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Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Rodney Taylor, Caribbean Telecommunications Union

During the discussion, several important topics were addressed, including the Global Digital Cooperation (GDC), internet governance, and the challenges faced by Small Island Developing Countries (SIDS) in actively participating in ongoing processes.

One of the main concerns raised was the limited resources, both financial and human, that hinder the active participation of SIDS in these processes. This constraint prevents SIDS from fully engaging in discussions and decision-making. Additionally, barriers to entry still exist despite the multi-stakeholder nature of the Internet Governance Forum (IGF), which theoretically allows participation from all stakeholders. These barriers may include technical expertise or access to necessary resources.

Another topic of discussion was the value proposition of the investment in the IGF. Some participants questioned whether the IGF, being a place for discussion and networking, actually leads to actionable outcomes. It was argued that although the IGF provides a platform for dialogue, it does not necessarily result in concrete actions or solutions. This raised concerns about the effectiveness of the IGF and its ability to address pressing global challenges.

A key distinction was highlighted between the United Nations (UN) and multistakeholder forums. It was noted that countries have more influence in the UN, where the priority is given to member states’ interventions. On the other hand, in multistakeholder forums like the IGF, all attendees are considered equal, providing an opportunity for greater inclusivity and diverse perspectives. This observation emphasized the different dynamics and power structures between the two approaches.

Despite the challenges and questions raised, there was a general sense of positivity towards the Global Digital Cooperation (GDC). Participants expressed hopes that the GDC would lead to positive outcomes and address the complex issues discussed in the IGF process. However, skepticism was also voiced regarding the GDC’s ability to effectively tackle these complex issues, especially within the context of global collaboration on internet-related matters.

It was acknowledged that the GDC could provide a platform for small states, such as SIDS, to have a stronger voice in global digital cooperation. However, participants recognized that attaining positive outcomes in these forums would be challenging due to various factors, such as the limited capacity of small states to actively participate and support the GDC.

The potential of the GDC to address digital inequality, especially in SIDS, was highlighted. It was noted that approximately 2 billion people, mostly in developing and small island developing countries, are still not connected to the internet. The GDC was seen as an opportunity to focus on these issues and improve connectivity and digital infrastructure in these regions.

The focus and scope of the GDC were discussed, particularly in relation to cybersecurity and artificial intelligence. The GDC was expected to play a role in addressing these global key issues and potentially leading to an expansion of the IGF’s role or the creation of a new process to tackle these specific challenges.

There were concerns raised about the duplication of processes and internet governance fragmentation. Some participants argued that there may not be a need to create a new process focused solely on digital issues, as this could lead to further fragmentation in internet governance. It was suggested that efforts should be made to avoid duplication and instead strengthen existing processes.

The implementation of global cybersecurity norms was highlighted as the responsibility of national parliaments and local authorities. It was emphasized that discussed global agreements should be actioned at the local level to implement mutually agreed norms for routing cybersecurity. This observation emphasized the need for concrete action and implementation at the national and local levels, rather than relying solely on global conversations and agreements.

In conclusion, the discussion covered various important aspects of the GDC, internet governance, and the challenges faced by SIDS in actively participating in ongoing processes. While there were concerns raised and questions about the efficacy of some processes, there was also a sense of optimism for the GDC’s potential to address global issues and promote digital cooperation. The need for inclusivity, concrete actions, and the implementation of agreed norms were recurring themes throughout the discussion.

Sorina Teleanu, Director of Knowledge, DiploFoundation

The discussion revolves around the challenges faced by countries in keeping up with the complexities and rapid evolution of digital diplomacy and Internet policies. It is overwhelming for both small and large countries to contribute meaningfully and keep pace with these intricate issues. The lack of capacity to become experts in all aspects of Internet governance is a major hurdle for countries.

The Internet Governance Forum (IGF) has played a partial role in mitigating these challenges. It serves as a platform where people collectively learn from each other, but there is room for improvement. However, the IGF and the Global Digital Cooperation (GDC) serve different functions. Therefore, direct comparison between the two is not appropriate. The GDC, on the other hand, holds promise and potential to address the challenges faced in the realm of digital diplomacy and Internet policies.

One of the significant challenges highlighted in the discussion is the limited participation of governments in the IGF. This poses a hurdle to the effective implementation of Internet policies. The GDC aims to address this challenge and provide a platform for discussing digital governance and reducing inequality.

The discussion also stresses the importance of considering past events, such as resolutions and outcomes from the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) and United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), which can be built upon. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) rely, in part, on technology for development. The GDC should take into account these previous events and avoid reinventing the wheel.

A forward-looking GDC is seen as a potential solution to address digital inequalities. It is viewed as a mechanism that can work in harmony with the IGF to strengthen global digital governance. Many people have endorsed the concept of ‘IGF Plus’, which suggests that the GDC could serve as a follow-up mechanism for the IGF.

In terms of resource availability, stakeholders must consider the multiple processes and issues involved in Internet governance. Collaboration rather than competition for resources is considered essential for effective implementation.

In conclusion, the discussion unveils the challenges faced by countries in keeping up with digital diplomacy and Internet policies. The IGF has made some progress in mitigating these challenges, but the GDC shows potential to address them. The GDC and the IGF serve different purposes and should not be directly compared. The GDC should build on and strengthen the IGF to foster global digital cooperation. Stakeholders must consider resource availability and find ways to collaborate effectively.

Otis Osbourne, Deptartment of Information Technology, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean

The analysis reveals several insightful points discussed by the speakers. One key issue raised is the economic barriers faced by small island developing states in their digital transformation and access efforts. These states are hindered by a lack of trust in digital transactions, which is a major concern for small to medium-sized business service providers and consumers. This lack of trust could potentially limit the growth and adoption of digital technologies in these states.

Another important point highlighted is the need for national Internet Governance Forums (IGFs) to guide initiatives on the ground. It is noted that some countries, such as Jamaica, do not have national IGFs. The absence of these forums could impede the progress of internet governance and hinder the development of policies that promote an inclusive and accessible digital environment.

