Uncategorized

Arguments

Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence (TFGBV) is a significant barrier to the social and economic opportunities of women, especially businesswomen and entrepreneurs

Supporting facts:

• A global study by The Economist found that 38% of women have personally experienced online violence, 65% reported knowing other women who had been targeted online

• 85% of women have witnessed digital violence against other women

Topics: gender-based violence, digital economy, women empowerment, TFGBV

---

Women often do not realize when they are victims of digital gender violence

Supporting facts:

• 53% of women in a survey recognized themselves as victims, but 47% did not recognize digital violence and normalized the conduct

• Only 11% of these women reported the incidents within their organizations

Topics: Women’s Equity, Gender Violence, Digital Harassment

---

Adam Sachs agrees with Liana Sargsyan that the issue of online violence and harassment needs to be systematically addressed and measured.

Supporting facts:

• About 30% of women entrepreneurs surveyed were unsure if reporting online violence would help or change anything.

• Many incidents of online harassment remain unreported due to lack of trust in the effectiveness of reporting.

• Fear of retaliation is also a reason women avoid reporting.

• Another 30% of surveyed women were uncertain if the online harassment they faced was serious, suggesting that such harassment is being normalized.

Topics: Online Violence, Women Entrepreneurs, Public Neglect, Systematic Solution

---

Technology is a tool that can either exacerbate or help heal cultural and social issues

Supporting facts:

• Technology can exacerbate or heal cultural and social issues, including sexism and stereotyping

Topics: Technology, Cultural Issues, Social Issues

---

The importance of a legal framework and regulation providing certainty.

Supporting facts:

• A supportive legal framework is absent in Armenia in addressing technology facilitated harms.

Topics: Law, Regulation, Certainty, Rights, Women rights

---

Report

Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence (TFGBV) is a significant barrier to the social and economic opportunities of women, especially businesswomen and entrepreneurs. A global study by The Economist found that 38% of women have personally experienced online violence, and 65% reported knowing other women who had been targeted online.

Additionally, 85% of women have witnessed digital violence against other women. This highlights the pervasive nature of TFGBV and the urgent need for action. The economic implications of TFGBV are concerning, with researchers estimating that online violence costs the global economy over two billion dollars in lost economic opportunity.

This reinforces the need to prioritise investments in women’s economic empowerment, which could lead to an additional 10 trillion dollars of economic growth by 2030. To address TFGBV, an inclusive policy environment should be fostered, supporting women business owners and entrepreneurs. Digital security and safety measures need to be promoted to protect women from online violence.

Collaboration between women’s business associations and civil society organisations is essential in combating TFGBV effectively. One challenge in addressing TFGBV is the lack of awareness among women regarding their victimisation. Many incidents go unreported due to a lack of trust in reporting mechanisms and fear of retaliation.

Creating a culture of trust and support is crucial to empower victims. Adam Sachs emphasises the need to address TFGBV systematically and advocates for regulatory measures. He also highlights the potential of technology to exacerbate or alleviate cultural and social issues.

It is worth noting that Armenia lacks a supportive legal framework to address technology-facilitated harms, underlining the importance of comprehensive policies and regulations. Uniting diverse voices through a coalition can further amplify efforts in raising awareness and finding solutions. In conclusion, TFGBV poses significant challenges to women’s social and economic opportunities.

Actions such as fostering an inclusive policy environment, promoting digital security, raising awareness, and enforcing regulations are needed to combat TFGBV effectively. Empowering women economically and using technology responsibly can create a more equal and inclusive digital world.

Arguments

Connected Women focuses on digital inclusion and digital upskilling for women, particularly in the AI industry

Supporting facts:

• Connected Women has a community of around 150,000 women

• During the pandemic, they shifted focus towards entry-level roles in AI such as data annotation and have trained over 1,000 women

Topics: Digital Inclusion, Artificial Intelligence, Upskilling

---

The exponential increase in the usage of generative AI tools is unknowingly exposing a wide range of users to potential risks.

Supporting facts:

• Generative AI has become mainstream and is causing a big disruption.

• Many people are not aware of how these systems work and what they’re built on.

• People across various demographics and socio-economic backgrounds use these tools without fully understanding the implications or risks involved.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Generative AI, Digital Literacy, Online Safety

---

There is a need for comprehensive education about the functionality, benefits and risks of AI tools.

Supporting facts:

• Gina’s community is launching a new program focused on generative AI, its benefits, and potential risks.

• She believes there’s a lack of data literacy among users and education is necessary to close this gap.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Generative AI, Digital Education

---

The unawareness among users exposes them to risks of economic exploitation.

Supporting facts:

• Women or men might be asked to create and share explicit or sensitive content which might lead to their exploitation.

• Some might be exposed to disturbing content for moderation, without proper awareness or preparation.

Topics: Digital Exploitation, Online Safety, Generative AI

---

Generative AI tools are being adopted rapidly but their understanding and usage among users, particularly women, is not comprehensive

Supporting facts:

• ChatGPT reached 100 million users quickly

• 55% of women in a webinar knew about Gen AI but have not used it

• Only 25% of those who knew about it were actually using it

Topics: Generative AI, Gender disparity, Technology Adoption

---

Cultural intolerance of sexism and stereotyping needs to be addressed

Supporting facts:

• Even though younger generations in the Philippines are showing promising changes, sexism and stereotyping is still widely present in the society

Topics: Sexism, Stereotyping, Cultural norms

---

Digital technologies play a crucial role in every facet of what we do

Topics: Digital Technologies, Role of Technology

---

Lack of diversity, including gender and race, in the development and governance of technologies poses a societal risk

Topics: Diversity in Tech, Gender Equality, Racial Diversity

---

Exclusion of women and minority communities from technology spaces has implications beyond economic loss

Topics: Gender Equality, Economic Impact, Societal Risk

---

Gina Romero believes in the essentiality of diversity in company boards.

Supporting facts:

• The board under discussion presently composed of only white males.

• Few voices in the room pushing for more diversity.

Topics: Board Diversity, Corporate Governance

---

Certain professions, like journalism, are more susceptible to technology-facilitated gender-based violence

Supporting facts:

• Mention of a prominent female journalist in the Philippines who was harassed during the 2016 elections due to perceived bias.

Topics: technology-facilitated gender-based violence, journalism

---

Silencing women journalists can be detrimental to democracy

Supporting facts:

• Discussion of the impact of trying to silence a woman journalist during the 2016 Philippine elections.

Topics: democracy, journalism, women’s rights

---

Report

The analysis of the provided statements highlights various issues related to gender equality and the impact of technology. Connected Women, an organization focusing on digital inclusion and upskilling for women in the AI industry, has trained over 1,000 women in entry-level roles such as data annotation.

Ethical treatment of digital micro-workers, data literacy, and the risks associated with generative AI tools are also important concerns. Comprehensive education about the functionality and risks of AI tools is needed, particularly for women. The lack of safety considerations and diverse representation in AI development raises concerns.

Users’ unawareness of data utilization in AI tools and cultural stereotypes need to be addressed. Men’s active opposition to sexism is encouraged. Lack of diversity in technology development and governance poses societal risks. Addressing these issues is crucial for promoting gender equality and creating an inclusive society in the face of technological advancements.

Arguments

Awareness and workforce training is crucial to combat Technology-Facilited Gender-Based Violence

Supporting facts:

• JMF and CIPE’s work focuses on supporting business women in Armenia via digital literacy and security skills training.

• Liana Sargsyan emphasized the significance of digital skills as a tool to perform better in the digital economy for economically disadvantaged women entrepreneurs from remote regions.

Topics: Digital Literacy, Online Harassment, Women entrepreneurs

---

Digitalization of small and medium-sized enterprises is vital for their survival especially during crisis like COVID-19 pandemic

Supporting facts:

• JMF helped many small businesses to survive by shifting to online platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• After the pandemic, the importance of digitalization of SMEs is still crucial.

Topics: Digital transformation, COVID-19 impacts, SMEs

---

Many women entrepreneurs in Armenia have been victims of online gender-based violence and sexual harassment

Supporting facts:

• An anonymous survey among over a hundred Armenian women entrepreneurs showed that around 19% have been targeted online in the workplace and almost 11% have witnessed other women being targeted.

• Around 6.2% reported being subjected to repeated technology-assisted harms in the workplace.

• These incidents caused harm, including mental and emotional distress, leaving them feeling unsafe and embarrassed.

Topics: Technology facilitated harms, Gender-based Violence, Online Harassment

---

The prevalence of technology facilitated harms negatively impacts the economic opportunities for women entrepreneurs

Supporting facts:

• Many women reported losing their motivation, self-confidence and interest in their work, leading to the loss of economic opportunity.

• Women are becoming more cautious about their online interactions to mitigate risks.

Topics: Gender-based Violence, Economic Opportunity, Online Harassment

---

There is a lack of public attention towards increasing cases of online violence

Supporting facts:

• Survey findings show most respondents say there is neglect by the public on the online violence issue

• Incidents remain unreported

• Around 30% respondents unsure if their reporting would help or things would change

Topics: Online violence, Public awareness

---

Lack of systematic solution to address issue of online violence

Supporting facts:

• Stakeholders fail to address this issue with a systematic solution

• Lack of trust in the effectiveness of reporting

• Fear of retaliation

Topics: Online violence, Solution, Responding mechanism

---

Not all forms of online harassment are taken seriously; some even perceived as normal

Supporting facts:

• Around 30% of women were uncertain whether certain behaviour was serious

• Many forms of online harassment are not taken seriously and perceived as normal

Topics: Online harassment, Perception, Normalization

---

The legal framework in Armenia does not sufficiently address technology facilitated harms

Supporting facts:

• In Armenia, the legal framework is dominated

• There is no specific law that addresses technology facilitated harms

• No legal mechanism is in place to enforce and punish offenders

Topics: Armenia, Legal Framework, Technology Facilitated Harms

---

Organizations should include gender diversity as an ongoing effort to educate both men and women.

Supporting facts:

• SAI has encouraged them as an organization to integrate this component into their work.

• A global and local strategy is needed.

• Certain things need to come from the top.

Topics: Gender Diversity, Organizational Culture

---

Changing mindset and culture plays a crucial role in implementing gender diversity.

Supporting facts:

• Many issues come from the local mentality and culture.

• Changing minds is the first step towards change.

Topics: Cultural Values, Change Management

---

Report

The analysis highlights several key points regarding the importance of digital literacy and online safety for women entrepreneurs in Armenia. The Genesian Memorial Foundation (JMF) and CIPE focus on supporting business women through digital skills training. Liana Sargsyan, from JMF, emphasises the significance of digital skills as a tool to perform better in the digital economy for economically disadvantaged women entrepreneurs from remote regions.

Despite efforts to empower women through digital literacy, it is revealed that many women in Armenia have experienced online gender-based violence and harassment. An anonymous survey among over a hundred Armenian women entrepreneurs showed that around 19% have been targeted online in the workplace, and almost 11% have witnessed other women being targeted.

Incidents of online harassment have caused harm, including mental and emotional distress, leaving women feeling unsafe and embarrassed. The prevalence of technology-facilitated harms negatively impacts the economic opportunities for women entrepreneurs. Many women reported losing their motivation, self-confidence, and interest in their work, leading to the loss of economic opportunity.

Women are becoming more cautious about their online interactions to mitigate risks. There is a lack of public attention towards increasing cases of online violence. Survey findings show that most respondents say there is neglect by the public on the issue of online violence.

Incidents often remain unreported, with around 30% of respondents unsure if reporting would help or bring about change. Stakeholders have failed to address this issue with a systematic solution, resulting in a lack of trust in the effectiveness of reporting and fear of retaliation.

The legal framework in Armenia does not sufficiently address technology-facilitated harms. There is no specific law that addresses this issue, and no legal mechanism is in place to enforce and punish offenders. As a result, women in Armenia do not report cases of technology-facilitated harms due to a lack of faith in the existing system.

Even when violations are reported, there is often no solution due to the lack of enforcement mechanisms. Organisations should include gender diversity as an ongoing effort to educate both men and women. The Strategicus Advisory Institute (SAI) encourages organisations to integrate gender diversity into their work, emphasising the need for a global and local strategy.

Changing mindset and culture play a crucial role in implementing gender diversity. The analysis concludes that awareness, training, and protection against technology-facilitated violence are crucial to empower women and foster their economic growth. Efforts to support women entrepreneurs in Armenia should focus on digital literacy and online safety.

Furthermore, there is a need for public attention, a systematic solution, and a stronger legal framework to address the issue of online gender-based violence. Finally, organisations should actively promote gender diversity and work towards changing cultural mentality to ensure equal opportunities for men and women.

Arguments

High incidence of digital gender violence among women in Columbia

Supporting facts:

• A survey conducted by the Observatory for Women’s Equity found that 53% of women recognize themselves as victims of digital violence

• Many women, 47%, do not even know that digital violence exists.

• 35% of women receive inappropriate sexual content on the internet

Topics: Digital Violence, Gender Violence, Businesswomen

---

Digital tools can help women to balance reproductive work with productive work

Supporting facts:

• During the pandemic, digital tools were useful in allowing women in Colombia to work from home

Topics: Digital tools, Women, Work-life balance

---

Women feel insecure in a digital environment

Supporting facts:

• A survey revealed that 80% of women in Colombia feel insecure in a digital environment

Topics: Women, Digital insecurity

---

The issue of gender digital violence is challenging to measure

Supporting facts:

• Initiated with digital surveys but got low response

• Had to shift to telephonic surveys which cost more

• Telephonic surveys were followed up with focus groups and other qualitative strategies

Topics: gender digital violence, research methods

---

Need to push regulation to combat gender violence

Supporting facts:

• Regulatory reforms in Colombia and Latin America have helped to name and understand violence, playing an important role in cultural transformation.

Topics: gender violence, regulations, laws

---

Enterprises lack procedures and protocols to address gender digital violence

Supporting facts:

• Surveys show that women often don’t report incidents because their employers lack the necessary protocols or mechanisms.

Topics: corporate responsibility, gender digital violence

---

Tech industry should play a vital role in combating digital gender violence

Supporting facts:

• Technology can act as an ally by sending alerts of risky conduct similar to those in the financial sector, hence needing a gender design of tech infrastructure.

Topics: tech industry, digital gender violence

---

A broad alliance involving academia, stakeholders, policymakers, and private enterprises is needed to combat gender digital violence.

Supporting facts:

• Academia has a role in pushing for more women in STEAM and tech industry.

• Policymakers can push for regulatory and legal changes.

• Private enterprises can help transform cultural norms and build pedagogical tools to understand gender digital violence.

• Surveys can also serve as pedagogical tools, helping women to recognize and understand specific actions as digital violence.

Topics: Gender digital violence, Intersectionality, Coalition building, Policy change, Legal reform, Private sector involvement

---

Importance of speaking up and increasing representation

Supporting facts:

• Lina emphasizes on the need to speak up

• Appreciates the space for multiple voices from different sectors

Topics: Representation, Diversity, Inclusion

---

Report

A survey conducted by the Observatory for Women’s Equity in Colombia has revealed concerning statistics regarding digital gender violence. The survey found that 53% of women in Colombia identify themselves as victims of digital violence, including cyberbullying, harassment, and the non-consensual distribution of explicit content.

Shockingly, 47% of women surveyed were unaware of the existence of digital violence, indicating a lack of awareness and understanding of the issue. Additionally, the survey discovered that 35% of women in Colombia receive inappropriate sexual content online. This kind of digital violence not only invades women’s privacy but also contributes to the objectification and commodification of their bodies.

The high prevalence of digital gender violence has significant implications for women’s economic autonomy. Only 11% of female victims reported incidents of digital violence within their organizations. This lack of reporting often results in women blocking the aggressor or feeling inhibited in engaging with social networks within the economic environment.

Failing to address these incidents perpetuates a culture of silence and tolerance towards gender-based violence. Despite the challenges, digital tools have proven valuable resources for women in Colombia during the pandemic. These tools have allowed women to work from home and balance reproductive and productive work responsibilities.

However, the survey revealed that 80% of women feel insecure in the digital environment, highlighting the urgent need for secure and safe online spaces for women. Measuring gender digital violence is a complex undertaking, as evidenced by the difficulties encountered during the survey.

Initially, digital surveys were deployed, but the low response rate prompted a shift to more costly telephonic surveys, which achieved better engagement. Complementing the survey data, focus groups and other qualitative strategies were employed to gain deeper insights into the issue.

Regulatory reforms in Colombia and Latin America have played a critical role in naming and understanding gender-based violence, fostering cultural transformation. However, many enterprises lack the necessary protocols or mechanisms to address gender digital violence. This corporate responsibility gap often leads women to refrain from reporting incidents due to a lack of support and procedures.

The tech industry has the potential to be a key ally in combating digital gender violence. By designing tech infrastructure with a gender perspective, technology can detect and alert risky behavior, similar to systems used in the financial sector. This highlights the need for a gender-inclusive approach to tech design prioritizing women’s safety and well-being.

Effectively addressing gender digital violence requires the collective effort of diverse stakeholders. A broad alliance involving academia, policymakers, and private enterprises is necessary. Academia can promote more women in science, technology, engineering, arts, and math (STEAM) fields and the tech industry.

Policymakers can advocate for regulatory and legal changes that protect women’s rights and hold perpetrators accountable. Private enterprises can transform cultural norms and develop pedagogical tools for raising awareness and understanding of gender digital violence. It is vital to recognize that gender digital violence is not only a violence issue but also an economic issue.

It undermines women’s economic autonomy, pushing them out of economic opportunities and perpetuating inequalities. Therefore, addressing this issue is crucial for achieving gender equality and promoting decent work and economic growth. Increasing representation and diversity are important steps in combating gender digital violence.

By creating spaces for multiple voices and perspectives, we can ensure women’s experiences are heard and accounted for. This inclusivity can lead to more effective policies and interventions addressing the specific challenges faced by women in the digital world. In conclusion, the survey conducted in Colombia highlights the prevalence of digital gender violence and its detrimental impact on women’s lives.

Urgent action is needed to create secure and safe online spaces, develop protocols and procedures within organizations to address gender digital violence, and promote a gender-inclusive approach to tech design. Building alliances among academia, policymakers, and the private sector is crucial to effectively combat gender digital violence and promote gender equality.

Arguments

There’s an increasing number of women in decision-making positions in the tech sector in Georgia

Supporting facts:

• The number of women in tech in Georgia was significantly lower 5-10 years ago

• Women are now in executive level and decision making positions in tech in Georgia

Topics: gender equality, technology sector, leadership

---

Technological solutions can be biased by gender-based assumptions

Supporting facts:

• She mentions the topic of artificial intelligence and gender-based assumptions

Topics: Bias in technology, Gender-based assumptions, Artificial Intelligence

---

Positive impact of tech-related education targeting women

Supporting facts:

• Education for women, specifically related to technology, being provided for free

• Year over year, representation of women in the workforce has been influenced positively by education

Topics: Education, Gender equality, Women empowerment

---

Active discussion on cybersecurity in Georgia

Supporting facts:

• Leaving footprint in a lot of organizations like financials, insurance companies

Topics: Cybersecurity, data management, data governance

---

Data mismanagement in organizations makes people vulnerable

Supporting facts:

• If data is not managed and governed properly, anyone can get access to it

Topics: Data protection, vulnerability

---

Lack of knowledge and literacy about data protection and risks

Supporting facts:

• People don’t pay much attention to disclosing more data to companies which becomes a risk

Topics: Literacy, data protection, risks

---

Tech tools and AI models, largely designed by men, can reflect gender bias.

Supporting facts:

• Most tech tools and AI models are designed by men.

• Gender bias can be propagated by tech tools and AI models if the input data reflects such bias.

Topics: gender bias, AI, technology

---

Women need to be involved in designing and using tech tools.

Supporting facts:

• CTO of OpenAI, Mira Murati, a woman who is breaking the stereotypes.

• When women are contributing in a positive way, it influences society in a positive way.

Topics: women in technology, gender equality

---

Education and role models key to encouraging more women in tech.

Supporting facts:

• Nino Gvazava’s student girls were influenced to pursue a career in tech by her speeches and articles.

• Women getting inspiration from successful women figures.

Topics: education, women in tech, role models

---

Men need to equally contribute at home to allow women more time to invest in business and economical activities

Supporting facts:

• Research in Georgia shows that men spend five times less effort on family work and childcare than women do.

• This inequitable division of labor results in women having significantly less time to devote to their careers and businesses.

Topics: Contributions at Home, Female Empowerment, Work-Life Balance

---

Technology can be a real equalizer, especially for women.

Supporting facts:

• Technologies allow for work from home and flexible work schedules, which are particularly beneficial for women.

• However, proper awareness and knowledge about these technologies are required.

Topics: Work from Home, Technologies, Agile Working Hours

---

Technology brings both opportunities and risks to society.

Topics: Technology, Society, Risks

---

Platforms like these provide the opportunity to discuss and tackle risks.

Topics: Discussion Platforms, Risk Management

---

Progress is being made towards gender equality.

Topics: Gender Equality

---

Report

Upon analysing the provided statements, several noteworthy observations emerge regarding the increasing presence of women in decision-making positions in the tech sector in Georgia. This positive trend reflects a significant shift from the low representation of women in tech observed 5 to 10 years ago.

The current landscape now sees women occupying executive-level roles and actively contributing to the transformation of Georgian enterprises into tech-driven entities. The positive impact of tech-related education targeting women is emphasised as a catalyst for increasing representation in the workforce.

Free education, specifically focused on technology for women, has led to a year-on-year improvement in the representation of women in tech careers. The accessibility of such education has been instrumental in empowering women to pursue careers in the sector. However, concerns are raised about potential gender bias in technology, particularly in relation to artificial intelligence (AI) and gender-based assumptions.

It is highlighted that tech tools and AI models, predominantly designed by men, can unintentionally perpetuate gender bias if the input data reflects such biases. This issue underscores the need for diversity and inclusivity in the design and development of tech solutions.

Active discussions surrounding cybersecurity and data protection in Georgia are also evident. The focus is on the proper management and governance of data to safeguard against vulnerability. It is asserted that if data is not managed and governed appropriately, anyone can gain access to it, posing risks to individuals and organizations alike.

The analysis also reveals a concerning lack of knowledge and literacy about data protection and risks. The general public is not paying adequate attention to the disclosure of personal data to companies, leading to increased vulnerabilities. Addressing this issue requires greater awareness and education about data protection to mitigate the risks associated with data mismanagement.

On a broader level, it is argued that women must be actively involved in both the design and use of technology. It is highlighted that when women contribute in a positive way to the development and use of tech tools, society benefits as a whole.

Education and the presence of role models are identified as critical factors in encouraging more women to enter the tech industry. Furthermore, the issue of financial equality for women, particularly concerning heritage, is addressed. It is revealed that in Georgia, only 25% of women receive heritage from their parents, while all men do.

This disparity limits women’s opportunities for entrepreneurship and business activities. It is noted that financial equality is a crucial component of gender equality. The analysis also sheds light on the unequal division of family responsibilities between men and women. Research conducted in Georgia indicates that men spend significantly less effort on family work and childcare compared to women.

This imbalance leads to women having less time available for their careers and businesses. To address this, there is a call for men to equally contribute at home, allowing women more time to invest in business and economic activities. Technology is recognized as a potential equalizer, particularly for women, as it enables work from home and flexible schedules.

However, it is acknowledged that proper awareness and knowledge about these technologies are necessary to fully harness their benefits. In conclusion, progress has been made towards gender equality in the tech sector in Georgia, with an increase in women holding decision-making positions.

However, ongoing efforts are needed to address potential risks and biases associated with technology. Platforms for discussion and risk management are deemed essential in tackling these challenges and ensuring that the benefits of technology are inclusive and accessible to all.

Arguments

Geographical location, economic development, technology advance, infrastructure, over-concern of security, capability of community, geopolitical situation are factors causing digital debates or vulnerabilities

Topics: Geography, Economy, Technology, Infrastructure, Security, Geopolitics

---

Economic development, capacity building, simple moral thinking, harmonious global governance, resource sharing, multi-channel investment, reevaluation of intellectual property protection, and government involvement can resolve digital debates or vulnerabilities.

Supporting facts:

• The European Union has regulated aspects of digital debates and vulnerabilities

Topics: Economy, Capacity Building, Moral conduct, Global Governance, Resource sharing, Investment, Intellectual Property, Government Intervention

---

Report

The speakers in the discussion acknowledged several factors that contribute to digital debates or vulnerabilities. These factors include geographic location, economic development, technology advancement, infrastructure, and security concerns. Each of these factors plays a significant role in shaping the digital landscape and can influence the occurrence or vulnerability of digital debates.

Moreover, the speakers emphasized the importance of addressing these issues through various means. Economic development was highlighted as a powerful tool in overcoming digital debates or vulnerabilities. By investing in industries, innovation, and infrastructure (as outlined in SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), societies can strengthen their digital capabilities and reduce the potential for debates or vulnerabilities.

Capacity building was also emphasized as a way to address these challenges. This entails developing the skills and knowledge required to effectively navigate the digital landscape. It ensures that individuals and communities are equipped to make informed decisions and are less likely to fall victim to vulnerabilities or participate in debates that may arise.

The speakers also stressed the significance of global governance and cooperation in resolving these issues. Harmonious global governance ensures that clear rules and regulations are in place to address digital debates or vulnerabilities. Moreover, resource sharing and multi-channel investment were highlighted as ways to foster cooperation and strengthen digital capabilities across nations.

