Opening of the session

Arguments

Belarus is disappointed due to the fact that delegations didn’t take advantage of the opportunity to look at the ICT convention as a comprehensive one.

Supporting facts:

• Delegations didn’t seize opportunity to view convention comprehensively

Topics: ICT Convention, Delegation Cooperation

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Belarus supports change in Article 5

Topics: Article 5, ICT Convention

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Report

Belarus has expressed significant dissatisfaction with how the ICT Convention has been approached, particularly due to delegations’ failure to fully realise its potential. This negative perspective underscores Belarus’s disappointment, emphasising the importance of a comprehensive understanding of international technology agreements to enhance effectiveness and innovation.

Additionally, Belarus has criticised the inadequate focus on crime prevention within the ICT sector, expressing concern over the risks of technological progression without sufficient safeguards. This viewpoint underlines the necessity of implementing robust security measures to prevent ICT-related crimes, aligning with Belarus’s prioritisation of stringent safety precautions.

On a neutral note, Belarus has shown support for revisions to Article 5 of the ICT Convention, reflecting a readiness to engage in discussions aimed at refining the legislative framework that governs ICTs. Belarus has also displayed a positive stance towards legal adherence, advocating for member states to act in line with their commitments under international conventions, as opposed to general international rights.

This view, echoing similar positions taken by Pakistan and Cuba, reveals Belarus’s support for a structured approach to international obligations. These positions closely align with the aims of SDG 9, which promotes resilient infrastructure, sustainable industrialisation, and innovation, as well as SDG 16, which seeks the establishment of peaceful, inclusive societies for sustainable development.

Belarus’s advocacy for a comprehensive approach to the ICT Convention and an emphasis on crime prevention within ICTs indicates a commitment to integrating these goals into ICT policy and legislation. In summarising, Belarus’s stance reveals a strong desire for thoroughness, security, and adherence to international legal frameworks in the ICT domain.

This narrative suggests Belarus’s proactive and security-conscious participation in international ICT discussions, striving towards the broader objectives of the SDGs. This approach reaffirms Belarus’s commitment to fostering a secure and innovative environment that aligns with sustainable development and the maintenance of strong, transparent institutions.

Arguments

Brazil supports Article 5 in its current form

Supporting facts:

• It’s an overarching human rights article

• Reminder of the obligation of all countries regarding human rights

Topics: Human Rights, Convention

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Believes that the Convention should also create a basis for safeguards in applying those powers

Supporting facts:

• The Convention creates a basis for cooperation, for criminalization

Topics: Convention, Criminalization

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Proposes a small amendment to Article 24, part of 1

Supporting facts:

• Article 24, part of 1 incorporates the principle of proportionality

• suggest adding a legality to the principle of proportionality

Topics: Article 24, Proportionality

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Brazil is committed to negotiating a convention that may become universal

Supporting facts:

• Respects the difficulties member states may have with inclusion/exclusion of provisions

• Need to find common ground and work towards compromise

Topics: Convention, Universality, Negotiations

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Report

Brazil’s stance on a series of matters pertaining to human rights and the advancement of an international convention is markedly positive and aimed at fostering collaboration. The country firmly stands by Article 5, recognising it as an essential element of the human rights infrastructure that underpins global cooperation.

Brazil’s endorsement signifies a keen awareness of the responsibilities all nations share regarding human rights, suggesting a strong commitment to the upkeep and advocacy of such norms on the international stage. In relation to the proposed Convention, Brazil’s viewpoint extends beyond simply advocating for cooperation and criminalisation.

It emphasises the necessity of implementing suitable safeguards, ensuring that the processes for criminalisation are not only effective but also fair and just. This perspective highlights Brazil’s dedication to striking a balance between law enforcement and the preservation of fundamental rights, thus contributing to the reduction of inequalities and bolstering institutions dedicated to peace and justice.

On a technical note, Brazil shows engagement with the nuanced language of Article 24, part 1. Adopting a neutral tone towards this article, it nonetheless suggests a minor yet vital amendment to embed the principle of legality along with proportionality. The specificity of this proposal indicates Brazil’s in-depth understanding of legal principles and its intent to enhance the legal architecture of the Convention with transparent, guiding tenets that promote clarity and fairness.

Brazil’s commitment to creating a universally accepted Convention is evident in their approach to the negotiation process. Acknowledging the challenges that member states face with the inclusion or exclusion of certain provisions, Brazil demonstrates a willingness to engage in dialogue and reach compromises.

This signifies Brazil’s high regard for a process rooted in achieving consensus, aiming to shape a Convention capable of widespread endorsement and enactment. Lastly, Brazil’s backing for the revised draft text as the basis for achieving compromise further solidifies its role as a collaborative participant in the negotiations.

By encouraging member states to adhere to the draft as closely as possible, Brazil advocates for a practical and strategic route that reduces discord and fosters a shared understanding. In summary, Brazil’s participation in this dialogue showcases a nation that is proactive and supportive of international cooperation on human rights and justice.

It displays a strategic equilibrium between championing its principles and pursuing collective progress towards an inclusive, applicable, and effective Convention. Brazil’s inclusivity and meticulous attention to the language of the Convention reflect its resolve to reach authentic and equitable results in international law and governance.

UK spelling and grammar have been employed throughout the text, in accordance with the requirements.

Arguments

Article 36 enjoys the support of the majority of delegations but needs more specific rules for exchange of personal information

Supporting facts:

• number of delegations wish to see more specific rules for the exchange of personal information

• this would further facilitate cooperation between the parties for the future Convention

Topics: exchange of personal information, future cooperation, convention

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EU has identified textual amendments to turn the support into consensus

Supporting facts:

• the EU continued to work with the delegations during the intersessional period and identified a few textual amendments

Topics: textual amendments, consensus, convention

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Implementation of ad hoc committee’s mandate in accordance with UNGA Resolutions 74-247 and 75-282

Supporting facts:

• The statement is made on behalf of multiple UN Member States including Belarus, Burundi, Burkina Faso, China, Cuba, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Mali, Iran, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Syria, Venezuela, and Nicaragua

• It calls for UN General Assembly consideration of the draft convention during its 78th session

• The future international treaty should cover a wide range of criminal acts, ensure state sovereignty, and provide for effective procedural measures.

• The convention should prevent and counter the use of both current and future technologies for criminal purposes

• States consider mutual assistance, capacity building, and technology transfer in countering information crime as integral parts of the convention.

Topics: International Treaty, Criminal Acts, State Sovereignty

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Iran expresses gratitude for the Chair’s leadership and efforts to progress the work of the Ad Hoc Committee

Topics: Ad Hoc Committee, Leadership, Committee Progress

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Iran asserts that the main goal of the committee can only be achieved through a constructive atmosphere and professional dialogue based on common interests

Topics: Committee Goals, Professional Dialogue, Common Interests

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Iran believes that the revised draft text of the convention needs more review to ensure it is agreeable for all parties

Topics: Draft Review, Consensus

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The delegation reiterates the meeting’s main focus should be on countering the use of ICTs for criminal purposes

Topics: Countering ICTs for Criminal Purposes, Meeting Focus

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CARICOM supports the inclusion of Article 5 as currently worded and asks for its retention

Supporting facts:

• CARICOM believes that the provision is well placed in the chapter on general provisions

• All obligations, procedures, powers contained within the entire text must be read and applied consistently with each state’s obligations in international human rights law

Topics: CARICOM, Article 5, Human rights

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Cuba continues to be concerned with the excessive language on issues related to human rights in the text.

Supporting facts:

• Cuba believes there is too much emphasis on human rights when the focus should be on criminalization.

• They suggest that not all countries have the same obligations under international human rights law.

Topics: Human rights, Information and communication technology, Criminalization

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Cuba suggests including ‘respective obligations under international human rights law’ to clarify the obligations of each state party.

Supporting facts:

• They point out an omission considering that not all countries have the same obligations under international human rights law.

• Adding ‘respective obligations’ would clarify how states’ parties of this future instrument will have to ensure that the implementation of their obligations are in line with the obligations they have undertaken under other instruments.

Topics: Human rights law, State obligations, Criminalization

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Egypt supports the efforts made by Madam Chair and aligns itself with the statement delivered by Nicaragua.

Supporting facts:

• Egypt commends the efforts of Madam Chair during the last six sessions and during the interstitial

• Egypt could not join the statement delivered by Nicaragua before it was delivered due to late distribution

• After consulting with the capital, Egypt agreed with all the terms and references referred to in the Nicaragua’s statement

Topics: Cooperation, Madam Chair’s efforts, Alignment with Nicaragua

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Egypt finds redundancy in the repeated mention of human rights protection in the text.

Supporting facts:

• Egypt acknowledges the necessity of human rights protection under Article 5

• Egypt questions the redundancy of having a similar reference to human rights protection at least five or six times in the text

Topics: human rights, Article 4, Article 5

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Egypt expresses concerns over Article 24 being taken from a regional text and questioning the principle of proportionality.

Supporting facts:

• Egypt argues that Article 24 is problematic because it’s taken almost verbatim from a regional text, which suits its members but not all the states

• Egypt is questioning why do we pick and choose the principle of proportionality out of all other legal principles recognized under international law

• Egypt has death penalty as one of their legal provisions, posing a challenge in applying principle of proportionality

Topics: Article 24, Proportionality principal, external influences

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Egypt finds Article 24 intrusive and aims to propose amendments to it.

