making should take into account the challenges and constraints faced in practical situations, in order to develop effective and realistic policies.

Government structures of regulation and incentives for environmental responsibility are critical. It is vital for governments to establish strong regulatory frameworks and provide incentives to drive environmental responsibility. Similarly, businesses need to develop and promote environmentally friendly products and services, aligning with the principles of sustainability.

Citizens need access to information that enables them to make environmentally responsible choices. It is important for individuals to be aware of the environmental impact of their actions and consumption patterns. Environmental education and awareness are key to fostering behavioral change and promoting sustainable practices.

Notably, there is a need for an ethos of environmental responsibility across the digital sector. All actors and stakeholders in the digital industry should embrace sustainability as a core value and integrate it into their operations and decision-making processes.

In conclusion, the analysis underscores the critical importance of bridging the gap between the digital and environmental sectors. Collaboration, dialogue, and a holistic approach are necessary to effectively address the complex environmental challenges posed by digitalisation. Transitioning towards a circular digital economy, integrating environmental factors into standards and design, fostering transparency and accountability, advocating for strong regulatory frameworks and incentives, and promoting citizen awareness and education are essential for achieving a sustainable and environmentally responsible digital future.

Moderator

During the discussion, the speakers focused on the complex relationship between the digital society and the environment. One of the key points raised was the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was noted that due to lockdowns and economic shutdowns, there was a significant drop in CO2 emissions, which was seen as a positive outcome. However, there was also a surge in internet usage mainly driven by remote work, online shopping, and other digital activities. This raised concerns about the carbon emissions from increased internet usage.

Several speakers highlighted the potential of digital transformation and technology in addressing climate change. It was acknowledged that digital technologies have the potential to mitigate environmental damage by streamlining operations and improving efficiency. Furthermore, it was suggested that digital innovation and technology standards could play a crucial role in developing climate change solutions.

The importance of standards in the technical side was emphasised by one of the speakers. They highlighted the role of organisations such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) in setting technology standards and promoting ethical practices, particularly in relation to artificial intelligence (AI) and environmental impact. The need for achieving sustainability goals was also stressed, with speakers discussing the importance of addressing global warming, achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions, and adopting a circular economy approach.

The digital divide and limited internet access in certain regions, such as Timor-Leste, were identified as significant challenges. It was noted that in Timor-Leste, internet speeds were very low and broadband access in rural areas was limited. This highlighted the need for addressing the digital divide and improving internet infrastructure to ensure equitable access to digital technologies.

The role of the private sector in environmental sustainability was discussed, with examples given of collaborations between the private sector and grassroots organisations. These collaborations focused on validating environmental conservation efforts and developing systems to better manage resources and the environment. It was acknowledged that the private sector can play a crucial role in driving sustainable practices and supporting environmental initiatives.

The importance of knowledge sharing and collaboration among different sectors and movements was emphasised. Speakers highlighted the need for inclusive participation and the involvement of communities, particularly those affected by digital technologies and environmental issues. The importance of sharing successes, failures, and solutions for collective learning was emphasised.

The discussions also raised concerns about the negative impacts of digital technologies. It was noted that indigenous women expressed concerns about the waste produced by digital devices installed in their territories and the potential for surveillance and monitoring of their activities. The need to consider data ownership and the rights of indigenous communities was highlighted.

The discussions also touched on the need for accountability, regulations, and policies that consider the environmental impact of digital technologies. It was noted that current regulations and policies do not adequately address the relation between ICT services and the environment. The importance of information accessibility for policymakers was highlighted, as well as the need for communicating the latest information to policymakers to make informed decisions.

In conclusion, the speakers emphasised the need for a holistic approach to address the challenges posed by the digital society and the environment. This requires collaboration among different stakeholders, including governments, the private sector, grassroots organisations, and communities. The importance of setting standards, policy-making, knowledge sharing, and inclusivity were key themes throughout the discussions. It was acknowledged that while digital technologies have the potential to drive positive change, their environmental impact needs to be carefully managed to ensure a sustainable and equitable future.

Mactar Seck, Chief, Innovation and Technology, UN Economic Commission for Africa

The use of digital technology has both positive and negative impacts on the environment, making it essential to incorporate it into national digital policies. According to studies, digital technology contributes between 1 to 5 percent to greenhouse gas emissions and consumes 5 to 10 percent of energy. However, there is potential for digital technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2030.

Regulatory changes are necessary in the ICT sector to consider the environmental impact. This change would involve addressing the need for a unified approach that includes the impact on the environment. No specific supporting facts were provided in this regard.

The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) supports African countries in integrating climate change issues into their national digital policies. UNECA supports the development of climate information systems and early warning systems in several African countries. Additionally, UNECA organises annual hackathons for young innovators to develop innovations on climate change adaptation. The positive sentiment towards UNECA’s efforts indicates that these initiatives have been effective in encouraging African countries to incorporate climate change issues into their national digital policies.

Unfortunately, there is a misunderstanding among decision-makers regarding the connection between digital technology and its environmental impact. No specific supporting facts were provided to justify this argument, but it suggests a need for better education and awareness among decision-makers to bridge this gap in understanding.

To ensure the development of effective national digital strategies, it is crucial to involve all stakeholders from different sectors. This approach would ensure that the strategies are comprehensive and inclusive of diverse perspectives and expertise.

Digital technology has the potential to mitigate the impacts of climate change through the creation of effective early warning systems, climate information systems, and applications. Several African countries have already benefited from these systems and applications, demonstrating their effectiveness in addressing climate change challenges.

The need for standardized features in digital technology to mitigate the impact of climate change is emphasized. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is mentioned as a support mechanism for countries in developing their climate change policies. However, specific standards for digital technology are not provided.

International cooperation is essential in facilitating the development of standards for digital technology. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) provides a partnership for ICT to support this collaboration. Private sector involvement is also considered crucial in driving the development of these standards.

The Internet Governance Forum (IGF) is recognized as a suitable platform for discussions on standards for the integration of digital technology and climate change. The positive sentiment suggests that the IGF is gaining traction and credibility as a forum for these discussions.

In conclusion, despite the positive impact digital technology can have on mitigating climate change challenges, a comprehensive and inclusive approach is required to ensure that digital policies at the national level consider the environmental impact. This would entail regulatory changes, stakeholder engagement, and the integration of standardized features. The involvement of international cooperation, the private sector, and platforms like the IGF can further support the development of effective strategies.

Speakers