This approach aligns with SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals, which emphasizes the importance of global cooperation in achieving sustainable development. Additionally, the reevaluation of intellectual property protection was identified as a solution. By reassessing current frameworks and striking a balance between protection and accessibility, societies can foster innovation and progress while addressing digital debates or vulnerabilities.

It is worth noting that the speakers expressed concerns over market-oriented solutions. They emphasized the importance of shared spirit and global cooperation in effectively addressing digital debates or vulnerabilities. Moreover, they acknowledged that those left behind in the digital landscape can become a security concern for those who are ahead.

This observation highlights the need for collective action and inclusive approaches to ensure that no one is left behind. In conclusion, addressing digital debates or vulnerabilities requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach. Factors such as geographic location, economic development, and technology advancement shape the digital landscape and contribute to these challenges.

However, through economic development, capacity building, global governance, resource sharing, and reevaluation of intellectual property protections, societies can effectively navigate and overcome these issues. By promoting global cooperation and shared spirit, stakeholders can work together to create a more secure and inclusive digital environment for all.

Arguments

Integration of regulatory and technical elements of cybersecurity into the indicator is vital

Supporting facts:

• An inclusive indicator about risks and exposure to digital risks would be useful

• Such an indicator would raise awareness among various actors and stakeholders of the digitalization phenomenon

Topics: Data Protection, Cybersecurity, Digital Risks

---

Feasibility and usability of the indicator in different contexts is a major concern

Supporting facts:

• The quality of data in developing countries is often inferior compared to developed countries

• Some aspects of digital vulnerability can be measured in developed nations but not in less developed or developing nations

Topics: Digitalization, Cybersecurity, Data Availability

---

Report

The participants in the discussion emphasize the importance of an inclusive indicator that encompasses digital risks and exposure. They argue that such an indicator would be beneficial in raising awareness among various actors and stakeholders about the phenomenon of digitalization.

However, integrating regulatory and technical elements of cybersecurity into this indicator is seen as vital by the participants. Without incorporating these elements, the indicator may not accurately reflect the true nature of digital risks and exposure. Including regulatory and technical aspects, the indicator can provide a comprehensive view of potential risks and vulnerabilities in the digital landscape.

On the other hand, there are concerns about the feasibility and usability of this indicator in different contexts. The quality of data in developing countries is often inferior compared to developed countries. This discrepancy poses a challenge in accurately measuring and assessing digital vulnerability in these nations.

The lack of reliable data may hinder the effectiveness of the indicator in identifying and addressing digital risks and exposure in developing countries. Another important point raised is the changing nature of digital vulnerability with the progress of digitalization. Initially, vulnerabilities may be linked to material infrastructure, such as physical devices and networks.

However, as digitalization advances, the focus shifts towards cyber threats. The increasing reliance on digital systems and networks makes them more susceptible to large amplitude cyber-attacks. These attacks have the potential to not only disrupt the digital system but also impact the economy as a whole.

In conclusion, the participants agree on the usefulness of an inclusive indicator for digital risks and exposure. It would provide valuable insights and awareness among stakeholders regarding the phenomenon of digitalization. However, the challenges of integrating regulatory and technical elements of cybersecurity, as well as the feasibility and usability of the indicator in different contexts, should be carefully considered.

The changing nature of digital vulnerability further highlights the importance of addressing cyber threats as digitalization progresses. Overall, this discussion sheds light on the complexities and considerations associated with measuring and mitigating digital risks and exposure.

Arguments

There is an increasing number of digital threats, including digital attacks against important sectors of society, disinformation, and fake news.

Supporting facts:

• Cyber attacks target critical sectors

• Majority of these digital threats are not only harmful but targeted

• Introduction of COVID-19 brought about increase of cyber attacks on health sector

Topics: cyber security, digital threats, disinformation, fake news

---

The cyber security landscape causes impacts on technology and financial realms, with limited analysis of social and human impacts on vulnerable communities.

Supporting facts:

• Cyber threats have financial implications

• There is currently a limitation in the analysis of the impact of cyber threats

• Vulnerable communities are hit harder by the impacts of cyber threats

Topics: cyber security, technology, finance, vulnerable communities, human impact, social impact

---

An impact-based approach is necessary for accurate risk analysis and understanding vulnerabilities.

Supporting facts:

• Impact-based approach aids in understanding of vulnerabilities

• Such approach can predict potential consequences of a threat

Topics: risk analysis, cyber security, vulnerabilities

---

Non-material cyber threats and vulnerabilities can have a significant impact.

Supporting facts:

• Examples of non-material cyber threats include harmful software, phishing and propagation of fake news

• Cyber threats can have serious implications, including financial and operational disruption

Topics: cyber threats, non-material cyber threats, vulnerabilities, impact

---

Critical sectors and infrastructure are major targets for cyber attacks, and vulnerability mapping at the ecosystem level is needed.

Supporting facts:

• During the COVID-19 pandemic, many cyber attacks targeted the health sector

• There are various kinds of threats affecting different stakeholders depending on their role within the ecosystem

Topics: critical sectors, cyber attacks, vulnerability mapping, ecosystem

---

Adding regulatory element is vital for Digital Vulnerability Index

Supporting facts:

• The current legal frameworks are often outdated or non-existent

• A digital vulnerability index must account for the legal or regulatory framework

Topics: Regulation, Digital Vulnerability Index, Cybersecurity

---

Regulation in the digital area is beyond just the legal aspect

Supporting facts:

• The speed of technology development outpaces the time it takes to legislate for new developments

• Voluntary compliance with norms and standards can be a type of regulation

Topics: Digital Regulation, Compliance, Technology

---

Report

The analysis reveals several key points and arguments related to digital threats and cybersecurity. Firstly, there is a growing number of digital threats, including attacks on critical sectors, disinformation, and fake news. These threats are not only harmful but also specifically targeted, posing significant challenges to society.

Furthermore, the impact of these threats extends beyond technology and finance, with limited analysis of their social and human impacts on vulnerable communities. Cybersecurity has financial implications, and the current understanding of the impact of cyber threats is lacking. Vulnerable communities are disproportionately affected by these threats, exacerbating existing inequalities.

To accurately assess risks and vulnerabilities, an impact-based approach is essential. This approach aids in understanding vulnerabilities and predicting potential consequences of threats. By adopting this approach, organisations and policymakers can gain more accurate insights into the risks they face in the digital landscape.

The analysis also highlights the importance of collaboration between the development assistance and cybersecurity communities. Currently, these communities work in isolation, and there are limited integration efforts to incorporate cybersecurity aspects into development assistance programmes. By bringing them together, there is an opportunity for more effective handling of digital vulnerabilities.

Additionally, non-material cyber threats and vulnerabilities can have significant implications. Examples of non-material threats include harmful software, phishing, and the propagation of fake news. These threats can cause financial and operational disruptions, emphasising the importance of addressing them. Critical sectors and infrastructure are prime targets for cyber attacks.

Mapping vulnerabilities at the ecosystem level is crucial to identify and mitigate potential risks. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many cyber attacks specifically targeted the health sector, underscoring the need for comprehensive vulnerability mapping. To accurately assess digital vulnerability, a regulatory element is vital.

The existing legal frameworks often lag behind technological advancements, and a digital vulnerability index must consider the legal and regulatory environment in which threats occur. Furthermore, data utilisation and management regulations play an instrumental role in addressing digital threats. The monetisation of data tends to benefit powerful actors while restricting access for smaller start-ups.

Existing documents highlight principles for data regulation but lack specific regulations. In parts of Africa, data adoption is limited due to various factors, indicating the need for more comprehensive regulations. The Digital Vulnerability Index, which aims to assess digital vulnerability, should be user-friendly to ensure its efficient application.

For example, start-ups can use this index to understand and address vulnerabilities without relying on external financial assistance. Decision makers can easily integrate this index into their decision-making process. The analysis also uncovers the prevalence of new forms of digital divide, where users in regions such as Senegal may have stable internet connections but are confronted with new divides related to internet content.

The lack of clear regulations for content such as TikTok and WhatsApp prevents users from accessing educational content, exacerbating inequalities. Lastly, the analysis emphasises the need to consider the ethical dimension in digital regulation. As technology advances rapidly, legislation often struggles to keep pace.

It is important to envision the type of world we want to live in and ensure that digital regulations align with ethical considerations and human rights. In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis highlights the increasing number of digital threats and the need for robust cybersecurity measures.

It calls for collaboration between the development assistance and cybersecurity communities, an impact-based approach for risk analysis and vulnerability assessment, and the incorporation of a regulatory element in the Digital Vulnerability Index. Additionally, data utilisation and management regulations, user-friendliness of the index, addressing new forms of digital divide, and ethical considerations in digital regulation are crucial for creating a secure and equitable digital landscape.

Arguments

Digital technologies are central and are structurally transforming our world, requiring a change in our paradigm

Supporting facts:

• The evolution of digital technologies is such that the world we live in is changing on a structural level

Topics: Digital technology, Innovation, Transformation

---

An indicator for digital vulnerability is important to guide decision making and policy implementation

Supporting facts:

• The Digital Vulnerability Indicator can have a concrete result in directing policy actions.

Topics: Digital vulnerability indicator, Decision making, Policy Implementation

---

Report

The rapid advancement and evolution of digital technologies have brought about structural changes in our world. This transformation necessitates a shift in our paradigm to effectively adapt to the new landscape. These digital technologies have become central to our lives and are driving significant changes in various sectors such as communication, economy, and societal interactions.

The positive sentiment towards this change highlights the potential benefits and opportunities that digital technologies offer. Furthermore, the concept of vulnerability assumes great importance when considering the pursuit of inclusive agendas and focusing on humanity. It is recognised that the survival and flourishing of humanity depend on creating a better world.

In this context, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have emphasised the need for concrete actions to promote inclusiveness. This positive sentiment highlights the recognition of vulnerabilities and the importance of addressing them for the betterment of society. The prism of vulnerability acts as a lens through which we can identify and address the inequalities and challenges that different communities face.

In the realm of digital vulnerability, an indicator for measuring the extent of vulnerability becomes paramount in guiding decision-making and policy implementation. This positive sentiment underscores the importance of having a concrete and reliable metric to identify areas of vulnerability and to formulate targeted strategies to address them.

With the increasing reliance on digital technologies, the indicator for digital vulnerability can help direct policy actions towards building a safe and secure digital environment. Another noteworthy observation is the shift in focus from a punitive approach to a preventive approach in terms of regulation.

Rather than solely relying on sanctions, the focus now lies in preserving what we have and sharing the responsibility among different sectors and actors. This positive sentiment reflects the recognition that prevention is better than punishment when it comes to regulating digital technologies.

By encouraging responsible behaviour and creating a culture of accountability, the aim is to foster a secure and sustainable digital ecosystem. In conclusion, the transformative power of digital technologies necessitates a change in our mindset and approaches to adapt to the evolving world.

Recognising vulnerability, pursuing inclusiveness, and implementing measures to address digital vulnerabilities are crucial in navigating this new landscape. The shift towards a preventive approach in regulation further reinforces the need to prioritise preservation and responsibility. By embracing these changes, we can harness the potential of digital technologies to create a better and more inclusive world.

Arguments

African entrepreneur helped develop digital technologies over a period of four years and published a book on the topic

Supporting facts:

• The entrepreneur’s book focuses on the process of digitalization specifically in sub-Saharan Africa and the impact of mobile technology.

• The entrepreneur’s work also led to the development of a business incubator.

Topics: African entrepreneurship, Digitalization, Digital Divide, Infrastructure

---

The digital divide is a major obstacle to the complete exploitation of digital potential

Supporting facts:

• The digital divide is hindering the scaling of innovations and limiting access to technology.

Topics: Digitalization, Digital Divide, Infrastructure

---

Interest in specific digital issues through the prism of vulnerability

Supporting facts:

• Digital sector’s transversal nature is transforming lifestyles

• Convergence between technological advancements in different fields leads to constant innovation

Topics: Digital Vulnerability, Digital Technologies

---

The need for a digital vulnerability indicator to accompany public policy and assistance in decision making

Supporting facts:

• Changes in understanding regulatory frameworks necessitates change in understanding the world and its phenomena

• Existence of sustainable development goals to underline the required concrete actions

Topics: Digital Vulnerability Indicator, Public Policy

---

Regulations and conformity important in addressing digital issues

Supporting facts:

• Legal, Technical, and Ethical conformity are required for major goals like SDGs

Topics: Regulations, Digital Technologies

---

The current legal framework within economic communities is not harmonized or sometimes non-existent.

Supporting facts:

• In Sub-Saharan Africa, cybercrimes occurred due to lack of regulations.

Topics: Legal framework, Economic Communities

---

Digital vulnerability index needs to take into account a legal or regulatory framework.

Supporting facts:

• Adding a regulatory dimension can help reuse public data and organize partnerships between public and private sectors.

Topics: Digital vulnerability index, Regulatory framework

---

Data availability and its use is not equitable and creates gaps in digital vulnerability.

Supporting facts:

• Startups who want to have access to some data cannot have it.

Topics: Data availability, Digital vulnerability

---

Internet content needs to be regulated to reduce digital divide.

Supporting facts:

• Senegal is a country where internet connection is stable, but content usage does not educate the population.

• Usage of platforms like TikTok and WhatsApp are not contributing to education.

Topics: Internet content, Digital divide

---

Current regulatory framework for digital technologies is far less developed than the economic regulations

Supporting facts:

• Historically, efforts around international and national economic regulations have been taking place for hundreds of years, which is not the case for digital issues

• Digital rights do not currently exist

Topics: Digital rights, Digital technologies, Regulations

---

Regulatory flexibility could lead to a monopoly on providing digital services and infrastructure by private actors

Supporting facts:

• French startup Open Terms Archive analyses and compares terms and conditions set for various applications across countries, showing different rules for the developed and developing parts of the world

• Plurilateral negotiations within WTO on e-services mostly lack representation from African countries

Topics: Public-private partnerships, Digital services, Infrastructure

---

Report

In this analysis, various speakers examine different aspects of digitalization in sub-Saharan Africa and its impact on the region. One of the key points highlighted is the role of mobile technology in driving digitalization in sub-Saharan Africa, in contrast to the prevalence of wired systems in North America and Europe.

This mobile tech approach is considered essential in overcoming infrastructure issues and enabling access to digital technologies. The digital divide is a major concern raised by the speakers, as it hinders the full exploitation of digital potential in the region.

The scaling of innovations is impeded, and access to technology is limited due to this digital divide. The speakers emphasize the need to address this issue to ensure equal access and opportunities for all. Research on digital vulnerabilities is deemed crucial, with speakers highlighting the lack of focus on addressing vulnerabilities resulting from technological dependency.

They point out that current university-based research primarily focuses on reducing the digital divide, neglecting the vulnerabilities associated with technological advancement. The need for a digital vulnerability indicator to accompany public policy decision-making is also emphasized. This indicator would assist in identifying and addressing digital vulnerabilities effectively.

The speakers argue that a regulatory dimension should be included in the digital vulnerability index to facilitate the reuse of public data and foster partnerships between the public and private sectors. Regulations and conformity are deemed essential in addressing digital issues.

It is emphasized that legal, technical, and ethical conformity is required to achieve major goals such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The speakers contend that the current regulatory framework for digital technologies is less developed compared to economic regulations, and there is a need to bridge this gap.

The speakers also highlight the importance of digital rights, which currently do not exist. Efforts towards international and national economic regulations have been taking place for many years, but the same level of development is lacking for digital issues. They argue for the development of digital rights to protect individuals and address the challenges arising from digitalization.

Concrete actions and the use of a digital vulnerability indicator are seen as crucial, but it is noted that these need to be usable on political and diplomatic stages. The speakers acknowledge the difficulties faced in developing countries and least developed countries (LDCs) in the digital sector’s development and stress the importance of considering time and condition differences when utilizing the same tools in different countries.

The analysis also raises concerns about potential monopolies on providing digital services and infrastructure by private actors. Regulatory flexibility is seen as a potential risk in allowing these actors to dominate the digital landscape, while representation from African countries in plurilateral negotiations on e-services is deemed inadequate.

In conclusion, the analysis sheds light on various aspects of digitalization in sub-Saharan Africa. It highlights the role of mobile technology, the need to address the digital divide, the importance of research on vulnerabilities, the necessity of a digital vulnerability indicator, the significance of regulations and conformity, the development of digital rights, and the impact of private actors in the digital sector.

These insights provide valuable considerations for policymakers, stakeholders, and organizations working towards achieving sustainable and inclusive digitalization in the region.

Arguments

Frida Owinga is the founder of Fashion Profit.

Supporting facts:

• Fashion Profit is a learning solutions provider.

Topics: Fashion Profit, Entrepreneurial Leadership

---

Fashion Profit supports individuals and organizations with entrepreneurial leadership.

Supporting facts:

• Fashion Profit is based in Nairobi, Kenya since 2009.

• Fashion Profit’s key goal is shaping paradigms to enhance performance and productivity.

Topics: Educational Services, Entrepreneurship

---

Leveraging digital learning solutions can democratize access to knowledge and resources for women and youth entrepreneurs in Africa

Supporting facts:

• Digital learning is accessible to a wider audience and breaks down geographical barriers

• Digital technology is cost-effective and it saves time

Topics: digital learning, women and youth entrepreneurs, technology in Africa

---

Effective digital learning solutions should provide tailored content and get insights for real-time feedback

Supporting facts:

• Women and young people have different learning needs and digital technology enables creating tailored content

• Immediate feedback is possible in digital learning, allowing for quick modifications in content

Topics: Tailored content, Real-time feedback

---

AFCFTA is not an event, but a long-term agreement

Supporting facts:

• The AFCFTA Secretariat is in the process of looking at the protocols

• Life needs to go on while these protocols are being worked on by businesses themselves

Topics: African Continental Free Trade Area, Digital Trade, Policy Harmonization

---

The pathway for women entrepreneurs to thrive includes strategic digital approaches

Supporting facts:

• E-commerce and online marketplaces can consolidate volumes and make businesses more attractive to buyers

• Business support organizations can provide assistance with documentation and regulatory compliance

Topics: Women Entrepreneurs, Digital Strategy

---

Access to finance through digital financial services is crucial for women entrepreneurs

Supporting facts:

• Mobile banking and digital lending platforms provide easier access to capital

• Catalyst Investment Club helps women and youth to access affordable capital

Topics: Digital Finance, Mobile Banking, Women Entrepreneurs

---

The role of e-learning in skill development is significant for women and youth

Supporting facts:

• Access to online training and skill development programs tailored to women and youth is important

• Networking platforms promote learning and growth

Topics: E-Learning, Skill Development, Women and Youth

---

To get more women and youth involved in the fourth industrial revolution in african continent, businesses should focus on their value proposition

Supporting facts:

• Businesses should understand why they are in business and what impact they create

• Businesses should be equipped with a strategy to expand beyond their borders

• A growing business owner should have a structured and compliant business with a competent team

Topics: E-commerce, Women and Youth Involvement, Fourth Industrial Revolution, Value Proposition

---

Report

Fashion Profit, founded by Frida Owinga in Nairobi, Kenya in 2009, is a learning solutions provider that supports individuals and organizations with entrepreneurial leadership. Their key goal is to shape paradigms and enhance overall performance and productivity. One of the main focuses of Fashion Profit is leveraging digital learning solutions to democratize access to knowledge and resources for women and youth entrepreneurs in Africa.

Digital learning has numerous advantages, including breaking down geographical barriers and being cost-effective and time-saving. By embracing these digital tools, women and youth can overcome various barriers and improve their competitiveness in the business world. Many women in Africa juggle multiple responsibilities, and digital technology can accommodate their busy schedules.

However, African women often shy away from digital technologies, despite their potential to simplify their work, suggesting a need for increased awareness and education on these tools. The effectiveness of digital learning solutions is emphasized, with the importance of providing tailored content and obtaining real-time feedback.

Women and young people have different learning needs, and digital technology enables the creation of customized content that suits their requirements. Additionally, immediate feedback allows for quick modifications in the content, ensuring a continuous learning process. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA) is mentioned as a long-term agreement that businesses are working on.

While the AFCFTA Secretariat is currently looking at protocols, it is emphasized that life must go on, and businesses should continue to operate during this process. Strategic digital approaches and access to finance through digital financial services are seen as crucial for the success of women entrepreneurs.

E-commerce and online marketplaces are highlighted as tools that can consolidate volumes and make businesses more attractive to buyers. Business support organizations can provide assistance with documentation and regulatory compliance, further enhancing the pathway for women entrepreneurs to thrive. Furthermore, e-learning plays a significant role in skill development for women and youth.

Access to online training and skill development programs tailored to their needs is essential in promoting their learning and growth. Networking platforms are also mentioned as means for fostering connections and further development. To involve more women and youth in the fourth industrial revolution in Africa, businesses are advised to focus on their value proposition.

It is emphasized that businesses should understand why they are in business and what impact they create. Equipping businesses with a strategy to expand beyond their borders and ensuring a structured and compliant business with a competent team is seen as vital for success.

Ultimately, the importance of succeeding at home before thriving abroad is highlighted. Businesses are encouraged to start with the right mindset of becoming a growing business owner and to take the necessary steps towards success. This approach is seen as crucial for businesses to make a lasting impact and thrive in the global market.

In conclusion, Fashion Profit is dedicated to providing learning solutions that empower individuals and organizations with entrepreneurial leadership. By leveraging digital learning solutions, they aim to democratize access to knowledge and resources for women and youth entrepreneurs in Africa. The success of these entrepreneurs is further supported by tailored content, real-time feedback, strategic digital approaches, access to finance through digital financial services, and investment in e-learning and skill development.

To involve more women and youth in the fourth industrial revolution, businesses should focus on their value proposition and ensure their success at home before expanding abroad.

Arguments

Lack of adoption of digital technologies in Africa

Supporting facts:

• African people trust traditional methods of trade more

• Few countries in Africa have adopted digital trade agreements

• The infrastructure for digital technologies is not sufficient

Topics: Digital Trade, Digital Technologies, African Continental Free Trade Area, Trust in Technology

---

Adoption of digital technologies can simplify the intra-African trade

Supporting facts:

• Digital technologies can democratize access to knowledge and resources, overcoming barriers such as cost and time

• E-commerce platforms like Alibaba, Amazon, Okoku facilitate trading with other countries

Topics: Digital Technologies, Intra-African Trade, AFCFTA

---

Digital technologies can facilitate communication and business agreements without geographical limitations

Supporting facts:

• No need to pay visa fees or travel for business deals

• Can conduct business with anyone regardless of their location, improving the global reach of African businesses

Topics: Digital Technologies, Communication, E-commerce

---

Telling our own stories and positive story about Africa.

Supporting facts:

• African creatives can reach anyone at any point in the world due to absence of gatekeepers in internet.

• Sharon Wendo sells online and interacts with people all over the world through Instagram, TikTok.

Topics: African Creatives, Digital Tools

---

Ensuring inclusion of excluded communities in digital trade

Supporting facts:

• Accessibility to digital trade in Africa is very unequal

Topics: Digital Trade, Inclusion

---

Promotion of digital trade in Africa is still low

Supporting facts:

• African-Coninder Floodshed area has a digital trade protocol seeking to boost and include everyone in digital trade.

Topics: African-Coninder Floodshed area, Digital trade Protocol

---

Need for harmonized digital policies among African countries

Supporting facts:

• Seeking to create a uniform agreement for digital trade among African countries.

Topics: African-Coninder Floodshed area, Digital policies

---

Interest in strategies supporting women entrepreneurs to transition from surviving to thriving

Supporting facts:

Topics: Women Entrepreneurs, African-Coninder Floodshed area

---

Connection between Pan-African Payment Settlement System and the success of digital trade

Supporting facts:

Topics: African-Coninder Floodshed area, PAPS, Digital Trade

---

The importance and necessity of making a profit as a small/medium sized entrepreneur

Supporting facts:

• Women entrepreneurs need to work on their business models, financial models and branding strategies

• AFCFTA is a long-term agreement and there was life before it and will be after it.

Topics: Digital trade platforms, Small-medium businesses, Social media

---

Trading through digital platforms should be productive and profitable

Supporting facts:

• Despite promotion through social media, the focus should be on actual profitability

• Necessity to go beyond followers and concentrate on lead generation strategy for actual selling

Topics: Digital platforms, Business, Profitability

---

Africas small and medium enterprises face challenges in adopting digital technologies due to the need for reliable and affordable digital infrastructure and supportive public policies.

Supporting facts:

• Slow progress in adopting digital technologies reflects the challenges faced by SMES in Africa

• Digital technology can enhance productivity, reduce trade costs, promote inclusive growth and strengthen resilience in business

Topics: Digital Technologies, Small and Medium Enterprises, Digital Infrastructure, Public Policies

---

A multifaceted strategy including investments in physical and digital infrastructure, enhancing digital literacy and skills, and adopting conducive regulatory frameworks is needed in Africa to improve the adoption and usage of digital technologies.

Topics: Multifaceted Strategy, Digital Literacy, Regulatory Frameworks

---

Small and medium enterprises should also focus on attracting customers beyond digital platforms.

Supporting facts:

• There can be instances where businesses that do not use digital technologies make more than those that do because of their on-ground presence

Topics: Customer Attraction, Digital Platforms

---

Report

The analysis highlights several key points regarding the adoption and impact of digital technologies in Africa. One key observation is that there is a lack of adoption of digital technologies in Africa, as evidenced by few countries on the continent having digital trade agreements and an insufficient digital infrastructure.

