CSTD open consultation on WSIS+20

Arguments

The World Summit on Information Society (WSIS) vision is to establish a people-centered, inclusive and development-oriented information society.

Supporting facts:

• WSIS was conducted the first open consultation during the 18th Internet Governance Forum held in Kyoto, Japan in October.

• The second open consultation is underway with a focus on the WSIS implementation and its future.

Topics: WSIS, Information Society, Inclusion, Sustainable Development

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General Assembly Resolution A-70-125 was adopted for a high-level meeting to review the WSIS Plus 20 review in 2025.

Supporting facts:

• This review meeting is meant for reviewing the overall implementation of outcomes of the World Summit on Information Society.

• SESTD has been tasked to collect inputs from stakeholders and present a consolidated report to the EcoSOC and General Assembly in 2025.

Topics: WSIS, General Assembly, Resolution A-70-125

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Report

The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) is a global initiative with the vision of establishing an inclusive and development-oriented information society. The goal of WSIS is to prioritize people, ensuring equal access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) and their benefits.

To track progress and effectively implement this vision, regular introspection and reviews are crucial. Open consultations have been conducted during the Internet Governance Forum in Kyoto, Japan, inviting input from stakeholders. These consultations aim to gather insights on the implementation of WSIS and its future.

The first consultation took place in October, and the second is currently ongoing, focusing on the WSIS implementation and future prospects. One key aspect of review is the impact of emerging technologies, specifically artificial intelligence (AI), on human development and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

While emerging technologies have the potential to bring about positive changes, concerns have been raised about potential negative effects, such as exacerbating inequalities and threatening privacy and human rights. In addition to addressing these concerns, discussions on the implementation and evolution of WSIS also explore the challenges and measures required to advance international cooperation and governance in leveraging emerging technologies for sustainable development.

It is crucial to ensure that these technologies promote inclusivity, digital literacy, and equal access while mitigating risks and negative impacts. In view of these ongoing discussions, a high-level meeting is planned for 2025 to review the WSIS Plus 20 review. The meeting will assess the overall implementation of WSIS outcomes and gather insights and recommendations from stakeholders.

The Secretariat for the WSIS Technology and Sustainable Development Division (SESTD) has been assigned the responsibility of collecting inputs from stakeholders and presenting a consolidated report to the Economic and Social Council (EcoSOC) and General Assembly in 2025. In conclusion, WSIS is a significant global initiative focused on establishing an inclusive and development-oriented information society.

Regular reviews and discussions are necessary for effective implementation of the WSIS vision. The impact of emerging technologies, such as AI, on human development and SDGs is a pressing concern, along with the need for international cooperation and governance in leveraging these technologies for sustainable development.

The high-level meeting in 2025 will provide an opportunity to review WSIS outcomes and gather valuable insights for future action.

Arguments

In the run-up to the WSIS plus 20 review, it is imperative to address whether the principles espoused at the WSIS have been fulfilled

Supporting facts:

• The information society is in the hands of a few based primarily in the U.S. and China

• Online violence, poor labor policies, loss of privacy, and discrimination are prevalent

Topics: Digital rights, Social justice, Equity, Information society, Economic growth, Job creation

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Data governance must happen not just for privacy and data protection, but also for regulating and improving public welfare systems.

Supporting facts:

• The need for suitable amendments to IP law, competition law, labor law, trade taxation and investment regimes, and data governance.

• Public financing systems need to be at the center of these processes.

Topics: Data Governance, Privacy, Data Protection, Public Welfare Systems

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Harnessing the digital potential for wider public good, including in the South

Supporting facts:

• Global Digital Justice forum represents 15 international civil society organizations working towards this goal

• The goal is to prevent the digital potential going disproportionately to a small number of platform corporations

• The belief is that the WSIS-plus-20 has the potential to play a key role

Topics: Digital Technologies, South Perspective, Platform corporations

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Building towards a binding global governance framework in relation to digital human rights

Supporting facts:

• This includes prohibition of certain areas for data market forces in key areas of human rights

• The need to establish the right of freedom from commercial surveillance and personal profiling as part of the right to privacy

• Communities should have the right to steward their data resources as part of their economic, social, and cultural rights

Topics: Digital human rights, Commercial surveillance, Data market

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Digital development tax to develop a digital solidarity fund

Supporting facts:

• The UN Secretary General recommended the digital development tax

• The digital solidarity fund can help build public digital infrastructure in developing countries

• Low and middle-income countries can better control their data resources and digital destinities with the help of the fund

Topics: Digital Development Tax, Digital Solidarity Fund

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Compelling interoperability for digital platforms and plural digital media

Supporting facts:

• Interoperability can help ensure information integrity and plurarity in media

• Interoperability should be compelled based on common protocols, data structures, and AI