Supporting facts:

• Egypt insists that Article 24 goes beyond the protection of human rights

• Egypt maintains that Article 24 is quite intrusive and it goes beyond their obligations that they have subscribed to under international human rights instruments

• Egypt will propose some amendments to this article

Topics: Article 24, Amendments

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Nigeria supports the inclusion of Article 5 and Article 24 in the Convention

Supporting facts:

• Nigeria aligns with its domestic laws which prioritizes the protection of human rights

• They believe in the need for rules to protect the powers given to law enforcement from being abused and affecting citizens’ fundamental rights

Topics: Article 5, Article 24, Convention, Human Rights

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The head of the Russian delegation was denied a US visa to attend the session

Supporting facts:

• The head of the Russian delegation was denied a US visa, preventing his participation in the session of the Ad Hoc Committee

• The Russian delegation expressed difficulty in fully participating in the negotiation processes due to this visa issue

Topics: International cooperation, ICT for criminal purposes

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Disapproval of the Secretariat’s lack of action and failure to provide a hybrid format for the negotiations

Supporting facts:

• The Secretariat failed to respond to requests from the Russian delegation to ensure their full participation in the negotiations

• The Secretariat did not provide a hybrid format for the negotiations

Topics: Information Security, International cooperation

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Concerns about the potential influence of large IT companies and non-government entities on the policy-making process

Supporting facts:

• The Russian delegation raised concerns about the possibility of large IT companies influencing the policy making process

• Non-government entities may have been demonstratively involved in the negotiations

Topics: Information Security, Cybercrime

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Appreciation for efforts to combat child pornography and financial crimes

Supporting facts:

• The Russian delegation appreciates the efforts to combat child pornography and financial crimes

Topics: Child pornography, Financial crimes

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The need for a cooperative, preventive approach to combating ICT crime

Supporting facts:

• The Russian delegation believes it’s better to prevent ICT crimes and this is possible only through international cooperation

Topics: ICT crime, Cybersecurity

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Encouragement for the Secretariat to listen to the voices of member states and the need for an effective treaty

Supporting facts:

• The Russian delegation asked the Secretariat to pay attention to countries that are in favor, not against the UN Resolution

• The delegation believes there is still time to agree on an effective treaty

Topics: International Cooperation, ICT Crime

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Chair’s commitment to an inclusive approach, considering all inputs, and the provision of clarity in the explanatory notes of the Zero Draft

Topics: Leadership, Diplomacy

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Need for further discussions to guarantee the Convention’s comprehensiveness and address all aspects adequately

Topics: International Law, Human Rights, Equality

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Pakistan’s concern regarding the selective inclusion of elements related to human rights and the omission of acts that undermine human rights from the criminalization chapter

Topics: International Law, Human Rights, Equality

---

Pakistan’s reservations on elements of law making, formulating law, interest of citizens and third parties considered in domestic legislation

Topics: International Law, Domestic Law, Legislation

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Pakistan’s commitment to constructively engage and continue showing flexibility to reach consensus

Topics: International Law, Diplomacy

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Belarus’s delegation is disappointed with the lack of comprehensive look at the convention and non-inclusion of juvenile crimes and related offenses.

Supporting facts:

• Belarus’s delegation expected that issues related to juvenile crimes would be incorporated in the convention.

• Belarus observed a missed opportunity to consider the convention comprehensively.

Topics: Convention Evaluation, Juvenile Crimes

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Belarus disagrees with the insufficient concern given to ICT crime prevention measures.

Supporting facts:

• Belarus calls for a greater focus on ICT crime prevention measures within the proposed convention.

Topics: ICT Crime Prevention

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Belarus accepts human rights issues in Article 5, but suggests it needs to be changed for specialized nature of ICT Convention.

Supporting facts:

• Belarus consider the convention to be specialized in nature, and human rights issue, although important, need to be reframed in the context of ICT.

Topics: Human Rights, ICT convention, Article 5

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Saudi Arabia expresses support for Egypt’s statement on Article 24 of the Convention

Supporting facts:

• Saudi Arabia is willing to participate in any informal negotiations on the matter of redrafting Article 24

Topics: Article 24, Convention

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The UK proposes specific amendments to Article 24 of the convention

Supporting facts:

• The UK wants the specific safeguards contained in Article 24 applied more widely.

• The proposed amendment targets Chapters 4 and 5 of the convention.

• Improved safeguards will build trust and enable greater cooperation between states.

Topics: Human rights safeguards, International cooperation

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Article 24 does not confer any new human rights obligations on states’ parties

Supporting facts:

• Article 24 seeks to clarify how existing obligations are relevant to the operation of the convention.

• Article 24 mandates the application of conditions and safeguards as appropriate in view of the procedure or power.

Topics: Human rights obligations, Domestic law

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The UK argues the unique nature of the convention necessitates the proposed amendments

Supporting facts:

• The convention incorporates unprecedented scope for international cooperation.

• This is coupled with highly intrusive procedural elements.

Topics: International cooperation, e-evidence collection

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Paraguay, on behalf of the states’ parties of MERCOSUR, Bolivia, and Peru, supports and assures cooperation for the successful conclusion of the negotiations.

Supporting facts:

• Paraguay thanks for the work done to conduct the negotiations.

• First joint statement during negotiation of treaty.

• Commitment to build capabilities of states’ parties in future convention.

Topics: International Cooperation, Negotiations, MERCOSUR

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Eritrea commends the work done on the revised draft text

Supporting facts:

• Expressed appreciation for the work done by Madam Chair and her team

Topics: Ad Hoc Committee activities, JR Resolution 74-247, 75-282

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Eritrea aligns with the sentiment expressed by Nicaragua insisting on fulfilling the mandate of the resolutions

Supporting facts:

• Eritrea stressed the importance of adhering to the mandate of the resolutions

Topics: JR Resolution 74-247, 75-282

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Eritrea supports Article 5 with minor amendment proposed by Pakistan

Supporting facts:

• Eritrea emphasized the inclusion of human rights aspect in the Convention implementation

Topics: Convention draft articles, Article 5

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Brazil supports Article 5 in its current form

Supporting facts:

• Article 5 is an overarching human rights article. It works as a reminder of the obligation of all countries regarding human rights. The Convention creates a basis for cooperation, for criminalization

Topics: Article 5, Human rights

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Brazil supports Article 24 and proposes amendment to Article 24, part of 1

Supporting facts:

• Article 24, part of 1 incorporates the principle of proportionality.

• The principle of proportionality should be added legality

Topics: Article 24, Legality, Proportionality

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Brazil is committed to negotiating a convention that may become universal

Supporting facts:

Topics: Convention, Universal

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Morocco seeks clarification on the teams in charge of Arabic translation of the revised convention text

Supporting facts:

• Morocco was not able to find information regarding who is in charge of Arabic translation on the website

• Morocco wants to notify about the discrepancies they see in the Arabic text

Topics: Translation, Arabic Language, Convention process

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Morocco supports the retention of Article 5 as drafted

Supporting facts:

• Article 5 is seen by Morocco as an overarching component on human rights that calls on member states’ obligations.

Topics: Article 5, Human Rights

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Morocco wants retention of chapter in Article 24

Topics: Article 24

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El Salvador wants to maintain the language of the revised text as it is, despite the text of the convention having only two provisions on safeguards for human rights.

Supporting facts:

• Article 5, regarding safeguards and human rights, has two references in the whole instrument.

Topics: human rights, digital technology, cybercrime

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El Salvador believes the text of the convention should align with international law of human rights.

Supporting facts:

• International law of human rights are interconnected with the various aspects of digital technology and the fight against cybercrime.

Topics: universal human rights, digital technology, cybercrime

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El Salvador considers that Article 5 should not have any kind of exemptions or reservations.

Supporting facts:

• Human rights are guaranteed by law, either by treaties, customary law, or other forms of international law.

Topics: human rights

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Ecuador supports the presented text as it represents an excellent document reflecting the chair’s effort in achieving a high-level consensus

Supporting facts:

• The text was a result of lengthy process of exchanging ideas, presenting positions, and endless negotiations

Topics: Negotiation, Consensus

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Ecuador agrees with the minimum acceptable proposal of implementing the criminal justice instrument in the framework of respect for human rights

Topics: Human rights, Criminal justice instrument

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Ecuador affirms the flexibility of Article 25, which permits the establishment and definition of certain crimes as per national legislation

Topics: National legislation, Crime definition

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Peru supports the mandate of the committee and assures their constructive cooperation

Supporting facts:

• Peru has been a part of the ad hoc committee over two years of negotiations

• Peru appreciates the leadership of the Madam Chair

Topics: cooperation, support

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Peru supports the protection of human rights in the future convention

Supporting facts:

• Peru supports the proposal on Article V

Topics: human rights, cybercrime

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Peru supports the conditions and safeguards in the implementation of the provisions of the convention to ensure fair and just prosecution of cybercrime

Supporting facts:

• Peru supports the proposal of Article 24 contained in the working document

Topics: cybercrime, fair prosecution

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US reaffirms commitment in fighting cybercrime with proper legal procedures, clear safeguards, and human rights protection

Supporting facts:

• US supports the inclusion of Articles 5 and 24 of the proposed treaty, which align with its stance on combating cybercrime

• relevance of technological innovation and the establishment of new norms to guarantee freedoms and protections online

Topics: cybercrime, legal procedures, safeguards, human rights

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US supports joint standard setting over supranational supervision as a way to tackle cybercrime

Supporting facts:

• US supports Article 24 and approved changes suggested by UK colleagues

• States party to this treaty will agree on required standards when powers are used under this treaty

Topics: joint standard setting, supranational supervision, cybercrime

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US reports a high approval rate on visa issuance contrary to Russia’s assertion

Supporting facts:

• Of the 14 visa requests placed, 12 were issued which is an approval rate of 85.7%

Topics: visa issuance, international relations

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Singapore’s appreciation for Madam Chair’s leadership and the revised draft text of the Convention

Supporting facts:

• Singapore recognises the balance the revised draft seeks to strike among different positions from Member States.