The analysis also acknowledges that small island developing states are progressing at a slow pace in transitioning to the new digital global economy. This transition is crucial for these states to effectively participate in the interconnected world and leverage the benefits of the digital economy. The need for adequate support and resources to propel this transition is highlighted as an important concern.

Furthermore, the speakers emphasize the recognition of universal access to free internet as a human right, particularly for facilitating e-governance and reducing social exclusion. They argue that without data access on their phones, individuals are unable to access e-governance services. Thus, governments are urged to acknowledge free internet as a fundamental right to ensure equal access opportunities and promote inclusive digital societies.

The importance of online security, privacy, and safety is also emphasized, and it is noted that these aspects must be prioritized alongside the recognition of free internet as a human right. However, the analysis does not provide specific evidence or examples to support this point.

Regarding the implementation of best practices in securing the internet, it is highlighted that despite discussions in IGFs, most Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and network operators have not adopted the necessary actions to secure data being routed through the internet. Additionally, many organizations, including NDAs, Ministries, Departments, Agencies, SMEs, financial, and educational institutions, have not implemented cost-free DNSSEC and IPv6 standards. This lack of tangible implementation raises concerns about the effectiveness of IGF discussions in shaping concrete and practical outcomes.

The Global Digital Compact (GDC) is seen as a potential solution that could address the shortcomings of the IGF. While no specific details or evidence are provided to support this viewpoint, the speakers express optimism about the GDC’s ability to enforce successful internet practices.

It is also noted that UN directives hold power and influence, and governments are expected to eventually follow through, particularly in the domain of the digital economy for realizing the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This indicates the significance of international cooperation and collaboration in driving digital transformation and achieving the SDGs.

Further observations highlight the exclusive nature of discussions at the UN level, suggesting that they may be out of touch with grassroots realities. This excludes start-up entrepreneurs and university students from directly accessing or relating to the discussions. It is argued that more efforts should be made to make UN discussions more accessible and relatable to these groups.

Despite the potential overlap with the GDC, the speakers reaffirm the continued relevance of the IGF due to its unique reach from grassroots to corporations. The IGF’s focus on Internet Governance is seen as a clear indication of its purpose and provides a platform for individuals and small to medium-sized businesses to actively participate and gain a better understanding of internet governance issues.

In conclusion, the analysis explores various aspects of digital transformation, internet governance, and the challenges faced by small island developing states. It highlights the economic barriers, the need for national IGFs, the slow pace of transitioning to the digital global economy, the recognition of free internet as a human right, the importance of online security, and the potential of the Global Digital Compact. The analysis also discusses the power of UN directives, the exclusivity of UN discussions, and reaffirms the relevance of the IGF.

Tracy Hackshaw, Director, Trinidad and Tobago Multistakeholder Advisory Group

The Global Digital Cooperation (GDC) initiative has the potential to positively impact digital governance and address global inequalities faced by Small Island Developing States (SIDS). The GDC aims to establish a global framework for digital cooperation and promote a more inclusive and equitable digital world, especially for SIDS. SIDS encounter challenges in prioritising internet governance due to limited resources and attention as they grapple with significant issues such as climate change and economic challenges.

One of the key arguments in support of the GDC is that it can provide a platform for SIDS to have their voices heard. Existing forums like the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) and regional spaces like LAC, AP, and Africa do not adequately emphasise the representation and voice of SIDS. This results in SIDS feeling marginalised, and their concerns not receiving the attention they deserve within the digital governance discourse. The GDC process could provide a more equitable platform for SIDS to contribute their perspectives and address their specific issues.

Moreover, SIDS face challenges in resource allocation and attention towards internet governance. These challenges arise because SIDS have competing priorities that include climate change adaptation, infrastructural issues, and economic development. As a result, internet policy issues and digital issues do not receive much priority. The GDC could play a crucial role in mitigating these challenges by collaborating with governments and prioritising capacity development, knowledge transfer, and addressing the digital divide. This includes actively engaging with SIDS governments and communities to understand their needs and working towards real skills and knowledge transfer.

Another important point worth noting is the emphasis on the digital divide. While digital technologies have the potential to bridge gaps and create opportunities, it is essential to recognise that not everyone is connected. The digital divide persists, and assumptions cannot be made that connectivity is universal. The GDC process must take this into account and work towards addressing the digital divide by ensuring accessibility and connectivity for all.

In conclusion, there is optimism and support for the GDC and its potential positive impact on SIDS. The GDC’s aim to establish a global framework for digital cooperation and promote an inclusive and equitable digital world resonates with the challenges faced by SIDS in prioritising internet governance and addressing global inequalities. By providing a platform for SIDS to have their voices heard, collaborating with governments, and focusing on capacity development and knowledge transfer, the GDC process can contribute significantly to addressing these issues. It is crucial to recognise the unique needs and perspectives of SIDS and actively work towards creating an inclusive digital world for all.

Quintin Chou-Lambert, Office of the UN Tech Envoy, New York

The analysis explores different perspectives on Internet governance and the Global Digital Compact (GDC). One argument raised is that the approach taken by the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) can overwhelm participants with an excessive number of meetings. Delegations in New York are already burdened with various other issues, and the urgency of Internet governance matters can be pushed down as a result. On the other hand, it is argued that the IGF holds significant value in facilitating networking and information exchange. By bringing people together, the IGF helps them better understand Internet governance issues. Networking and exchange are becoming increasingly important, especially considering the challenging political conditions.

Furthermore, the analysis suggests that developing countries, landlocked countries, and least developed countries may need to unite and express their concerns collectively in the global process. Internet governance challenges and the way the IGF addresses them are common in these countries. This unity can enable them to have a stronger voice in shaping global policies.