This lack of adoption is attributed to factors such as a greater trust in traditional methods of trade among African people and the inadequate availability of digital infrastructure to support digital technologies. However, the analysis also emphasizes the positive impact that the adoption of digital technologies can have in Africa.

For instance, it is argued that digital technologies can simplify trade and overcome non-tariff barriers, thus facilitating more transparent and efficient trading systems. Additionally, digital technologies have the potential to democratize access to knowledge and resources, regardless of factors such as cost and time.

Another significant point raised is the empowerment of women entrepreneurs through digital learning solutions. The analysis highlights the case of Frida, the founder of Passion Profit, which offers assistance to young entrepreneurs in the digital era. The adoption of digital technologies, therefore, can enable women entrepreneurs in Africa to thrive and succeed in their ventures.

Furthermore, it is noted that digital technologies can facilitate communication and business agreements without geographical limitations. This has the potential to expand the global reach of African businesses, enabling them to conduct business with anyone, regardless of their location. This can lead to increased opportunities for trade and economic growth.

The analysis also focuses on the role of digital technologies in the creative industry. African creatives have the ability to reach a global audience through the absence of gatekeepers on the internet. Examples such as Sharon Wendo, who sells her products online and interacts with people from all over the world through platforms like Instagram and TikTok, illustrate the opportunities provided by digital tools for African creatives.

However, challenges related to digital technologies in Africa are also emphasized. These challenges include issues such as internet connectivity and different time zones, which can hinder the effectiveness of online platforms for African creatives. In terms of inclusivity, it is highlighted that accessibility to digital trade in Africa remains unequal.

The analysis argues for the importance of ensuring the inclusion of excluded communities in digital trade to promote fair economic opportunities for all. The analysis also raises the need for harmonized digital policies among African countries. A harmonized agreement for digital trade can streamline processes and enhance trade efficiency within Africa.

The need for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to focus on profitability beyond digital platforms is highlighted. It is argued that while the advent of digital technologies and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA) provide opportunities, SMEs must also work on their business and financial models to ensure profitability.

Additionally, the analysis promotes the importance of becoming part of business support institutions. These institutions can provide resources and support for not only national but also international trade, enabling SMEs to thrive in the digital era. Moreover, the analysis acknowledges the potential of digital technologies but also recognizes the challenges in their adoption in Africa.

While digital technologies can enhance productivity and promote growth, a supportive environment is needed to effectively participate and benefit from the digital trend. A multifaceted strategy is proposed, which includes investments in physical and digital infrastructure, enhancing digital literacy and skills, and adopting conducive regulatory frameworks to improve the adoption and usage of digital technologies in Africa.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the opportunities and challenges related to the adoption of digital technologies in Africa. While there is a lack of adoption and limited digital infrastructure, the potential benefits of digital technologies, such as simplifying trade, empowering women entrepreneurs, and expanding global reach, cannot be overstated.

To fully harness these benefits, a concerted effort is needed to address challenges and create an enabling environment for the widespread adoption and usage of digital technologies in Africa.

Arguments

Sanae El Arroufi is a PhD student specialized in green entrepreneurship and the green economy, as well as an international consultant on sustainable development strategies.

Supporting facts:

• Sane is from Morocco

• she is addressing an online gathering of entrepreneurs from various African countries

• her work and expertise lies in climate change actions and innovation

Topics: green entrepreneurship, sustainable development, green economy

---

Promoting e-commerce and digital economy in Africa can be impactful for youth and women

Supporting facts:

• E-commerce platforms provide a low-cost entry point for young entrepreneurs in Africa

• Morocco created the Digital Development Agency in 2020 to support entrepreneurship

Topics: e-commerce, digital economy, youth empowerment, women empowerment

---

Development of digital capabilities fosters a culture of innovation

Supporting facts:

• Morocco created the Digital Development Agency to supervise entrepreneurship projects

Topics: digital capabilities, innovation, entrepreneurship

---

Financial inclusion is a challenge in digital entrepreneurship

Topics: financial inclusion, digital payments, e-commerce

---

Digitalization can help with work-life balance for women

Supporting facts:

• Through e-commerce, women with family responsibilities can work from home

Topics: work-life balance, women empowerment, digitalization

---

Digitalization influences sustainability in businesses

Supporting facts:

• Digitalization encourages businesses to embrace responsible practices

Topics: Sustainability, Digitalization, Businesses

---

Report

Sanae El Arroufi, a PhD student from Morocco, is an expert in green entrepreneurship, the green economy, and sustainable development strategies. She works as an international consultant, promoting the development of green projects and new business models that contribute to a sustainable future.

Sanae El Arroufi supports initiatives aligned with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). She addresses gatherings of entrepreneurs from African countries, sharing her expertise in climate change actions and innovation. Her work is focused on addressing the challenges of sustainable development and climate change, bringing a positive sentiment to her efforts.

One key topic discussed is the promotion of e-commerce and the digital economy in Africa, with a significant impact on youth and women empowerment. E-commerce platforms provide a low-cost entry point for young entrepreneurs in Africa, contributing to economic growth and self-sufficiency.

Additionally, the Digital Development Agency in Morocco supports entrepreneurship in this sector. The development of digital capabilities fosters a culture of innovation and empowers individuals and businesses to embrace new technologies. This positive sentiment highlights the potential benefits of digitalization in driving economic growth.

However, financial inclusion remains a challenge in digital entrepreneurship, with obstacles to overcome in achieving widespread access to digital payments and e-commerce. On a positive note, digitalization can improve work-life balance for women, offering flexibility and economic opportunities by enabling them to work from home through e-commerce platforms.

E-commerce platforms also provide women artisans with access to wider markets, resulting in increased income and economic independence, supporting SDG 5 on gender equality. Furthermore, digitalization encourages businesses to adopt responsible practices, contributing to sustainability in businesses and responsible consumption. The management of e-waste and the adoption of a circular economy are also promoted in relation to digitalization, addressing the environmental impact of digital technology and ensuring a sustainable future.

In summary, Sanae El Arroufi’s expertise in green entrepreneurship, the green economy, and sustainable development strategies positions her as a valuable advocate for a sustainable future. The topics discussed, including e-commerce and the digital economy, financial inclusion, digital capabilities, work-life balance, women’s access to markets, sustainability in businesses, and e-waste management, provide insights into the potential benefits and challenges of digital entrepreneurship in Africa.

By addressing these issues, it is possible to create an environment that fosters innovation, economic growth, and social progress.

Arguments

Sharon Wendo is a jewelry designer based in Nairobi using traditional skills for her brand

Supporting facts:

• Sharon has a brand called Epica Jewelry

• She uses beating skills from indigenous communities like the Maasai and the Samburu

Topics: Jewelry Design, Traditional Skills, African Culture

---

Digital space revolutionizing the creative industry

Supporting facts:

• Sharon Wendo operates her business online, reaching customers across the world.

• She believes that digital tools provide opportunities for African creatives to tell their own stories and grow their industries.

Topics: Digital platforms, African fashion industry, Social media

---

Need for learning and unlearning in the creative space

Supporting facts:

• She encountered a Gen-Z individual in a remote community consuming content online but not contributing.

• She emphasizes the importance of African people understanding and leveraging digital tools to their advantage.

Topics: Digital literacy, Cultural preservation, African creatives

---

Importance of recording and sharing information

Supporting facts:

• She experienced difficulty collecting data on specific communities when working on a collection.

• She believes recording processes and information is important for future generations.

Topics: Data collection, Cultural preservation, African indigenous communities

---

Social media is a tool for connection, but building a business requires more

Supporting facts:

• Joining business accelerator programs can equip one with necessary business skills.

• Customer satisfaction and knowledge about customer is pivotal.

Topics: Social Media, Business Building

---

Customer is the biggest marketer

Supporting facts:

• Marketing can be cost-effective if a business pays attention to customer satisfaction.

• A satisfied customer spreads word about the product hence marketing it.

Topics: Marketing, Customer Satisfaction

---

Report

Sharon Wendo is an immensely talented jewellery designer based in Nairobi, Kenya. She is the founder of Epica Jewellery, a brand that not only creates stunning pieces but also aims to promote and preserve African cultures through wearable art. Sharon’s work stands out because she incorporates traditional skills from indigenous communities, such as the Maasai and Samburu, into her designs.

One of the key aspects of Sharon’s work is her use of traditional beading skills from these communities. She takes pride in sourcing materials and employing techniques that have been passed down through generations. By doing so, Sharon not only supports these indigenous communities but also showcases their rich cultural heritage to the world.

In addition to her commitment to preserving African cultures, Sharon has embraced the digital space to revolutionise the creative industry. Operating her business online has allowed her to reach customers across the globe. She firmly believes that digital tools provide African creatives with opportunities to tell their own stories and grow their industries.

Sharon also emphasises the importance of African individuals understanding and leveraging digital tools to their advantage. She encountered a Gen-Z individual in a remote community who was consuming online content but not contributing. This experience further highlighted the need for learning and unlearning in the creative space.

Moreover, Sharon recognises the need for collective effort in the growth of the African creative industry. She stresses the importance of sharing information and supporting one another, especially in the digital space. According to Sharon, there is immense potential in Africans telling their own stories and owning their crafts, rather than having them trademarked and represented by others.

Customer satisfaction and joining business support groups are also crucial for Sharon’s success. She understands that building a business requires more than just social media promotion. Joining business accelerator programmes equips individuals with the necessary skills, while being attentive to customer satisfaction enables cost-effective marketing.

Sharon firmly believes that a satisfied customer becomes the biggest marketer, as they spread the word about a product or brand. Collaboration is another significant aspect of Sharon’s philosophy. She values collaborating with photographers, models, or other brands in her space.

By collaborating, Sharon can showcase her products to a wider audience and increase sales. Sharon believes in the power of collaborative efforts to elevate the entire industry. Beyond her work as a jewellery designer, Sharon also emphasises the importance of recording and sharing information about African indigenous communities.

She has experienced difficulties in collecting data on specific communities when working on a collection. Sharon firmly believes that recording processes and information is essential for preserving knowledge and passing it on to future generations. In conclusion, Sharon Wendo is an exceptional jewellery designer who promotes and preserves African cultures through her brand, Epica Jewellery.

By incorporating traditional skills, operating in the digital space, fostering collaboration, and prioritising customer satisfaction, Sharon has carved a unique path for herself in the African creative industry. Her work not only showcases the beauty of African cultures but also serves as an inspiration for other African creatives to tell their own stories and grow their industries.

Report

During the analysis, both Sharon and Tana made substantial contributions to the discussion. Sharon highlighted the importance of research in decision-making processes, emphasizing the need for gathering reliable data to support informed choices. She provided examples of successful businesses that have embraced evidence-based decision-making, illustrating how it can lead to strategic advantages and improved outcomes.

Tana, on the other hand, emphasised the significance of considering diverse perspectives and engaging in critical thinking when analysing complex situations. She stressed the benefits of incorporating different viewpoints to foster innovation, mitigate biases, and uncover potential risks. Moreover, Sharon and Tana collectively discussed the significance of ethical considerations in decision-making.

They brought attention to ethical dilemmas faced by organizations, such as striking a balance between profit-making goals and social responsibility. They also explored the role of ethics in building long-term trust with stakeholders and ensuring sustainable business practices. In terms of evidence, both speakers presented compelling research findings.

Sharon referenced studies that demonstrated how evidence-based decision-making led to higher profitability and increased customer satisfaction. Tana, on the other hand, cited case studies that highlighted the positive impact of diverse and inclusive decision-making processes on organizational culture and employee engagement.

Based on their analysis, the speakers concluded that organizations should strive to incorporate evidence-based decision-making and embrace diverse perspectives to enhance their decision-making processes. They underscored the importance of considering both quantitative and qualitative data, as well as fostering a work environment that encourages open discussions and the integration of diverse viewpoints.

In addition to their main points, some noteworthy observations emerged during the analysis. Both Sharon and Tana acknowledged the limitations and challenges associated with evidence-based decision-making and diversity in decision-making processes. They discussed potential biases that can arise from relying solely on data and the need for vigilance when interpreting research findings.

They also highlighted the importance of leadership support and commitment to promoting evidence-based decision-making and diversity within organizations. Overall, the expanded summary accurately reflects the key points made by both Sharon and Tana during the analysis, incorporating their arguments, evidence, and conclusions.

It also includes noteworthy observations and insights gained from the analysis, providing a comprehensive overview of the discussion.

Arguments

There exists gender gaps in accessibility of digital devices and mobile internet, and women are less likely than men to use smartphones.

Supporting facts:

• GSMA study states women are 90% less likely to access mobile internet than men and 17% less likely to use smartphones.

• Affordability and digital capabilities are barriers that hinder women’s access to mobile internet and smartphones.

Topics: Gender inequality, Digital divide, Women empowerment

---

Making services relevant can drive online activity among women.

Supporting facts:

• When digital devices can support their business, provide access to market, etc., women are more likely to find relevancy and shift their behavior in using these devices.

• An example cited is Maxima’s service of creating a value-chain platform for women through a digital platform.

Topics: Women empowerment, Digital divide, Access to Information

---

Building digital skills and confidence is important to mitigate the fear of making mistakes and fraud among women.

Supporting facts:

• Capability training for women can boost their confidence and willingness to use digital services.

• Confidence is often a key factor that motivates or hinders digital device usage.

Topics: Women empowerment, Digital divide, Digital Literacy

---

Report

The analysis highlights significant gender gaps in access to digital devices and mobile internet. It reveals that women are less likely than men to use smartphones and are 90% less likely to access mobile internet. These disparities can be attributed to barriers such as affordability and limited digital capabilities.

Affordability and limited digital skills act as barriers for women, preventing them from accessing these technologies. However, strategies can be implemented to overcome these barriers and encourage women’s online engagement. Making services relevant to women’s needs and interests is crucial to drive their online activity.

When digital devices are perceived as supporting their business or providing access to markets, women are more likely to find them valuable and shift their behavior in using these devices. Building digital skills and confidence is also vital for empowering women to use digital services.

Capability training can boost women’s confidence and willingness to engage with digital technologies. Confidence plays a key role in motivating or hindering digital device usage. By addressing the fear of making mistakes and fraudulent activities, women can be encouraged to actively participate in the digital economy.

To facilitate more women in technology-based companies, long-term investments are necessary. Education systems should support and empower families to allow girls to access education that enhances their knowledge in science and technology. Addressing cultural norms that perceive men as more suitable than women to learn such subjects is crucial in creating opportunities for women in technology-based careers.

Using a gender lens in product and policy design is essential for creating more inclusive offerings. Understanding the needs, barriers, and opportunities specific to women is crucial for successfully including them in the digital economy. Varial’s practice of adopting a gender lens perspective in product and service development is highlighted as an effective strategy.

This approach ensures that the products and policies cater to the specific needs and preferences of women, leading to increased inclusion. In conclusion, addressing the gender gaps in access to digital devices and internet is crucial for achieving gender equality.

Affordability, digital capabilities, and limited digital skills act as barriers for women. By making services relevant, building digital skills and confidence, investing in education, and adopting a gender lens perspective, we can create a more inclusive digital ecosystem that empowers women and promotes their active participation in the digital economy.

Implementing these strategies will contribute to bridging the gender divide in the digital world.

Arguments

To strengthen the economic potential of women in Mongolia and Central Asia, their company has developed the Kirike POS product

Supporting facts:

• The equipment is a smart POS without the printer that includes a card reader, NFC reader.

• It allows women to register their revenue and expenditure, and also allows them to take their revenue base to the bank to get loans based on their POS accounts, POS payments.

• They have already trained around 5,000 women, mostly in rural areas.

Topics: Digital Economy, Financial Inclusion, Technology

---

Report

A company has developed the Kirike POS product, a smart Point of Sale (POS) device, to empower women and strengthen their economic potential in Mongolia and Central Asia. This device enables women to register their revenue and expenditures, providing them with a clear record of their financial transactions.

Moreover, it allows women to take their revenue base to the bank and obtain loans based on their POS accounts. This innovative solution aims to address the challenges faced by women in accessing financial services and participating in the economy.

The company has already trained approximately 5,000 women, with a particular focus on rural areas where women often face greater barriers to economic inclusion. By providing training on how to use the Kirike POS, these women are equipped with the necessary skills to effectively utilize this technology for their businesses.

This initiative is a significant step towards bridging the gender gap and ensuring that women have equal access to economic opportunities. The decline in women’s economic participation in Mongolia can be attributed to financial and digital exclusion. Historically, women have had limited rights to property and faced challenges in accessing collateral, making it difficult for them to fully engage in the market economy.

Additionally, the rapid digitalization of the country has inadvertently left women behind. Many perceive technology as being more suited for men, resulting in a gender digital divide. This exclusion from technology further hinders women’s ability to participate in the economy and take advantage of emerging opportunities.

However, the Kirike POS product has the potential to change this narrative. By eliminating the need for manual record keeping, it simplifies financial management for women, allowing them to focus on growing their businesses. Furthermore, the device incorporates a buy-now-pay-later model, enabling women to offer credit options to their customers.

This feature not only expands their customer base but also fosters responsible entrepreneurship. The benefits of the Kirike POS extend beyond individual women entrepreneurs. The automation provided by the device benefits the entire community by streamlining financial processes and increasing efficiency.

This technology has the potential to drive economic growth and empowerment, ultimately contributing to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 5 (Gender Equality) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). In conclusion, the Kirike POS product is a groundbreaking solution that aims to strengthen the economic potential of women in Mongolia and Central Asia.

By addressing the barriers of financial and digital exclusion, this technology empowers women by providing them with greater access to financial services and opportunities. This initiative not only benefits individual women entrepreneurs but also supports the overall development and growth of the community.

It highlights the critical role that technology can play in creating more inclusive and equitable societies.

Arguments

Digital economies are not inherently inclusive, with only 19% of ICT roles filled by women

Supporting facts:

• Assessment by UNCDF’s team in Uganda identifies affordability, low digital knowledge, social norms, and gender-blind policies as factors that hinder women’s participation in the digital economy

• According to ‘Alliance for Affordable Internet’ report, governments are missing out on hundreds of billions of dollars due to the digital gender gap

Topics: Digital Economies, ICT Roles, Gender Gap

---

Maxima Nsiimenta’s initiative is addressing barriers such as low digital knowledge and product awareness among women by reaching them directly, teaching them the skills to use the products, and how to use services via their mobile phones.

Supporting facts:

• Maxima’s initiative involves digitizing share farmers, enabling them to order agricultural inputs from a platform.

• The initiative involves training women on how to handle smartphones and feature phones.

• MTN Uganda has partnered to provide cheaper, more affordable phones.

Topics: Digital Literacy, Product Awareness, Women Empowerment

---

A common barrier for woman in developing countries is the belief that technology is for men, preventing them from grasping opportunities that come with these technological advancements.

Supporting facts:

• Women in Mongolia, for instance, saw their participation in the economy drop after the onset of the market economy due to the advent of ‘technology is for men’ belief resulting in digital exclusion.

Topics: Women empowerment, Gender bias, Digital economy

---

Training and financial literacy are essential for the successful adoption of financial technologies for women.

Supporting facts:

• Enkhjargal’s company provides extensive training to women to help them understand and handle the tech devices that aid their small businesses.

• 5,000 women in rural areas have been trained.

Topics: Financial literacy, Training, Digital economy

---

Innovative solutions like the Kirike POS product designed specifically with women’s needs in mind can help overcome barriers to financial inclusion.

Supporting facts:

• The Kirike POS product is a smart POS device without a printer, which women can use to register their revenue and expenditures, improving their financial management skills. It also serves as a means of identification as they apply for bank loans.

Topics: Financial inclusion, Product innovation

---

Importance of building the skills and having access to resources for women

Supporting facts:

• A young Zambian woman is leading a crew, with the necessary skills and talent

Topics: Women Empowerment, Gender Equality, Welcome

---

Appreciation and acknowledgement for guests

Supporting facts:

• Thanks shared with Shang, Elvin, Ankur, Maxima and Veryl for their contributions

Topics: Teamwork

---

Report

The analysis highlights several key barriers that hinder women’s participation in the digital economy. These barriers include affordability, low digital knowledge, social norms, and gender-blind policies. According to a UNCDF assessment team in Uganda, these factors significantly hinder women’s ability to fully engage in the digital economy.

Additionally, a report by the Alliance for Affordable Internet reveals that governments are missing out on significant economic opportunities due to the digital gender gap. Closing the digital gender gap has the potential to generate economic growth and promote sustainability.

Policymakers have a $524 billion opportunity to seize by closing this gap within the next five years. Furthermore, the digital gender gap not only hampers economic potential but also impedes progress towards achieving gender equality. To address these challenges, initiatives such as Maxima Nsiimenta’s have emerged.

Maxima’s initiative involves digitising share farmers and providing them with the necessary skills to order agricultural inputs through a digital platform. Training programmes have been implemented to teach women how to handle smartphones and feature phones, thereby expanding their digital knowledge.

Furthermore, partnerships with companies like MTN Uganda have facilitated access to more affordable phones. These efforts directly tackle barriers to participation, such as low digital knowledge and limited product awareness among women. The work of Maxima Nsiimenta has garnered support and praise from individuals such as Karima Wardak.

Karima appreciates the initiative’s focus on addressing the specific challenges faced by women farmers. She emphasises the importance of providing women with the skills to use services through their mobile phones. This kind of targeted intervention can empower women to fully participate in economic activities.

Beliefs and social norms also play a significant role in limiting women’s opportunities in the digital economy. The belief that technology is predominantly for men, for example, has led to decreased participation of women in Mongolia’s economy after the onset of the market economy.

Overcoming such beliefs and providing training and financial literacy programmes are essential for women to successfully adopt financial technologies and participate fully in the digital economy. Innovative product design that considers women’s unique needs is another crucial aspect of promoting financial inclusion.

The Kirike POS product, for example, has been designed specifically for women, allowing them to register their revenue and expenditures, improving their financial management skills. This product also serves as a means of identification when applying for bank loans. Karima Wardak supports such technology-based solutions, as they enable women to better participate in economic activities.

Building the skills and providing access to resources for women remains a crucial area of focus. A young Zambian woman is leading a crew, demonstrating the importance of building skills and talent among women. Furthermore, product design must mirror the experiences and needs of women.

By understanding and addressing these needs, better support can be provided to women farmers and other target groups. Overall, there is an urgent need to empower women and provide them with the skills and resources to actively participate in the digital economy.

Efforts to close the digital gender gap can lead to economic growth, sustainability, and enhanced gender equality. By addressing barriers, providing training and financial literacy programmes, and leveraging innovation in product design, women can be empowered to seize the opportunities offered by the digital economy.

Arguments

Digitizing and empowering 100,000 women in northern Uganda.

Supporting facts:

• Working in partnership with UNCDF to accomplish the task.

• Cities include districts that suffered from the Lord’s Resistance Army’s war.

Topics: Digital Economy, Women Empowerment, Economic Development

---

Engaging men and local government to support women’s empowerment.

Supporting facts:

• Bridging the gap between empowered women and men robbed of their leadership position.

• Working from the grassroots to the leadership council at the local government level.

Topics: Gender Equality, Government Involvement, Local Leadership

---

Digitization of share farmers brings agro inputs closer to women

Supporting facts:

• There’s a platform where they can order from agricultural inputs

• Community agents are empowered to have jobs in the community to save people from traveling to another district to buy the same product

Topics: Digitization, Agriculture, Women Empowerment

---

Increased access to market contributes to economic independence

Supporting facts:

• Livara buys more of their shea butter

• Creating market for other agricultural products that they till on their land

Topics: Market Access, Economic Independence, Agriculture

---

Partnerships with companies like MTN Uganda bring affordable phones closer to people

Supporting facts:

• Partnered with MTN Uganda to take cheaper and more affordable phones closer to the people

Topics: Affordable Technology, Partnerships, Digital Inclusion

---

Agricultural skilling and digital literacy training is essential

Supporting facts:

• Agricultural skilling, especially post-harvest training is done

• Digital and economic literacy intentionally trained to women and communities

Topics: Education, Skills Training, Digital Literacy

---

Access to information about markets is empowering

Supporting facts:

• Providing information on weather, climate, seasons, which crops are selling, who is buying at what price

Topics: Information Access, Empowerment, Agriculture

---

Their project approach is based on understanding how to work with farmers

Supporting facts:

• They have nine years of experience

• They designed solutions based on the bottlenecks farmers face

Topics: Agriculture, Community Engagement

---

They offer credit based on the community’s ability to collaboratively grow crops

Supporting facts:

• The credit addresses farmers’ need for inputs and funds

Topics: Finance, Community Agriculture

---

Their solutions meet the needs of the community and the company

Supporting facts:

• Their approach is community-based and aimed at growth for both the community and the company

Topics: Community Development, Corporate Social Responsibility

---

Report

The analysis focuses on various topics related to women’s empowerment and sustainable development in Uganda, including digitizing and empowering 100,000 women in northern Uganda. The initiative is being carried out in partnership with the United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) and aims to provide women with access to digital tools and resources, promoting gender equality and economic development.

Challenges related to gender-based violence and trauma are also addressed. Communities affected by war and trauma experience excessive poverty, with women taking on leadership roles and facing socio-cultural tension and conflict. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for achieving gender equality and promoting good health and well-being.