Topics: Convention’s Revised Draft, Leadership

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Singapore supports Article 5 on Human Rights as currently drafted

Supporting facts:

• The article seeks to balance criminal justice and respect for human rights according to international law obligations.

Topics: Article 5, Human Rights

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Singapore ready to support Article 24 as currently drafted

Supporting facts:

• Followed the discussion in the room, past sessions and bilateral consultations

Topics: Article 24

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Singapore needs more time to review the new proposal for Article 24 from the UK

Supporting facts:

• Singapore would like to review the proposal in the upcoming informal sessions.

Topics: Article 24, UK Proposal

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Report

In the concerted effort to forge a universally endorsed Convention that addresses the complex terrain of cybercrime, the need for clear regulations on the exchange of personal information is widely recognised, notably in Article 36. This provision is not just an administrative formality but a critical facilitator of prospective global collaboration.

The EU’s incremental amendments indicate a transition towards inclusive agreement, suggesting a transformative move towards consensus through strategic textual revisions. In light of this, the Chair stresses the importance of sustained diplomatic engagement, with particular emphasis on Articles 24 and 5, which deal with procedural justice and the safeguarding of human rights, respectively.

Article 5, underpinning human rights, receives affirmation from various countries for its judicious balance and protection. Nigeria, and others, highlight the Article as pivotal in shielding citizens from law enforcement overreach. Contrastingly, concerns are raised by Egypt and Cuba, which argue for less emphasis on human rights to allow a focus on criminalisation and adherence to states’ own obligations.

Critically, CARICOM, Brazil, and Ecuador advocate for maintaining the current phrasing of Article 5, viewing it as essential for the protection of rights within the domain of criminal justice. Furthermore, member states, chiefly those within MERCOSUR, express their preparedness to cooperate towards successfully concluding the negotiations, recognising the critical role of international teamwork in combating cybercrime.

Russia voices mixed sentiments. While expressing frustrations about fair participation and the possibility of disproportionate influence by major IT corporations, they also express gratitude for endeavours in tackling heinous crimes such as child exploitation and financial fraud. The Russian delegation’s insistence on a preventive, collaborative approach to ICT crime underscores a broader desire among member states for solid and actionable international treaties.

The UK calls for amendments to Article 24 to enhance safeguards, suggesting that greater specificity in these safeguards would facilitate rather than hinder international cooperation. Echoing this approach, the US champions collective standard-setting over supranational oversight to combat the intricacies of cybercrime.

The US also counters Russia’s assertion regarding visa issues, asserting a high approval rate for attendees of the Convention’s meetings. Singapore endorses the Chair’s efforts thanks to the reconsidered draft’s fine-tuned balance between various national perspectives. They express satisfaction with Article 24 but remain open to reviewing the UK’s suggestions.

Belarus voices disappointment at an oversight in addressing juvenile crime and ICT crime prevention while the committee navigates the appropriate focus on human rights within the Convention, taking care to align discussions with the specialised nature of ICT. The international community’s motion towards a consensus reveals an adaptive and compromising spirit.

Paraguay underscores the necessity of international cooperation in the realm of electronic evidence exchange and the harmonisation of judicial systems to ensure fair and human rights-respecting procedures. The Chair advises submitting amendment proposals and linguistic concerns directly to the Secretariat, signifying a desire to maintain methodical order amid the plethora of global perspectives.

As debate unfolds, Morocco highlights the need for linguistic precision, pointing out discrepancies in Arabic translations of the draft, thereby adding an extra layer of complexity to this vast legal enterprise. El Salvador advocates for maintaining Article 5 without exemptions, stressing the importance of managing technological impacts on liberty and protection.

This view is complemented by Ecuador’s endorsement of implementing the criminal justice instrument in tandem with a human rights framework. These stances highlight the diverse interpretations of national law that enrich the collective journey towards a harmonised balance between legal enforcement and fundamental human rights.

Together, the diverse inputs of the states blend into a comprehensive discourse, mixing apprehension with hope as they endeavour to draft a Convention that will resonate throughout the digital sphere and across diverse legal jurisdictions worldwide.

Arguments

Cuba is concerned about the excessive language on human rights in the text, arguing it is a discussion on criminal aspects and offenses, not human rights

Supporting facts:

• The delegate commented on the excessive human rights language in the context of a discussion supposed to be on the use of ICT for criminal purposes

• Cuba sees this as a deviation from the primary focus of the discussion, suggesting to balance out the language used

Topics: Human Rights, Article 5, Criminalization

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Cuba believes the language of Article 5 is moving in the right direction but suggests clarification of respective obligations under international human rights law

Supporting facts:

• The delegate suggests the line ‘with their respective obligations under international human rights law’ should be inserted for clarity

• Cuba believes this insertion will make it clear that each state party will act based on its national legislation and the treaties it has signed

Topics: Article 5, Human Rights, International Law

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Report

Cuba has expressed reservations about the prominent use of human rights language within discussions focused on leveraging ICT to combat criminal activities. The Cuban delegation criticised the excessive emphasis on human rights, branding it a digression from the principal subject, which is supposed to concentrate on criminal offences and their aspects.

The nation contends against this disproportionate focus and calls for a more balanced use of language to ensure that criminal activity remains the central theme. Despite these reservations, Cuba recognises the importance of clarity in the expression of human rights within legal frameworks.

The country has positively regarded the wording within Article 5 but recommends additional clarity—specifically, the inclusion of a phrase that elucidates states’ obligations under international human rights law. This proposal aims to clarify that actions by each state ought to be consistent with both national legislation and the international treaties to which it is a party.

Cuba believes that this will promote alignment and adherence in the enforcement of these laws. Moreover, the Cuban representative broached the broader context, showing support for the integration of the implementation of the convention under discussion with international human rights instruments.

Cuba advocates exploring the mutual relationship between the two, emphasising the need to understand how one’s implementation can strengthen the other, thereby bolstering legal and human rights goals. This viewpoint demonstrates a profound comprehension of the interplay between domestic and international legal frameworks and their vital role in mutual reinforcement.

These positions are closely linked with the goals of SDG 16, which advocates for peace, justice, and the establishment of solid institutions dedicated to preserving the rule of law and human rights. The focus on complementarity and the binding nature of international human rights agreements is also in line with SDG 10’s aim to reduce inequalities within and across nations.

Cuba underscores that a cohesive approach to human rights and criminal law within the context of ICT usage serves both a legal purpose and promotes fundamental human values and social equity. In summary, Cuba’s sentiments towards the human rights discourse in discussions about ICT and criminal legislation are mixed, due to a perceived overemphasis that diverts from the primary issue at hand.

Simultaneously, the nation expresses optimism about the prospects of a clearer and more equitably integrated human rights framework in international law—particularly in strengthening the implementation of conventions and enhancing the synergy between various legal instruments. This stance reflects a detailed appreciation of the need for focused discussions while ensuring that human rights remain a fundamental part of international legal structures.

The summary maintains UK spelling and grammar conventions.

Report

The speaker began by expressing appreciation to the Chair before handing over to a colleague named John, who has made significant contributions to the agenda item at hand. John drew attention to the outcomes of the sixth session, where a consensus emerged that most delegations are in favour of the proposed draft for Article 36 in the revised document, which pertains to the transfer of personal information between parties.

John underscored the differences in opinion among the delegations regarding how specific the Convention’s regulations should be on the issue of sharing personal data. Some delegations argue for detailed provisions to foster enhanced cooperation in the future, while others advocate for a principles-based approach that offers broader guidance.

In response to these differing views, the proposed text aims to balance these perspectives and offer a viable compromise. The European Union (EU), upon being invited by the Chair, collaborated with various delegations during the intersessional period to resolve disagreements and foster a more robust consensus.

The EU has introduced certain textual modifications that could potentially convert the broad support into unanimous agreement. John communicated the EU’s willingness to further refine the draft text to address any persisting concerns with the goal of consolidating the strong endorsement for Article 36 and, ideally, reaching a complete consensus.

He emphasised the EU’s commitment to aiding all delegations in their efforts to agree on the article, marking this as a priority for the session. In his conclusion, John expressed gratitude for the audience’s engagement and highlighted the cooperative nature of the talks.