The GDC is highlighted as an opportunity for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and other nations to address their specific concerns regarding the use of digital technologies and data. The GDC will assemble leaders to make decisions on global digital issues, providing a platform for SIDS to voice their concerns and benefit from digital advancements.

The rise of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and data, has raised concerns about safety, monetisation, and inclusivity. The GDC offers a platform to address these issues at a high level. It becomes crucial to ensure safety while harnessing the benefits of these technologies on a global scale.

It is argued that the GDC should reconcile the goal of globally spreading the benefits of new technologies, while ensuring safety and inclusivity. The GDC will bring leaders together to make these important decisions and presents an opportunity to update the focus and ambition in utilising these technologies.

Challenges within the IGF include the absence of decision-making and a vast capacity gap, making it difficult to keep track of everything happening in the digital technology landscape. There are also questions about whether the GDC can effectively address these challenges.

The GDC is seen as an opportunity for the digital economy to grow and evolve. The Secretary-General emphasises the importance of a unified and ambitious GDC. It also allows for debates on how countries can adapt their digital architectures in the future.

The analysis highlights the critical need for countries to consider the significance of the digital transition and its potential for growth. Many delegations are observed to be overstretched in their capacity, making it essential for countries to look beyond immediate crises and envision a digital future.

Reviewing and following up on GDC commitments is deemed important, but questions remain about the extent to which governments can participate in these follow-ups.

To address gaps in existing digital governance, the creation of a Digital Cooperation Forum is proposed by the Secretary-General. This digital governance platform would pool emerging internet governance issues, ultimately saving resources and efforts. Implementing a central place for countries to discuss digital governance issues would allow them to focus holistically on digital governance and defragment governance efforts.

It is emphasised that while bringing politicised discussions to digital governance platforms can change their nature and spirit, it is vital to safeguard the unique character and spirit of various digital governance platforms. This can enable free and creative discussions.

Lastly, raising the voices of different groupings in the GDC process is seen as crucial. Voicing the interests of various groups can lead to better reflecting their interests in the outcome document.

In summary, the analysis presents diverse opinions on Internet governance and the GDC. It highlights the challenges and benefits of the IGF and emphasises the need for unity among developing countries. The GDC offers an opportunity for SIDS and other nations to address their digital concerns. The analysis also explores the concerns surrounding new technologies and the importance of safety and inclusivity. Challenges within the IGF are discussed, as well as the GDC’s potential to foster the growth of the digital economy. The significance of considering the digital transition and reviewing GDC commitments is stressed. The proposal for a Digital Cooperation Forum to address gaps in digital governance is mentioned, along with the importance of preserving the unique character of various digital governance platforms. Finally, the importance of raising the voices of different groups in the GDC process is highlighted.

Audience

The annual meetings featured a range of speakers who shared their perspectives on various topics. Carol, the new MAG chair from the Bahamas, emphasised the significance of taking strong actions to achieve desired outcomes. It was highlighted that robust actions are necessary to accomplish the goals effectively. This emphasised the importance of prioritising action-oriented approaches in order to make progress.

One of the main concerns discussed was the need for capacity building among parliamentarians and missions. It was noted that there is often a lack of understanding due to limited technical and domain knowledge. To address this issue, there was an emphasis on the importance of providing funding and support for capacity building initiatives, particularly through the IGF.

Carol also encouraged active involvement and feedback from the audience. She urged participants to provide their thoughts and feedback in a written format for higher authorities to consider. This inclusive participation was seen as crucial for creating a more transparent and participatory decision-making process.

In terms of policy-making, Carol expressed the belief that relevant departments should be empowered and involved in decision-making processes. She criticised the practice of relevant departments receiving meeting notes only when it is time for the government to make decisions. This approach was considered unfair, as it prevents these departments from having a comprehensive understanding of the issues.

The discussions on digital transformation revealed gaps and challenges in implementation. Sri Lanka, for example, has implemented digital strategies for the past two decades, but many gaps remain. There is a lack of clarification and guidance on who should be responsible for driving digital transformation initiatives. Therefore, it was argued that there is a need for developing frameworks or best practice guidelines to provide direction and ensure efficient implementation.

The importance of citizen satisfaction and establishing citizen-centric governments was also stressed. It was highlighted that digital transformation initiatives should prioritise the needs and satisfaction of citizens. This approach is key to fostering trust and improving the overall effectiveness of digital transformation processes.

The role of the IGF in facilitating outreach and regional initiatives was positively acknowledged. The IGF was recognised as instrumental in the development of regional initiatives, which promote collaboration and partnership in achieving the goals of industry, innovation, and infrastructure.

There was also an important discussion on the coordination of global, national, and regional issues. The speaker emphasised the need for a coordination mechanism that takes into account national and regional differences. This approach ensures that similar initiatives can be encouraged and implemented effectively.

It was observed that the problems and solutions in small island regions, such as the Caribbean and the Pacific, have distinct local aspects. This highlights the importance of considering and addressing these unique aspects when developing strategies and solutions for these regions.

The increasing importance of data flow and digital connectivity was brought to attention, including the prediction that data flow will grow significantly by 2026. However, it was noted that developing countries are at risk of becoming mere data providers in the global market due to a data divide and digital inequality. This issue raises concerns about the potential disadvantage and limited benefits that these countries may face in the digital era.

Overall, the discussions at the annual meetings shed light on the importance of taking strong actions, building capacity, promoting inclusive participation, empowering relevant departments, developing frameworks for digital transformation, prioritising citizen satisfaction, and addressing global and regional challenges. These insights and perspectives provide valuable considerations for policymakers and stakeholders as they work towards achieving the sustainable development goals.

Olga Cavalli, National Director of Cybersecurity, Chief of Cabinet of the President of Argentina

Olga Cavalli, an active participant and supporter of the Internet Governance Forum (IGF), expresses her belief that the IGF serves as a fantastic space for defining and creating numerous Internet-related changes. She has been involved with the IGF since its creation in 2005 and highlights its role in bringing about significant developments in the global coordination of the Internet, such as changes in ICANN and the IANA transition. Moreover, she emphasises that the IGF has also been instrumental in giving rise to national and regional IGFs, as well as schools of Internet governance.