• The EU recognises the importance of this, among other regions

Topics: Digital Platforms, Interoperability, Media

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Promoting alternative platforms, data and AI models rooted in local accountability, women’s participation and ecological sustainability

Supporting facts:

• It’s important to invest publicly to promote these alternative models

• These models should be based on values such as local accountability, women’s participation and ecological sustainability

Topics: AI Models, Alternative platforms, Ecological Sustainability

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The digital transformation is important, diverse, but still relevant

Supporting facts:

• The developments in AI and other emerging technologies call for a proactive and anticipatory approach to digital and tech governments

Topics: digital transformation, public value, sustainable development

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Issues like education, e-health etc. are relevant and requisite for meeting gender equality

Topics: education, e-health, gender equality

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It’s crucial to not just focus on new tech topics and neglect the achievement of traditional goals

Topics: digital transformation, traditional goals

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The digital transformation should not be accountable and under threat

Topics: digital transformation, accountability

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Human-centric and human rights-based approach is essential in addressing the digital transformation

Supporting facts:

• We today have evidence about the risks of human rights, democracy, and the rule of law that come with the digital transformation that we did not have 20 years ago

Topics: digital transformation, human rights

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Despite the progress seen in Africa due to WSIS, challenges remain

Supporting facts:

• Internet access increased from 2.6% in 2005 to 37% in 2022

• Mobile penetration increased from 9.1% to 80% during the same period

• 63% of African population is offline

• 500 million people are without any legal form of identity

• Concerns related to cybersecurity account for 10% of Africa’s GDP

Topics: Internet Access, Mobile penetration, Cybersecurity

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WSIS+20 review should focus on integration with emerging technologies, improving implementation and aligning better with SDGs

Supporting facts:

• The review should assess the relevance of WSIS’s action lines to emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence and generative blockchain technology

• There is a need to improve WSIS process in implementing and measuring targets

• WSIS should be better aligned with the SDGs

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain Technology, SDGs

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The Bulgarian Foreign Minister reconfirmed the country’s support for the multi-stakeholder approach and the integrity of the Internet

Supporting facts:

• The Bulgarian Foreign Minister, Maria Gabriela addressed the high-level ministerial meeting at the United Nations in September

Topics: Multi-stakeholder approach, Internet Governance

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There has been sizable progress since 2003 in the field of Internet Governance

Supporting facts:

• The WSIS Plus 10 outcome document updated the Tunis agenda in a positive way

Topics: WSIS, Internet Governance

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Support for the extension of the IGF for another 10 years

Topics: IGF, Internet Governance

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The internet and digital technologies have transformed the way society works

Supporting facts:

• Over the last 20 years, internet and digital technologies have brought significant changes across regions, countries and sectors

Topics: Internet, Digital Technology

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WSIS outcomes review in 2025 is an opportunity to take stock of what has worked well and what hasn’t

Supporting facts:

• WSIS action lines have been effective tools to guide actions, ensuring internet is accessible for everyone

• This review will reflect the internet’s role in social and economic transformations

Topics: WSIS Review, Internet Governance

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Connectivity and infrastructure are crucial for reducing the digital divide and sustaining reliable internet access

Supporting facts:

• There is a need to reduce and remove the gap between those with and without affordable and reliable connectivity

• The reinforcement of infrastructure is needed to ensure internet reliability globally

Topics: Connectivity, Infrastructure, Digital Divide

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Inclusivity is important in the governance and development of the internet

Supporting facts:

• Everyone should be able to contribute in the governance and development of the internet

• The development of the internet should consider inclusivity, and discussions around universal acceptance and internationalized domain names are essential for this

Topics: Inclusivity, Digital Inclusion, Internet Governance

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Appreciation to WSIS secretariat for holding WSIS 20 consultation

Topics: WSIS 20 consultation

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Indonesia sees WSIS as a crucial catalyst in harnessing ICT for SDGs

Topics: WSIS, ICT, SDGs

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Annual WSIS prizes are integral for digital transformation in Indonesia

Topics: WSIS prizes, Digital Transformation

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Indonesia strongly supports the Tunis agenda and the Internet Governance Forum (IGF)

Topics: Tunis Agenda, Internet Governance Forum, Digital Governance

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Indonesia wishes to participate more in dynamic negotiations and make substantive contributions to the Global Digital Compact (GDC)

Topics: Global Digital Compact, Tunis agenda

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GDC should be inclusive, emphasizing the perspective and needs of the global south

Topics: Global Digital Compact, Inclusivity, Global South

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It is desirable to align the WSIS to SDGs

Supporting facts:

• There is common agreement on the importance of this alignment

• The connection between WSIS and SDGs could provide more rounded achievements

Topics: WSIS, SDGs

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Important to have indicators for connectivity, gender inequality

Topics: Connectivity, Gender Inequality

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The mandates of RGF and WSIS forums should be accepted

Topics: RGF, WSIS

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The mandate of the CSTD should be extended

Topics: CSTD

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Establish a link between forums and political forums in the UN

Supporting facts:

• There is a gap between these

Topics: UN, political forums

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Regularly review emerging issues and take input from regional RGFs

Supporting facts:

• This is already happening

Topics: RGF, regional forums

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Regularly update the business framework

Supporting facts:

• World Radio Communication Conference updates radio regulations regularly

Topics: business framework

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CSTD review and ECOSOC resolution should be more relevant

Topics: CSTD, ECOSOC

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Report

The WSIS Plus 20 review is approaching, and it is imperative to assess whether the principles of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) have been fulfilled. One important argument raised is the need to address the monopolization of the digital economy by a few companies.