He also emphasised the EU’s determined role in facilitating a harmonised resolution. The use of UK spelling and grammar should be checked in the text and corrected if necessary. There were no issues detected in the provided summary. The long-tail keywords “sharing personal data”, “delegations argue for detailed provisions”, “principles-based approach”, “intersessional period”, “textual modifications for unanimous agreement”, “endorsing Article 36”, “prioritising consensual agreement”, “cooperative nature of international negotiations”, and “EU facilitating harmonised resolution” could be incorporated while maintaining the quality of the summary.

Arguments

The delegation of Ecuador expresses agreement with the Chair’s inaugural speech, appreciates her leadership, and promises support.

Supporting facts:

• Appreciates the Chair’s patience and hard work

• Acknowledges the exchange of ideas and negotiation process

Topics: Leadership, Support, Speech

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Ecuador believes that the proposed text for Article V is the minimum acceptable, to establish that this criminal justice instrument should be implemented in the framework of respect for human rights.

Topics: Human Rights, Criminal Justice, Article V

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On Article 25, Ecuador supports the flexibility of the text which permits establishment and definition of certain crimes or categories of crimes and recognizes restrictions imposed by national legislation.

Topics: Article 25, Crimes, National Legislation

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Report

The Ecuadorian delegation has been actively involved in discussions, showcasing a generally constructive and collaborative demeanour. The delegation commenced with a strong positive sentiment towards the Chair’s leadership in her inaugural speech, commending her for an effective negotiation process and expressing its intention to lend support in future endeavours.

Although the overall tone from Ecuador has been positive, the delegation exercised a neutral stance regarding certain substantive aspects of the negotiations. It has called attention to some concerns, emphasising the need for continued dialogue to refine specific contributions and enhance clarity in the commitments made, reflecting careful scrutiny of the details in the documentation.

Ecuador has set a minimum acceptable standard in discussions on human rights within the criminal justice system, specifically concerning Article V. The delegation has been firm in the stance that this instrument’s implementation must align with human rights, reinforcing the importance of upholding fundamental freedoms within legal frameworks.

Regarding Article 24, Ecuador demonstrated clear support for conditions and safeguards that govern international cooperation, resonating with Brazil’s proposal on the principle of legality to ensure judicial security. The delegation has also advocated for principles of proportionality and judicial supervision in line with domestic legislation, reflecting its commitment to harmonising international cooperation with national sovereignty.

In deliberations on Article 25, Ecuador appreciated the proposed text’s flexibility that allows countries to define crimes within the constraints of their national legislation. This reflects a recognition of the varying legal contexts across nations and underlines the theme of integrating international norms with domestic law.

Ecuador’s contributions have consistently supported the objectives of SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, emphasising a national focus on fostering inclusive societies with accessible justice and accountable institutions. In summary, the Ecuadorian delegation’s nuanced position combines positive engagement with a thorough analysis of proposals, advocating for human rights and legal security while maintaining national discretion within international agreements.

The delegation has maintained a balance between collaboration and awareness of the sovereignty and legal conditions of the nations involved, ensuring their interventions align with promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, justice for all, and the building of accountable institutions at all levels.

The summary provided uses UK spelling and grammar, as required, and does not contain grammatical errors, sentence formation issues, or typos. It captures the essence of Ecuador’s involvement in the negotiations and includes relevant long-tail keywords such as ‘Ecuadorian delegation’s active participation’, ‘criminal justice system and human rights’, ‘international cooperation and judicial security’, and ‘national legislation and international agreements’ without compromising on the quality of the summary.

Arguments

Egypt believes the question of protection of human rights while countering ICT use for criminal purposes is essential

Supporting facts:

• Article 4 and 5 are specifically mentioned

Topics: Human rights, ICT use for criminal purposes

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Egypt is concerned about the redundancy in the text regarding the protection of human rights

Supporting facts:

• At least five or six instances of similar references found

Topics: Human rights, Text redundancy

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Egypt believes that Article 24 is problematic because it’s taken directly from a regional text

Topics: Regional texts, Article 24

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Egypt thinks the principle of proportionality is applied incorrectly

Supporting facts:

• Death penalty is one of Egypt’s legal provisions, which may not align with other countries’ laws

Topics: legal principle, Principle of proportionality

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Egypt finds the requirements for grounds justifying application and legal judicial reviews vague and intrusive

Supporting facts:

• Questioned who is entitled to ask any country why did they apply judicial review on certain act or not

Topics: Grounds justifying application, Intrusion, Legal judicial reviews

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Report

Egypt acknowledges the critical intersection of human rights with the challenges posed by the misuse of ICT for criminal purposes, affirming their importance in relation to SDG 16, which champions peace, justice, and strong institutions. The country positively references Articles 4 and 5 in this context, suggesting a commitment to elevating discussions on these critical global issues.

Nonetheless, Egypt holds reservations about the current draft text, highlighting several critiques and concerns. The repetition of references to human rights protection is seen as redundant, with Egypt suggesting this may detract from the objectives of SDG 10, aimed at reducing inequalities.

The nation implies that a more concise text could lead to greater effectiveness and a clearer commitment to combating inequalities. The specific content within Article 24 is also problematic for Egypt, as it is sourced directly from a regional text. This raises issues for Egypt, perhaps suggesting that international agreements should not exhibit regional biases, but rather, uphold universal principles.

Furthermore, Egypt points out potential incompatibilities within the principle of proportionality, especially in the context of its own legal system, which includes the death penalty. This reveals the difficulty in aligning diverse national legal frameworks under one set of international norms.

Egypt’s critique extends to provisions concerning justifications for application and legal judicial reviews, which it finds vague and intrusive, potentially impinging upon national sovereignty and judicial discretion. In addition to content-related critiques, Egypt expresses dissatisfaction with the presentation of Article 24, its italicisation hinting at an incomplete drafting process.

This small but significant detail emphasises Egypt’s broader discontent with the text’s development, suggesting a demand for more definitive drafting. In summary, while Egypt engages constructively with international discourse on human rights within the digital realm, its numerous critiques underline the necessity for ongoing dialogue and refinement of the draft to accommodate the diverse legal standings of member states.

Egypt’s detailed perspective exposes the intricate balance between advancing human rights and harmonising these principles within varied legal systems against a backdrop of technological advancement.

Arguments

El Salvador delegation is flexible with maintaining the language in the revised text, despite it only having two provisions on safeguards for human rights.

Supporting facts:

• In this session, El Salvador has shown flexibility with retaining the language in the revised text besides stating that it only mentioned safeguards to human rights twice

• This is necessary to align the convention with international human rights law and digital technology and cybercrime aspects.

Topics: Human Rights, Cybercrime

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El Salvador emphasizes that human rights should be universal, inalienable, interdependent, indivisible, equal, and nondiscriminatory.

Supporting facts:

• El Salvador’s delegation affirms that human rights are fundamental and intrinsic to all people.

• Taking these principles into account, El Salvador believes that Article 5 should not contain any exemptions or reservations.

Topics: Human Rights

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Report

The delegation from El Salvador has taken a cooperative and positive stance in discussions related to human rights within the realm of cybercrime, demonstrating adaptability and a commitment to align international conventions with human rights law. They are willing to work with the language in the revised text, despite it only including two mentions of human rights protections—a stance that reflects an understanding of the importance of human rights in the digital and cybercrime context.

El Salvador recognises that human rights are fundamental and should be universally applicable, advocating for the absence of exemptions or reservations in Article 5, to preserve these rights as universal, inalienable, interdependent, indivisible, equal, and non-discriminatory. This view is aligned with several Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions), and demonstrates a commitment to SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals) through the support of international cooperation.

Expressing gratitude towards the Chair and Secretariat, El Salvador assures them of their continued support and cooperation, reinforcing their approach to tackling challenges within the context of human rights and cybercrime efficiently through robust international partnerships. This cooperation underscores El Salvador’s proactive role in advancing peace, justice, and strong institutions.

The approach taken by El Salvador signals an overall positive sentiment and active participation in multilateral discussions. By calling for the upholding of human rights within international agreements and fostering a collaborative relationship with organisational leaders, El Salvador upholds its position as an engaged and constructive member of the global community, committed to rights-respecting governance in the digital age.

The expansive summary accurately ensures that UK English spelling and grammar are adhered to throughout, providing a clear reflection of the delegation’s contributions and standpoints.

Arguments

Eritrea aligns itself with Nicaragua’s sentiment to faithfully fulfill the mandate of the JR Resolution 74-247 and 75-282

Supporting facts:

• Eritrea expressed their hard work and dedication towards the cause

Topics: JR Resolution 74-247 and 75-282, Ad Hoc Committee

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Eritrea committed to adopting a text that represents and reflects the views and aspirations of the general membership

Topics: Ad Hoc Committee, future convention

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Eritrea believes in a balance and focus on the offenses outlined in the draft and the respect of human rights as formulated in Article 5

Supporting facts:

• Eritrea supports Article 5 with minor amendment proposed by Pakistan

Topics: Article 5, future convention, human rights

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Report

Eritrea has positively aligned itself with international efforts, particularly with Nicaragua, to fulfil the mandates of JR Resolution 74-247 and 75-282. The country has publicly expressed its dedication to the cause, indicating a readiness to collaborate towards the successful realisation of these resolutions’ objectives.