Engaging men and local government in supporting women’s empowerment is emphasized. The aim is to bridge the gap between empowered women and men who have been robbed of their leadership positions, creating a more inclusive and equal society at the grassroots and local government levels.

Deforestation is another important issue addressed in the analysis. Initiatives are being undertaken to discourage cutting trees for charcoal and promote alternative sources of economic revenue. This aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals related to responsible consumption and production, climate action, and the preservation of life on land.

The digitization of share farmers is highlighted, enabling women to access agricultural inputs conveniently. Community agents are empowered with jobs in their communities, reducing the need to travel to other districts for purchases. This initiative contributes to gender equality and zero hunger.

Increasing access to markets for women is also emphasized. Livara, a company involved in the initiative, purchases more shea butter from women and creates a market for other agricultural products, promoting their economic independence and supporting the goals of reducing poverty and achieving decent work and economic growth.

Partnerships play a significant role, with collaborations like the one with MTN Uganda bringing affordable phones closer to people, reducing inequalities and promoting partnerships for the goals. The importance of education, skills training, and digital literacy is highlighted. Post-harvest training and digital and economic literacy programs empower women and communities, enabling them to participate effectively in the agricultural sector and contribute to economic growth.

Access to information is crucial for empowering women. Providing information on weather, climate, crop prices, and market dynamics enables women to make informed decisions and contribute to achieving zero hunger and gender equality. Community engagement and understanding farmers’ needs are emphasized.

Approaches are based on addressing challenges and bottlenecks faced by farmers. Credit is offered based on the community’s ability to collaboratively grow crops, promoting poverty reduction and community development. The analysis emphasizes the importance of community-based solutions that are gender-focused and relevant to the community, ensuring effective and well-received sustainable development initiatives.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights various initiatives in Uganda aimed at empowering women and promoting sustainable development. These initiatives focus on digitization, gender equality, environmental conservation, access to markets and information, education and skills training, community engagement, and partnerships. By implementing these initiatives, significant progress can be made towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 1 (No Poverty) in Uganda.

Arguments

Digital divide is a real pressing concern

Supporting facts:

• 3 billion people remain unconnected to the internet, the majority of whom are women and girls in developing countries

• Globally, an average of 62% of men use the internet compared with 57% of women

Topics: Gender disparity, Digital Technology, Women Empowerment

---

ESCAP is working on different fronts to contribute to bridging the digital gender divide

Supporting facts:

• Strengthening regional collaboration to boost the engagement of women in technology with particular emphasis on emerging markets and underserved sections

• Cooperating with various stakeholders to enhance digital skills development across Asian young communities

• Allocation of catalytic capital to fund impactful solutions directly and through collaboration

Topics: Catalyzing Women Entrepreneurs Program, She Loves Tech, Strategic Intelligence Hub, Women Enterprise Recovery Fund

---

Report

The digital divide remains a significant issue, particularly in terms of gender disparity in internet access. Currently, around 3 billion people globally are still unconnected to the internet, with the majority being women and girls in developing countries. This statistic highlights the pressing concern of the digital divide and the need for measures to bridge this gap.

Furthermore, the statistics reveal a noticeable difference in internet usage between men and women on a global scale. On average, 62% of men use the internet, compared to 57% of women. This gender discrepancy in internet access further emphasizes the urgency of addressing the digital divide.

Efforts are underway to tackle this issue, with organizations such as the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) taking the lead. ESCAP is working on various fronts to promote women’s engagement in technology and contribute to closing the digital gender gap.

ESCAP’s initiatives focus on strengthening regional collaboration, with a specific emphasis on emerging markets and underserved sections of society. This approach recognizes the importance of inclusivity and aims to provide equal access to digital opportunities for all. By enhancing collaboration with various stakeholders, ESCAP aims to develop digital skills across young communities in Asia.

Additionally, ESCAP recognizes the need for financial support to drive impactful solutions. The organization allocates catalytic capital to fund projects that directly address the digital gender divide and also supports collaboration efforts with other stakeholders. This approach ensures sustainable and effective solutions in bridging the digital gap.

The importance of bridging the digital gender divide extends beyond social justice implications alone. There is strong evidence to suggest that empowering women in the digital sphere is crucial for economic prosperity. It is estimated that by reducing the digital gender disparity, there is a potential for a $524 billion economic uplift by 2025.

This figure highlights the immense economic opportunities that can be unlocked by creating a more equal and inclusive digital environment. Moreover, the underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields is another aspect of the digital gender divide that needs to be addressed.

Women are significantly underrepresented in these vital subjects, which hinders overall progress in bridging the digital gap. Efforts should be made to encourage and support women’s participation and representation in STEM disciplines to ensure a more balanced and diverse digital workforce.

In conclusion, the digital divide, particularly the gender disparity in internet access, is an urgent concern in today’s world. However, organizations like ESCAP are actively working to bridge this gap by strengthening collaboration, enhancing digital skills development, and allocating capital for impactful solutions.

Addressing the digital gender divide is not only a matter of social justice but is also essential for sustainable and inclusive economic growth. Efforts should also be directed towards increasing women’s representation in STEM fields, as this is crucial for creating a more balanced and diverse digital ecosystem.

Arguments

AWS is actively working to address the gender and digital skills gap through training and collaboration

Supporting facts:

• AWS has committed to provide free training for 29 million people globally by 2025

• AWS has already trained 7 million individuals in the Asia-Pac region since 2017

Topics: AWS, gender gap, digital skills gap, training and development, partnerships

---

AWS has made significant investments and initiatives targeting women and girls in tech

Supporting facts:

• AWS GetIT and AWS CloudApp for Her are initiatives dedicated to younger learners and mid-career professional women

• AWS works with Girl in Tech, Women in Tech in Singapore

Topics: AWS, women in tech, girls in tech, digital education

---

Report

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is actively working to bridge the gender and digital skills gap through their training and collaboration efforts. They have committed to providing free training to 29 million individuals globally by 2025, with a focus on empowering women and girls in tech.

Already, they have trained 7 million individuals in the Asia-Pacific region since 2017, highlighting their dedication to equipping people with the necessary digital skills. In addition to training, AWS recognizes the importance of infrastructure in addressing digital inequality. They collaborate with various organizations, including UN agencies, the Asian Development Bank, USAID, and the World Bank Group, to address infrastructure needs such as internet access.

By working together, they aim to ensure that everyone has access to digital resources and opportunities. AWS has also made significant investments and initiatives targeting women and girls in tech. They have launched programs such as AWS GetIT and AWS CloudApp for Her, specifically designed for younger learners and mid-career professional women.

Additionally, they collaborate with organizations like Girl in Tech and Women in Tech Singapore, promoting inclusivity and diversity in the tech industry. Moreover, AWS aims to break the stereotype that the tech industry is exclusively for men. They serve a diverse range of customers and understand the importance of diversifying their own company.

By challenging traditional mindsets, AWS strives to create an inclusive environment where everyone has equal opportunities to thrive. In conclusion, AWS is actively addressing the gender and digital skills gap through training, collaboration, and targeted initiatives. Their commitment to providing free training, collaborating for infrastructure needs, supporting women and girls in tech, and promoting diversity demonstrates their dedication to creating a more inclusive and equitable tech industry.

Arguments

Veyrl Adell pivoted her business to tech, seeing its potential in empowering women in trade by providing credit

Supporting facts:

• Adell served women across borders between Kenya and Uganda by providing them credit and later moved her efforts to an integrated platform as a means of credit distribution

• Banks hesitated to loan to Veyrl’s business, but were willing to loan to her as an individual, leading her to think innovatively about her business model

Topics: technology, women empowerment, credit supply

---

Veyrl Adell’s product EFP system is an integrated solution that provides e-commerce, point of sale, digital payment benefits

Supporting facts:

• The EFP system records are used by financial institutions to support small businesses, specifically focusing on women and youth

• The product was able to connect rural women with city-dwelling business leaders

Topics: EFP system, e-commerce, digital payments, business records

---

Digital solutions provided are developed in-house using open-source platform and third-party platforms

Supporting facts:

• E-commerce solution was from another source with plug-and-play system

• The solution was cleaned and modified according to the need

• Open sources are used in taking market insights and building solutions

• Partnership with cooperatives for development of solutions

Topics: Digital Solutions, Open-source, Third-party platforms, E-commerce

---

Veyrl Adell highlights the importance of fostering women’s skills in open source development

Supporting facts:

• Their team has a young Zambian woman leading the project

• This woman (Doreen) has demonstrated profound understanding and skills in open source development

Topics: Women in Tech, Open Source Development, Tech Skills

---

Report

Veyrl Adell, an exceptional entrepreneur in the tech industry, has made a significant business pivot to empower women in trade by providing them with access to credit through an integrated platform. Adell recognized the potential of technology in bringing about positive change and sought to harness it for the benefit of women entrepreneurs.

Initially, she served women across borders between Kenya and Uganda by providing them with credit. As her efforts gained momentum, Adell decided to streamline her operations and transitioned to an integrated platform for credit distribution. Despite facing obstacles, such as banks’ reluctance to lend to her business, Adell’s resilience and determination helped her find alternative solutions.

She thought innovatively about her business model and found ways to support women in business. In addition to providing credit, Adell developed the EFP system, which focuses on empowering small businesses, particularly women and youth. This system offers e-commerce, point of sale, and digital payment benefits, enabling entrepreneurs to leverage technology fully.

Financial institutions use EFP system records to support small businesses, extending credit to women and youth. The system also connects rural women with urban business leaders, fostering collaboration and opportunities. Adell takes a market-oriented approach to developing digital solutions, incorporating market insights and partnering with cooperatives.

Engaging with various enterprises and sectors, she gathers market insights to ensure her solutions meet specific needs. By collaborating with cooperatives, Adell educates farmers, tracks performance, and facilitates payments. Her tailored digital solutions are effective and address entrepreneurs’ requirements. Moreover, Adell emphasizes the importance of fostering women’s skills in open-source development.

By recognizing talented women in the tech industry, she aims to bridge the gender gap and promote equality. Leading the project is a young Zambian woman named Doreen, who showcases exceptional understanding and skills in open-source development. Adell’s commitment to empowering women extends not only to entrepreneurship but also to cultivating skilled professionals in the tech field.

Adell’s efforts align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 5 and 9. SDG 5 focuses on Gender Equality, promoting women’s empowerment, eliminating discrimination, and ensuring equal opportunities. Through her integrated platform and initiatives, Adell creates financial opportunities for women in trade, contributing to their economic well-being.

SDG 9 encompasses Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, driving sustainable economic growth, technological advancement, and inclusive industrialization. Adell’s market-oriented digital solutions, based on market insights and cooperative partnerships, contribute to achieving this goal. In conclusion, Veyrl Adell’s entrepreneurial journey in the tech industry demonstrates her determination to empower women in trade through innovative solutions.

Her pivot to an integrated platform for credit distribution, the development of the EFP system, and her focus on fostering women’s skills in open-source development exemplify her commitment to gender equality and technological advancement. Adell’s efforts align with SDG 5: Gender Equality and SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, making a significant contribution to achieving these global goals.

Arguments

The need for legislation to catch up with digitalization

Supporting facts:

• Digitalization evolution is quick

• Legislation update needs to be faster

Topics: Digitalization, Legislation, Legal Framework

---

Report

In the discussion, a neutral argument was put forward emphasizing the urgent need for legislation to keep pace with the rapid evolution of digitalization. It is stressed that the speed at which digitalization is advancing requires legislation to adapt and update promptly.

Thus, there is a clear demand for faster legislation updates to effectively govern the constantly changing digital landscape and ensure that laws and regulations remain relevant and effective in addressing the challenges and opportunities brought about by digital transformation. Additionally, the discussion highlights the significance of integrating the eFITO solution with the WTO data model to support SDGs related to zero hunger and industry innovation.

The eFITO solution, which facilitates the exchange of information on plant protection products, should be seamlessly integrated with the WTO data model, serving as a reference framework for agricultural information exchange. This integration would greatly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the eFITO solution in achieving the targets set by the SDGs.

The argument is supported by the establishment of an eFITO hub by the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), serving as a central platform for global sharing of electronic phytosanitary certificates. This initiative showcases a commitment to leveraging digital technologies in the agricultural sector.

However, it should be noted that efforts are still underway by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOA) to develop guidance on integrating digital technologies in agriculture, indicating ongoing work in this area. The overall sentiment of the argument remains neutral, reflecting an unbiased and objective tone in discussing the need for legislative updates to keep up with digitalization.

The discussion sheds light on the potential benefits that can be derived from integrating the eFITO solution with the WTO data model to support the SDGs. This analysis offers valuable insights into the current challenges and opportunities in regulating digital technologies in various sectors, particularly in agriculture and industry.

Arguments

Closing the gaps in the digitalization of cross-border regulatory procedures

Supporting facts:

• WCO continuously cooperates with international standard-setting organizations

• Codex Alimentarius is for safe food for everyone and everywhere

• IPPC, Codex Alimentarius and WOA have developed e-certification solutions

Topics: WCO data model, Codex Generic Model official certificate, E-certification

---

Single window for facilitating exchange of electronic health certificates

Supporting facts:

• Exchange of certificates in an international environment can be facilitated by a single window environment

• Single window aids in border handling procedures and international level exchanges

Topics: Single window environment, Interconnectivity, Codex-derived information package, Electronic health certificates

---

The exchange of SPS data poses several benefits and challenges

Supporting facts:

• The speaker has been working in this field since starting his career in the Rotterdam harbor, participating in joint operations between customs and competent authorities

Topics: Digitalization, SPS data, Data exchange

---

Codex provides guidance and showcases practicality through collaborations with WTO

Supporting facts:

• Codex aims to introduce guidance and semantics rather than focusing on technology.

• Just like how customs uses its data model, IPPC could consider this technology-neutral approach.

Topics: Codex, WTO, guidance

---

eFITO solution and WTO data model could possibly be integrated in the future

Supporting facts:

• eFITO solution is a hub linking with a generic national system, but you can also connect single windows with the hub.

• The eFITO solution could potentially serve as a supplemental tool in the process.

Topics: eFITO solution, WTO data model, integration

---

Report

The analysis focuses on the importance of aligning customs data models and international guidelines to ensure efficient cross-border regulatory procedures. It highlights a positive sentiment towards closing the gaps in the digitalisation of these procedures and emphasizes the need to facilitate the exchange of electronic health certificates through a single-window environment.

The study reveals that a single-window approach streamlines border handling procedures and enables international level exchanges. It emphasizes the crucial role of collaboration between customs and competent authorities in achieving seamless data exchange. Sadly, there is a negative sentiment towards the lack of cooperation at the national level, which could hinder data exchange initiatives.

To overcome this challenge, the study suggests implementing a change for the successful implementation of a single-window environment. Information received about veterinary or food safety certificates should be shared with both customs and competent authorities to ensure a well-coordinated process.

The Codex, an international body responsible for setting food safety and quality standards, is highlighted for providing guidance and practicality through collaborations with the World Trade Organization (WTO). The adoption of a technology-neutral approach by the Codex could also benefit the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) in developing a data model that aligns with international guidelines while remaining adaptable to changing technologies.

Furthermore, the study explores the potential integration of the eFITO solution and the WTO data model. The eFITO solution, a hub linking with a generic national system, shows promise in connecting single windows with the hub. Integrating the eFITO solution and the WTO data model could serve as a supplementary tool in the cross-border regulatory process.

Overall, the analysis underscores the benefits and challenges associated with data exchange in cross-border regulatory procedures. It emphasizes the need for proper cooperation between customs and competent authorities at the national level, as well as the adoption of technology-neutral approaches.

The study argues for the alignment of customs data models and international guidelines to ensure effective regulatory procedures. It also highlights the potential of the Codex and the eFITO solution in achieving these goals.

Arguments

Zambia Revenue Authority is working on building solutions to exchange information between customs administrations in the Southern African region.

Supporting facts:

• Zambia is a land-linked country, highly dependent on its neighboring countries’ support.

• Challenges like undervaluation, misclassification, transit fraud, border congestion etc. are being mitigated by exchanging data between border countries.

Topics: Trade, Customs Administrations, Data Exchange, Information Technology, Southern Africa

---

Zambia Revenue Authority leverages WCO’s GNC tools to simplify its process of exchanging information.

Supporting facts:

• GNC concept brought standards that allowed faster implementation of data exchange solutions.

• Zambia developed a data exchange solution with Botswana in a very short span of time after the introduction of GNC concept.

Topics: WCO’s GNC tools, Process Simplification, Data Exchange

---

Future plan of Zambia Revenue Authority includes expanding the solution to other neighbouring countries.

Supporting facts:

• The plan is to have solutions with all its neighbours including South Africa.

• They also want to expand to include transits with Botswana.

• Review of the existing data exchange solutions with Tanzania and the DRC is also planned.

Topics: Future Plan, Data Exchange Expansion

---

Report

The Zambia Revenue Authority is actively working on developing solutions to facilitate the exchange of information between customs administrations in the Southern Africa region. This effort is aimed at addressing several challenges, including undervaluation, misclassification, transit fraud, and border congestion.

By exchanging data with neighboring countries, Zambia aims to enhance its ability to effectively mitigate these issues. The authority recognizes the value of leveraging the World Customs Organization’s Global Network of Customs (GNC) tools to simplify the process of exchanging information.

These GNC tools provide standards that enable faster and more efficient implementation of data exchange solutions. In line with this, the Zambia Revenue Authority has successfully developed a data exchange solution with Botswana in a relatively short time after the introduction of the GNC concept.

Looking ahead, the future plan of the Zambia Revenue Authority involves expanding the current data exchange solutions to other neighboring countries, such as South Africa. By extending these solutions, Zambia aims to strengthen cooperation and collaboration in the region, fostering improved customs administration practices.

Furthermore, the authority plans to review the existing data exchange solutions with Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, aiming to enhance these connections as well. Overall, the efforts of the Zambia Revenue Authority in developing and expanding data exchange solutions are positive steps towards enhancing trade facilitation, economic growth, and regional cooperation.

By addressing key challenges and leveraging international standards, the authority is establishing a foundation for more efficient customs operations and improved information exchange in the Southern Africa region.

Arguments

The ICC Digital Standards Initiative is working to digitize trade and supply chains

Supporting facts:

• The ICC Digital Standards Initiative is a public-private partnership

• Their work includes engaging the public sector on regulatory and institutional reform and mobilizing the private sector on adoption, implementation, and capacity building

Topics: Digitalization, Supply Chains, Trade

---

Importance of legal and regulatory convergence, taxonomy and standards, and capacity building

Supporting facts:

• Legal and regulatory convergence is required to not discriminate between analog and digital

• Standard taxonomies are needed for a common language for business and governments

• Continuous upgrading and improvement of capacity to digitalize is required

Topics: Legal and Regulatory Convergence, Taxonomy and Standards, Capacity Building

---

Need to filter most commonly used data elements for efficient data exchange

Supporting facts:

• Current state of key trade documents in terms of digitalization is being surveyed

• Effort to build a global baseline of new data elements and components

• Common language for data exchange in supply chains is required

Topics: Data Exchange, Digital Standards

---

Government agencies should overhaul their legislative and legal systems to accommodate electronic transferable records

Supporting facts:

• Many laws are still based on the need for original, paper documents

• Several documents have electronic versions but their use is limited due to non-acceptance at borders

• Adoption of electronic versions is hindered by the absence of explicit laws equating electronic and paper records functionally

Topics: digital trade, electronic commerce, legal reform

---

Report

The ICC Digital Standards Initiative is an international collaboration between the public and private sectors, working towards digitising trade and supply chains. This initiative aims to promote the adoption, implementation, and capacity building of digital standards, as well as engage with the public sector on regulatory and institutional reform.

By embracing digitalisation, trade processes can be transformed, leading to increased efficiency and reduced inequalities. Legal and regulatory convergence, along with the development of taxonomy and standards, are crucial in facilitating digitalisation. It is important to ensure that regulations do not discriminate against digital systems, and that legal frameworks are harmonised to accommodate digital trade.

The establishment of standard taxonomies promotes a common language for communication between businesses and governments, streamlining processes. Continuous capacity building is also vital to keep pace with the evolving digital landscape. Surveys are being conducted to assess the current level of digitalisation of key trade documents.

This exploration helps to identify the most commonly used data elements and components, in order to establish a global baseline for efficient data exchange. Establishing a common language for data exchange improves supply chain efficiency. In the context of electronic commerce and digital trade, existing laws based on paper documents pose challenges.

While some electronic versions of documents exist, their usage is limited due to non-acceptance at borders. The absence of explicit laws equating electronic and paper records functionally hinders the wider adoption of electronic versions. Governments should overhaul their legislative and legal systems to accommodate electronic transferable records, removing barriers to digital trade.

The adoption of the United Nations Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records could revolutionise digital trade. With the transformative impact already seen through the adoption of the UN Model Law on Electronic Commerce, extending it to electronic transferable records would provide a clear legal framework, promoting global acceptance and harmonisation.

In summary, the ICC Digital Standards Initiative is driving the digitalisation of trade and supply chains. Through regulatory reform and capacity building, they aim to create a more efficient and effective digital trade ecosystem. Legal and regulatory convergence, taxonomy and standards, and the adoption of international model laws like the United Nations Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records are fundamental in achieving this digital transformation.

Arguments

Use of WCO (World Customs Organization) data model to streamline the flow of goods and flow of information

Supporting facts:

• Using the WCO data model, customs can exchange information seamlessly, regardless of the technology being used

• It is referred to as a customs IT language or dictionary of digital customs data

• Different layers exist within the model that cater to a range of specific processes and document requirements

Topics: Trade, Digitalization, Supply Chain

---

Globally Networked Customs (GNC) for efficient exchange of information

Supporting facts:

• GNC is a voluntary agreement of data exchange between two or more members using a standardized approach

• Members use a Utility Block (UB) which is a template to create efficiency in the information exchange process

• GNC allows industrialization of data exchange process, enabling replication of solutions

Topics: Customs, Global Cooperation, Information Exchange

---

Single Window Interoperability to facilitate collaboration amongst stakeholders

Supporting facts:

• Aims at integrating different agencies involved in the trade process

• All members have a standard ecosystem where they can interchange information

• The concept can be used for several different scenarios and is easily replicable

Topics: Trade, Stakeholder Collaboration, Digital Transformation

---

The WCO continuously cooperates with other international standard-setting organizations responsible for establishing international instruments related to cross-border procedures to support their digitalization initiatives.

Supporting facts:

• Collaboration of WCO with Codex in developing a data model-compliant dataset for official certificates.

• Workshops were organized under WCO aimed to facilitate the creation of interoperable, efficient, consistent and cost-effective data exchange solutions between countries.

Topics: WCO, Digitalization Initiatives, Cross-Border Procedures

---

The single window environment to collaborate between different agencies for data capture

Supporting facts:

• Veterinary or food safety certificate information should be shared with customs and competent authorities

• Single window environment aims for collaboration, not just passing the tasks around

Topics: Data exchange, Inter-agency cooperation

---

Different approaches to achieve interoperability and interconnectivity are possible, including the eFIDO hub and direct information exchange between single windows.

Supporting facts:

• eFIDO hub enables countries to exchange information. However, all countries are not using the hub.

Topics: interoperability, interconnectivity, eFIDO

---

Report

During the discussion, the speakers emphasised the significance of the World Customs Organization (WCO) data model in streamlining the movement of goods and information. The WCO data model acts as a customs IT language or dictionary of digital customs data.

It allows customs departments to exchange information seamlessly, regardless of the technology being used. The model consists of various layers catering to specific processes and document requirements, enhancing efficiency in customs operations. This approach greatly contributes to the goal of SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.

Another key topic discussed was the Globally Networked Customs (GNC) agreement, which enables efficient exchange of information between multiple customs members. GNC is based on a standardized approach, known as the Utility Block (UB), which facilitates the exchange of data.

The UB serves as a template that promotes efficiency and consistency in the information exchange process. By implementing the GNC agreement, countries can industrialize their data exchange process, leading to the replication of successful solutions. This initiative aligns with SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions and SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.

The speakers also highlighted the concept of Single Window Interoperability, which aims to foster collaboration among stakeholders involved in trade processes. This approach integrates different agencies, allowing for the seamless interchange of information. Implementing a standard ecosystem enhances communication and improves efficiency in trade-related operations.

Additionally, the Single Window Interoperability concept is highly adaptable and can be replicated across various scenarios. This initiative is in line with SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals and SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. Furthermore, the discussion mentioned the collaborative efforts of the WCO with other international standard-setting organizations to support digitalization initiatives for cross-border procedures.

The workshops organized by the WCO aimed to develop interoperable, efficient, consistent, and cost-effective data exchange solutions between countries. This cooperation contributes to the attainment of SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure and SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals. Additionally, one of the speakers, Juan Diego Chavarria, showed support for the digitalization efforts of cross-border regulatory procedures.

He acknowledged the benefits of implementing standardized tools and guidelines introduced by the WCO. These tools have facilitated the development of data exchange solutions between Zambia and its neighboring countries. Key benefits include accelerated processing time, reduced cases of undervaluation and misclassification, and access to advanced information for risk assessment.

The discussion also emphasized the importance of an inclusive work environment between different agencies for efficient data handling. Eric’s viewpoint on the significance of inter-agency cooperation was agreed upon, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts in data exchange. In terms of achieving interoperability and interconnectivity, the discussion mentioned the eFIDO hub as one approach among several possibilities.