Big tech corporations hold significant infrastructure capabilities, forcing smaller players to rely on them to participate in the digital economy. Furthermore, trade forums are being used to determine unrestricted data access, limit source code transparency, and restrict access to information.

Data governance is also a crucial topic that requires suitable amendments to intellectual property law, competition law, labor law, trade taxation and investment regimes, and data governance itself. It is argued that data governance should not only focus on privacy and data protection but also on regulating and improving public welfare systems.

The EU continues to support the multi-stakeholder Internet governance model and the principles of the Tunis agenda. The role of the WSIS and the Internet Governance Forum in the success of the internet was highlighted. The EU is committed to keeping human rights as the foundation of an open, free, and secure online space.

Additionally, the EU and its member states are working towards deploying digital networks and infrastructures worldwide through the Global Gateway S-TEAM Europe. Harnessing the digital potential for wider public good, particularly in the Global South, was underscored. The aim is to prevent the digital potential from being disproportionately concentrated in a small number of platform corporations.

Furthermore, it is postulated that the WSIS-plus-20 has the potential to play a key role in this regard. Building a binding global governance framework for digital human rights is another important argument put forward. This involves establishing the right to freedom from commercial surveillance and personal profiling as part of the right to privacy.

Additionally, communities should have the right to steward their data resources as part of their economic, social, and cultural rights. A digital development tax is recommended to create a digital solidarity fund that can help build public digital infrastructure in developing countries.

This will enable low and middle-income countries to have better control over their data resources and digital destinies. Compelling interoperability for digital platforms and plural digital media is advocated. Interoperability can help ensure information integrity and plurality in media. Common protocols, data structures, and AI are seen as important components of interoperability.

Promoting alternative platforms, data, and AI models rooted in local accountability, women’s participation, and ecological sustainability is highlighted. Public investment is deemed necessary to promote these alternative models based on values that align with local needs and ecological sustainability. The digital transformation is characterized as important, diverse, and still relevant.

The developments in AI and other emerging technologies call for a proactive and anticipatory approach to digital and tech governance. Education, e-health, and gender equality are considered relevant and requisite topics for meeting gender equality. However, it is emphasized that traditional goals should not be neglected in the pursuit of new tech topics.

Accountability and a human rights-based approach to the digital transformation are essential. Evidence has shown the risks to human rights, democracy, and the rule of law that come with the digital transformation. Therefore, it is argued that a human-centric approach is essential in addressing the digital transformation.

The environmental impact of the digital transformation should be part of a new agenda. This aligns with SDG 13: Climate Action and calls for considering the environmental consequences of digital technologies. Internet access, mobile penetration, and cybersecurity were mentioned in relation to Africa.

While there have been significant improvements in internet access and mobile penetration, challenges still remain. For example, 63% of the African population is offline, and concerns related to cybersecurity account for 10% of Africa’s GDP. The importance of integrating emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence and generative blockchain technology into the WSIS process was stressed.

It is crucial to improve the implementation and measurement of targets and align the WSIS with the SDGs. The impact of the WSIS was seen as positive in bridging the digital divide. Internet access and mobile penetration have significantly increased, and countries like Kenya have shown progress in the development of startups.

However, the need to reduce the gap between those with and without affordable connectivity and reinforce global infrastructure was highlighted. Inclusivity in the governance and development of the internet was considered crucial. Discussions around universal acceptance and internationalized domain names were seen as essential for achieving inclusivity.

The multi-stakeholder process and UN agencies were recognized as vital parts of the WSIS review. Engaging with these mechanisms, such as the UN high-level track at the WSIS forum in 2024, was seen as crucial for positive engagement. The WSIS Plus 20 consultation was acknowledged and appreciated for its role in the review process.

Indonesia sees the WSIS as a crucial catalyst in harnessing ICT for the SDGs and highlights the importance of the annual WSIS prizes for digital transformation in the country. It is desirable to align the WSIS with the SDGs, as many agree on the importance of this alignment.

This could lead to more well-rounded achievements. Indicators for connectivity and gender inequality were deemed important and should be considered in the review process. The mandates of the RGF, WSIS forums, and CSTD were also discussed, with calls to accept and extend their roles.