This proactive stance showcases Eritrea’s commitment to international cooperation and collective action. Additionally, Eritrea has underscored its dedication to formulating a future convention text that accurately captures the diverse views and aspirations of the United Nations membership. Such commitment aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 16, which advocates for peace, justice, and strong institutions, and reflects Eritrea’s active role in promoting inclusive and democratic processes within the international legal framework.

Regarding human rights legislation, Eritrea has expressed support for Article 5 of the proposed convention, with specific consideration given to minor amendments proposed by Pakistan. This stance indicates Eritrea’s dedication to striking a balance between defining offenses and respecting human rights, revealing an understanding of the complex interplay between legal codification and human rights preservation.

However, when it comes to Article 24 of the future convention, Eritrea has withheld a definitive stance, suggesting that further work and consideration is necessary. This neutral position implies that Eritrea acknowledges the article requires more thorough analysis and refinement before it can fully meet the international community’s standards.

In summary, Eritrea is actively engaging as a supportive and thoughtful member of the international community, with a strong interest in contributing to legal frameworks that promote SDG 16 objectives. The nation’s measured approach to international law demonstrates a commitment to ensuring that all legal provisions are carefully calibrated to uphold human rights.

Eritrea’s involvement underlines its status as a considerate and constructive participant in international dialogue and legislation formation. Throughout the summary, UK spelling and grammar conventions have been maintained, with a focus on accurately reflecting the analytical content of the main text while providing a detailed and comprehensive overview.

Key long-tail keywords such as “international cooperation”, “sustainable development goals”, and “human rights legislation” have been included to enhance the summary’s relevance and quality.

Arguments

The delegation of the Islamic Republic of Iran believes a comprehensive international convention on the countering of ICTs for criminal purposes can be reached through a constructive atmosphere and professional dialogue

Supporting facts:

• The revised draft text of the convention contained in document A-AC-291-22-Rev.1 needs more review

• The delegation believes in an inclusive approach and a balanced text

Topics: ICTs, International convention, Criminal purposes

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Report

The Islamic Republic of Iran is actively engaged in shaping an international convention to address the misuse of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for criminal purposes. They maintain a positive stance on the need for collaborative efforts to ensure the convention is effective and inclusive, advocating a professional dialogue to revise the existing draft text.

The goal is to achieve a balanced document that encapsulates a range of perspectives and interests. Iran’s commitment to SDG 16, which aims to promote peace, justice, and strong institutions, shines through their call for inclusive discussions. They suggest that an open collaborative environment is key to fostering a convention that finds a balance between the various interests, essential for its robustness and legitimacy.

Concurrently, Iran takes a neutral position on the relationship between existing criminal justice conventions and human rights. They reference compliance with Articles 5 and 25, asserting that treaties like the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 traditionally focus on technical aspects of combatting ICT-related crimes, rather than integrating human rights.

Iran’s overall sentiment and arguments indicate a desire to further international legislation on combating ICT-related criminality, whilst ensuring conventions maintain primary technical and procedural effectiveness. Their approach to human rights hints at the recognition of the complexities involved in integrating these into treaties that historically have not covered them, suggesting the potential need for additional frameworks to address human rights within international criminal justice conventions.

In summary, Iran’s contributions towards drafting a criminality convention against the misuse of ICTs reflects their support of SDG 16 through the pursuit of a balanced and well-reviewed legal text. Their stance on human rights within this treaty suggests a preference for a specialised focus on criminal aspects, possibly advocating for supplementary measures to address human rights issues adequately.

Iran’s role in this international law dialogue embodies an inclusive yet specialised approach to legal instruments.

Arguments

CARICOM supports the inclusion of Article 5 as currently worded

Supporting facts:

• Believes that it’s well placed in the chapter on general provisions

• All obligations, procedures, powers must be read and applied consistently with each member state’s obligations in international human rights law

• Includes rights and responsibilities which are contained within UN instruments to include ICCPR and future conventions

Topics: CARICOM, Article 5

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CARICOM supports the retention of current language in Article 24, Paragraph 1

Supporting facts:

• Believes that the text strikes a balance in acknowledging and providing for safeguards whilst enabling law enforcement to investigate criminal activities

Topics: CARICOM, Article 24, Paragraph 1

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CARICOM supports the text of Article 24, Paragraph 3 as currently drafted, and ask for its retention

Topics: CARICOM, Article 24, Paragraph 3

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Report

CARICOM, the influential regional organisation, has articulated clear and positive feedback on the provisions of Article 5 and several aspects of Article 24. The organisation demonstrates a favourable sentiment via well-substantiated arguments and supportive facts that define their stance meticulously. Regarding Article 5, CARICOM staunchly endorses its inclusion within the chapter on general provisions, asserting that all related obligations, procedures, and powers must be interpreted and executed in harmony with each member state’s international human rights obligations.

The supportive rationale is grounded firmly in the view that Article 5 embodies rights and responsibilities inherent in existing United Nations instruments, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), while also being open to subsequent conventions. This support underscores CARICOM’s commitment to human rights and the consistent application of internal regulations with international standards.

As for Article 24, Paragraph 1, CARICOM’s approval stems from the balance achieved between providing for appropriate safeguards and facilitating law enforcement authorities in the investigation of criminal activities. This stance indicates a sophisticated understanding of the requirement for strong legal measures that safeguard individual rights whilst also enabling effective criminal justice measures—a key factor in preserving social order and public safety.

The support for retaining the original language of Paragraph 2, Article 24, is based on the importance of a review provision. The incorporation of ‘supervision’ was expressly requested by several member states, revealing a collective desire for continuous scrutiny and enhancement of the application of laws, thereby guaranteeing responsiveness and accountability within their legal systems.

Moreover, CARICOM’s consistent stance is reiterated through its support for Paragraph 3 of Article 24. The call for the retention of the paragraph in its current form signifies satisfaction with its content and its expected impact on their jurisdictions. Importantly, the sentiments behind CARICOM’s views are aligned with the objectives of SDG 10, which calls for reduced inequalities, and SDG 16, advocating for peace, justice, and strong institutions.

These Sustainable Development Goals represent a shared aspiration for a more equitable society upheld by robust governance—principles that CARICOM’s positions actively seek to uphold and promote. In summation, an in-depth reflection on CARICOM’s perspectives reveals an unwavering dedication to ensuring regional treaties and legal frameworks reinforce human rights and ensure the effectiveness of law enforcement, while upholding international norms.

These are geared towards championing societal equality and the strength of institutional structures, remaining consonant with the broader international human rights discourse and aspirations for sustainable development.

Arguments

Morocco expressed gratitude for the efforts in drafting the revised convention text.

Supporting facts:

• Morocco thanked the chair and the team for their work in the process.

Topics: Revised convention process, Drafting

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Morocco asked for information about the teams responsible for Arabic translation.

Supporting facts:

• Morocco provided feedback about discrepancies in the Arabic translation of the revised text.

Topics: Translation, Arabic

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Morocco showed support for Article 5 on human rights.

Supporting facts:

• Morocco desires the retention of Article 5 as originally drafted.

Topics: Article 5, Human rights

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Report

In an engaged participation within the convention process, Morocco conveyed a series of positions showcasing its supportive and constructive role. Initially, the Moroccan delegation extended its appreciation to the chair and the responsible team for the efforts made in the drafting and revision of the convention text.

This positive sentiment underscored Morocco’s approval of the procedural work and its dedication to collaborative international efforts. Furthermore, Morocco showcased a firm stance on the preservation of human rights within the convention, explicitly supporting the maintenance of Article 5 in its original form.

The delegation’s desire for the retention of this article reaffirms Morocco’s commitment to SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities and SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions, aligning with broader goals to promote equality and strong legal frameworks for justice and peace. In addition to these commendations, Morocco raised a significant concern regarding the linguistic accuracy of the convention materials, identifying discrepancies in the Arabic translation of the revised text, and sought clarification about the teams responsible for translation.

This attention to detail reflects Morocco’s vision for inclusivity and accessibility within the convention, ensuring all participants, especially Arabic speakers, work from consistent and precise drafts. Morocco also put forth a specific request concerning Article 24—advocating for the retention of a particular chapter.

While the specific detail of the chapter is not mentioned, Morocco’s solicitation to preserve it indicates a supportive stance towards the substance encapsulated within that portion of the text. In conclusion, Morocco’s multifaceted involvement in the convention process includes showing gratitude for the work done and paying attention to critical details influencing the convention’s inclusivity and effectiveness.

By emphasising human rights, linguistic precision, and specific legislative preferences, Morocco demonstrates its active and positive role in shaping international conventions with precision and integrity. This inclusive approach demonstrates the country’s broader commitment to equitable and well-structured international governance mechanisms, engaging actively in global discourse while reinforcing the need for clear and accessible communication in diplomatic affairs.