Cavalli appreciates the chaotic nature of the IGF and considers it an essential part of its beauty. She argues that the creative chaos of the forum allows for free discussions and an organic exchange of ideas. Cavalli personally experienced the chaotic atmosphere during the forum, recounting a moment when she had difficulty finding the correct panel room. However, she believes that this sense of being lost adds to the overall experience of the IGF.

In terms of the Internet’s global impact, Cavalli emphasises the need to make it a global public good. She supports initiatives like the Global Digital Compact (GDC) that aim to mitigate digital issues. Cavalli led a consultation process with fellows from the School of Internet Governance to contribute to the GDC. Their contribution, focused on seven digital issues, includes connecting everyone to the internet, data protection, and regulating artificial intelligence, and has been published on the GDC’s website.

Cavalli highlights her preference for more open, bottom-up, and multistakeholder processes in digital governance, as opposed to closed multilateral processes. She finds value in the inclusive nature of multistakeholder discussions and believes they offer a path forward in addressing the challenges of the digital economy. However, she notes a trend towards establishing more closed multilateral processes, which she criticises. Cavalli stresses that the way forward should be through multistakeholder engagement, as it allows for a more diverse range of perspectives.

While Cavalli recognises the challenges faced by delegates from developing countries, particularly in handling the overwhelming number of digital governance processes, she sees value in coordinating and concentrating these processes. She believes that a certain level of coordination or concentration is necessary to ensure effective digital governance and prevent fragmentation.

Overall, Cavalli greatly values the unique, free-spirited nature of the IGF. She cherishes the open and inclusive atmosphere that allows for free discussions and networking. Cavalli argues for the preservation of the IGF’s special character, as she believes it is an essential forum for shaping the Internet and addressing global digital challenges. With her extensive experience and involvement in the IGF, Cavalli’s perspectives and support carry significant weight in the ongoing dialogue on Internet governance.

Shernon Osepa, Director, Caribbean Affairs and Development of the Internet Society (ISOC)

The Internet Governance Forum (IGF) is a platform established for open discussions to identify solutions rather than making decisions. It was created to address the challenges faced in various jurisdictions through meaningful discussions. The IGF allows stakeholders to engage in free and open conversations, enabling them to explore potential solutions.

One of the key purposes of the IGF is to provide an opportunity for small island developing states to voice their ideas and suggestions through the global digital compact process. This process allows these states to take an active role in drafting proposals and receiving feedback from others. It is seen as a way to empower these states and reverse traditional power dynamics.

The original intention of the IGF was to serve as a place for discussions, not decision-making. It aimed to facilitate dialogue and exchange of ideas to understand different perspectives. However, there is a growing need for action-oriented outcomes in countries. Merely discussing issues without taking concrete steps towards solving them may not be sufficient.

Collaboration and partnership are emphasized as important factors in the IGF process. This requires stakeholders to work together, leveraging each other’s expertise and resources to develop effective solutions. The call for collaboration is in line with the focus on SDG 17, which emphasizes the importance of partnerships in achieving sustainable development goals.

Consideration of climate change and natural disasters is highlighted as critical when building infrastructure. These factors can have a significant impact on the effectiveness and longevity of infrastructure projects. It is essential to incorporate climate resilience measures and robust disaster management strategies to ensure the sustainability of infrastructure investments.

Overall, speakers at the IGF urge problem-solving specific to the needs of different regions. By identifying and addressing the unique challenges faced by each jurisdiction, more effective and tailored solutions can be developed. This regional focus allows for the formulation of strategies that are relevant and impactful in driving positive change.

In conclusion, the IGF serves as a platform for open discussions and solution-oriented dialogue. It provides small island developing states with the opportunity to voice their ideas, emphasizes the importance of action-oriented outcomes, collaboration, and partnership, and underscores the consideration of climate change in infrastructure development. The push for region-specific problem-solving highlights the need for tailored approaches to address the diverse challenges faced in different jurisdictions.

Moderator

The discussions centred around the challenges faced by small island developing states (SIDS) when actively participating in the Internet Governance Forum (IGF). SIDS have been part of the IGF process since 2005, but resource constraints, both financial and human, limit their active participation. The cost of attending IGF meetings and the need to get up to speed with the issues were identified as barriers to entry. Despite being a multi-stakeholder process that allows anyone to participate, it was argued that the IGF primarily serves as a platform for networking and discussion, with little focus on generating actionable outcomes. The need for a clear value proposition for the time and effort invested in the IGF was emphasized.

Tracy Hackshaw was highlighted as an example of an active participant who serves on multiple boards, including the IGF, ICANN, and ARIN. It was suggested that his active participation benefits the region. The importance of capacity building and building institutional capacities across governments and stakeholders was emphasized. It was acknowledged that no individual can be an expert in all topics, hence the need for capacity building.

The discussions also explored the connection between internet governance issues and critical issues faced by SIDS, such as climate change, economic issues, and cybersecurity. It was argued that linking digital and internet governance issues with these critical challenges could help prioritize them. Cybersecurity and emerging digital threats to the economy were mentioned as notable areas to focus on.

The IGF was acknowledged as a successful platform for bringing people together to learn from each other. However, it was also noted that the overwhelming nature of the IGF approach, with its federated network of networks and numerous meetings, poses challenges. The low governmental participation in the IGF was highlighted as an issue that could potentially be addressed by the Government Digital Service (GDS).

The discussions highlighted the potential of the IGF to provide a space for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to have their voices heard. The Caribbean IGF, Pacific IGF, and Indian Ocean IGF were mentioned as great platforms for SIDS to voice their issues at national, regional, and global levels. The Trinidad and Tobago Multistakeholder Advisory Group was cited as an example of such an initiative.