Establishing a link between internet forums and political forums in the UN was suggested to strengthen the connection between these two spheres. The importance of regularly reviewing emerging issues, taking input from regional RGFs, and updating the business framework was highlighted.

It was noted that the World Radiocommunication Conference already updates radio regulations regularly. The CSTD review and ECOSOC resolution were considered important and should be more relevant to the current context. In conclusion, the WSIS Plus 20 review provides an opportunity to assess and improve on the achievements of the past 20 years.

It is crucial to address the issues of the monopolization of the digital economy, data governance, and inclusivity in the governance and development of the internet. The review should also focus on building a global governance framework for digital human rights, implementing a digital development tax, and promoting alternative platforms rooted in accountability and sustainability.

Connectivity, the environmental impact of the digital transformation, and the alignment of the WSIS with the SDGs were also emphasized. The review process should involve various stakeholders, including the multi-stakeholder process and UN agencies, to ensure a comprehensive and effective evaluation of the WSIS.

Arguments

Importance of ICT infrastructure for sustainable development especially in rural Africa

Supporting facts:

• Needs stable internet connectivity

• Secure access to electricity

• Affordable communications devices

Topics: ICT infrastructure, Rural Africa, Sustainable development

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Necessity of education and training programs

Supporting facts:

• People develop necessary skills to benefit from technology

• Promotion of digital culture

• Vocational training in areas linked to ICTs

Topics: Education, Training, ICT skills

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Promoting innovation and entrepreneurship

Supporting facts:

• Supporting startups through incubators, accelerators, and funding

• Creating a conducive environment for innovation

Topics: Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Startups

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Enhancing digitization of public services

Supporting facts:

• Involves making digital platforms accessible and user-friendly

• Includes online tax systems

• Digital identification systems

Topics: Digital platforms, E-governance systems, Digital identification systems

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Usage of ICTs in health and agriculture

Supporting facts:

• Telemedicine for long-distance patient appointments

• Access to markets for farmers through technology

Topics: Telemedicine, Agricultural information systems, Technology in farming

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Importance of promoting public-private partnerships

Supporting facts:

• Cooperation among governments, private sector bodies, NGOs, and international organizations

Topics: Public-private partnerships, Cooperation, Technology in development

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Adoption of digital financial services

Supporting facts:

• Mobile banking, mobile payment services can foster financial inclusion and economic growth

Topics: Mobile banking, Financial technology, Financial inclusion, Economic growth

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Need for robust cybersecurity measures

Supporting facts:

• Need to protect against cybercrime and to ensure data confidentiality

Topics: Cybersecurity, Cybercrime, Data confidentiality

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Report

The extended summary delves deeper into the key points, arguments, evidence, and conclusion of the discussion on the importance of ICT infrastructure for sustainable development, particularly in rural Africa. It is emphasised that stable internet connectivity, secure access to electricity, and affordable communications devices are crucial for the development and growth of ICT infrastructure in rural areas.

These factors are seen as essential for promoting economic and social progress in these regions. The necessity of education and training programmes is highlighted as a means to ensure that people are equipped with the necessary skills to benefit from technology.

This includes the promotion of digital culture and the provision of vocational training in areas linked to ICTs. By developing the skills and knowledge required to effectively use and leverage technology, individuals can take advantage of the opportunities presented by ICT infrastructure.

The discussion also underscores the importance of promoting innovation and entrepreneurship. Supporting startups through incubators, accelerators, and funding is seen as essential for fostering a conducive environment for innovation. This, in turn, can contribute to economic growth and the creation of decent work opportunities.

Enhancing the digitisation of public services is considered a crucial aspect of sustainable development. This involves making digital platforms accessible and user-friendly, as well as implementing online tax systems and digital identification systems. By digitising public services, governments can improve efficiency and accessibility, while contributing to the development of sustainable cities and communities.

The usage of ICTs in health and agriculture was also emphasised. Telemedicine was highlighted as a way to provide long-distance patient appointments, ensuring that individuals in remote areas have access to healthcare services. Additionally, technology can facilitate access to markets for farmers, enabling them to sell their produce and improve their livelihoods.

The importance of public-private partnerships was emphasised as a means to promote collaboration among governments, private sector bodies, NGOs, and international organisations. By working together, these stakeholders can leverage their resources and expertise to drive sustainable development and achieve the SDGs.

The adoption of digital financial services, such as mobile banking and payment services, was discussed as a means to foster financial inclusion and economic growth. These services can provide individuals with access to formal financial systems, empowering them economically and reducing inequalities.

Lastly, the need for robust cybersecurity measures was highlighted. As ICT infrastructure continues to expand, protecting against cybercrime and ensuring data confidentiality becomes increasingly important. By implementing strong cybersecurity measures, individuals and organisations can mitigate risks and safeguard the integrity of their digital systems.