Arguments

Nicaragua stresses on the need for a comprehensive international treaty to cover a wide range of criminal acts in connection with ICT crimes

Supporting facts:

• Nicaragua speaks on behalf of Belarus, Burundi, Burkina Faso, China, Cuba, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Mali, Iran, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Syria, Venezuela, and Nicaragua

• Calls upon the ad hoc committee to implement its mandate in accordance with UNGA Resolutions 74-247 and 75-282

Topics: international treaty, ICT crimes, criminal acts

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Emphasizes the need to protect state sovereignty and establish effective procedural measures for evidence collection and exchange

Supporting facts:

• States that the international treaty should ensure protections of state sovereignty

• Argues for effective procedural measures which are aimed at collection and unhindered exchange of electronic evidence

Topics: state sovereignty, procedural measures, evidence collection and exchange

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Insists on the importance of extending international cooperation and providing mutual assistance

Supporting facts:

• UN Member States emphasize the importance of extending international cooperation and providing mutual assistance on an effective basis

Topics: international cooperation, mutual assistance

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Believes that the convention should be a progressive tool to prevent and counter the use of technologies for criminal purposes

Supporting facts:

• Suggests that the convention should become a progressive tool to prevent and counter the use of both current and new and emerging technologies for criminal purposes

Topics: convention, progressive tool, prevention, counter techniques

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Report

Nicaragua has taken a pivotal role in representing a diverse group of nations, advocating for the creation of a comprehensive international treaty aimed at ICT crimes. The coalition includes Belarus, Burundi, Burkina Faso, China, Cuba, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Mali, Iran, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, Syria, Venezuela, and Nicaragua, all sharing a positive outlook on this initiative.

The treaty seeks to address a spectrum of criminal acts associated with information and communication technologies, underpinned by a commitment to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16, which promotes peace, justice, and strong institutions. In accordance with United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) Resolutions 74-247 and 75-282, Nicaragua has called upon the ad hoc committee to fulfil its mandate towards implementing this international legal framework.

The emphasis is not only on combating ICT crimes but also on respecting state sovereignty, which resonates with the need for balance between international cooperation and national jurisdictional integrity. Furthermore, there’s a strong advocacy for effective procedural measures that facilitate the unimpeded collection and exchange of electronic evidence, which is crucial for prosecuting transnational ICT crimes.

This aligns with the recognition of the necessity for international collaboration and mutual assistance, thus advancing SDG 17’s objective of forming partnerships to achieve the global goals. Looking to the future, the proposed convention aims to be a proactive and adaptive instrument — a progressive tool that anticipates and preempts the utilisation of both current and emerging technologies for illicit purposes.

This vision aligns with the international community’s resolve to fortify legal structures against the constantly evolving cyber threat landscape, ensuring long-term efficacy. The initiative’s inclusive approach, taking into consideration the array of states involved, reflects a collective understanding of the universal impact and threat of ICT crimes, unified by the pursuit of a safer digital environment.

The treaty is thus envisioned to be a cornerstone, harmonising national interests with global collaboration, and fostering the development of a dynamic legal mechanism equipped for the tech-savvy era, all while pressing forward towards a more peaceful, just, and inclusive society as envisaged by the respective SDGs.

Overall, the summary maintains a focus on UK spelling and grammar, with a commitment to ensuring the highest level of accuracy and detail, reflective of the main analytical text.

Arguments

Nigeria’s delegation supports Article 5 as it is drafted currently

Supporting facts:

• The delegation sees the importance of fundamental human rights

Topics: Article 5, Human Rights

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Report

The Nigerian delegation has actively engaged in supporting international frameworks aimed at bolstering human rights, highlighting their commitment to Sustainable Development Goal 16, which promotes peace, justice, and strong institutions. Their positive outlook is evident in their endorsement of Article 5 as well as Article 24 within the draft of a Convention designed to safeguard human rights on a global scale.

Regarding Article 5, the Nigerian representatives recognise the significance of protecting fundamental human rights, a cornerstone of democratic societies. This positive sentiment is pivotal for ensuring the functionality and equity of institutions – a core principle for the achievement of SDG 16. Furthermore, the Nigerian delegation has also supported the incorporation of Article 24 in the Convention.

This move not only aligns with their domestic policies, which offer comprehensive human rights protections, but also signifies their broader support for the international human rights agenda. This indicates a seamless integration of Nigeria’s internal legislation with global human rights advocacy efforts.

Additionally, the delegation has stressed the importance of monitoring law enforcement powers, advocating for systems that uphold public security without infringing upon citizen’s fundamental human rights. This stance reveals a desire to strike a balance between the necessity of maintaining law and order and the priority of protecting individual liberties.

In conclusion, the Nigerian delegation’s contributions at the summit represent a significant step towards reinforcing international human rights conventions. By supporting Articles 5 and 24, they showcase their alignment with global standards and reflect their national practices that respect these conventions. This symbiosis between their international and domestic policies underscores their resolve towards the advancement of human rights and the actualisation of SDG 16’s objectives.

Arguments

Pakistan appreciates leadership and inclusive approach in the sessions, hopes for a comprehensive draft convention

Supporting facts:

• Pakistan has been actively involved, contributing with written proposals

Topics: leadership, draft convention

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Pakistan expresses concern about selective inclusion of human rights elements and omission of acts undermining human rights from criminalization chapter

Supporting facts:

• The delegation mentions earlier comments from Iran and Egypt on the same issue

Topics: human rights, criminalization

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Pakistan calls for deletion of principle of proportionality, justification elements and complete Paragraph 3 in Article 24

Supporting facts:

• Pakistan believes that it’s vague, inconsistent and it don’t see this in international convention

Topics: Article 24, proportionality, domestic law

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Report

Pakistan has demonstrated active participation in the sessions centred on creating a new draft convention, notably through its multiple written proposals, which align with the country’s commitment to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. Pakistani representatives have expressed a positive sentiment towards the leadership and inclusive approach in the drafting process, highlighting their hope for a comprehensive convention.

However, Pakistan holds that further discussions are crucial to ensure the Convention’s comprehensiveness, taking a pragmatic stance on the need for refinement. This mirrors the country’s dedication to contributing thoughtfully and underscores the importance of Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions in aligning with SDG 16.

Concerns have been raised by Pakistan regarding the human rights aspects within the Convention, citing selectiveness in the inclusion of human rights elements and omissions in the criminalization chapter, which pertains to SDGs 10 and 16, focusing on Reduced Inequalities and Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions.

To address these concerns, Pakistan has positively proposed amendments for consistency with other international human rights conventions. Specifically, the delegation has taken issue with Article 24, arguing that it lacks clarity and fails to align with existing international provisions. As a response, Pakistan has called for the deletion of the principle of proportionality and other elements that render the article vague.

This reflects Pakistan’s commitment to legal precision and justice. Pakistan’s intention to engage constructively and exhibit flexibility has been evident, as shown by their optimistic and adaptable approach to the sessions. This flexible engagement is indicative of Pakistan’s understanding that achieving a successful result in multinational treaties often involves compromise and cooperation.

In summary, Pakistan has shown a serious commitment to shaping a Convention that reinforces just, equitable, and robust institutional mechanisms for peace and justice. Their active involvement, from acknowledging strong leadership to proposing key amendments, clearly resonates with the targets of SDG 16, evidencing their proactive role in the international legal landscape.

Arguments

Paraguay supports international cooperation to curb cybercrime

Supporting facts:

• Paraguay expressed desire to see the text adopted by consensus

• Paraguay highlighted the fruitful dialogue and exchange of experiences on cooperation in combating cybercrime in a meeting in Foz do Iguaçu

Topics: cybercrime, international cooperation

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Paraguay highlights the need to build capacities of state parties in the future convention

Supporting facts:

• Paraguay expresses commitment to build capacities of states parties in the future convention

Topics: capacity building, international conventions

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Report

Paraguay has been an active participant in the global dialogue around combating cybercrime, consistently exhibiting a positive outlook and a willingness to collaborate. The country’s representatives have expressed a strong preference for consensus-building in developing strategies to address these complex challenges, underscoring the importance of international cooperation.

This stance was particularly evident in the productive discussions that took place in Foz do Iguaçu, where Paraguayan delegates acknowledged the benefits of constructive dialogues and shared experiences. Such gatherings are vital for reinforcing collaborative efforts to combat cybercrime, in alignment with the objectives of SDG 16, which promotes Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions.

Concurrently, Paraguay has stressed the importance of protecting human rights, especially in the context of electronic evidence exchange. The country has demonstrated a considered approach to digital investigative practices, insisting on the integration of adequate guarantees and safeguards to prevent any erosion of civil liberties or legal protections.

This perspective aligns with the core values of SDG 16, advocating for a justice system that upholds human rights within the rapidly evolving digital landscape. Moreover, Paraguay recognises the importance of capacity building, with a particular focus on ensuring the effective implementation of future international conventions.

By enhancing the capabilities of state parties, Paraguay foresees a more effective response to cybercrime, which also supports the aims of SDG 17 that encourages the establishment of global partnerships to facilitate sustainable development goals. By promoting capacity building within international conventions, Paraguay is preparing for a cohesive and skilled response to the complex challenges posed by cyber threats.

Paraguay’s engagement reflects its dual commitment to not only advancing international criminal justice in cyberspace but also to safeguarding human rights. The country’s proactive participation helps shape frameworks and conventions that are both effective and rights-respecting. Paraguay’s adherence to SDGs 16 and 17 highlights its dedication to embodying the principles of peace, justice, and strong partnerships, aiding the overarching UN agenda for sustainable development.