The challenges faced by SIDS, such as resource constraints and the prioritization of critical issues, were emphasized. It was suggested that digital and internet governance issues need to be linked with these critical issues to garner more attention and resources. The importance of understanding the notion of internet governance, including the confusion that arose in the 2000s, was highlighted.

The discussions also touched on the need for stakeholder engagement and the opportunities provided by the IGF to interact with various stakeholders. It was noted that all stakeholders are not always present locally, and the IGF offers a unique opportunity to connect with a diverse range of stakeholders. The importance of translating IGF discussions into local solutions was emphasized.

The potential barriers to digital transformation in small island developing states, such as economic barriers and the lack of trust in digital transactions, were discussed. The absence of national IGFs to guide initiatives on the ground and the need for recommendations and guidelines from the IGF to reach policymakers and decision-makers were highlighted as challenges.

The impact of the Global Digital Compact (GDC) on the digital governance landscape and addressing global inequalities was considered. Contributions towards the GDC from various countries were mentioned, and it was seen as a potential tool to address inequality. The importance of engagement with the School of Internet Governance in contributing to the GDC was noted.

The overwhelming amount of information and processes within digital governance was acknowledged, and it was suggested to focus only on what is relevant to one’s work and interests. The potential of the GDC to have a positive impact on digital governance and global inequalities facing SIDS was emphasized. The need for active participants and meaningful suggestions from small island developing states was highlighted.

The discussions also raised questions about the impact of the GDC on the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) process and potential improvements that the GDC could bring. The need for a clearer focus on implementation and the ‘who’ and ‘how’ aspect of digital transformation were emphasized. The importance of preserving the uniqueness of the IGF was also noted.

Overall, the discussions underscored the challenges and opportunities in internet governance, particularly for small island developing states. The need for capacity building, stakeholder engagement, and the linkage between internet governance and critical issues were emphasized. The potential of the Global Digital Compact and the importance of active participation and representation were highlighted. The discussions also highlighted the need for clearer guidance, resource coordination, and an inclusive and collaborative approach to address global digital challenges.

Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Changfeng Chen

The concept of culture lag refers to the delayed adjustment of non-material aspects such as beliefs, values, and norms to changes in material culture, such as technology. This concept aptly describes the situation with generative AI, where technology changes faster than non-material aspects such as regulations. The rapid evolution of generative AI presents challenges in adapting legal and ethical frameworks to address its potential risks and implications.

While some argue for a moratorium on generative AI to allow time for comprehensive regulation and understanding of its implications, this approach is deemed drastic and unlikely to be effective in the long term. The field of generative AI is constantly evolving, and a blanket ban would hinder progress and innovation. Instead, flexible and adaptive regulatory frameworks are needed to keep up with technological advancements and address potential risks holistically.

China has emerged as a leader in the development and regulation of generative AI. Companies like Baidu, ByteDance, and iFlight Tech are at the forefront of generative AI applications, with their technology being installed on mobile phones and laptops to assist users in decision-making processes, such as choosing a restaurant. China has released interim administrative measures for generative AI services, which demand legitimate data sourcing, respect for rights, and risk management. This highlights China’s commitment to responsible AI development and regulation.

However, there are concerns about the fairness of the regulatory framework in China. Some argue that the heaviest responsibility is placed on generative AI providers, while other stakeholders such as data owners, computing power suppliers, and model designers also play critical roles. Allocating the majority of responsibility to providers is viewed as unfair and may hinder collaboration and innovation in the field.

Generative artificial intelligence has the potential to significantly contribute to the education of young people and foster a new perspective on rights. By harnessing the power of generative AI, educational institutions can create dynamic and personalized learning experiences for students. Additionally, young people have the right to access and use new technologies for learning and development, and it is the responsibility of adults and professionals to guide them in leveraging these technologies effectively and ethically.

Efforts have already been initiated to promote these rights for young people, such as UNESCO’s Media and Information Literacy Week, which aims to enhance young people’s skills in critically analyzing and engaging with media and information. This reflects the international community’s recognition of the importance of digital literacy and ensuring equitable access to information and technology for young people.

Promoting professionalism in the field of artificial intelligence is crucial. Professionalism entails adhering to a set of standards and behaviors such as reliability, high standards, ethical behavior, respect, responsibility, and teamwork. By promoting professionalism, the field of AI can operate within ethical boundaries and ensure the responsible development and use of AI technologies.

It is also important to have a professional conscience towards new technologies that respects multicultural values. While it is necessary to respect and consider regionalized values and regulations, there should also be a broader perspective in the technical field to promote global collaboration and understanding.

In conclusion, the concept of culture lag accurately describes the challenges faced in regulating generative AI amidst rapid technological advancements. A moratorium on generative AI is seen as drastic and ineffective, and instead, flexible and adaptive regulatory frameworks should be established. China is leading in the development and regulation of generative AI, but concerns about fairness in the regulatory framework exist. Generative AI has the potential to revolutionize education and empower young people, but it requires responsible guidance from adults and professionals. Efforts are underway to promote these rights, such as UNESCO’s Media and Information Literacy Week. Promoting professionalism and a professional conscience towards new technologies is crucial in ensuring ethical and responsible AI development.

Audience

The debate surrounding the responsible usage and regulation of AI, particularly generative AI, is of significant importance in today’s rapidly advancing technological landscape. The summary highlights several key arguments and perspectives on this matter.

One argument put forth emphasises the need to utilise the existing AI tools and guidelines until specific regulations for generative AI are developed. It is acknowledged that constructing an entirely new ethical framework for generative AI would be a time-consuming process. Therefore, it is deemed wise to make use of the current available resources and regulations until more comprehensive guidelines for generative AI are established.

Another argument draws attention to the potential risks associated with the use of generative models. Specifically, it highlights the risks of inaccuracy and unreliable sources that are made up by these models. Of concern is the fact that many individuals, especially young people, are inclined to utilise generative models due to their efficiency. However, they may be unaware of the potential risks involved. Thus, it is suggested that raising awareness among the public, especially the younger generation, about the potential risks of generative AI is crucial.