In conclusion, the extended summary highlights the diverse range of opportunities presented by ICT infrastructure for sustainable development. It underscores the need for stable internet connectivity, education and training programmes, innovation and entrepreneurship support, digitisation of public services, usage of ICTs in health and agriculture, public-private partnerships, adoption of digital financial services, and robust cybersecurity measures.

By prioritising these aspects, policymakers can work towards bridging the digital divide and promoting inclusive and sustainable development.

Arguments

The rapid worldwide digital transformation is reshaping the way we live and work, making digitalization a main factor in economic development

Supporting facts:

• Currently more than five billion individuals worldwide are using Internet

• Digitalization increases labor productivity, creates new demand for goods and services, and improves the quality of the overall economy.

Topics: Digital transformation, ICT Infrastructure, Economic development

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Indonesia is committed to accelerating inclusive and sustainable digital transformation.

Supporting facts:

• Indonesia’s digital economy grew from US$41 billion in 2019 to US$77 billion in 2022.

• Indonesia is investing in the development of ICT, such as digital infrastructure, cloud computing etc.

Topics: Digital Transformation, ICT Infrastructure, Inclusivity

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) can greatly improve decision-making and service delivery, but also present challenges like misinformation and data breach.

Supporting facts:

• AI simplifies and expedites decision-making processes and service delivery.

• Malicious outputs and scams threaten business conduct and reduce business confidence.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Regulation, Misinformation

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Report

The rapid worldwide digital transformation is reshaping the way we live and work, making digitalisation a main factor in economic development. Currently, more than five billion individuals worldwide are using the internet. Digitalisation increases labour productivity, creates new demand for goods and services, and improves the quality of the overall economy.

Indonesia is committed to accelerating inclusive and sustainable digital transformation. The country has seen significant growth in its digital economy, which grew from US$41 billion in 2019 to US$77 billion in 2022. Indonesia is investing in the development of ICT infrastructure, such as digital infrastructure and cloud computing, to support this growth.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can greatly improve decision-making and service delivery. However, it also presents challenges such as misinformation and data breaches, which can threaten business conduct and reduce business confidence. Implementing regulations and ethical practices is crucial to address these challenges.

Inclusivity in the digital space is a top priority for Indonesia. The country is focusing on helping people with disabilities by providing digital literacy programs and specific activities like podcast classes. This ensures that digital advancements benefit all members of society.

In conclusion, the worldwide digital transformation has significant impacts on economic development. Indonesia’s commitment to inclusive and sustainable digital transformation is demonstrated through its investments in ICT infrastructure and efforts to assist people with disabilities. It is essential to address challenges such as misinformation and data breaches in the use of AI.

Inclusivity in the digital space is crucial to ensure that digital advancements benefit everyone.

Arguments

Inclusion and empowerment are key for a digital society

Supporting facts:

• Vision of people-centered, inclusive, and development-oriented information society from WSIS 2003

• As digital becomes integral, lack of inclusion can lead to societal divides

• Need for addressing digital divides for the development of all

Topics: Digital Inclusion, Digital divide, WSIS Vision

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Importance of aligning WSIS with UN SDGs

Supporting facts:

• Digital technologies can help address major issues identified by the SDGs

• Need for accessibility to all as society becomes increasingly digital

Topics: Sustainable development, Digital Solutions

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AI and related technologies carry risks that need to be mitigated

Supporting facts:

• AI has potential to disrupt due to biased programming, job market effects, and opaque decision mechanisms

• Speed of rule-making doesn’t match speed of technology

Topics: AI, Emerging technologies

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WSIS architecture should be updated to address emerging tech

Supporting facts:

• WSIS plus 20 review presents an opportunity to make WSIS architecture more current

• Secretary-General’s road map for digital cooperation endorsed this path

Topics: WSIS review, Digital cooperation

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Report

The analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the main points discussed in the given texts. Firstly, the importance of inclusion and empowerment in a digital society is emphasized. The speakers highlight that as digital technologies become integral to our lives, the lack of inclusion can lead to societal divides.

They argue that addressing digital divides is crucial for the development and progress of all individuals. This argument is supported by the vision of a people-centred, inclusive, and development-oriented information society from WSIS 2003. The speakers advocate for creating an inclusive digital society that ensures equal opportunities for everyone.

Secondly, the need to align the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is highlighted. It is acknowledged that digital technologies have the potential to address major issues identified by the SDGs.

The speakers argue that as society becomes increasingly digital, it is essential to ensure accessibility to these technologies for all individuals. This alignment with the SDGs will help in achieving sustainable development and reducing inequalities. The analysis also touches upon the potential risks associated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and emerging technologies.

It is acknowledged that AI has the potential to disrupt various aspects of society, including biased programming, effects on the job market, and the opacity of decision-making mechanisms. The speakers stress the need to mitigate these risks through effective regulation.