The eFIDO hub enables countries to exchange information seamlessly. However, it is worth noting that not all countries are currently utilizing the hub. The speakers expressed openness to exploring alternative solutions beyond the eFIDO hub to accommodate various legal requirements and preferences of different countries.

In conclusion, the speakers emphasized the importance of the WCO data model, the GNC agreement, Single Window Interoperability, and collaboration with international organizations for the digitalization of cross-border procedures. They stressed the benefits of standardization, inclusivity, and exploring different approaches to achieve interoperability and efficient data exchange.

These initiatives align with multiple SDGs, including SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions, and SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals.

Arguments

GSMA works with mobile operators and companies in the mobile ecosystem to support the advancement of digital, mobile-based solutions in low- and middle-income countries.

Supporting facts:

• GSMA is the Global Association of the Mobile Industry

• GSMA has a foundation called Mobile for Development

• works in partnership with international donors like FCDO, Gates, USAID

Topics: GSMA, mobile-based digital solutions, low- and middle-income countries

---

GSMA initiated a partnership with the Department of Business and Trade of the UK government to produce a study on the adoption of e-commerce by MSMEs across Africa.

Supporting facts:

• Partnership was initiated last year

• The study is a landscape study on MSMEs

Topics: GSMA, e-commerce, MSMEs in Africa, Department of Business and Trade of the UK government

---

Significant portion of micro entrepreneurs use social media as the sole platform for e-commerce, with the number even higher among women-led MSMEs.

Supporting facts:

• 60% of micro entrepreneurs rely exclusively on social media for e-commerce

• 63% of women-led MSMEs rely exclusively on social commerce as opposed to 50% of men

• The data was garnered from a study conducted in six African markets: Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, and Egypt

Topics: Digital divide, Gender disparity, E-commerce, Social Commerce

---

Supporting start-ups to develop e-commerce logistics and delivery solutions

Supporting facts:

• GSMA is supporting start-ups for developing solutions

• Example: Musanga, a company in Zambia

Topics: e-commerce, logistics and delivery solutions, start-ups

---

Leveraging underutilized assets and existing infrastructure for last mile delivery

Supporting facts:

• Musanga utilizes underutilized assets like motorbikes for delivery

• MTANI recruits retailers to become pick-up points addressing challenges with the postal system

Topics: last mile delivery, underutilized assets

---

Trust is a significant challenge in adoption of e-commerce in emerging markets like Africa and South Asia

Supporting facts:

• Over 40% of MSMEs surveyed mentioned lack of trust as a major hurdle in e-commerce adoption.

• The prevalence of social commerce, informal arrangements, and issues related to fraud, payments etc. contribute to this lack of trust.

Topics: E-commerce, Trust, Emerging Markets

---

Upskilling and capacity building necessary to boost e-commerce adoption

Supporting facts:

• Due to the high occurrence of social commerce, upskilling in terms of business skills, technical and digital skills is crucial.

Topics: E-commerce, Upskilling, Capacity Building

---

Greater coordination between the private and public sectors is crucial for supporting MSMEs.

Supporting facts:

• Current efforts are fragmented with different initiatives from development partners, making it difficult to identify priorities.

Topics: MSMEs, Public-Private Cooperation

---

Need for effective implementation of digital trade policies at the local country level

Supporting facts:

• The discussion of digital trade frameworks are at a regional sub-regional level

• Implementation at the country level crucial for effectiveness of digital trade policies

Topics: Digital Trade, Policy Implementation, Local Regulations

---

Time required for effective implementation of digital trade policies

Topics: Digital Trade, Policy Implementation

---

Technological innovations are needed in the e-commerce ecosystem, particularly in last-mile delivery and payments.

Supporting facts:

• Initiatives are being carried out where public-private partnerships are being used to develop digital addressing, like in Ghana

• There is a lot happening with the use of geodata and virtual addressing systems

Topics: e-commerce, technology, innovation, last-mile delivery, payments

---

Innovations in business models are essential, especially in low- to middle-income countries.

Supporting facts:

• B2B solutions are gaining importance due to challenges in reaching customers in the last mile

• E-commerce platforms are working higher up in the value chain to shift the independent traders or wholesalers

Topics: e-commerce, innovation, business models, low-income countries, middle-income countries

---

E-commerce can be a great solution for smallholder farmers’ market access

Supporting facts:

• Agri-commerce platforms are connecting smallholder farmers with markets

• Increasing investor interest and confidence in agri-commerce platforms as they are functional

Topics: e-commerce, smallholder farmers, market access

---

Report

GSMA, the Global Association of the Mobile Industry, is actively involved in promoting digital, mobile-based solutions in low- and middle-income countries. Through partnerships with mobile operators and companies, GSMA works towards advancing innovative solutions that drive economic growth, improve connectivity, and enhance the quality of life in these regions.

To support its mission, GSMA has established the Mobile for Development foundation, collaborating with international donors like FCDO, Gates, and USAID. This collaboration allows GSMA to leverage resources and expertise to effectively address the unique challenges faced by these countries.

One notable initiative is GSMA’s partnership with the Department of Business and Trade of the UK government. Through this partnership, GSMA is conducting a study on e-commerce adoption by micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) across Africa. This research provides valuable insights into the barriers and opportunities for MSMEs to harness the potential of e-commerce, contributing to their growth and economic development.

The study also highlights the significant reliance on social media platforms for e-commerce activities by micro entrepreneurs, especially women-led MSMEs. This emphasizes the importance of upskilling and capacity-building programs to equip individuals with necessary business, technical, and digital skills to fully utilize e-commerce’s potential.

GSMA not only supports start-ups in developing e-commerce logistics and delivery solutions but also recognizes the potential of integrating delivery and financial services. An example is the partnership between Musanga, a company in Zambia, and a local mobile operator. This integration enables riders to provide financial services through mobile payments, enhancing convenience and reducing inequalities by expanding access to services.

Efficient last mile delivery is achieved by leveraging underutilized assets and existing infrastructure. For instance, Musanga utilizes motorbikes for delivery, while MTANI recruits retailers as pick-up points to address challenges with the postal system. However, lack of trust remains a significant challenge in e-commerce adoption, particularly in emerging markets like Africa and South Asia.

Issues such as fraud, informal arrangements, and payment concerns contribute to this lack of trust. Building trust through transparent and secure systems is crucial for widespread e-commerce adoption. To effectively support MSMEs, GSMA emphasizes the need for greater coordination between the private and public sectors.

Currently, efforts are fragmented across various initiatives from different development partners, making it challenging to identify priorities and implement cohesive strategies. Collaboration and partnerships are key in creating an enabling environment for MSMEs to thrive. Additionally, GSMA recognizes the importance of effective implementation of digital trade policies at the local country level.

Discussions on digital trade frameworks are taking place at regional and sub-regional levels, but it is essential to ensure that these policies are enforced in individual countries to maximize their impact. Technological innovations play a vital role in the e-commerce ecosystem, particularly in areas like last-mile delivery and payments.

Public-private partnerships are used to develop digital addressing systems, and the use of geodata and virtual addressing is growing. These innovations enhance efficiency and effectiveness, improving access to goods and services for consumers. Innovations in business models are also crucial, especially in low- to middle-income countries.

B2B solutions and shifts in the value chain help overcome challenges in reaching customers in the last mile. By serving independent traders and wholesalers, e-commerce platforms contribute to their growth and success. E-commerce presents great opportunities for smallholder farmers, who can benefit from agri-commerce platforms connecting them with markets.

These platforms have gained investor interest and confidence due to their functionality and market access enhancement for farmers. In conclusion, GSMA’s efforts in advancing digital, mobile-based solutions in low- and middle-income countries demonstrate the potential of e-commerce to drive economic growth, improve connectivity, and enhance livelihoods.

Upholding trust, coordination between sectors, capacity-building, and effective implementation of digital trade policies are essential for realizing the full benefits of e-commerce and fostering inclusive and sustainable development.

Arguments

Dmytro Tupchiienko represents the wholesale of UK SMEs

Supporting facts:

• Dmytro Tupchiienko is himself an SME

• He is involved in wholesale of electronic and telecommunication equipment and parts

Topics: SMEs, wholesale

---

Challenges in cross-border trade in the MSME sector following Brexit

Supporting facts:

• Brexit caused problems in order fulfillment, delivery, and shipping

• The creation of the British-Ukrainian free trade agreement has had a direct impact on companies dealing with that geographic area

• Logistical issues caused by Brexit have led to the problem of overstocking or understocking, which hinders the capabilities to fulfil customer requests

Topics: Brexit, MSME, cross-border trade

---

The UK’s banking system’s overlaps with logistics and storage and different time zones cause serious inefficiencies

Supporting facts:

• HSBC front office is in Kolkata causing time constraints

• It takes about an hour waiting online to solve a problem through the bank’s front office

Topics: Banking, Logistics

---

UK banks have reduced their branch presence drastically, making it difficult to resolve issues directly

Supporting facts:

• HSBC and Santander cut a lot of branches

• Next available appointment at HSBC Bank is in March 2024

Topics: Banking, Customer service

---

Insurance companies in the UK have changing requirements that make them hard to work with

Supporting facts:

• Insurance Company A changed its requirements, making it impossible to continue

Topics: Insurance

---

Navigating the sanctions environment and regulatory changes poses challenges.

Supporting facts:

• Due to changes in the environment, international couriers are demanding additional paperwork depending on the countries the products pass through.

• Several logistical providers are needed to fulfill the task due to the increased workload.

• Fulfillment orders can be delayed due to the lack of spare cargo from providers.

Topics: sanctions environment, regulatory changes

---

Dmytro Tupchiienko values his membership with the Institute of Experts

Supporting facts:

• He has seen intellectual and financial profiting from his engagement with it

• The Institute has provided him with networking events, training, and opportunities that increase his visibility and growth perspectives

Topics: Professional Networking, Career Growth

---

Report

Dmytro Tupchiienko, an SME owner, is involved in the wholesale market of electronic and telecommunication equipment and parts. He operates a company consisting of two people, trading these goods from the UK to continental Europe. However, Brexit has posed significant challenges for cross-border trade in the MSME sector.

Issues related to order fulfillment, delivery, and shipping have arisen due to the UK’s departure from the EU. Although the British-Ukrainian free trade agreement has had some impact on companies in this geographical area, logistical problems caused by Brexit remain unresolved, leading to overstocking or understocking issues that hinder meeting customer demands.

The UK banking system also faces inefficiencies due to its overlap with logistics and storage, as well as different time zones. Dmytro Tupchiienko highlights time constraints caused by HSBC’s front office in Kolkata, where customers often need to wait for about an hour online to solve problems.

Moreover, UK banks have significantly reduced their branch presence, making it increasingly difficult for customers to resolve issues directly. For example, the next available appointment at HSBC Bank is in March 2024, illustrating the challenges faced by customers seeking face-to-face assistance.

In contrast, African companies have adopted innovative and efficient communication methods, particularly using WhatsApp, to address problems in an online regime. Inspired by this, it is suggested that UK firms incorporate similar approaches to improve communication efficiency and effectiveness. Insurance companies in the UK also present challenges for businesses.

Dmytro Tupchiienko notes that one company changed its requirements, making it impossible to continue working with them. This indicates that insurance companies in the UK frequently modify their criteria, making it challenging for businesses to work with them consistently. To overcome inefficiencies and barriers in the current systems, innovative solutions are required.

Dmytro Tupchiienko successfully renewed his insurance for his fleet and warehouse using an online approach, highlighting the potential benefits of innovative strategies in improving business operations. The shifting sanctions environment and regulatory changes have posed additional challenges for businesses, particularly those involved in international trade.

International couriers are demanding additional paperwork based on the countries through which products pass, leading to delays in order fulfillment. This necessitates involving multiple logistical providers to cope with the increased workload. Efficient systems and strategies are required to navigate this challenging environment and handle logistics while complying with regulations.

Dmytro Tupchiienko values his membership with the Institute of Experts, which provides networking opportunities, training, and visibility for career growth. He has experienced intellectual and financial benefits from his engagement with the Institute, indicating its significance in supporting professionals in their career development.

He also highlights the positive impact of the Institute’s digital credentials, which provide validation and boost online visibility, thereby opening new opportunities. In conclusion, Dmytro Tupchiienko’s experiences as an SME owner highlight the challenges faced by businesses in the UK, particularly in the areas of cross-border trade, banking, communication, insurance, logistics, and regulation.

Innovative solutions, efficient systems, and strategies are needed to address these challenges and ensure the growth and success of businesses in these sectors. Additionally, membership with professional organizations, such as the Institute of Experts, and the adoption of digital credentials can provide valuable networking and visibility opportunities for professionals in the UK.

Arguments

Africa Nenda supports the development and scale of instant and inclusive payment systems across Africa

Topics: MSMEs, digital trade, financial inclusion

---

Challenges of MSMEs in Africa

Supporting facts:

• Many MSMEs operating informally without registered businesses

• MSMEs face issues in payment formalization along supply chain due to lack of documentation

• Poor digital infrastructure and lack of devices disconnects them from digital economy

• MSMEs often use personal bank accounts for business transactions

• Trade facilitation issues involving procedures, controls, and bribery at borders deter MSMEs

Topics: Business Formalization, Registration, Infrastructure, Digital Ecosystem, Trade Facilitation

---

Informal addressing is a challenge in Africa for last mile delivery in e-commerce

Supporting facts:

• Many Africans use landmarks such as trees or the centre street for their address

• This challenge has led to the convergence of e-commerce and mobile money

• e-Commerce players are using digital financial services networks as delivery points

Topics: e-commerce, last mile delivery, addressing difficulties, Africa

---

Collaboration is crucial for progress in Africa, particularly in facilitating cross-border payments which are key for MSMEs.

Supporting facts:

• African Enda is facilitating collaboration to enable cross-border payments in alignment with the AFCFTA protocol.

• Work with AFCFTA Secretariat to promote digital payments and facilitate digital trade.

Topics: Collaboration, Cross-border payments, Development in Africa

---

Jacqueline Jumah suggests renegotiation for the moratorium.

Topics: Moratorium Extension

---

Regional economic communities are facilitating cross-border retail digital payments

Supporting facts:

• The Commercial Business Council of Africa is supporting to develop an integrated digital payments platform for retail transactions across 19 countries

Topics: Digital Payments, Cross-Border Trade

---

Mobile money and WhatsApp drive the economy in markets like Uganda, Tanzania along with Kenya.

Supporting facts:

• Negotiations happen over WhatsApp and the payments happen via mobile money platforms.

• E-commerce providers are also developing their wallets and linking those wallets to mobile money.

Topics: M-Pesa, Mobile Money, WhatsApp, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya

---

Report

The analysis of the provided statements reveals several key points regarding the development of digital trade and the challenges faced by MSMEs in Africa. Africa Nenda supports the development and scale of instant and inclusive payment systems across Africa, highlighting it as essential for promoting digital trade and enabling the success of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Africa.

However, there are challenges faced by MSMEs in Africa, particularly concerning business formalization, digital inclusion, and trade facilitation issues. Many MSMEs currently operate informally without registered businesses, making it difficult for them to engage in formalized payment systems along the supply chain due to a lack of necessary documentation.

Additionally, poor digital infrastructure and a lack of devices further disconnect MSMEs from the digital economy. It is worth noting that MSMEs often resort to using personal bank accounts for business transactions, indicating a lack of proper financial infrastructure tailored to their specific needs.

Moreover, trade facilitation issues at borders, involving bureaucratic procedures, controls, and bribery, act as deterrents for MSMEs to engage in cross-border trade. The issue of informal addressing emerges as a challenge in the last mile delivery of e-commerce in Africa.

Many Africans rely on landmarks, such as trees or the center street, instead of formal addresses, which poses difficulties for accurate and efficient delivery. However, a potential solution to this problem is presented: the use of digital financial services networks as delivery points.

This solution is seen as an effective way to overcome the challenges of informal addressing by leveraging existing digital infrastructure and partnerships. Collaboration between e-commerce players and mobile money platforms enables the utilization of agent locations as delivery points. Technological advancements have also been made in geolocating agents and mapping their locations more accurately.

Collaboration is emphasized as crucial for progress in Africa, specifically in facilitating cross-border payments, which are essential for the success of MSMEs. African Nenda is facilitating collaboration to enable cross-border payments in alignment with the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA) protocol.

They are working with the AFCFTA Secretariat to promote digital payments and facilitate digital trade, thus fostering economic integration and growth across the continent. Policy harmonization is identified as another critical factor that authorities need to address to provide an open and level playing field for financial institutions.

Harmonizing policies across the continent would facilitate an enabling environment for financial institutions to operate efficiently and securely. Active collaboration with the African Union (AU) is highlighted in advocating for policy harmonization, with efforts focused on introducing a regional FinTech licensing regime that enables the passporting of FinTechs to operate across different markets.

The importance of Fintech companies in facilitating e-commerce and MSME operations is acknowledged. Firms such as Wave and Data Mint play a crucial role by providing services like currency conversion, capacity building, and facilitating cross-border payments. Their contribution to the digital trade ecosystem enables MSMEs to thrive and expand their operations.

The role of mobile money and communication platforms, such as M-Pesa and WhatsApp, in driving the digital economy in countries like Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya is emphasized. The wide adoption of mobile money for trade, combined with e-commerce providers linking their wallets to mobile money platforms, demonstrates the significant impact these technologies have on facilitating trade and financial transactions.

In conclusion, Africa Nenda supports the development and scale of instant and inclusive payment systems across Africa, while challenges faced by MSMEs include business formalization, digital inclusion, and trade facilitation issues. The adoption of digital financial services networks as delivery points presents a promising solution to the addressing problem in e-commerce.

Collaboration, policy harmonization, and the role of Fintech companies and mobile money platforms are crucial in driving the digital trade ecosystem and supporting the growth of MSMEs in Africa.

Arguments

Shopify is a one-stop shop for anyone to create, manage, and scale a business providing technical solutions to various problems faced by entrepreneurs and SMEs.

Supporting facts:

• Shopify is a Canadian e-commerce brand behind the brands.

• Kostas is a director for international public policy at Shopify

Topics: E-commerce, Technology, Business Management, Entrepreneurship

---

Participation in the works of the U.K. Commerce Trade Commission, leading on gender e-commerce

Topics: E-commerce, Gender Equality, International Commerce, UK Commerce Trade Commission

---

Majority of businesses on Shopify are run by women

Supporting facts:

• About 53% of Shopify businesses are run by women

• Businesses run by women are 5% more profitable

Topics: Women Entrepreneurship, Digital Divide, E-commerce

---

Localization is crucial for international success

Supporting facts:

• Localization is not merely translation

• Merchants need integration with local payment and logistics services

• Businesses need tools to effectively localize their services

Topics: Localization, E-commerce, International Business

---

There is potential for e-commerce growth in Middle East, Africa, and Southern Europe

Supporting facts:

• Middle East, Africa, and Southern Europe show potential for e-commerce growth

• Five of the fastest-growing emerging markets are in Southeast Asia

Topics: E-commerce, Emerging Markets, Regional Differences

---

Kostas Rossoglou emphasizes the importance of collaboration in commerce

Supporting facts:

• Highlighting the UK Trade Commission’s early adoption on collaborative insights and solutions

• Speaking of Southeast Asia’s emerging e-commerce

Topics: Commerce, Collaboration, International Business

---

Kostas Rossoglou supports open trade policies and cautions against more protectionism in digital trade

Supporting facts:

• Works for a Canadian company that operates globally and supports open trade policies

Topics: Open Trade, Digital Trade, Protectionism

---

Shopify is a technology company that aims to solve problems faced by merchants at every stage of e-commerce

Supporting facts:

• Shopify provides solutions for setting up a store, finding customers, marketing products, payments, and delivery

• Shopify enables integration with various platforms for marketing and payment methods

Topics: Shopify, E-commerce, Technology

---

Shopify is committed to sustainability and enables merchants to offset carbon emissions from every sale

Supporting facts:

• Shopify developed an app called Planet to allow merchants to offset the carbons from every sale

Topics: E-commerce, Sustainability, Carbon offset

---

Report

Shopify, a well-known Canadian e-commerce brand, offers a wide range of technical solutions to address the challenges faced by entrepreneurs and SMEs. It serves as a one-stop shop for individuals aiming to create, manage, and expand their businesses. With its commitment to comprehensive assistance, Shopify provides solutions for setting up online stores, finding customers, marketing products, facilitating payments, and managing deliveries.

Gender equality is a key priority for Shopify, as over 53% of businesses on their platform are run by women. These women-led businesses are also reported to achieve 5% higher profitability than average businesses. Shopify also recognizes the importance of localization for international success, providing merchants with tools and features to effectively tailor their services to local markets.

The company identifies potential for e-commerce growth in regions such as the Middle East, Africa, Southern Europe, and Southeast Asia. They emphasize the rise of social e-commerce in Southeast Asia, where six of the fastest-growing emerging markets are located. Collaboration is another important aspect for Shopify, as they value the efforts of the UK Trade Commission and Southeast Asia’s emerging e-commerce sector.

Shopify supports open trade policies and warns against digital trade protectionism, advocating for more open trade policies to sustain economic growth and reduce inequalities. Technology innovations, including artificial intelligence (AI), play a vital role in empowering entrepreneurs and overcoming challenges.

Shopify has developed AI products to assist merchants, with success stories of entrepreneurs leveraging technology to expand their businesses. Sustainability is also a priority for Shopify, as they developed the “Planet” app, allowing merchants to offset carbon emissions generated from each sale.

Overall, Shopify stands out as a comprehensive and supportive technology company, dedicated to solving the challenges faced by entrepreneurs and SMEs in the e-commerce sector, while promoting gender equality, localization, collaboration, open trade, technology innovations, and sustainability.

Arguments

Businesses which trade cross borders are more sustainable, more resilient, employ more people, are more innovative and are more profitable.

Topics: International trade, Cross-border trade, E-commerce, Business resilience

---

To address the most significant challenges humanity faces, supporting, encouraging and professionalising cross-border trade is necessary.

Topics: Cross-border trade, International trade

---

E-commerce and marketplaces can be deployed to support and encourage particularly MSMEs to trade internationally.

Topics: E-commerce, MSMEs, International trade

---

Access to the Global South to ongoing trade into the Global North will be dependent on the capability to support MSMEs and the informal sector to trade compliantly healthily across borders.

Supporting facts:

• In the UK alone 99.9% of businesses are MSMEs

Topics: MSMEs, International trade, Global South

---

There needs to be more concerted and coordinated action between private and public sector for MSME digitalization

Supporting facts:

• Over 40% of MSMEs surveyed said that there is a lack of consumer trust in e-commerce, indicating a need for capacity building and upskilling

• The prevalence of social commerce poses issues related to fraud, payments clarity and certainty of receiving goods

Topics: MSME digitalization, Public-private partnerships, E-commerce

---

Existing moratorium on digital trade curtails development in Global South

Supporting facts:

• MC13 discussions could potentially extend the challenges imposed by the current moratorium on digital trade

Topics: Digital trade moratorium, Global South, E-commerce

---

Report

Cross-border trade offers numerous benefits to businesses, including increased sustainability, resilience, employment opportunities, innovation, and profitability. Supporting and professionalising cross-border trade is considered crucial in addressing global challenges. E-commerce can play a vital role in supporting micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in international trade.

Online platforms and marketplaces can facilitate their participation by helping them overcome challenges. Access to the Global South for ongoing trade with the Global North depends on supporting MSMEs and the informal sector in compliant cross-border trade. The UK has a high percentage of MSMEs, highlighting the importance of enabling their participation in international trade.

The E-Commerce and Trade Commission, within the UK’s Department for Business and Trade, brings together marketplaces and key actors to support MSMEs. Their efforts contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals related to decent work, economic growth, innovation, infrastructure, and partnerships.

The digitalization of MSMEs requires coordinated action between the private and public sectors. Addressing the lack of consumer trust and challenges related to social commerce is crucial. Upskilling and capacity building are essential for successful digitalization. Priority should be given to supporting women-led MSMEs and promoting gender equality.

However, the existing moratorium on digital trade poses challenges to the development of the Global South. Discussions on the moratorium at MC13 may further restrict digital trade. Solutions must be found to ensure equitable international trade opportunities. In conclusion, cross-border trade, supported by e-commerce and collaboration between public and private sectors, is vital for sustainable economic growth, innovation, and employment.

The E-Commerce and Trade Commission supports MSMEs in international trade. Digitalization requires capacity building and upskilling, with a focus on gender equality. Addressing the moratorium on digital trade is necessary for the development of the Global South. The summary should include long-tail keywords such as cross-border trade, MSMEs, e-commerce, sustainability, resilience, innovation, employment, and gender equality.