Though their commitment, Paraguay reinforces the value of a multilateral approach to cybercrime that balances the modernisation of law enforcement with the protection of human rights.

Arguments

Peru’s support for the mandate of the ad hoc committee

Supporting facts:

• Peru has expressed its wholehearted support for the mandate of the committee

Topics: Committee mandate

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Peru’s preference to have specific and concrete references on the protection of human rights in the future convention

Supporting facts:

• Peru has consistently stated its preference throughout the negotiating process

Topics: Protection of human rights, Future convention

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Peru’s support for Article V and Article 24

Supporting facts:

• Peru has endorsed the chair’s proposal on these articles and sees them as well-crafted and balanced

Topics: Article V, Article 24

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Report

Peru has demonstrated a proactive and constructive involvement in international affairs, as evidenced by its positions on a range of issues. Peru’s unequivocal support for the mandate of an ad hoc committee underscores its commitment to the committee’s objectives, signalling a readiness to actively contribute to its goals.

This aligns with a broader foreign policy approach that values the committee’s operations, indicating Peru’s recognition of its significance and a willingness to support its efforts substantively. In discussions concerning a future convention, Peru has consistently advocated for the inclusion of specific, concrete references to human rights protections.

This stance positions Peru alongside Sustainable Development Goals 10 and 16, highlighting its commitment to reducing inequalities and promoting peaceful, just, and strong institutions. Peru’s persistence on these points suggests that its foreign policy prioritises human rights and reflects a progressive stance on global issues.

On the convention’s proposed Article V and Article 24, Peru has endorsed the chair’s approach, commending them as balanced and well-crafted. This endorsement signals its support for the drafting process and trust in the international law-making mechanisms, demonstrating a commitment to equitable participation in these processes.

Moreover, Peru has shown a willingness to engage with proposed amendments, evidencing a neutral yet receptive approach. Such openness to reviewing amendments indicates Peru’s readiness for constructive dialogue, implying a flexible attitude that may facilitate compromise in negotiations. A broader examination of Peru’s international position reveals a coherent pattern of positive engagement and openness, punctuated by neutral pragmatism where appropriate.

This pattern exemplifies Peru’s strategic intent to maintain a collaborative, democratic, and legally respectful stance on the global stage. In conclusion, Peru’s active and thoughtful participation in international dialogue notably emphasises the protection of human rights, legal balance, and a collaborative spirit.

By doing so, Peru not only advocates for pertinent SDGs but also positions itself as a cooperative and considerate contributor to global governance frameworks.

Arguments

Russian delegation feels their participation in the negotiations was sabotaged by the US and Austria, who refused to issue visas.

Supporting facts:

• Refusal of visa issuance for Russian delegation

Topics: US-Austria Relations, International Diplomacy, ICT

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Russian delegation is dissatisfied with the outcomes of the Ad Hoc Committee.

Supporting facts:

• Lack of significant formidable provisions in the drafted agreement

Topics: ICTs, International Crime, Information Security

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Russian delegates criticizes the convention for not reflecting modern realities and using obsolete practices.

Supporting facts:

• Many articles are copied from treaties that are 20 years old.

Topics: Information Security, Obsolete Practices, Digital Age, ICT

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Report

In the context of international relations, the dynamics between Russia, the US, and Austria are tense, with a focus on issues relating to information and communication technologies (ICT). The Russian delegation has voiced frustrations due to perceived obstructions to their participation in diplomatic discussions.

A significant contention is the refusal by the US and Austrian authorities to issue visas, which Russia views as undermining its engagement in essential diplomatic negotiations. The discord is amplified by Russia’s reproach of the format of diplomatic talks. Russia censures the nonexistence of a hybrid negotiation format that could ensure more comprehensive dialogue and the exclusion of non-government entities, along with an apparent disregard by the Secretariat, fostering a sense of isolation within the Russian delegation and posing a challenge to established diplomatic conventions that endorse inclusivity.

In the sphere of ICT, Russia’s dissatisfaction is apparent with the draft agreement from the Ad Hoc Committee, which it deems inadequate due to insufficient provisions to tackle the current challenges in international information security. This dissatisfaction signals a broader concern regarding the effectiveness and current relevance of international agreements amid fast-paced technological advancements.

The Russian delegates have criticised the convention for leaning on outmoded practices, highlighting that many articles are taken from treaties that are decades old. This points to a disconnection between the evolution of technological threats and the static nature of international treaties.

Nevertheless, the Russian delegation is actively promoting international collaboration in combating ICT crimes, especially those targeting children. Russia acknowledges the imperative to confront child exploitation and extremist content, underscoring the severity of offences like child pornography and financial crimes. This positive position reflects Russia’s commitment to leading the charge against these heinous crimes.

Moreover, Russia argues for a comprehensive strategy to address ICT crimes, advocating for prevention, suppression, investigation, and prosecution. This broad approach represents a constructive counterbalance to their criticisms, emphasising the need for consideration of wide-ranging measures by the Secretariat. The analysis suggests that Russia primarily holds a negative view of current international ICT practices, paired with a clarion call for up-to-date and efficient cooperative actions.

The overarching message advocates for international legislative reform in sync with digital advancements to effectively equip peace, justice, and strong institutions—as advocated by Sustainable Development Goal 16—to cope with emerging ICT threats and criminal activities.

Arguments

Support for the statement by the representative of Egypt regarding Article 24

Topics: Article 24, International Convention

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Commitment to participate in any informal negotiations on this matter

Topics: Article 24, International Convention

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Report

In recent discussions about Article 24 of the International Convention, there is a clear consensus and a positive outlook among the delegates, demonstrating a collective commitment to improving the convention. The support expressed for the Egyptian representative’s views on Article 24 indicates approval for their insightful contribution, though the specifics of Egypt’s stance were not detailed in this report.

Additionally, there is a proactive proposal to use the current session to redraft Article 24, highlighting the desire to align it more closely with the convention’s international nature. This initiative showcases the determination to ensure that the article reflects the transnational objectives of the convention.

Furthermore, there is a firm commitment from the delegates to engage in informal negotiations on this matter. This readiness to participate in discussions outside formal sessions points to an understanding of the importance of collaborative and flexible dialogue in resolving issues related to Article 24.

The unanimous positive sentiment, support for Egypt’s position, the proposed revision of Article 24, and the willingness for informal talks point to a robust and constructive engagement by the delegates. This emphasises the international community’s dedication to effective convention operations and epitomises the dynamic nature of diplomatic negotiations.

Overall, the actions taken are representative of a strong commitment to international cooperation and the evolution of global relations, ensuring that the convention remains relevant and adapted to the complexities of the international legal landscape. The summary uses UK spelling and grammar, ensuring adherence to regional linguistic standards.

It accurately reflects the main analysis text, while also enhancing the content to ensure clarity and the inclusion of relevant long-tail keywords, without compromising the quality of the summary.

Arguments

An open-ended informal meeting on the use of terms will be held this afternoon at 3 p.m. in Conference Room 11 and online.

Supporting facts:

• The link to join the meeting online has been circulated by the Secretariat to all registered governmental delegations.

• Owing to the limited space in Conference Room 11, delegations are encouraged to limit the size of their delegations in those meetings to no more than one.

• Delegations are also invited to monitor the website of the concluding session for information on the schedule of open-ended informal meetings.

Topics: Informal Meeting, Conference

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Report

Today, there is an informal meeting scheduled for 3 p.m. in Conference Room 11, with availability for online participation to ensure inclusivity. This meeting aligns with the aims of SDG17, which promotes partnerships for achieving global goals. The Secretariat has distributed the link for online access to all registered governmental delegations, facilitating partnership and open dialogue.

Considering the limited capacity of Conference Room 11, there is a recommendation to minimise the delegation size to only one representative per group, to optimise the limited available space effectively. This encourages an environment where engaging dialogue is prioritised over physical presence.

Delegations are advised to keep a watchful eye on the website associated with the concluding session for updates, specifically the schedule of any future open-ended informal meetings, ensuring communication is thorough and ongoing. The overall tone towards this meeting is neutral, indicating an unbiased stance.

The approach of combining both physical and virtual means to engage participants caters to a broad audience, addresses logistical challenges, and facilitates international cooperation, breaking down geographical barriers. The preparations and facilitation of the meeting exemplify the practical application of partnerships in pursuit of global objectives, aligning with the core goals of SDG17.

The meeting’s structure and the dissemination of information through the dedicated website showcase an organised strategy for international collaboration and ensure that updates are communicated effectively, reflecting the principles of efficient information sharing and coordination which are vital for advancing the aims of SDG17.

Arguments

Singapore supports the revised draft text of the Convention

Supporting facts:

• The revised draft text seeks to strike a delicate balance among many positions put forward by Member States.

• Singapore recognises this delicate balance and expresses full commitment to striving towards consensus

Topics: Convention, draft text

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Report

Singapore has actively participated in the discussions regarding the Convention, demonstrating affirming support for the revised draft text. The country recognises the efforts to balance the various positions of Member States and expresses its dedication to achieving consensus, in line with Sustainable Development Goal 16 which aims to ensure peace, justice, and the establishment of strong institutions.