They argue that regulations should focus on addressing the potential negative effects rather than restricting the technology itself. The importance of striking a balance between the benefits and risks of AI is emphasized. Furthermore, the speakers argue for the regulation of AI to be in line with international law and human rights.

They advocate for AI technologies to abide by established international legal frameworks and respect human rights. Initiatives such as the Council of Europe working on a convention on AI are supported as they seek to ensure responsible and ethical use of AI.

Additionally, the analysis highlights the need to update the WSIS architecture to address emerging technologies. It is argued that the ongoing WSIS plus 20 review provides an opportunity to make the architecture more current and relevant. The Secretary-General’s roadmap for digital cooperation, which endorses updating the WSIS architecture, is seen as a positive step towards addressing the challenges posed by emerging technologies.

Lastly, the importance of international cooperation is emphasized in managing emerging technologies. The analysis suggests that UN departments, agencies, and forums can serve as valuable platforms for collaboration and cooperation. The speakers support the Secretary-General’s roadmap for digital cooperation and the WSIS-Plus-20 review, which both advocate for increased international cooperation in navigating the complexities of emerging technologies.

Overall, the speakers highlight the importance of inclusion, alignment with the SDGs, regulation of AI, updating of WSIS architecture, and international cooperation in navigating the challenges and opportunities of a digital society. The analysis provides valuable insights into the key points raised in the texts, offering a nuanced understanding of the complexities surrounding digital inclusion, AI governance, and the role of international cooperation in shaping the future of our increasingly digital world.

The analysis emphasises the significance of inclusion, empowerment, alignment with SDGs, regulation of AI, and international cooperation within a digital society. The importance of addressing digital divides, ensuring accessibility to technologies, and mitigating the risks associated with AI and emerging technologies are stressed.

The need to update the WSIS architecture and collaborate internationally in navigating the challenges of the digital era is also highlighted. The analysis offers key insights into the complex issues of digital inclusion, AI governance, and the role of international cooperation in shaping a sustainable and inclusive digital future.

Arguments

Digital developments have a positive impact on SMEs and entrepreneurship in Africa

Supporting facts:

• Digital services are being provided by entrepreneurs.

• SMEs are providing online work and selling through social media and other online channels.

• Businesses have been able to transform to e-commerce platforms.

Topics: Digital developments, SMEs, E-commerce, Entrepreneurship

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There is an increase in digital payments from Africa which is mainly due to technological development and innovation

Supporting facts:

• People are adopting mobile payments.

• Startups are developing payment solutions through wallets.

Topics: Digital payments, Technology, Mobile money

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Despite digital advancements, Africa faces significant challenges in creating a sustainable digital economy

Supporting facts:

• The infrastructure to support e-commerce is not there.

• Expensive shipping costs hinder e-commerce.

• People have trust issues with online transactions.

• The government does not provide sufficient support to startups and businesses.

Topics: Digital economy, Infrastructure, Trust issues, Government support

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Low internet penetration and high internet costs are hindering the growth of the digital economy

Supporting facts:

• Internet penetration is still low in many African countries.

• Where the internet is available, it is expensive.

Topics: Internet Penetration, Internet Costs, Digital economy

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Government support and understanding are necessary for startups to grow within the digital economy

Supporting facts:

• Government regulations should favour startups.

• Startups need intellectual property protection, which is expensive in the early stages.

Topics: Government Support, Startups, Digital economy

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Report

Digital developments have had a positive impact on SMEs and entrepreneurship in Africa. Entrepreneurs are capitalising on digital services which are being provided in response to growing demand. SMEs are also embracing e-commerce platforms, expanding their market presence and reaching a wider customer base.

The digital payments sector in Africa is experiencing growth due to technological development and innovation. Mobile payments are increasingly popular, driven by their convenience and accessibility. Startups are actively developing payment solutions through digital wallets, further facilitating the adoption of digital payments.

However, Africa still faces significant challenges in establishing a sustainable digital economy. The lack of infrastructure, such as reliable and affordable internet connectivity, hampers the adoption of digital technologies and restricts online business growth. Expensive shipping costs present additional barriers for e-commerce expansion.

Trust issues around online transactions contribute to the slower growth of the digital economy in Africa. Concerns over security and reliability deter widespread adoption of digital services. Building consumer trust and ensuring the safety of online transactions are essential for continued growth.

Insufficient government support is another hindrance to the development of the digital economy. Startups and digital businesses require supportive policies and regulations to foster growth, including access to affordable intellectual property protection. Moreover, low internet penetration and high internet costs impede the expansion of the digital economy in Africa.

Limited internet access in many countries combined with expensive usage costs restrict digital growth. Initiatives promoting affordable internet access and improved infrastructure are necessary to address these challenges. In conclusion, digital developments have brought about positive changes for SMEs and entrepreneurship in Africa.