Advocacy for the importance of raising awareness regarding the use of generative AI models is another notable observation. It is argued that greater awareness can be achieved through quality education and the establishment of strong institutions. By providing individuals with a deeper understanding of generative AI and its potential risks, it is believed that they will be better equipped to make responsible and informed choices.

The responsible coding and designing of AI systems are also stressed in the summary. It is essential to approach the development of AI systems with a sense of responsibility, both in terms of coding practices and design considerations. Implementing responsible practices ensures that AI systems are developed ethically and do not pose unnecessary risks to individuals or society as a whole.

One perspective questions whether self-regulation alone is sufficient for responsible AI or if an official institution should have a role in examining AI technologies. The argument here revolves around the idea that while self-regulation may be important, there is a need for external oversight to ensure the accountability and responsible usage of AI technologies.

It is worth noting that AI systems are no longer solely the domain of big tech companies. The accessibility of AI development has increased, allowing anyone, including criminals and young individuals, to develop AI models. This accessibility raises concerns regarding the potential misuse or irresponsible development of AI technologies.

The feasibility of regulating everyone as AI development becomes more accessible is called into question. It is argued that regulating every individual may not be a practical solution. With the ease of developing AI models without extensive technical expertise, alternative approaches to regulation may need to be explored.

Regulating the data that can be used for AI, both for commercial and official usage, is seen as a possibility. However, regulating the development of AI models is deemed less feasible. This observation highlights the challenges in finding a balance between ensuring responsible AI usage while still fostering innovation and development in the field.

In conclusion, the expanded summary provides a comprehensive overview of the arguments and perspectives surrounding responsible AI usage and regulation. It underscores the importance of utilising existing AI tools and guidelines, raising awareness about the potential risks of generative models, and promoting responsible coding and design practices. The debate surrounding self-regulation versus external oversight, the increasing accessibility of AI development, and the challenges of regulating AI models is also considered.

Moderator – Yves Poullet

UNESCO has made significant strides in regulating AI ethics. In November 2022, it published a recommendation on AI ethics, demonstrating its commitment to addressing the challenges posed by artificial intelligence. This recommendation has already been applied to CHAT-GPT, indicating that UNESCO is actively implementing its ethical guidelines. The director of the SIH UNESCO department, Gabriela Ramos, is leading the implementation efforts. Despite her absence at an event, she sent a video expressing support and dedication to ensuring the ethical use of AI. Generative AI systems, which include foundation models and applications, require attention from public authorities due to their unique characteristics and potential risks. There is concern about potential biases and inaccuracies in the language used by generative AI models, which deal with large amounts of big data, including language translation and speech recognition. The future of generative AI is seen as potentially revolutionary, but there are also risks associated with these systems, such as the manipulation of individuals and job security concerns. Generative AI systems also pose risks to democracy, as they can spread misinformation and disinformation. Public regulation or some form of regulation is necessary to address these risks, with discussions on the feasibility of a moratorium and different approaches taken by leading countries. The ethical values set by UNESCO are widely accepted worldwide, but the challenge lies in their enforcement. Standardization and quality assessment are proposed as effective mechanisms to reinforce ethical values. The idea of AI localism, where local communities propose AI regulations aligned with their cultural values, is appreciated. Concerns are raised about language discrimination and the poor performance of AI systems in languages other than dominant ones. Efforts to address these issues, such as Finland’s establishment of big data in the Finnish language, are encouraged. In conclusion, UNESCO’s efforts in regulating AI ethics and the need for public regulation and enforcement mechanisms are highlighted, along with the challenges and potential harms associated with generative AI systems.

Dawit Bekele

Generative AIs are advanced artificial intelligence systems that can generate human-like content. These models are built on large-scale neural networks such as GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer). By learning from extensive amounts of data, generative AIs can produce outputs that closely resemble human-created content. However, they may also perpetuate or amplify existing biases if the training data contains biases or unrepresentative samples.

Despite these concerns, generative AI technology presents significant opportunities for innovation. Researchers and public authorities are actively working to address the ethical issues inherent in generative AI, with discussions taking place at UNESCO. Regulatory frameworks are needed to ensure transparency and accountability in the development and deployment of these models.

Generative AI systems also have the potential to impact the education system negatively. They can provide answers to learners immediately, potentially replacing the need for human assistance. This raises concerns about the displacement of human workers and disruption of traditional job markets.

It is crucial to have local responses tailored to the specific needs and values of each society when implementing generative AI. Societies should have the autonomy to decide how they use the technology based on their specific contextual considerations. However, certain countries may face challenges in handling generative AI due to a lack of resources and knowledge. Organizations like UNESCO should empower and educate societies about AI, providing necessary resources and knowledge to ensure responsible use. Big tech companies also have a responsibility to financially support less-resourced countries in adopting and managing generative AI technology.

In conclusion, generative AI offers significant opportunities for innovation, but also raises ethical concerns. Regulatory frameworks, local responses, and support from organizations like UNESCO and big tech companies are necessary for responsible and equitable implementation of generative AI technology.

Gabriela Ramos

The analysis reveals potential negative implications of AI that necessitate effective governance systems and regulation. Concerns arise from gender and racial biases found in generative AI models, such as Chat GPT-3. This emphasizes the urgent need for ethical guidelines and frameworks to govern AI development and deployment.

UNESCO has conducted an ethical analysis of generative AI models. This analysis underscores the importance of implementing proper governance and regulation measures. The impact of AI on industries and infrastructure aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 9. However, without appropriate guidelines, the risks and consequences associated with AI deployment can be detrimental.

To mitigate these risks, UNESCO recommends the implementation of ethical impact assessments. These assessments foresee the potential consequences of AI systems and ensure adherence to ethical standards. Considering the rapid advancement of AI technology, ethical reflection is crucial in addressing questions and concerns related to AI risks.