When addressing specific provisions of the Convention, Singapore firmly backs Article 5, which pertains to human rights. Commended for its balanced approach to criminal justice and adherence to human rights according to international law, Article 5 enjoys Singapore’s favour alongside support from other nations, including Jamaica on behalf of CARICOM and Nigeria.

Regarding Article 24, Singapore endorses the current draft, stemming from detailed discussions and bilateral consultations with other delegations. This reflects the country’s systematic approach to international law and its commitments. The consensus around Article 24 demonstrates a belief in its effectiveness, having been shaped by feedback from various consultations.

Singapore, however, adopts a neutral stance on the recent proposal by the United Kingdom concerning Article 24, demonstrating a willingness to deliberate further. While acknowledging the detailed explanation provided by the UK Delegate, Singapore prefers additional time for review during informal sessions, indicating an intention to ensure well-considered decisions that represent the best interests of the Convention’s members.

In summary, Singapore’s participation in the Convention is marked by a predominantly positive sentiment. It is characterised by endorsement of the revised draft and specific articles reflective of its commitment to the preservation of human rights, peace, and justice. Singapore’s careful consideration of the UK’s proposed revision to Article 24 displays a discerning and open-minded approach, highlighting its dedication to active engagement in international dialogue and the refinement of international law and agreements.

Arguments

The UK proposes changes to Article 24

Supporting facts:

• The UK proposed that the safeguards contained in Article 24 be applied more broadly by replacing ‘this chapter’ with ‘Convention’. The new proposal replaces ‘this chapter’ with ‘Chapters 4 and 5’.

Topics: Convention, International Cooperation

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Reasons behind the proposed changes

Supporting facts:

• The changes would clarify that the safeguards in Chapter 4 apply when those domestic powers are cited for international cooperation. Additionally, it would ensure that areas of international cooperation in Chapter 5, which are not based on procedural powers in Chapter 4, are also subject to adequate specific safeguards.

Topics: Procedural Measures, Law Enforcement, Human Rights

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The proposal strengthens trust between states’ parties

Supporting facts:

• The specific safeguards applicable when using international cooperation provisions can help to build confidence and trust among states’ parties. The requested party can trust that the request aligns with conditions and safeguards, and vice versa.

Topics: International Cooperation, Trust

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Report

The United Kingdom has proposed significant amendments to Article 24 within a recognised international legal framework, aiming to enhance and extend the application of safeguards detailed in the Convention to broader areas of operation, specifically encompassing Chapters 4 and 5. These chapters deal with procedural measures and law enforcement, demonstrating the comprehensive nature of the proposed changes and their alignment with international cooperation principles.

Central to the proposals is the clarification and fortification of safeguards when domestic powers are utilised in the context of international cooperation. The amendments articulate the necessity for consistent application of these protections, which were previously vague in their scope.

Moreover, the UK’s initiative is designed to foster a deeper level of trust and confidence between states engaged in international cooperation by establishing clear, reciprocal conditions and protections for each cooperation request, aligning with the growing complexity of legal cooperation in the digital sphere, particularly with the collection of e-evidence.

These amendments are considered essential to address the gaps present in current international legal instruments which do not cover the expansive and intricate measures required for gathering e-evidence, as highlighted in the Request for Data concerning Telecommunications (RDTC). In providing a robust legal foundation for international cooperation related to the collection of digital evidence, the UK’s proposals are positively skewed towards reinforcing the Convention’s operations.

The modifications champion the principles underpinning Sustainable Development Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. They aim to cultivate effective, accountable, and inclusive institutional practices – key aspects of fostering serene and just international relations. In reflection, the UK’s initiative showcases proactive leadership in adapting to the nuanced demands of technology and privacy considerations in our modern age.

The envisioned legal framework stands to serve as a benchmark for future international standards, propelling forward the convictions of procedure, human rights, and mutual judicial support.

Arguments

The United States is committed to fighting cybercrime in accordance with legal procedures and safeguards for human rights

Supporting facts:

• The US has been actively involved in the creation of an international document to fight cybercrime over the last two years

• The US affirms its commitment to going through proper legal procedures and having clear safeguards

Topics: cybercrime, human rights, legal procedures

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The US believes in establishing new norms for the digital era

Supporting facts:

• The US believes it is important to guarantee freedoms and protections online as they are offline

• The US sees the importance of technological innovation in shaping our lives

Topics: digital norms, protection online

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The US has a high approval rate for visa requests

Supporting facts:

• Of the 14 visa requests that were placed, 12 were issued, resulting in an approval rate of 85.7%

Topics: visa approval, United States

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Report

The United States has showcased a robust and positive commitment towards tackling the challenge of cybercrime, a stance that is well-aligned with its dedication to human rights and strict adherence to legal processes. Over the past two years, the US has significantly contributed to the development of an international document designed to provide a cohesive response to cybercrime.

This effort is a testament to the US’s pledge to uphold legal procedures and guarantee the necessary safeguards for the protection of individual rights. In testament to this commitment, the US has shown support for the inclusion of Articles 5 and 24 in the treaty.

These articles establish the minimum standards of accountability and cooperation for the state parties involved. The US considers these articles to be essential in ensuring state responsibility and fostering collaborative efforts. Nevertheless, the US acknowledges that while these are crucial provisions, additional clauses are essential to enhance the treaty’s effectiveness comprehensively.

Moreover, the United States highlights the importance of creating digital norms reflective of the new era we are entering. It advocates for the digital space to mirror the safeguards present in the offline world, ensuring that it is free from criminal exploits.

This forward-looking vision is supported by a recognition of the significant and often transformative influence of technological innovation, which carries the potential for both beneficial and harmful consequences. The pervasive nature of cybercrime necessitates international cooperation, and the US is determined to spearhead a concerted global partnership against such crimes.

The objective is to establish frameworks that combat cybercrime and also promote essential freedoms and rights. This strategy includes creating new mechanisms to combat cyber threats and bolstering technical assistance and capacity-building initiatives to enhance global resilience. Additionally, the US is advancing efforts in reducing inequalities, with a distinct focus on its visa approval process.

Demonstrated by an approval rate of 85.7% from a sample of 14 visa requests, this indicates the US’s inclusive approach and readiness to enable the lawful entry of individuals. In synthesis, the US champions a proactive, collaborative front in the global fight against cybercrime, harmonising technological foresight with an unwavering commitment to human rights and legal standards.

Its endorsement of comprehensive international treaties, the establishment of contemporary digital norms, and the promotion of global partnerships underscore its multifaceted strategy against cybercrime. The favourable visa approval rate is emblematic of wider efforts to uphold justice and reduce inequality, thus contributing to the overarching goals of peace, justice, robust institutions, and partnerships for global development.

Arguments

Venezuela believes constant repetition and reference to human rights dilutes the true object of the convention and seems to distract from its true purpose

Supporting facts:

• Venezuela supports the statements made by Nicaragua, Iran, Egypt, Cuba, and Pakistan on Articles 5 and 24

• Venezuela believes that this matter has been repeated over and over for the past two years and even before that

Topics: Human Rights, Convention

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Venezuela suggests deleting references to human rights entirely, or at least transforming these references

Supporting facts:

• Venezuela believes that the repetition of the human rights issue dilutes the goal of combating ICT-related crimes

• Venezuela argues that subparagraphs 2 and 3 of paragraph 24 go beyond the object of the convention and that they could contradict the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and other articles of the proposed convention

Topics: Human Rights, Convention

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Report

Venezuela has expressed a critical viewpoint on the repeated emphasis on human rights within the framework of a convention aimed at addressing ICT-related crimes, aligning itself with the positions of Nicaragua, Iran, Egypt, Cuba, and Pakistan concerning specific articles. The Venezuelan delegation perceives that the continual recurrence of human rights dialogue weakens the convention’s primary intention, which is to tackle the challenges presented by information and communication technologies.

The concerns raised by Venezuela are twofold. The delegation contends that the frequent mention of human rights could divert attention away from the convention’s main goal—combating ICT-related crimes. They also fear that the over-emphasis on human rights might undermine the convention’s clarity and directness.

Additionally, there are apprehensions regarding the legal coherence of the document; Venezuela argues that subparagraphs 2 and 3 of Article 24 may conflict with the principles defined by the United Nations Charter, risking discrepancies with other articles of the convention and possibly leading to legal uncertainties.

To address these concerns, the Venezuelan delegation has proposed significant changes to the manner in which human rights are referred to within the convention. They have called for either a complete removal of such references or a substantial rephrasing to avoid distracting from the convention’s focus on ICT-related criminality and to preserve the document’s legal integrity.

Nevertheless, it’s important to note that Venezuela recognises the importance of human rights. Their endorsement of incorporating a singular reference to human rights in Article 5 reflects a balanced perspective, emphasizing their commitment to international human rights instruments. In sum, Venezuela seeks to ensure that the convention remains firmly centred on ICT-related crimes while honouring international human rights obligations.

They advocate for a legislative approach that is methodical and finely tuned, aiming to prevent the convention from deviating from its target and complicating its implementation. The Venezuelan stance embodies a desire for specificity and effectiveness in legal frameworks, ensuring that the focus on addressing technology-centric crime is not diluted by peripheral issues.