However, barriers such as infrastructure limitations, high shipping costs, trust issues, insufficient government support, low internet penetration, and high internet costs continue to impede the creation of a sustainable digital economy. Collaborative efforts are needed to overcome these challenges and create an environment that fosters digital growth and economic development in Africa.

Arguments

There is still a significant portion of the global population not connected to the internet

Supporting facts:

• One-third of people in the world are not yet connected to the internet

• In least developed countries, only 36% of their people are connected.

Topics: WSIS Plus 20 Review, Digital Connectivity

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There is widespread interest to continue the WSIS process beyond 2025

Supporting facts:

• The first CSTD consultation at Kyoto was successful

• Participants represented a diverse range of sectors and expressed unanimous interest in continuing the WSIS process beyond 2025

Topics: WSIS Plus 20 Review, Digitalisation, International Cooperation

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A review of WSIS should be a collaborative one-UN effort

Supporting facts:

• CSTD is proud of the partnership established with key WSIS players – ITU, UNESCO, and UNDP

Topics: WSIS Plus 20 Review, International Cooperation

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Report

According to the information provided, a significant portion of the global population, estimated to be around one-third, still lacks access to the internet. This issue is particularly prevalent in least developed countries, where only 36% of the population is connected. The lack of internet connectivity in these regions highlights the pressing need for global efforts to ensure universal access to the internet, as it plays a crucial role in fostering socioeconomic development and bridging the digital divide.

The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) is an important platform dedicated to addressing these issues. There is a strong interest among stakeholders to continue the WSIS process beyond 2025, as evidenced by the successful first CSTD consultation held in Kyoto.

Participants from diverse sectors expressed unanimous support for the ongoing WSIS process. This widespread interest reflects the recognition of the importance of sustained efforts to promote digitalization and international cooperation in achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals.

The multi-stakeholder approach employed in the WSIS process is considered a valuable practice for the Global Digital Cooperation (GDC) and future summits. This approach involves involving and engaging various stakeholders, including governments, civil society, the private sector, and international organizations, in shaping and enhancing the WSIS process.

The positive sentiment towards this approach suggests that it fosters collaboration, inclusivity, and effective decision-making. Furthermore, collaboration and partnership between key WSIS players such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) are crucial for a successful review of the WSIS.

The establishment of partnerships and the joint efforts of these organizations is considered a commendable achievement by the United Nations Committee on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD). In conclusion, it is clear that there is still a significant portion of the global population that lacks internet connectivity, highlighting the urgent need for global action.

The WSIS process has garnered widespread interest and support for its continuation beyond 2025, and the multi-stakeholder approach used in this process is considered an effective practice. Collaboration and partnership with key WSIS players are crucial for conducting a successful review of WSIS, ensuring inclusivity and collective action in addressing the challenges of digital connectivity.

Arguments

Reflecting on the 20 years in the WSIS and the subsequent decades since its first review

Supporting facts:

• The advancement in information technology has significantly shaped the landscape of the digital economy.

Topics: Digital Economy, Information Technology

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SDGs. ICT and data keep playing a crucial role in advancing SDGs

Supporting facts:

• Integration of ICT and data into education, healthcare and economic development has been key in moving forward.

Topics: ICT, Data, Education, Healthcare, Economic Development

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Responsible AI

Supporting facts:

• Ensuring AI systems that are transparent, equitable, and free of biases is key.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, Transparency

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Data production processes

Supporting facts:

• Ensuring the participation of developing countries in data production process is crucial.

Topics: Data Governance, Multi-stakeholder Involvement

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Open data

Supporting facts:

• Ensuring the protection of personal data while promoting open data initiatives is key.

Topics: Open Data, Privacy, Security

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Data protection and privacy

Supporting facts:

• Robust data protection frameworks are essential, especially in light of frequent data breaches and privacy concerns.

Topics: Data Privacy, Security

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Digital divide

Supporting facts:

• Ensuring inclusivity in ICT access, particularly in marginalized and undeserved communities, is essential for equitable development.

Topics: Digital Divide, Marginalized Communities, ICT Access

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Ethical and inclusive practices

Supporting facts:

• A commitment to ethical and inclusive practices in data use and AI is vital to foster a socially responsible digital marketplace.

Topics: Ethics, Inclusivity, Data Use, AI

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Report

The detailed analysis highlights several important points regarding the digital economy and the role of information technology (IT) in shaping it. One key finding is the significant impact of IT advancements on the landscape of the digital economy. Over the past 20 years since the inception of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), continuous progress in IT has greatly influenced the development of the digital economy.

Integration of IT and data into various sectors, such as education, healthcare, and economic development, has played a crucial role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The analysis emphasizes the positive impact of ICT and data in moving forward towards achieving SDGs 3, 4, and 8, which relate to good health and well-being, quality education, and decent work and economic growth, respectively.