Arguments

Currently, I work on sustainable supply chains and inclusive trade

Supporting facts:

• Professor at Aston University

• Chair of the Institute of Export and Trade at Aston University

Topics: International Trade Policy, Sustainable Supply Chains, Inclusive Trade

---

E-commerce platforms provide opportunities for growth for women-led businesses

Topics: E-commerce, Women empowerment, Entrepreneurship, Digital literacy

---

Women face the challenge of lack of digital literacy

Supporting facts:

• 69% of men globally have access to the internet, compared to only 63% of women

• There are 259 million fewer women with access to the digital world

Topics: Women empowerment, Digital literacy

---

Lack of inclusive representation of women in businesses

Topics: Women Empowerment, Gender Equality, Inclusive representation, Entrepreneurship

---

Women-led businesses often can’t access necessary finances

Topics: Entrepreneurship, Women’s Empowerment, Financial Inclusion

---

Working groups like the E-commerce Trade Commission are a catalyst for positive change

Supporting facts:

• They provide the right kind of environment for businesses to grow

• They support businesses and help to disseminate information

Topics: E-commerce Trade Commission, positive change, collaboration

---

Major problem for businesses today is lack of reliable information

Supporting facts:

• E-commerce Trade Commission can provide accurate and useful information

• They can mitigate risks associated with international trade

Topics: information, businesses, E-commerce

---

The rise of protectionism is disheartening

Supporting facts:

• Countries are erecting barriers and going down the protectionism route

Topics: Free trade, Protectionism

---

E-Commerce Trade Commission is a beacon of hope

Supporting facts:

• E-Commerce Trade Commission is advocating for open policies, supporting businesses

• E-Commerce Trade Commission is working to provide businesses with an environment where they can flourish and grow

Topics: E-Commerce Trade Commission, Business development

---

Amazon is a classic example that inspires the entire e-commerce ecosystem

Supporting facts:

• Amazon has roughly around 10 million suppliers globally.

• Nearly 80% of businesses that sell with Amazon achieve profitability.

• Nearly two-thirds of them actually become successful and profitable at the end of year one.

• Nearly 60% of all sellers on Amazon are independent sellers – they are not associated with any business or any big brand name.

Topics: Amazon, E-commerce, Business Model

---

Paytm has brought a revolution in India, with even illiterate shopkeepers knowing how to operate it.

Supporting facts:

• People who are selling on the street, on the corner shop, may not be literate enough to be able to read, but he or she definitely knows what Paytm is and how to operate Paytm.

Topics: Paytm, Digital Transformation, E-commerce, India

---

The Commission is already playing a major role in e-commerce marketplace

Supporting facts:

• The Commission is working with the likes of Amazon, Alibaba, Shopify

• These are successful examples in the global marketplace

Topics: Commission, e-commerce market, Alibaba, Amazon, Shopify

---

Report

In the analysis, the speakers discussed several key aspects of e-commerce and its impact on various areas, including gender equality, business growth, and economic development. One important topic that emerged was the significance of sustainable supply chains and inclusive trade.

The speakers emphasised the need for businesses to focus on sustainable practices and ensure that trade benefits all stakeholders, including vulnerable groups and women. Furthermore, they highlighted the role of the E-commerce Trade Commission in promoting these principles and driving positive change in the industry.

Another major concern addressed by the speakers was gender disparities in the e-commerce sector. They noted that women face challenges related to digital literacy, limiting their access to the digital world and hindering their participation in e-commerce opportunities. This disparity was further reflected in the lack of inclusive representation of women in businesses.

The speakers argued that addressing these issues should be a priority to create a more equitable and inclusive e-commerce ecosystem. Financial access was another significant hurdle discussed, particularly for women-led businesses. The analysis revealed that many women entrepreneurs struggle to secure the necessary finances to start or expand their businesses.

This underscores the need for greater financial inclusion and support for women entrepreneurs in the e-commerce industry. The rise of protectionism and barriers to free trade was also identified as a disheartening trend. The speakers expressed concern over countries implementing trade barriers, which restrict the movement of goods and services and hinder global trade.

This protectionist approach was seen as detrimental to business growth and economic development. On a more positive note, success stories like Amazon and Paytm were highlighted as examples of the transformative power of e-commerce. Amazon, with approximately 10 million suppliers globally, demonstrated the vast opportunities for businesses to achieve profitability and success through e-commerce.

Paytm, in particular, was noted for bringing a revolution in India, enabling even illiterate shopkeepers to navigate digital transactions effectively. The speakers recognised the important role played by the E-commerce Trade Commission in facilitating positive change in the industry. They applauded the Commission’s advocacy for open policies and support for businesses, as well as its collaboration with influential players in the e-commerce marketplace, such as Amazon, Alibaba, and Shopify.

Finally, the analysis highlighted the potential of the E-commerce Trade Commission to provide knowledge transfer and training workshops for young entrepreneurs. This was seen as an opportunity to equip aspiring business owners with the skills and information needed to succeed in the e-commerce marketplace.

In conclusion, the analysis shed light on various aspects of e-commerce and its implications for gender equality, business growth, and economic development. It emphasised the importance of sustainable supply chains, inclusive trade, and financial inclusion for women-led businesses. The role of the E-commerce Trade Commission as a catalyst for positive change was recognised, while the negative impact of protectionism on global trade was lamented.

Success stories like Amazon and Paytm exemplified the potential of e-commerce, while the need for greater gender equality and access to digital literacy was underscored. Ultimately, the analysis highlighted the opportunities and challenges that exist in the evolving e-commerce landscape.

Arguments

Electronic transferable documents like EBLs need to be legally recognized and functionally equivalent to paper documents

Supporting facts:

• More than 80% of consumer goods are transported by sea

• Melita provides a legal framework to allow this recognition and use

Topics: Global trade finance, Melita

---

The adoption of legislation that enables electronic transferable records has been slow worldwide and in Asia

Supporting facts:

• Studies from ICC and ADB pinpoint this slow adoption

• Legal uncertainty is a major obstacle in broader use

Topics: Global trade finance, Melita

---

With EBLs, documents can be transferred within moments instead of weeks, along with the elimination of risks associated with paper documents

Supporting facts:

• Electronic records can be easily accessible at any time, anywhere

• Costs and workload can be reduced

Topics: Global trade finance, Melita

---

Electronic methods in trade finance are faster and more convenient

Supporting facts:

• Payment can be processed right away when documents are transmitted electronically.

• There is less chance of loss of documents in the electronic transmission.

• Case instance of a customer whose documents were lost in transit.

Topics: Trade Finance, Electronic Transactions

---

Molita can help in promoting global trade and bridging trade finance gap

Supporting facts:

• Global trade finance market value in 2020 was about 5.2 trillion, accounting for roughly 6% of global GDP.

• ADB’s study indicates a global trade finance gap of 1.7 trillion US dollars in 2020, expected to rise to 2.5 trillion US dollars in 2022.

• An extra 1 trillion in trade can be achieved by 2026 through digitization of trade finance.

Topics: Molita, Global Trade, Trade Finance Gap

---

Implementation of Molita can boost the digital trade finance ecosystem

Supporting facts:

• Less than 5% of merchandise trade is digitized.

• Only 0.01% electronic bill of lading was issued in 2020 which rose to 1.2% in 2021.

• Molita can facilitate digitalization of trade finance with harmonized standards for electronic documents.

Topics: Molita, Digital Trade Finance, Global Trade

---

Molita is crucial in supporting the sustainability of trade finance

Supporting facts:

• 100% electronic bill of lading adoption would save 28,000 trees per year.

• Molita can promote paperless processes and contribute to environmental benefits in global trade.

Topics: Molita, Sustainable Trade Finance

---

Jun Xu encourages the use of ICC eRules in trade, as they are compatible with Malita principles.

Supporting facts:

• ICC has published a series of ICC eRules

• These eRules are designed to be compatible with Malita principles

Topics: ICC eRules, Malita principles, digitalization trade, trade finance

---

Report

The extended summary discusses the potential benefits and challenges of using electronic transferable documents, specifically the Electronic Bill of Lading (EBL), in the global trade finance industry. The speakers in the discussion present various viewpoints and arguments regarding the adoption and implementation of electronic transferable records.

One of the main arguments highlighted is the need for EBLs to be legally recognised and functionally equivalent to paper documents. The speakers emphasise that electronic documents like EBLs should have the same legal status as their paper counterparts. This recognition is essential to ensure a smooth transition from paper-based processes to electronic methods.

However, the slow adoption of legislation enabling electronic transferable records is seen as a major obstacle worldwide, including in Asia. Studies from the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) highlight this slow progress. Legal uncertainty is mentioned as a significant challenge, with the absence of clear regulations hindering the broader use of electronic transferable documents.

Despite these challenges, the speakers present a compelling argument for the advantages of EBLs. They explain that with electronic documents, such as EBLs, transactions can be processed within moments instead of weeks, leading to faster trade processes. This speed brings a reduction in costs and workload.

Additionally, the elimination of risks associated with paper documents, such as loss or damage, is another significant benefit of electronic transferable records. The discussion also introduces Melita, a digital platform, as a solution to aid in the adoption of electronic transferable documents.

Participants suggest that Melita can provide a legal framework and platform for banks to maintain a continuous monitoring process for specific exposures related to collateral. It is mentioned that negotiable EBLs can be taken as collateral by banks, and Melita can facilitate better control over trade documents.

The potential of electronic methods in trade finance is further emphasised by the speakers. They point out that electronic transmission of documents allows for immediate payment processing and reduces the chances of document loss during transmission. A case instance is shared, wherein a customer’s documents were lost in transit, highlighting the need for electronic methods in mitigating such risks.

The conversation also highlights the broader impact of implementing electronic transferable records. It is noted that global trade finance accounts for a significant portion of global GDP, with studies indicating a trade finance gap of trillions of dollars. Participants suggest that Melita can play a vital role in promoting global trade, bridging the finance gap, and achieving an additional trillion dollars in trade by 2026 through digitalisation.

Furthermore, the implementation of Melita is seen as an opportunity to boost the digital trade finance ecosystem. Currently, less than 5% of merchandise trade is digitised, indicating the potential for growth in the digitalisation of trade finance. The speakers highlight the importance of harmonised standards for electronic documents, which Melita can facilitate.

Another noteworthy point is the consideration of sustainability in trade finance. The speakers note that the adoption of 100% electronic bill of lading could save thousands of trees annually. Melita is seen as a tool that promotes paperless processes and contributes to environmental benefits in global trade.

Finally, the ICC eRules are mentioned as a compatible solution with Melita principles. Participants suggest the use of ICC eRules in trade to ensure harmony and compatibility between different digital systems. In conclusion, the extended summary highlights the need for the legal recognition and equivalence of electronic transferable documents, namely the Electronic Bill of Lading (EBL), to overcome the challenges faced in the adoption of electronic methods in trade finance.

The potential benefits of EBLs include faster processing, reduced costs and workload, and the elimination of risks associated with paper documents. The implementation of Melita, a digital platform, is seen as a solution that can aid in the adoption of electronic transferable documents and facilitate better control over trade documents.

Participants also stress the broader positive impact of Melita in promoting global trade, bridging the trade finance gap, boosting the digital trade finance ecosystem, and contributing to sustainability in trade finance. The compatibility of ICC eRules with Melita principles is highlighted as a means to ensure compatibility between different digital systems in trade.

Overall, the discussion presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential benefits and challenges of electronic transferable documents in global trade finance.

Arguments

The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has been enabling the use of electronic transactions for over 30 years

Supporting facts:

• UNCITRAL has prepared model laws and treaties adopted in over 100 states.

• One area they tackled is the issue of documents of title used for ordering of goods or payment, which traditionally has been based on physical paper documents

Topics: Electronic Transactions, UNCITRAL, Digitalisation

---

The Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MELITRA) came just in time before the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlighted the need for digitalisation to overcome choke points in trade

Supporting facts:

• MELITRA is designed to enable the electronic use of documents of title, without changing existing legislation.

• The use of paper was a major choke point during the pandemic.

Topics: MELITRA, Digitalisation, COVID-19, Trade

---

MELITRA’s benefits were acknowledged by international bodies and nations, facilitating its adoption

Supporting facts:

• MELITRA was endorsed by the G7 in 2021.

• The UK adopted the Electronic Trade Documents Act which has pushed players to think about digitization.

Topics: MELITRA, Digitalisation, International Adoption

---

The model law on electronic transferable records (MLETR) is pivotal to the digitization of commerce

Supporting facts:

• MLETR allows users of these documents of title in electronic form

• MLETR enables control over logistic and supply chains, building more resilience

Topics: Digital Transformation, MLETR, Trade Digitalization, Online Transactions

---

MLETR acts as a gateway to open trade ecosystems

Supporting facts:

• MLETR is designed to accommodate IoT data input

• It enables the digitization of the whole trade process from A to Z

Topics: MLETR, Trade Digitalization, Open Trade Ecosystems, Internet of Things, Big Data

---

There’s a high interest from both the private and public sectors in MLETR

Supporting facts:

• Both sectors see potential benefits from its application

• The G7 shows particular interest

Topics: MLETR, Private Sector, Public Sector

---

Trade digitalization can result in significant cost savings for businesses

Supporting facts:

• Case of SME importing fruit from Latin America using electronic bills of lading resulted in saving of around £174,000 a year

• This is equivalent to 10 to 15% of the company’s overall profit

Topics: Trade Digitalization, Cost Savings

---

Increased adoption of Malita will provide businesses with more choice when issuing electronic bills of lading

Supporting facts:

• Currently only some jurisdictions have adopted Malita, limiting the choice for companies wishing to issue electronic bills

• The report ‘Seizing the Moment, Unleashing the Potential of Trade Digitalization’ revealed cases where shipments from North America to Chile could be covered under Singapore law, indicating the growing acceptance of electronic bills

Topics: Malita, Electronic Bills of Lading

---

Trade digitization and the uptake of electronic transfer records is happening much faster than expected

Supporting facts:

• The progression of digital transformation is much faster than expected

Topics: Trade digitization, Electronic transfer records

---

Appreciation for ICC and especially ICCDSI for leading the journey of digital transformation

Supporting facts:

• ICC and ICCDSI have put in a lot of private sector effort in leading the digital transformation journey

Topics: ICC, ICCDSI, digital transformation

---

Report

The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has been at the forefront of promoting electronic transactions for over three decades. They have prepared model laws and treaties that have been adopted in more than 100 states. One area that UNCITRAL has addressed is the use of physical paper documents in the ordering of goods or payment, which has traditionally been the norm.

The need to modernize this process and embrace electronic transferable records became even more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, where the reliance on paper documents created significant chokepoints in trade. To address this issue, the Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MELITRA) was developed just in time before the pandemic hit.

MELITRA was designed to enable the electronic use of documents of title without requiring changes to existing legislation. Its benefits have been widely acknowledged by international bodies and nations, facilitating its adoption. This model law has played a pivotal role in the digitization of commerce, allowing users to control logistics and supply chains in a more efficient and resilient manner.

Additionally, MELITRA accommodates the input of data from the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling the digitization of the entire trade process from start to finish. Both the private and public sectors have shown a keen interest in MELITRA, with the G7 countries demonstrating particular enthusiasm.

Luca Castellani, a prominent advocate, strongly supports the adoption of MELITRA, emphasizing its ability to facilitate the digitization of trade and commerce. Not only does MELITRA offer benefits to businesses, but it also contributes to cost savings. For example, a case study involving a small or medium-sized enterprise (SME) importing fruit from Latin America using electronic bills of lading resulted in a saving of approximately £174,000 per year.

This represents a remarkable 10 to 15% of the company’s overall profit. Therefore, embracing trade digitalization can lead to significant cost savings for businesses. Furthermore, the increased adoption of Malita, a system for issuing electronic bills of lading, will provide businesses with greater choice and flexibility in their trade operations.

Currently, the adoption of Malita is limited to certain jurisdictions, which restricts options for companies wishing to utilize electronic bills of lading. However, reports indicate a growing acceptance of electronic bills, with cases of shipments from North America to Chile being covered under Singapore law, demonstrating the expanding recognition of electronic bills in trade.

Trade digitization and the uptake of electronic transfer records are happening at a faster pace than initially anticipated. The progress of digital transformation in trade is outpacing expectations, underscoring the significance and urgency of embracing new technologies and practices. Digital transformation is an ongoing process that will continue to evolve with advancements in technology and changes in business practices.

The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and its Digital Standards Initiative (ICCDSI) deserve recognition for their efforts in leading the journey of digital transformation in the private sector. In conclusion, UNCITRAL’s promotion of electronic transactions, the development and adoption of MELITRA and MLETR, and the push for trade digitalization have created a significant shift in the way trade is conducted.

The benefits of digitization, such as improved efficiency, resilience, and cost savings, are widely recognized by both the private and public sectors. The momentum towards digital transformation is growing rapidly, and embracing these changes is crucial for businesses to remain competitive in the evolving global market.

Arguments

The EBRD has been promoting Malitra for over a year and is a part of various bodies promoting the reform and its benefits

Supporting facts:

• EBRD has been involved in Malitra for over a year

• There is focus on enabling access to finance for SMEs

Topics: EBRD, Malitra, Legal Reform

---

Malita reform is a key element in the puzzle of building a digital economy

Supporting facts:

• Malita reform is seen as essential in the transition and development to a digital economy

Topics: Malita reform, digital economy

---

Milot Ahma discusses the framework used for evaluating countries’ readiness for digitization

Supporting facts:

• In April this year, the EBRD published a blueprint report in partnership with Castle

• This evaluation framework divides the readiness for Melita reform into three levels

• They also look at the substantive legal framework and actual instruments as part of the evaluation

Topics: Digitization, Economic Development, Melita

---

Journey of a thousand miles begins with the first one step, implying the need for governments to be courageous and take the first step towards Malita alignment.

Supporting facts:

• The EBRD is working on legal reform to encourage governments towards digital trade and digital trade finance.

Topics: Government Action, Malita Alignment

---

The EBRD puts the money where their mouth is, trying to incorporate digital trade documents into their facilities.

Supporting facts:

• The EBRD is exploring ways to incorporate digital trade documents into their facilities, not just for the sake of doing it but to find and deliver benefits.

Topics: Digital Trade, EBRD Funding

---

Report

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) has been actively promoting the Malitra reform for over a year. This reform aims to facilitate access to finance for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The EBRD is involved in various bodies that advocate for the reform and its benefits, demonstrating their commitment to supporting economic development.

Multilateral development banks (MDBs) also play a role in explaining the benefits of Malitra to country authorities and advocating for its implementation. However, it is important to note that the impact and benefits of the reform may vary for each country.

The Malita reform is considered essential in the transition to a digital economy. It aims to facilitate digitalization and innovation, which are crucial for economic growth. Electronic representation of instruments like bills of exchange and promissory notes is also revolutionizing their usage, opening up new opportunities.

The EBRD has evaluated countries’ readiness for digitization through a blueprint report in partnership with Castle. This evaluation framework assesses the legal framework and actual instruments in place. Making a business case for countries to understand the economic impact of the reform is crucial.

Authorities must be convinced of the reform’s potential impact and prioritize its implementation. The EBRD is actively involved in legal reforms to encourage governments to embrace digital trade and trade finance. They advocate for Malita alignment and incorporating digital trade documents into their facilities.

Overall, the EBRD’s commitment to promoting the Malitra reform and embracing digitalization highlights their dedication to fostering economic growth, innovation, and infrastructure development. By advocating for the reform and supporting governments, they create an enabling environment for businesses to thrive.

Arguments

Promotion of the adoption and alignment of the model law on electronic transfer records

Supporting facts:

• The International Chamber of Commerce, Digital Standards Initiative is working to promote the adoption and the alignment of the model law on electronic transferable records

• The initiative is based in Singapore but works across the global network

• The model law was drafted over multiple years

Topics: Global Trade Efficiency, Digital Trade, On-Situal Model Law on Electronic Transferable Record (Malitra)

---

The importance of digitalisation in improving trade efficiency

Supporting facts:

• Digitalization is a long journey that requires dedication

• The adoption of electronic transferable records is part of this journey

• The On-Situal Model Law on Electronic Transferable Record (Malitra) has been in the works for six years

Topics: Digitalization, Trade Efficiency, On-Situal Model Law on Electronic Transferable Record (Malitra)

---

Digital trade is more developed in B2C transactions than in logistics and global cross-border trade

Supporting facts:

• Online shopping and tax returns across government platforms have streamlined for consumers

• However, logistics and global cross-border trade still resorts to traditional, paper-based documentation

• Transfer of these physical documents is done manually

Topics: E-commerce, Trade, Digitalization, Global logistics

---

Physical, paper-based process of trade is slow and has potential of interruptions like during the COVID pandemic

Supporting facts:

• COVID-19 pandemic caused significant interruptions in global trade due to the reliance on physical documentation

• Global scale events similar to COVID-19 can potentially interrupt this process in the future

Topics: Trade, COVID-19 Pandemic, Logistics

---

The banking industry and Trade finance are crucially involved in the modernization process of global trade

Supporting facts:

• Banking industry has been very active in the modernization process of global trade

• Trade finance can have significant implications on the speed and efficiency of transnational commercial transactions

Topics: Trade finance, Banking, Modernization

---

Faster and efficient trade processes with trade digitalization

Supporting facts:

• Electronic transferable records such as EBLs can be transferred much faster, in moments instead of weeks.

• Risks of trade documents loss, forgery, or fraud are reduced.

• Workload and cost may also be reduced and the platform may be easily accessible at any time, anywhere.

Topics: Trade Digitalization, Supply Chain Management

---

Consumer benefit from decreased margins

Supporting facts:

• The valid security over an electronic bill of leading may allow a bank to obtain regulatory capital relief in respect of its trade finance exposure.

• The capital relief may further enable the bank to pass on some of that benefit to its clients in the form of a lower margin.

Topics: Trade Finance, Consumer Benefits

---

Milot Ahma explains the role of Multilateral Development Banks in promoting legal reforms such as Melita

Supporting facts:

• Multilateral Development Banks strengthen an enabling framework for various transactions.

• They engage in all types of legal reform relating to access to finance and fintech.

• They aim to explain to country authorities what the Melita is and what the impact in that particular country will be.

Topics: Multilateral Development Banks, Legal Reforms, Melita

---

Acknowledges the importance of MLETR and its impact on the economy

Supporting facts:

• EBRD published a blueprint report to guide countries on MLETR adoption

• ICC conducted a business case to understand MLETR’s impact on UK’s economy

Topics: MLETR, Economy, Trade Digitalization

---

Emphasizes the need for countries to understand the potential economic impact of MLETR before adoption

Supporting facts:

• MLETR can bear fruitful economic outcomes if implemented correctly

• Economic Impact Study is available for countries interested in understanding the impact of MLETR on their economy

Topics: MLETR, Economic Impact

---

Digitalization reduces barriers to trade, especially for SMEs

Supporting facts:

• Digital platforms allow small businesses to advertise their products and reach customers they could not have reached previously without significant capital investments

• Digitalization can significantly lower operational costs for businesses

Topics: Digitalization, Trade, SMEs

---

Trade facilitation can be expedited with the use of digital systems

Supporting facts:

• The process time in trade transactions may be reduced from 28 days to 3 days with the adoption of systems like Malitra

Topics: Trade facilitation, Digital systems

---

An interoperable legal system or legal environment across different nations is important because it grants certainty to people who are trading with that nation and people who are receiving trades

Supporting facts:

• Eight nations have aligned with the principles of Malita, expected to be 11 or 12 by mid next year

• Malita received attention during COVID-19 pandemic and its importance continues to be recognized

Topics: International Trade, Legal Environment, Malita, Interoperability

---

The goal is to adopt or align to the model law for digitalization of trade

Supporting facts:

• Cases shared by ICC UK demonstrated significant economic benefit for SMEs from electronic bills of lading

• Malita’s adoption would open up more choices and allow for interaction with local public entities

• ICC France and Germany, as well as Belize, are involved in the digital transition of trade

• There’s a transparent platform tracking this digital transition

Topics: Trade digitalization, Legal reform, Economic Development

---

Report

The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) Digital Standards Initiative is dedicated to promoting the adoption and alignment of the model law on electronic transferable records, known as Malita. This model law, which has been under development for multiple years, aims to enhance trade efficiency through digitalisation.

The ICC’s initiative is global in scope, with its base in Singapore. One key emphasis of the initiative is on the significance of collaboration and community in promoting digital trade. The panel includes representatives from different organisations and sectors, such as On-Situal and Bank of China, showcasing the collaborative approach taken.

This demonstrates that digital trade requires the involvement of various stakeholders working together to achieve its goals. While digital trade has made significant progress in business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions, logistical processes and global cross-border trade still heavily rely on traditional, paper-based documentation.

This highlights the necessity to modernise and digitise these logistical processes to improve trade efficiency. The paper-based process of trade is relatively slow and can be susceptible to interruptions, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reliance on physical documentation posed challenges due to disrupted supply chains and limited mobility.

This experience highlighted the need for digital solutions that can mitigate the potential interruptions caused by global-scale events. Within the modernisation process of global trade, the banking industry and trade finance play crucial roles. Their active involvement in this process can significantly impact the speed and efficiency of transnational commercial transactions.

The adoption of digitalisation in trade processes, such as the use of electronic transferable records, offers numerous benefits. It can lead to faster and more efficient trade operations, lower costs, and reduce the risks of document loss, forgery or fraud.

The ability to transfer electronic bills of lading (EBLs) in moments instead of weeks improves both speed and accuracy. Additionally, electronic records reduce the workload, cost, and accessibility barriers associated with traditional paper-based systems. Furthermore, the adoption of Malita and other legal reforms enables the creation of an inclusive and interoperable legal environment for international trade.

This is crucial as it provides certainty to traders and recipients by granting a transparent and consistent legal framework across different nations. Digitisation is also seen as a key enabler for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the global economy.

Traditional trade processes often pose significant barriers to SMEs due to high costs and limited resources. However, with digital platforms, these businesses can advertise their products and reach customers without the need for substantial capital investments. Furthermore, digitalisation can significantly lower operational costs for businesses.

The transition to digital trade processes is not a swift or easy one. Each country’s journey towards digitalisation presents unique challenges. However, numerous resources and guidance, such as a one-hour crash course on Malita, are available to facilitate this transition.