In addition to ethical considerations, the concentration of AI power among a few companies and countries is a cause for concern. The impressive capabilities of generative AI raise worries about negative social and political implications. Furthermore, legal actions have been taken regarding potential copyright breaches by open AI. It is important to make AI power more inclusive to reduce inequalities, as emphasized by Sustainable Development Goal 10.

Moreover, countries need to be well-prepared to handle legal and regulatory issues pertaining to AI. UNESCO is actively collaborating with 50 governments globally to establish readiness and ethical impact assessment methodologies. Additionally, UNESCO, in partnership with the renowned Alan Turing Institute, is launching an AI ethics observatory. These initiatives aim to support countries in developing robust frameworks for managing AI technologies.

In conclusion, the analysis emphasizes the need for effective governance systems and regulation to address potential negative implications of AI, such as biases and concentration of power. Implementation of UNESCO’s recommendations on ethical impact assessments and ensuring a more inclusive distribution of AI power are crucial in mitigating risks. Collaboration with governments and launching the AI ethics observatory demonstrate UNESCO’s commitment to harmonizing AI technologies with ethical considerations on a global scale.

Marielza Oliveira

The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFAP) has a crucial role in advocating for ethical, legal, and human rights issues in the realm of digital technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI). They recognize that advancements in AI, specifically generative AI, have significant implications for global societies. As a result, IFAP emphasizes the importance of examining the impacts of AI through the lens of ethics and human rights to ensure responsible and equitable use of AI.

IFAP is committed to ensuring access to information for all individuals. They endorse a new strategic plan that highlights the importance of digital technologies, including AI, for our fundamental right to access information. IFAP aims to bridge the digital divide and ensure that everyone can benefit from the opportunities presented by these technologies.

Additionally, IFAP focuses on building capacities to address the ethical concerns arising from the use of frontier technologies. They recognize the potential of inclusive, equitable, and knowledgeable societies driven by technology. To achieve this, IFAP supports and encourages research into the implications of these frontier technologies. They assist institutions in making AI technologies accessible and beneficial to everyone, while also raising awareness about the risks associated with their use. By examining and understanding these risks, IFAP aims to develop effective mechanisms and strategies to address them.

Another important aspect of IFAP’s work is the promotion of the implementation of recommendations on the ethics of AI. They actively engage in discussions and collaborations with stakeholders to design and govern AI based on evidence-based frameworks. IFAP recognizes that a multi-stakeholder approach is essential to create responsible policies and guidelines.

In addition, IFAP actively participates in global dialogues and forums to address digital divides and inequalities. They function as a platform for sharing experiences and best practices in overcoming these challenges. Through these dialogues and forums, IFAP aims to foster collaboration and partnerships to build sustainability and equality across all knowledge societies.

In conclusion, the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFAP) is at the forefront of promoting ethical, legal, and human rights issues in the context of digital technologies, especially AI. They emphasize the need to examine the impacts of AI through ethical and human rights lenses, while also ensuring access to information for all individuals. IFAP supports research into the inclusive and beneficial use of frontier technologies, along with raising awareness about the associated risks. They actively participate in global dialogues and forums to address digital divides and inequalities. Through their collective efforts, IFAP strives to shape a digital future that upholds shared values, sustainability, and equality across knowledge societies.

Fabio Senne

The summary is based on a discussion among speakers regarding the ethical, legal, and social implications of generative AI. They agree that a global forum is necessary to address these issues. Additionally, promoting digital literacy and critical thinking skills among young people is seen as crucial for responsible use of generative AI.

One speaker, Omar Farouk from Bangladesh, emphasizes the need for convening a global forum to discuss the ethical, legal, and social implications of generative AI. This indicates an awareness of the potential risks and challenges associated with this technology.

UNICEF also voices concerns about digital literacy and critical thinking skills. They argue that young people need to be educated about generative AI to be informed users. This highlights the importance of ensuring that individuals understand the potential implications and risks of generative AI, especially as it becomes more prevalent in society.

Another area of concern raised by UNICEF is the impact of generative AI on child protection and empowerment. They express worries about the unknown effects of AI on children and the need to protect and empower them in an AI-driven world.

The importance of more investigations and data in the field of AI is suggested by a speaker working in Brazil with CETIC.br, a UNESCO Category 2 centre. This indicates a recognized need for further research and understanding of AI, as it continues to rapidly develop.

Global digital inequality is identified as a major issue in the discussion. Inequalities in accessing the internet and digital technologies can affect the quality of training data, and languages may not be properly represented in AI models. In addition, there are inequalities within countries that impact the diversity of data used. These concerns highlight the need to address digital inequalities to ensure more inclusive and human-centred AI.

The need for improved AI literacy and education is emphasised. Data from Brazil reveals an underdevelopment of informational skills among children, with many unsure of their ability to assess online information. Therefore, raising awareness and literacy about AI in educational systems is crucial.

There is a call to monitor and evaluate AI, recognising the importance of assessing its impact and making informed decisions. Mention is made of international frameworks from OECD and UNESCO, highlighting the need for global cooperation and collaboration in understanding and regulating AI.

In conclusion, the discussions highlight the need to address the ethical, legal, and social implications of generative AI through a global forum. Promoting digital literacy and critical thinking skills, protecting children, conducting further investigations, addressing digital inequalities, improving AI literacy and education, and monitoring AI are all seen as crucial steps in fostering responsible and inclusive AI development.

Stefan Verhulst

The discussion surrounding Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shifted towards responsible technology development rather than advocating for an outright ban or extensive government intervention. OpenAI, an AI research organisation, argues for closed development to prevent potential misuse and abuse of AI technology. On the other hand, Meta, formerly known as Facebook, supports an open approach to developing generative AI.

Maintaining openness in AI research is considered crucial for advancing the field, despite concerns about potential abuse. AI research has historically been open, leading to significant advancements. Closing off research could create power asymmetries and solidify the current power positions in the AI industry.