By leveraging IT tools and harnessing the power of data, advancements in these sectors have become more attainable, contributing to overall progress in sustainable development. The analysis also highlights the importance of responsible AI systems. To ensure socially responsible digital practices, AI systems must be transparent, equitable, and free from biases.

This emphasis on responsible AI reflects the need for ethical considerations in the development and implementation of AI technologies. By integrating ethical principles and promoting transparency in AI systems, trust and confidence can be fostered in the digital marketplace. Additionally, the analysis underscores the significance of data production processes and the involvement of developing countries in these processes.

It argues that the participation of developing countries in data production is crucial to ensure inclusive and comprehensive data representation. By actively involving developing countries, a more accurate and representative understanding of global challenges and realities can be achieved. The protection of personal data is another crucial aspect highlighted in the analysis.

It stresses the need to balance the promotion of open data initiatives with ensuring the privacy and security of personal data. The increasing concerns related to data breaches and privacy necessitate the establishment of robust data protection frameworks. Such frameworks are vital for maintaining trust and confidence in the digital sphere.

The analysis also recognizes the digital divide and the importance of bridging it. Inclusivity in ICT access, particularly for marginalized and underserved communities, is essential for achieving equitable development. By addressing the digital divide and ensuring equal access to essential digital resources, efforts can be made to reduce inequalities and foster development opportunities for all.

In conclusion, the analysis emphasizes the transformative role of IT and data in the digital economy. It highlights the integration of IT in various sectors as a crucial factor in advancing the SDGs. Responsible AI, transparent data governance, data protection and privacy, bridging the digital divide, and promoting inclusivity in ICT access for marginalized communities are key areas of focus for ensuring equitable and sustainable development in the digital age.

Overall, these insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, stakeholders, and organizations working towards leveraging technology for positive societal impact.

Arguments

Much progress has been made in ICTs since WSIS’s inception 20 years ago

Supporting facts:

• Internet users grew from 12.4% of the global population in 2003 to 67% in 2023

Topics: ICTs, WSIS

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WSIS serves as a robust framework for digital progress that is still relevant today

Supporting facts:

• WSIS has grown into a multi-stakeholder, global community

Topics: WSIS, Digital Progress

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There is an urgent need to connect the 2.6 billion people who remain offline

Supporting facts:

• 2.6 billion people remain offline today

Topics: Connectivity, Digital Divide

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Report

The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) has made significant advancements in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) since its establishment 20 years ago. One of the notable achievements is the exponential growth of internet users, which has increased from 12.4% of the global population in 2003 to a staggering 67% in 2023.

This remarkable progress highlights the increasing global connectivity and access to digital technologies. WSIS serves as a shining example of global digital cooperation and has evolved into a multi-stakeholder, global community over the years. It has provided a robust framework for promoting digital progress and remains relevant in addressing the challenges and opportunities arising from the rapid advancements in technology.

With the continuous evolution of ICTs, it is crucial to acknowledge the importance of addressing risks and challenges associated with technological progress. There is a shared responsibility to ensure the responsible and ethical use of technology, as well as addressing potential harms and risks.

Affordability remains a significant obstacle to achieving universal connectivity. In low-income economies, the cost of entry-level mobile broadband subscriptions amounts to an alarming 8.6% of the average income. This disparity in affordability hinders equal access to digital technologies and exacerbates the digital divide between different socioeconomic groups and regions.

Bridging this gap and making digital technologies more accessible to all remains a pressing challenge. Despite the progress made, there are still approximately 2.6 billion people who do not have internet access. This digital divide represents an urgent need to connect those who remain offline.

The inclusion of these individuals into the digital world holds immense potential for social and economic development on a global scale. Efforts should be focused on providing affordable and accessible internet connectivity to underserved areas and populations. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) plays a crucial role in fostering an inclusive digital future for all.

As a testament to this commitment, the ITU will co-host the WSIS Plus 20 Forum high-level event scheduled for May 27 to 31, 2024. This forum presents an opportunity to harness the momentum gained from the WSIS Plus 20 review and further advance the goals of digital inclusion and reduced inequality.

It serves as a platform for discussing innovative strategies, sharing best practices, and forging partnerships to overcome the challenges and ensure an equitable digital future. In conclusion, the World Summit on the Information Society has witnessed significant progress in the field of ICTs over the past two decades.

The growth of internet users worldwide, the global digital cooperation facilitated by WSIS, and its robust framework for advancing digital progress are notable achievements. However, challenges such as affordability and the digital divide persist, highlighting the importance of continued efforts to bridge the gaps in access and ensure an inclusive digital future for all.

The ITU’s commitment to this cause and the upcoming WSIS Plus 20 Forum further demonstrate the determination to overcome these challenges and create a more equitable digital society.