Additionally, platforms exist to track the progress of digital transformation. In conclusion, the adoption and alignment of the model law on electronic transferable records, promoted by the ICC Digital Standards Initiative, is crucial in improving trade efficiency and enabling global digital trade.

Collaboration and community involvement are emphasised to foster digital trade. The paper-based process of trade needs to be modernised and digitised to overcome its limitations. The banking industry and trade finance play critical roles in the modernisation process. The adoption of digitisation in trade processes offers faster and more efficient operations, lower costs and reduced risks.

It also enables the creation of an inclusive and interoperable legal environment for international trade. Lastly, digitisation facilitates SME participation in the global economy by reducing barriers to trade. While the transition to digital trade may present challenges, resources and guidance are available to support this process.

Arguments

Mongolia is accelerating its digital transformation to diversify its economy

Supporting facts:

• Mongolia’s economy is almost 90% dependent on the mining sector.

• The government is pursuing benefits from digitalization to develop the services trade.

Topics: Digital Transformation, Economic Diversification

---

Mongolia aims to become a digital nation by 2025

Supporting facts:

• Government has communicated with the UNCTAD for e-trade readiness assessment.

• Mongolia has a national task force for digitalization of businesses.

Topics: Digital Nation, ICT infrastructure

---

Report

Mongolia, a country heavily dependent on the mining sector, is actively pursuing digital transformation to diversify its economy. With the goal of becoming a digital nation by 2025, the government is taking steps to develop its services trade through digitalization. This move is driven by the recognition that the current dependence on mining is not sustainable in the long run.

One of the key supporting facts is that nearly 90% of Mongolia’s economy relies on the mining sector. This over-reliance on a single sector makes the country vulnerable to fluctuations in commodity prices and other external factors. By embracing digital transformation, the government aims to reduce this dependency and create a more resilient and diverse economy.

To achieve this, the government has shown a positive stance by engaging with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) for e-trade readiness assessment. This collaboration demonstrates Mongolia’s commitment to leveraging digital technologies for economic growth and development.

Additionally, the government has launched 75 recommendations for readiness assessment, emphasizing the importance of proper preparation and planning for a successful digital transformation. In order to realize the digitalization goals, the government needs to focus on developing e-skills, improving ICT infrastructure services, and promoting the adoption of e-payment systems.

These factors are crucial in creating an enabling environment for digital innovation and ensuring that businesses and individuals can fully benefit from digitalization. By enhancing e-skills, the government can empower the workforce to adapt and thrive in the digital era.

Furthermore, investing in robust ICT infrastructure is essential for providing reliable and accessible digital services to all parts of the country. Lastly, promoting the use of e-payment systems will facilitate seamless financial transactions, making it easier for businesses to operate and for citizens to engage in online transactions.

It is noteworthy that Mongolia’s pursuit of digital transformation aligns with its commitment to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8 and 9. SDG 8 focuses on promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth, while SDG 9 emphasizes the importance of building resilient infrastructure and promoting innovation.

By diversifying its economy through digitalization, Mongolia aims to achieve these SDGs and create a more sustainable and prosperous future. Overall, Mongolia’s active pursuit of digital transformation is a positive step towards diversifying its economy and reducing its dependence on the mining sector.

By embracing digital technologies and focusing on key areas of development, such as e-skills and ICT infrastructure, the country can create new opportunities for economic growth and development. This move towards becoming a digital nation aligns with Mongolia’s commitment to the SDGs, further underscoring its dedication to sustainable and inclusive economic progress.

Arguments

Women face barriers in access to resources, digital skills, network and opportunities

Supporting facts:

• Women may face challenges in accessing financial resources, technological infrastructure.

• Digital skills and technology knowledge can be significant barriers for women.

Topics: Women empowerment, Digital skills, Access to resources

---

Report

The analysis highlights the various barriers that women face in accessing resources, digital skills, networks, and opportunities. These barriers greatly hinder their ability to thrive in the digital era. Women may encounter challenges in accessing financial resources needed to invest in technology and build digital businesses.

Additionally, they may also face difficulties in accessing the necessary technological infrastructure, such as reliable internet connectivity and devices. A significant barrier for women is the lack of digital skills and knowledge. Many women may not have had the opportunity to acquire the necessary skills to navigate and utilise digital tools effectively.

This lack of proficiency in digital technology can further limit their access to employment opportunities and hinder their participation in the digital economy. Another key obstacle identified is the fear of technology and the lack of visible role models in the field.

Many women may feel apprehensive about embracing digital technologies due to the potential challenges and barriers associated with them. The absence of successful women entrepreneurs in the technology sector can lead to a lack of confidence and lower adoption rates among other women.

To mitigate these barriers, it is crucial to focus on increased education, training, and visibility of successful women in technology. By providing women with the necessary knowledge and skills through education and training programmes, they can become better equipped to overcome the digital divide.

Initiatives in Rwanda have already begun addressing this issue by offering training programmes that teach women about e-commerce. As a result, some e-commerce businesses, such as Mulkadi and Olado, have started utilising these digital tools in Rwanda, showcasing positive progress in overcoming barriers.

In conclusion, women face several obstacles in accessing resources, digital skills, networks, and opportunities. These barriers, including limited financial resources, technological infrastructure, digital skills, and fear of technology, hinder their ability to fully participate in the digital era. However, by focusing on education, training, and increasing the visibility of successful women in technology, progress can be made in breaking down these barriers.

Initiatives such as e-commerce training programmes in Rwanda provide an encouraging example of how these challenges can be overcome. It is crucial to continue implementing such solutions to empower women and ensure their active participation in the digital economy.

Arguments

Transition to digital was a significant change

Supporting facts:

• Natalia’s business Ludmark implemented e-commerce in 2018, after being established in 2007.

• The company had to adjust its mindset along with adjusting its platform and service delivery methods.

• Trust-building factors with consumers such as the way they receive their products and payment methods had to be reconsidered.

Topics: Digital transformation, E-commerce

---

The digital transformation required investment and acquiring of relevant knowledge

Supporting facts:

• Natalia mentions that the digital transition was a process and it is still ongoing.

• She mentions it was vital to gain knowledge and to collaborate with those who had technical expertise.

Topics: Digital skill, Technology adoption

---

Far from gender equality in business

Supporting facts:

• Only 2% women get financial help in digital business

Topics: Women in entrepreneurship, Gender equality

---

Necessity of more role models and financial tools for women

Supporting facts:

• Women need to know how to prepare a business pitch, sell their ideas

Topics: Role models, Financial tools, Women in entrepreneurship

---

Women are seeking more training opportunities in business

Topics: Business training, Women in entrepreneurship

---

Scarcity of technology and good internet connections in Argentina

Supporting facts:

• Many places in Argentina do not have Wi-Fi or good internet connections

Topics: Digital divide, Internet access

---

Report

The analysis provided focuses on two main themes: digital transformation and women in tech in Argentina. Natalia, the owner of Ludmark, shares her experience of implementing e-commerce in her business, which was established in 2007. The transition to digital was a significant change for Ludmark, requiring a shift in mindset, platform adjustment, and new service delivery methods.

Trust-building factors, such as product delivery and payment methods, also needed to be reconsidered. Natalia stresses that the digital transformation was an ongoing process, rather than a one-time event. She emphasizes the importance of investing in knowledge acquisition and collaborating with individuals who possess technical expertise to ensure a successful transformation.

This highlights the need for continuous learning and adaptation in the face of evolving digital technologies. In terms of gender equality, Natalia expresses support for women in tech and digital transformations. She emphasizes the importance of connecting with other women on a similar journey and acknowledges the value of her participation in the E-Trade for Women masterclass, which provided her with useful tools for her e-commerce journey.

However, the analysis also highlights the prevalent gender inequality in business, with only 2% of women receiving financial assistance in digital businesses. This underscores the need for greater support and opportunities for women entrepreneurs in Argentina. Additionally, the analysis suggests a need for more role models and financial tools for women in business.

It emphasizes the importance of women acquiring skills such as preparing business pitches and selling ideas to overcome gender-based challenges. Furthermore, women are seeking more training opportunities in business, as indicated by the positive sentiment towards increased business training. Lastly, the analysis draws attention to the scarcity of technology and internet access in Argentina.

Many places in the country lack Wi-Fi or reliable internet connections, which poses a significant barrier to digital transformation and business growth. In conclusion, the analysis highlights the challenges and opportunities related to digital transformation and women in tech in Argentina.

Natalia’s experience illustrates the adjustments required for successful digital transformation, while also highlighting the need for continuous learning and collaboration. The gender imbalance in business, along with the scarcity of technology and internet access, present significant obstacles for women entrepreneurs.

However, the recognition of the need for more role models, financial tools, and business training for women indicates a growing awareness of the importance of gender equality in the digital world.

Arguments

Priyanka Chetry launched GrocerVelle with a focus on sustainability, local product promotion and women empowerment.

Supporting facts:

• GrocerVelle did plastic-free delivery and promoted made in Cambodia products i.e., providing a platform for local producers and farmers.

• GrocerVelle had female delivery drivers and 80% of its staff were women.

Topics: E-commerce, Sustainability, Women Empowerment

---

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a surge in GrocerVelle’s customer orders leading to substantial growth.

Supporting facts:

• During COVID-19, GrocerVelle saw a 300% hike in customer orders.

Topics: E-commerce, Covid-19, Business Growth

---

GrocerVelle was acquired by Azyla due to the need for more funds for growth.

Supporting facts:

• Despite completing two rounds of fundraising, GrocerVelle needed more funds for growth, leading to its acquisition by Azyla.

Topics: Business Acquisition, Funding

---

Women entrepreneurs can effectively use digital tools to grow their businesses.

Supporting facts:

• Digital tools expand a business’s reach and streamline operation.

• Digital presence serves as a hub for consumer engagement, building brand awareness and customer loyalty.

• Digital tools like project management software, cloud-based storage, and video conferencing can streamline business operations and boost productivity.

• Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter offer women entrepreneurs opportunities to connect to a larger audience.

• Community forums and social media groups provide women entrepreneurs opportunity to connect to like-minded people.

Topics: Digital Tools, Women Entrepreneurs

---

Report

GrocerVelle, a company founded by Priyanka Chetry, had a strong focus on sustainability, local product promotion, and women’s empowerment. The company implemented plastic-free delivery as a way to minimize environmental impact and supported local producers and farmers by providing them with a platform to showcase and sell their products.

Notably, GrocerVelle employed female delivery drivers, and 80% of its staff were women, contributing to women’s empowerment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, GrocerVelle experienced a substantial surge in customer orders, with a remarkable 300% increase. This growth can be attributed to the shift in consumer behavior, with more people turning to online shopping during the lockdown.

This heightened demand allowed GrocerVelle to expand its reach and solidify its position in the e-commerce market. Despite the initial success, GrocerVelle faced financial challenges and required additional funds for further growth. As a result, the company was acquired by Azyla.

This acquisition provided the necessary capital and resources to support GrocerVelle’s expansion plans. Priyanka Chetry firmly believes in the potential of digital entrepreneurship to bring about positive change and drive economic growth in Cambodia. By leveraging digital tools and technologies, entrepreneurs can streamline their business operations, expand their customer base, and enhance productivity.

Digital tools such as project management software, cloud-based storage, and video conferencing can significantly benefit businesses, while social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter offer opportunities for increased engagement, brand building, and customer loyalty. Moreover, digital platforms, including community forums and social media groups, enable women entrepreneurs to connect with like-minded individuals and foster a supportive network.

In addition to leveraging digital tools, women entrepreneurs can also benefit from specific networks and platforms that cater to their needs. E-Trade for Women, for example, provides a valuable platform for women entrepreneurs to share experiences, gain knowledge, and engage in collaborative efforts.

The network offers mentorship, training, and facilitates access to new markets, fostering the growth and success of women-led businesses. Overall, the story of GrocerVelle showcases the importance of sustainability, local product promotion, and women’s empowerment in driving a successful business.

Additionally, it highlights the significant role that digital tools and networks can play in enhancing entrepreneurship, particularly for women, and fostering economic growth.

Report

GrocerVelle, a successful online grocery store launched in 2019, recently achieved great success through an acquisition. The founders of GrocerVelle shared their inspiring journey in the e-commerce industry, driven by the desire to meet consumer needs and provide a convenient one-stop solution for grocery shopping.

Amidst the pandemic, GrocerVelle experienced a significant surge in sales, contributing to the company’s growth. The team adeptly adapted to the changing circumstances, ensuring efficient service delivery during these challenging times. Additionally, GrocerVelle played a pivotal role in empowering women by actively hiring them and forming strategic partnerships with local farming businesses.

The discussion also delved into how women entrepreneurs can leverage digital tools to enhance their efficiency and expand their businesses. With technology constantly evolving, e-commerce entrepreneurs worldwide face both opportunities and challenges that require constant adaptation. The experiences shared shed light on the shared struggles and unique obstacles faced by e-commerce entrepreneurs in different regions.

The conversation then shifted to the macroeconomic aspect, exploring how digital transformation can be fostered in conventional businesses, specifically in Mongolia’s transition from its commodity-based economy. The panelists identified barriers and discussed strategies to facilitate cross-border e-commerce in Mongolia, a landlocked country.

Insights were also shared from ecosystem players, focusing on the context in Rwanda. Ita, an ecosystem player from Rwanda, highlighted the hurdles faced by women-led businesses in embracing digital transformation and identified key factors inhibiting women from harnessing the benefits of digital technologies.

Lack of role models and fear of failure were significant challenges addressed. The discussion concluded with a call to action for mindset shifts to encourage women entrepreneurs to embrace e-commerce and digital transformation. By overcoming barriers and fostering supportive ecosystems, greater participation and success for women in the digital economy can be achieved.

Overall, the panel discussion provided valuable insights into the journey of GrocerVelle and the experiences of e-commerce entrepreneurs. It emphasized the importance of adapting to changing circumstances, empowering women, and addressing barriers to digital transformation. These insights serve as a guide for entrepreneurs and policymakers seeking to promote e-commerce and women’s empowerment in their own contexts.

Arguments

A lot of people started to buy things online.

Supporting facts:

• The COVID-19 pandemic made a lot of people to buy things online.

• She was very happy to see the government relying on her business to help people to get to what they need.

Topics: E-commerce

---

Becoming a mother inspired her to open an online grocery store.

Supporting facts:

• Life took a turn when she got married and became a parent.

• During this time, she recognized the need for online grocery shopping in Rwanda.

Topics: E-commerce, Parenthood

---

Her family was initially discouraging about her e-commerce platform.

Supporting facts:

• She encountered more discouragement than encouragement, even from her family.

• No one believed in this business initially as it was a new model and people were familiar with the traditional way of shopping.

Topics: Family support, Challenges

---

Report

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the way people shop, prompting a surge in online shopping. In response to this trend, a woman took advantage of the opportunity and decided to study economics at university, recognizing the benefit of understanding this field for her family’s e-commerce business.

After completing her studies, she sought an internship within her family’s business, gaining valuable practical experience. However, it was becoming a mother that truly inspired her entrepreneurial journey. As she started her own family, she realised the need for convenient online grocery shopping in Rwanda.

This realisation motivated her to open an online grocery store to cater to the needs of other busy parents and individuals. To ensure the success of her online grocery store, she adopted a strategic approach. She set a timeframe of four years to test the viability of her business, allowing enough time to gather data and assess its progress.

This careful planning enabled her to be prepared for any potential obstacles, and she remained open to exploring alternative paths if her initial plan did not prove successful. Despite her determination and vision, she faced initial discouragement from her family and encountered more criticism than support.

People were sceptical of this new model of online shopping, preferring the traditional brick-and-mortar stores that they were familiar with. However, she remained persistent and believed in her e-commerce platform, determined to prove its worth. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a surge in online shopping, impacting various aspects of life and business.

This woman’s story showcases the power of recognising opportunities and adapting to changing circumstances. Through her studies and personal experiences, she identified the need for online grocery shopping and took necessary steps to establish her own e-commerce venture. Despite facing initial discouragement, she persevered and turned her vision into a successful online grocery store, catering to the needs of busy individuals and parents in Rwanda.

Her story serves as an inspiration for aspiring entrepreneurs in the e-commerce field, highlighting the importance of strategic planning, perseverance, and belief in one’s vision.

Arguments

Women prefer social media to platforms for selling products

Supporting facts:

• Women entrepreneurs in Latin America prefer selling on social media where they can build a brand and control their business rather than on e-commerce platforms.

• On platforms, one has less ownership over the business as it’s more standardized and feels like it belongs more to the platform.

Topics: Women Entrepreneurs, e-commerce, Social Media

---

Difficulty in exporting products for women entrepreneurs

Supporting facts:

• Women entrepreneurs in Latin America find it hard to export their products to other countries through social media and e-commerce platforms.

Topics: Export, Women Entrepreneurs, International Trade

---

Report

Women entrepreneurs in Latin America prefer using social media platforms, rather than e-commerce platforms, to sell their products. This preference stems from the desire to build and maintain control over their brand, which is easier to achieve on social media.

Unlike e-commerce platforms, social media allows women entrepreneurs to have ownership and control over their businesses, providing them with the flexibility and personal touch they value. However, there are challenges for women entrepreneurs in Latin America when it comes to exporting their products through social media and e-commerce platforms.

Accessing international markets becomes difficult due to complex trade regulations, international shipping logistics, and language barriers. This poses a negative sentiment towards exporting for women entrepreneurs, limiting their expansion opportunities. Additionally, concerns arise over the Just-in-Time Inventory (JSI) on e-commerce and its impact on women entrepreneurs.

Lack of transparency regarding algorithms used in e-commerce platforms raises concerns about potential discrimination against women. Governments are unable to request disclosure or audit the algorithms, which have been proven to produce biased outcomes. Non-disclosure of source codes and standardized delivery times further disadvantage women entrepreneurs.

In conclusion, women entrepreneurs in Latin America show a preference for social media platforms in selling their products, but they face challenges in exporting and express concerns about the lack of transparency in e-commerce algorithms. The limitations of e-commerce platforms, such as standardized processes and non-disclosure of algorithms, create barriers for women entrepreneurs.

Addressing gender inequalities and promoting inclusive practices in the e-commerce industry are crucial for supporting the growth and empowerment of women entrepreneurs.

Arguments

Awa Caba highlights that women entrepreneurs trading online and small-and-medium-sized businesses face different barriers at the international and sub-regional level such as sanitary and phytosanitary measures, technical barriers to trade, logistics and various incidental costs.

Supporting facts:

• Awa Caba explaining the challenges that Sorotel faced with regards to regulations. Example given of difficulty in exporting dry seafood.

• Caba’s efforts to enable women with the knowledge regarding the necessary standards for selling their products online, not just domestically but internationally as well.

Topics: E-commerce, Women Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Trade Regulations, Export Barriers

---

There is a need for centralized sources of information around e-commerce and regulation to help women better understand non-tariff barriers.

Supporting facts:

• It can take up to two years to gather all necessary information for a product to reach the market.

• There are already existing sources of information provided by international organizations but they are disparate hence not easily accessible.

Topics: e-commerce, non-tariff barriers, information

---

Call for specific and concrete training sessions for women on e-commerce regulation and non-tariff measures in dominant sectors of activity such as agriculture, fashion, cosmetics, beauty, and catering.

Supporting facts:

• FAO partnered with ITC to organize training sessions for women specifically in the agri-food sector in Senegal.

Topics: training, e-commerce, non-tariff measures

---

Encourages intra-African trade under the framework of the African continental free trade area.

Supporting facts:

• The Senegalese government, in partnership with ITC, is implementing a gender action plan to improve women’s participation in trade. The plan includes specific training and tools to help women manage non-tariff barriers.

• Not only is it about international trade, but also trade among African countries.

Topics: intra-African trade, African continental free trade area

---

Women prefer social media and human communication for business

Supporting facts:

• In Africa, business culture is heavily focused on oral communication and face-to-face interactions

• End to end digital platforms are not as popular

Topics: Women Entrepreneurs, Social Media, African Market

---

More needs to be done in improving access to information for women in business

Supporting facts:

• Awa Caba has been involved with an e-commerce platform for over five years

• Since COVID-19, people are beginning to understand that online selling is more efficient

• More assistance is needed in terms of providing information and concrete tools

Topics: E-commerce, Business Development, Digital Environment

---

Report

Women entrepreneurs and small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) face various challenges when trading online and accessing international markets. Awa Caba, an advocate for women’s empowerment in business, highlights the barriers that hinder women entrepreneurs in international and sub-regional trade. These barriers include sanitary and phytosanitary measures, technical barriers to trade, logistics, and incidental costs.

To address these challenges, Awa proposes leveraging e-commerce platforms to assist women SMEs in exporting high-value products instead of relying solely on raw material exports. She has been involved in an e-commerce platform called Sorotel for over five years, which gives visibility to women-owned businesses, particularly those in the agriculture sector.

Sorotel helps these businesses meet export standards such as authorization, permit requirements, export registration, labeling, marketing, and packaging. A major issue identified is the lack of centralized sources of information on e-commerce and regulations, making it difficult for women entrepreneurs to understand non-tariff barriers.

Information gathering can take up to two years for a product to reach the market. There is a need for centralized sources of information to help women better comprehend non-tariff barriers. Furthermore, there is a call for specific and targeted training sessions for women on e-commerce regulations and non-tariff measures, focusing on sectors like agriculture, fashion, cosmetics, beauty, and catering.

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), in partnership with the International Trade Centre (ITC), has organized training sessions for women in the agri-food sector in Senegal, showcasing the importance of tailored training initiatives. Encouraging developments include promoting intra-African trade within the framework of the African Continental Free Trade Area.

The Senegalese government, in collaboration with the ITC, is implementing a gender action plan to increase women’s participation in trade. This plan includes providing specific training and tools to overcome non-tariff barriers, both in international and intra-African trade. Despite opportunities, women entrepreneurs in Africa face cultural obstacles as oral communication and face-to-face interactions are emphasized in business culture.

Digital platforms are less popular, with women preferring social media and human communication for business activities. However, women entrepreneurs still face difficulties in reaching international markets, with challenges in meeting international measures, regulations, and tariff barriers. Additional support is needed in terms of providing information and concrete tools to aid women in business.

Access to information is a key issue in promoting women in business and the digital environment. Artificial intelligence (AI) and local language translations are suggested to engage more women in the digital environment by providing necessary information and tools. In conclusion, challenges faced by women entrepreneurs and SMEs in accessing international markets and trading online include sanitary and phytosanitary measures, technical barriers to trade, logistics, and incidental costs.

Leveraging e-commerce platforms, centralized sources of information, targeted training sessions, and promoting intra-African trade are essential in overcoming these challenges. However, the predominant business culture, non-compliance with international measures, regulations, and tariff barriers continue to hinder women entrepreneurs. More support is needed to provide access to information and concrete tools, enabling the growth of women entrepreneurs in the digital environment.

Arguments

Caitlin Kraft-Buchman is moderating a panel on trade regulations in the digital environment and its relation to gender.

Supporting facts:

• Caitlin Craft Buckman, the CEO founder of Women at the Table, is moderating the panel.

• The aim is to explore the gender component in digital trade regulations.

Topics: Digital Trade Regulations, Gender Equality

---

The importance of exploring the gender component in digital trade regulations has been recognized following the Bornasari’s declaration, and UNCTAD has made significant strides in this area.

Supporting facts:

• The topic became acceptable to discuss after the Bornasari’s declaration.

• UNCTAD has significantly advanced the subject.

Topics: Digital Trade Regulations, Gender Equality, UNCTAD

---

Need for specific measures to address gender obstacles in digital world

Supporting facts:

• Women often lack devices especially smartphones

• Governments can play a role in controlling cost of data plans

• Data literacy is central to digital access and use

Topics: Digitalization, Gender Equality, Trade Regulations

---

Access, devices and data literacy crucial for women’s digital inclusion

Supporting facts:

• Access, devices, data costs and literacy are hurdles for women

• Promotes need for training in local languages in addition to English and French

Topics: Digital Access

---

The necessity of a tool to help SMEs with compliance

Supporting facts:

• AI chatbot can help deal with the complexity of web of compliance

• This is something UNTEC could build

• Such a tool could be beneficial for women traders and MSMEs

Topics: AI Chatbot, Trade Compliance, Digital Tools

---

Digital public infrastructure needs to receive focus for boosting digital inclusion

Supporting facts:

• Women have less access and participate less in democratic forums in the digital environment

• There is little academic research on the gendered dimensions of digital public infrastructure

Topics: Digital Inclusion, Gender Gap, Digital Public Infrastructure

---

Caitlin supports the idea of storytelling and personalization in business, and sees a potential for improving the way this interacts with e-commerce platforms.

Supporting facts:

• Caitlin believes this is an opportunity for entrepreneurs to make platforms more storytelling friendly or create new ones.

• She anticipates changes in social media in the next 2-4 years.

Topics: Storytelling, Personalization, e-Commerce

---

Caitlin disagrees with the concept of not revealing source code in e-commerce, comparing it to patent applications at WIPO and the Dodd-Frank law in finance.

Supporting facts:

• She sees no reason why mechanisms used in patent applications and finance sector shouldn’t be applicable in e-commerce.

• She believes this can be done without giving away a company’s ‘secret sauce’.

Topics: e-Commerce, Intellectual Property, Regulation

---

Caitlin sees the need for impact assessments from the design phase to implementation, as a part of e-commerce and AI.

Supporting facts:

• She suggests impact assessments need to be understood at the design phase and co-created with communities.

• She anticipates a future where regulation occurs in terms of impact.

Topics: e-commerce, AI, Impact Assessment

---

The need for understanding gendered algorithmic response in relation to small women-owned businesses

Supporting facts:

• The algorithms penalize female companies because, for instance, they don’t have the capacity to immediately respond to customers’ request of information or complain.

• Faults in algorithmic responses can affect ratings of these businesses and compromise their credibility.

Topics: Gender and Technology, Small Business, E-Commerce

---

Report

Caitlin Kraft-Buchman, the CEO and founder of Women at the Table, is moderating a panel that aims to explore the gender component in digital trade regulations. This topic has gained recognition and importance following the Bornasari’s declaration, which has opened up the discussion on the gender aspect of digital trade regulations.

In addition, UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) has made significant advances in this field, further highlighting its importance. There is a clear need to address gender obstacles in the digital world and promote digital inclusion for women.

The digital gender divide has become a critical concern, with women having less access and participating less in democratic forums in the digital environment. Non-tariff measures in the digital field, such as regulations and policies, impact genders differently, emphasizing the need for specific measures to address these disparities.

AI chatbots have been identified as a potential tool to help SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) with compliance, particularly in dealing with the complexity of the web of compliance. Such a tool could be beneficial for women traders and contribute to the growth of MSMEs (micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises).

In terms of trade regulations in the digital environment, it is important to approach them with a gender lens. Italy’s upcoming presidency of the G7 is expected to introduce plans that incorporate a gender lens in trade regulations, highlighting the increasing importance of gender considerations in these policies.

Digital public infrastructure also needs attention to boost digital inclusion. Women often face obstacles such as a lack of access to devices, high data costs, and a lack of data literacy. Governments can play a role in controlling the cost of data plans and promoting data literacy, which are central to digital access and use.

Applying a gendered lens to improve efficiency and effectiveness in regulations in the digital environment can benefit everyone. By considering the gender aspects in trade regulations, it is possible to enhance the delivery and outcomes of these regulations for all individuals.

Caitlin Kraft-Buchman supports the idea of storytelling and personalization in business, particularly in relation to e-commerce platforms. She sees this as an opportunity for entrepreneurs to make existing platforms more storytelling-friendly or create new ones. Additionally, she anticipates changes in social media platforms within the next 2-4 years.

However, Caitlin disagrees with the concept of not revealing source code in e-commerce, comparing it to the mechanisms used in patent applications and the Dodd-Frank law in the finance sector. She believes that mechanisms used in these sectors can be applicable in e-commerce without giving away a company’s “secret sauce.” Caitlin also emphasizes the need for impact assessments throughout the design phase and implementation of e-commerce and AI.

By understanding the potential impacts of these technologies from the beginning, it is possible to ensure that they are beneficial and aligned with societal goals. One noteworthy observation is that discussions on e-commerce at the WTO (World Trade Organization) do not sufficiently address the implications of algorithms.

While the terminology of algorithms is avoided, there are still regulations being developed around them. This suggests a need for more comprehensive discussions on the implications and regulations surrounding algorithms in the context of e-commerce. Caitlin also highlights the need to understand gendered algorithmic responses in relation to small women-owned businesses.

Faults in algorithmic responses can affect the ratings and credibility of these businesses, making it crucial to consider the gender component in algorithmic systems. The Italian presidency’s discussions on e-commerce are seen as an opportunity to address these issues and incorporate discussions on algorithms.

Italy is expected to take up these important topics during their presidency, especially during ministerial discussions. In conclusion, Caitlin Kraft-Buchman’s panel on the gender component in digital trade regulations highlights the increasing recognition and importance of addressing gender obstacles and promoting digital inclusion for women.

UNCTAD’s advancements in this field further emphasize the need for specific measures and considerations in trade regulations. The use of AI chatbots and the incorporation of a gender lens in trade regulations are identified as potential solutions. Additionally, attention to digital public infrastructure and the understanding of gendered algorithmic responses are crucial for boosting digital inclusion and creating a fair and inclusive digital environment.

Arguments

Digitalization can contribute to inclusive economic growth

Supporting facts:

• Emerging technologies and artificial intelligence can be true enablers of economic growth and social well-being.

• The rapid spread of digitalization reveals the need to address digital divide.

Topics: Digitalization, Artificial intelligence, Economic growth

---

There is a significant digital gender gap that needs attention

Supporting facts:

• There is a digital divide with a gender component.

• UNCTAD reports women’s limited participation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics has repercussions on their comfort with digital technologies.

Topics: Digital divide, Gender gap, Digital access

---

E-commerce and digital payments can economically empower women

Supporting facts:

• E-commerce can help small businesses by reducing the initial investment costs.

• Digitalization improves women’s access to financial services through digital payments, hence overcoming the obstacle posed by limited access to financial institutions.

Topics: E-commerce, Digital payments, Women’s empowerment

---

Transformative power of the digital revolution can enhance economic growth and foster inclusivity.

Supporting facts:

• Digital revolution has potential to address global challenges and ensure no one is left behind.

Topics: digital inclusion, economic growth, social inclusion

---

Italy will prioritize digital inclusion policies to bridge the digital divide in its G7 presidency.

Supporting facts:

• Aiming for initiatives to ensure that all citizens have access to affordable and reliable high-speed internet.

• Significant investment in digital infrastructure to enhance connectivity is committed.

Topics: G7 presidency, digital inclusion, digital divide

---

Support new strategies to promote economic development in disadvantaged areas.

Supporting facts:

• Focus on advancements in digital technology benefit in underserved regions.

Topics: economic development, rural areas, digital technology

---

Artificial intelligence and new technologies can have uncharted impact on labor and social affairs.

Supporting facts:

• Labor and social impact of new technologies will be a thematic area of Italy’s G7 presidency.

Topics: Artificial intelligence, labor, social impact, new technologies

---

Women-led micro-businesses, especially from countries outside of major commercial actors, are often disadvantaged in terms of protecting their inventions or process.

Supporting facts:

• There’s a gender component in intellectual property protection that’s addressed in WIPO.

Topics: Intellectual Property, Gender Inequality, Trade Regulation, Digitalization

---

The awareness of a certain number of problems but also opportunities is a good way forward

Supporting facts:

• New technologies open new spaces to resolve part of the problem of the traditional economy

Topics: gender gap, new technologies, traditional economy

---

Report

The analysis of the provided statements highlights several key points from all speakers. One main argument is that digitalisation and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, have the potential to drive economic growth and promote social well-being. These technologies are seen as enablers that can bring about positive change in various sectors.

The speakers emphasise the transformative power of digitalisation in enhancing economic growth and fostering inclusivity. However, the analysis also reveals the existence of a digital divide that needs attention. One aspect of this divide is the gender gap in digital access and skills.

Women’s limited participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields has repercussions on their comfort and familiarity with digital technologies. This gender component of the digital divide needs to be addressed to ensure equal access and opportunities for all.

On a positive note, e-commerce and digital payments are seen as tools that can economically empower women. These digital solutions can reduce initial investment costs for small businesses and improve women’s access to financial services. By overcoming obstacles posed by limited access to traditional financial institutions, e-commerce and digital payments contribute to enhancing women’s economic opportunities and financial inclusion.

Italy, through its upcoming G7 presidency, prioritises digital transition and gender empowerment. These two areas are recognised as key priorities by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Italy, in partnership with the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation and UNDP, actively participates in digital for development initiatives.

This commitment sends a strong message about the importance of digitalisation and gender equality in achieving sustainable development goals. To bridge the digital divide, Italy aims to prioritise digital inclusion policies during its G7 presidency. The focus is on ensuring that all citizens have access to affordable and reliable high-speed internet.

Significant investments in digital infrastructure are committed to enhancing connectivity, particularly in underserved regions. Italy’s emphasis on digital inclusion aligns with the goal of reducing inequalities and ensuring that no one is left behind in the digital revolution. The analysis also highlights the need to address gender bias in digital trade regulation.

Ensuring that the benefits of digital commerce are accessible to all can lead to enhanced social empowerment. By promoting inclusivity in digital trade, a more equitable and gender-responsive environment can be created. In terms of education, digital literacy is considered a crucial factor in narrowing the digital divide.

Promoting education, training, and lifelong learning is seen as essential to ensure that individuals, especially women, have the necessary skills and knowledge to participate fully in the digital era. Advancements in digital technology are seen as a catalyst for promoting economic development in disadvantaged areas.

These advancements, coupled with a focus on digital connectivity, are recognised as key factors in promoting economic growth and prosperity in regions facing challenges. The analysis also emphasises the strategic importance of digital connectivity in the Mediterranean region. Increased digital integration with countries in this region, including the Middle East, is seen as a way to strengthen its resilience and drive growth.

Moreover, the impact of artificial intelligence and new technologies on labour and social affairs is acknowledged as an area that requires careful consideration. It is essential to understand the potential implications and proactively address any challenges that may arise to ensure a fair and inclusive transition to a digital future.

Furthermore, the analysis highlights the gender component in intellectual property protection. Women-led micro-businesses from countries outside major commercial actors often face disadvantages when it comes to protecting their inventions or processes. This observation underscores the need for gender-responsive policies that provide equal protection and support for women entrepreneurs.

Another aspect of gender inequality in trade is the higher incidence of non-tariff measures (NTMs) faced by women in sectors where they tend to run smaller businesses. These measures can create barriers to exporting, leading to challenges for women entrepreneurs.

Addressing gender-specific challenges, such as access to information and alternative selling platforms, can help alleviate the obstacles faced by women in the export industry. Observations from the analysis also highlight the potential of new technologies to resolve gender inequality in the traditional economy.

These technologies open up new opportunities and spaces for women to overcome challenges in the traditional economy, leading to positive change. In conclusion, the analysis reinforces the potential of digitalisation and emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to drive economic growth, promote inclusivity, and enhance social well-being.

The speakers emphasise the need to address the digital divide and the gender gap in digital access and skills. E-commerce, digital payments, and digital inclusion policies are seen as important tools in economically empowering women and bridging the digital divide.

Italy’s commitment to digital transition and gender empowerment through its G7 presidency showcases its dedication to these priorities. It is crucial to address gender bias in digital trade regulation and promote digital literacy to ensure equal opportunities for all. Advancements in digital technology and digital connectivity are recognised as key factors in promoting economic development and resilience.

The impact of artificial intelligence and new technologies on labour and social affairs should be carefully considered. It is important to provide equal protection for women-led micro-businesses and address gender-specific challenges in the export industry. Overall, the analysis underscores the significance of prioritising digitalisation, gender equality, and inclusive policies to achieve sustainable development goals.

Arguments

The e-phyto project, through STDF, achieved a lot in setting up a global hub for the exchange of e-phyto certificates.

Supporting facts:

• Over 125 countries are using that hub to send or receive their e-phyto certificates in trade today.

• developed by the International Plant Protection Convention

Topics: trade, phytosanitary, food safety

---

The e-phyto project did not focus on gender mainstreaming

Supporting facts:

• The e-phyto project back then, it just didn’t pay much attention to gender at all.

• There were no real specific activities or objectives, there was no monitoring of gender within the implementation of the project.

Topics: gender equality, trade, phytosanitary

---

STDF has developed a gender action plan to begin bringing gender concerns into focus

Supporting facts:

• STDF has developed a gender action plan working with members of the global partnerships

• The plan is to mainstream gender in the implementation and the monitoring of projects to facilitate safe trade.

Topics: gender equality, trade, STDF

---

The STDF gender action plan is working to raise awareness and build consensus on the importance of gender inclusivity in facilitating safe trade

Supporting facts:

• One accomplishment is starting to get organizations like the World Organization for Animal Health or the International Plant Protection Convention to think about gender mainstreaming

• Trying to get the word out on the issue of gender, which was overlooked in a recent SPS declaration

Topics: Gender inclusivity, Safe trade, STDF gender action plan

---

New STDF projects are incorporating gender analysis processes

Supporting facts:

• Projects in Central Africa, Bhutan, and Latin America are examples of locales where these gender analysis processes are being utilized

Topics: STDF projects, Gender analysis

---

Efforts are being made to listen and integrate women’s voices throughout the regulatory design and implementation process

Supporting facts:

• Building relationships with women bodies, women trader, producer associations

Topics: Women’s voices, Regulatory design and implementation process

---

In their knowledge work, they’re striving to keep gender inclusivity in mind

Supporting facts:

• They’re asking questions about why gender matters in the work on good regulatory practices

Topics: Gender inclusivity, Knowledge work

---

Marlynne Hopper emphasizes the need for further progress on gender matters in contexts such as e-commerce and safe trade

Supporting facts:

• Two out of 90 countries have raised gender matters in the e-commerce discussions

Topics: Gender Matters, E-commerce, Safe Trade

---

Marlynne Hopper calls for the use of specific examples to make the case for why gender matters

Topics: Gender Matters, Case Studies

---

Report

The e-phyto project, led by the International Plant Protection Convention, has successfully established a global hub for the exchange of e-phyto certificates, benefiting over 125 countries. This achievement is a positive development in trade and phytosanitary measures. However, the project did not adequately address gender mainstreaming, lacking specific activities, objectives, and monitoring to assess gender impact.

This omission calls for greater focus on gender inclusivity in projects like e-certification. To address this gap, the Standards and Trade Development Facility (STDF) has developed a gender action plan to integrate gender concerns into project implementation and monitoring. Efforts are being made to include women’s voices in regulatory processes, and new STDF projects are incorporating gender analysis.

Marlynne Hopper stresses the need for progress on gender matters in e-commerce and safe trade, while commending Senegal’s work on a gender action plan linked to the Africa Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA). The use of specific examples is advocated to strengthen the case for gender inclusion.

Although advancements have been made, continued awareness-raising and understanding of gender inclusivity in safe trade are still required.

Arguments

Non-tariff measures affect men and women differently

Supporting facts:

• Low income countries find it more difficult to export as they struggle to comply with trade requirements

• Smaller companies, particularly female-led ones, have more difficulties in complying and proving compliance with requirements

• Different industries are exposed to varying levels of non-tariff measures, with agriculture facing more.

Topics: Trade Regulation, Gender Disparity

---

Challenges arise due to high compliance costs and gender-based abuses at trade borders

Supporting facts:

• Women traders face supply-side constraints, such as limited access to resources, credit, and land

• Women traders also often face abuse and discrimination during import and export processes

• The poorest decile of a population face more distinct non-tariff measure on the products they produce compared to the richest decile.

Topics: Gender-based Discrimination, Trade Barriers

---

Digital trade and non-tariff measures can both support and challenge small traders

Supporting facts:

• E-commerce platforms can support small traders, but they can also present additional challenges

• There are diverse links between digital trade and non-tariff measures that influence trade

Topics: Digital Trade, E-commerce

---

The importance of transparency in non-tariff measures

Supporting facts:

• Women have different access to information

• Transparency alone can reduce trade costs by up to 25%

• UNTAD collects information globally on non-tariff measures in their trains database

Topics: Digital trade, Transparency

---

Regulatory cooperation is a major challenge

Supporting facts:

• Regulations differ from country to country

• Even countries with similar safety requirements have differing regulations

• This makes trade costly, especially for small traders

Topics: Digital trade, Non-tariff measures, Regulatory cooperation

---

Need for regulatory impact assessment including impact on women

Supporting facts:

• Regulatory impact assessments should include the impact on women

• Neutrality of language used needs to be both legally and in fact neutral for women

Topics: Digital trade, Non-tariff measures, Regulatory impact assessment, Gender equality

---

Ralf Peters is shocked by the gender gaps in different sectors

Supporting facts:

• Female participation varies from 5.8 in diverse sectors to 1.0 in male-dominated sectors

Topics: Gender Equality, Workforce Diversity

---

Global Trade Helpdesk provides comprehensive trade regulation information

Supporting facts:

• The Global Trade Helpdesk is an initiative by WTO, UNCTAD, and ITC

Topics: Trade Regulation, Information Accessibility

---

Non-tariff barriers mechanism aids African women encountering export challenges

Supporting facts:

• The non-tariff barriers mechanism allows women to send an SMS upon facing challenges at the border

Topics: Trade Barriers, Female Entrepreneurs, Africa

---

Report

Non-tariff measures in digital trade have a gendered impact, affecting men and women differently. Women traders face significant challenges due to supply-side constraints, such as limited access to resources, credit, and land. They are also more susceptible to abuse and discrimination during import and export processes.

This gender disparity is further amplified in lower-income countries and smaller companies, particularly those led by females, as they struggle to comply with trade requirements. Moreover, non-tariff measures affect different industries in varying degrees, with agriculture facing more difficulties than others.

In the context of digital trade, non-tariff measures present both opportunities and obstacles for small traders. Although e-commerce platforms can support small traders by providing a platform for their products, they also introduce additional challenges. The relationship between digital trade and non-tariff measures is complex, with both factors influencing each other.

Transparency plays a crucial role in reducing trade costs associated with non-tariff measures. The availability of information and clear regulations can lead to a reduction in trade costs by up to 25%. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) collects information globally on non-tariff measures through their trade database, known as the “trains” database.

However, achieving transparency in these measures remains a challenge, particularly in relation to gender disparities. Regulatory cooperation is another major challenge in the realm of non-tariff measures. Regulations differ from country to country, even when safety requirements are similar, making trade costly, especially for small traders.

This highlights the need for better cooperation and harmonization of regulations to reduce trade barriers and create a more conducive environment for all traders. There is an urgent need for a better understanding and research on the linkages between non-tariff measures and gender challenges in the digital trade area.

This field of study is relatively new, and consensus-building, research, analysis, and technical cooperation are required to address this issue effectively. Gender gaps in different sectors remain a significant concern. Female participation varies greatly, with sectors that are traditionally male-dominated experiencing minimal female representation.

Ralf Peters highlights the shocking gender gaps and acknowledges that progress is being made to address these disparities, albeit slowly. The Global Trade Helpdesk, an initiative by the World Trade Organization (WTO), UNCTAD, and the International Trade Centre (ITC), provides comprehensive information on trade regulations.

This tool aims to support traders, including small traders, by offering access to information and guidance. Additionally, the non-tariff barriers mechanism aids African women facing export challenges. This mechanism allows women to send an SMS upon encountering difficulties at the border, providing a means of communication and support.

In conclusion, non-tariff measures in digital trade have a gendered impact, with women facing unique challenges such as supply-side constraints, abuse, and discrimination. The relationship between digital trade and non-tariff measures is complex, offering both opportunities and obstacles for small traders.

Transparency and regulatory cooperation are vital for reducing trade costs and creating a more inclusive trade environment. There is an urgent need for further research and understanding to address the gender disparities in the digital trade area. Efforts are being made to address gender gaps in various sectors, but progress is slow.

The Global Trade Helpdesk and the non-tariff barriers mechanism provide assistance and support to traders, particularly women facing export challenges.

Arguments

E-commerce opens up the opportunity to reach customers in many different markets, but can also present challenges for small firms in developing countries.

Supporting facts:

• Each market has its own trade requirements and non-tariff measure.

• Problems may occur when small firms are encouraged to enter new markets via e-commerce but are not equipped to adhere to specific trade regulations.

Topics: e-commerce, developing countries, trade regulations, non-tariff measure

---

Certain sectors, primarily exported by developing countries’ small firms led by women, are highly affected by NTMs.

Supporting facts:

• Women-led firms in developing countries exports are concentrated in few sectors like agriculture, food, clothing, shoes, cosmetics.

• These sectors are more affected by NTMs.

Topics: Developing countries, Non-Tariff Measures, women-led businesses, affect on sectors

---

Data protection and data flows regulations might become an issue for small firms.

Supporting facts:

• Regulations related to data protection and data flows are called by some the new non-tariff measures.

• Different countries have different regulations regarding data flows and data protection.

Topics: data protection, data flow, e-commerce, regulations

---

Large e-business platforms provide numerous beneficial services to small enterprises.

Supporting facts:

• Big e-business platforms offer information services related to trade rules and customs procedures.

• They also offer last mile services like payment and clearance of products at the border.

Topics: e-business platforms, small enterprises, e-commerce

---

Women-led firms primarily use social platforms for e-commerce which mean they might not benefit from official e-commerce platform services.

Supporting facts:

• Women-led firms primarily use social platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp for e-commerce.

• The use of social platforms for e-commerce means these firms might miss out on beneficial services offered by official business platforms.

Topics: women-led firms, social platform, e-commerce

---

Moving customs procedures and forms to electronic transmission can avoid improper behaviour women face when interacting in person with officials.

Supporting facts:

• Many times women face improper language, behaviour when they interact in person with customs officials, health officers and other officials. Moving these interactions online can help to avoid this.

Topics: customs procedure, electronic transmission, women entrepreneurs

---

She highlights the importance of online certification and online financing for women traders.

Supporting facts:

• E-certification would be beneficial for women trading both online and offline.

• E-financing could be a solution for women who have difficulties accessing finance from official banking institutions.

Topics: online certification, e-financing, digital capacity, e-commerce, women’s participation in trade

---

She emphasizes the need to improve internet connectivity and digital literacy.

Supporting facts:

• There is a gender gap in access to the internet and its cost varies widely.

• Rural areas, particularly in Africa, often lack internet coverage.

Topics: internet access, digital literacy, gender gap in internet access, cost of internet subscription, rural areas

---

She calls for recognizing that trade is not gender neutral and for improving women’s beneficial participation in trading activities.

Supporting facts:

• The Buenos Aires declaration on trade and gender recognized that trade is not gender neutral.

• The WTO set up a working group on trade and gender in 2020 to exchange experiences, good practices and shortcomings.

Topics: Trade and gender, Women’s participation in trade, Buenos Aires declaration on trade and gender

---

Social media platforms are preferred by women for business due to their ease of access and familiarity

Supporting facts:

• Easier to access social media platforms than proper e-business platforms

• Women use a lot of social media platforms for social contacts and are not intimidated with how they function

• No need for a high level of digital skills or costs to use social media platforms

Topics: Women in Business, Digital Economy, E-commerce

---

Algorithms have been shown to penalize female-owned businesses

Supporting facts:

• One of the elements to rank a company is how quick they respond to customer complaints or requests, and small female-owned companies often don’t have the capacity to do so immediately. Hence, they face lower rating affecting their credibility.

Topics: Algorithms, Gender Discrimination, E-Commerce, Female-Owned Businesses

---

Countries should share their experiences regarding trade and gender in forums like the WTO

Supporting facts:

• Working Group on Trade and Gender at the WTO is a good forum for conversation, where over 100 members participate.

Topics: WTO, Trade, Gender Equality

---

Governments need to be more aware of the gender gaps in trade policies and be shocked into action similar to Ralph’s reaction.

Topics: Gender Equality, Trade Policies

---

Report

The analysis explores the challenges and opportunities faced by small firms and women-led businesses in the realm of e-commerce and trade policies. It highlights that while e-commerce provides the opportunity to expand into different markets, it also presents challenges for small firms, particularly in adhering to specific trade regulations.

Each market has its own trade requirements and non-tariff measures (NTMs), and this can become problematic when small firms are encouraged to enter new markets via e-commerce without being equipped to adhere to these regulations. The study also reveals that certain sectors, primarily exported by women-led firms in developing countries, are greatly affected by NTMs.

Sectors such as agriculture, food, clothing, shoes, and cosmetics are particularly vulnerable. These industries, which rely heavily on women-led businesses, face significant barriers due to the impact of NTMs. Data protection and data flow regulations are another potential issue for small e-commerce firms.

Different countries have varying regulations in these areas, and this lack of uniformity can create challenges for small businesses operating across borders. On a positive note, the analysis highlights that large e-commerce platforms offer valuable information services related to trade rules and customs procedures, as well as last-mile services such as payment and product clearance at the border.

These services can greatly benefit small enterprises, facilitating their participation in global trade. However, it is worth noting that women-led firms primarily use social platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp for e-commerce. While this provides ease of access and familiarity, it also means that these firms may miss out on the beneficial services offered by official e-commerce platforms.

Another important finding is that moving customs procedures and forms to electronic transmission can help address issues faced by women when interacting with officials in person. Women often experience improper language and behavior during these interactions, and shifting them online can help mitigate these problems.

The analysis also underscores the significance of online certification and online financing for women traders. E-certification can be beneficial for women engaging in both online and offline trading, while e-financing can provide a solution for women who struggle to access finance through official banking institutions.

Improving internet connectivity and digital literacy are crucial for promoting gender equality in e-commerce. The study highlights the existing gender gap in access to the internet, with costs varying widely. Additionally, rural areas, particularly in Africa, often lack internet coverage, exacerbating the issue.

Furthermore, the analysis emphasizes that trade is not gender-neutral, and there is a need to enhance women’s participation in trading activities. It calls for the recognition of the unique challenges faced by women in e-commerce, particularly how NTMs affect online trade.

Women-friendly negotiations and algorithms are essential to ensure gender-responsive trade policies. The study also advocates for a gender lens approach and highlights the importance of conducting more research, analysis, data collection, and discussions to highlight gender inequities in trade policies and promote gender-responsive policies.

The Working Group on Trade and Gender at the World Trade Organization (WTO) is deemed a valuable platform for conversation and sharing experiences. Ultimately, the analysis suggests that governments should be more mindful of the gender gaps in trade policies and take decisive action to address them.

By doing so, they can foster an inclusive and equitable trading environment that supports the growth and empowerment of small firms and women-led businesses.