Another important aspect of the AI discourse is adopting a rights-based approach towards AI. This includes prioritising principles such as safety, effectiveness, notice and explainability, and considering human alternatives. The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) has taken a multi-stakeholder approach to developing a Bill of Rights that emphasises these aspects.

In the United States, while there is a self-regulatory and co-regulatory approach to AI governance at the federal level, states and cities have taken a proactive stance. Currently, around 200 bills are being discussed at the state level, and several cities have enacted legislation regarding AI.

Engaging with young people is crucial in addressing AI-related issues. Young people often provide informed solutions and in many countries, they represent the majority of the population. Their deep understanding of AI highlights the need to listen to their preferences and incorporate their solutions. It is believed that engaging with young people can lead to more legitimate and acceptable use of AI. Additionally, innovative methods of engagement aligned with their preferred platforms need to be developed.

The importance of data quality cannot be overlooked when discussing AI, particularly in the context of generative AI. The principle of “garbage in, garbage out” becomes crucial, as the quality of the output is only as good as the quality of the input data. Attention should be focused not only on the AI models themselves but also on creating high-quality data to feed into these models.

Furthermore, open data, open science, and quality statistics have become more important than ever for qualitative generative AI. Prioritising these aspects contributes to the overall improvement and reliability of AI systems.

Overall, the discussion on AI emphasises responsible technology development rather than outright bans or government intervention. Maintaining openness in AI research is seen as crucial for the advancement of the field, although caution must be exercised to address potential risks and abuses. A rights-based approach, proactive governance at the local level, meaningful engagement with young people, and attention to data quality are all key considerations in the development and deployment of AI technology.

Siva Prasad Rambhatia

The analysis explores different perspectives on the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on society. One viewpoint highlights that AI has contributed to the creation and exacerbation of inequalities in society. Specifically, it has had a significant impact on marginalized communities, especially those in the global South. The introduction of AI technologies and applications has reinforced existing social, cultural, and economic barriers, widening the gap between privileged and disadvantaged groups. This sentiment is driven by the assertion that AI, particularly in its current form, creates new types of inequalities and further amplifies existing ones.

Another viewpoint revolves around the negative consequences of generative AI models. These models have the potential to replace various job roles traditionally performed by humans. This phenomenon has raised concerns regarding the social and economic implications of widespread job displacement. In addition, the advent of generative models has been associated with a growing disconnect within societies. As AI takes over certain tasks, the interaction and collaboration between humans may decrease, leading to potential societal fragmentation.

Conversely, there is a positive stance arguing for AI to adopt local or regionally specific approaches and to preserve local knowledge and traditional epistemologies. This perspective highlights the potential benefits of embracing context-specific AI applications that address unique regional challenges. Advocates argue that these approaches can contribute to building more inclusive and equitable knowledge societies. By utilizing local knowledge and traditions, AI can help identify appropriate solutions to complex human problems.

Inclusivity and multiculturalism are also emphasized as essential aspects of AI design. Advocates argue that AI systems must be designed with consideration for marginalized and indigenous communities. By incorporating inclusive practices in AI development, it is possible to mitigate the potential negative impacts and ensure that the benefits of AI are accessible to all.

Additionally, the analysis underscores the importance of documenting and utilizing local knowledge systems in model building. By incorporating local knowledge, AI models can be more effective in addressing local and regional issues. The accumulation of local knowledge can contribute to the development of robust and contextually sensitive AI solutions.

Overall, the analysis highlights the complex and multi-faceted impact of AI on society. While there are concerns about the creation of inequalities and job displacement, there are also opportunities for AI to be inclusive, region-specific, and leverage local knowledge. By considering these various perspectives and incorporating diverse viewpoints, it is possible to shape the development and implementation of AI technologies in a way that benefits all members of society.

Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Audience

The analysis explores various aspects of AI development and its relationship with compassion. It underscores the significance of engaging in philosophical discussions and ethical considerations during the AI development process. The speakers argue that such discussions are essential to ensure that AI development aligns with ethical principles and human values.

One crucial aspect is the need to establish the limits of AI and what is considered compassionate for AI to undertake. Concerns are raised about whether AI actions are enhancing our humanity or pushing us further away from it. The speakers propose that AI that promotes human development and preserves our humanity can be deemed more compassionate.

The ethical complexity of employing AI for genetic manipulation in healthcare is also a topic of discussion. The speakers delve into the question of whether it is ethical to modify the genetics of animals, like sheep, to cure human diseases such as cancer. They argue that this issue challenges us to consider the bounds of AI’s compassion within the healthcare context.

Child safety in the era of AI is a pressing concern, with speakers highlighting the capability of generative AI to produce materials related to child sexual abuse. They stress the importance of including children’s voices in AI development to ensure their protection and well-being. Additionally, the significance of strong guardianship to prevent exploitation and abuse of children is emphasized.

The analysis also touches upon the necessity for appropriate incentives for for-profit corporations. It suggests that regulations and incentives are essential to promote responsible consumption and production.

Furthermore, there is a call to redefine intelligence by recognizing compassion as a fundamental aspect of it. The speakers argue that authentic intelligence should encompass compassion as a crucial characteristic.

The possibility of sentient machines is another area of discussion. The speakers mention the perspectives of David and Ray Kurzweil, who suggest the potential for machines to achieve sentience. This raises questions about the future development and implications of AI.

Overall, the analysis highlights the multifaceted nature of AI development and its impact on compassion. It acknowledges the importance of philosophical discussions, ethical considerations, and the inclusion of diverse stakeholders in shaping the future development of AI. Additionally, it raises crucial concerns about child safety, ethical boundaries, and the need for responsible practices in AI development. The discussion concludes with an optimistic outlook on the future of compassion in AI.

Robert Kroplewski

The discussion surrounding the ethical considerations and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) highlights a significant gap between theoretical ethics and practical implementation. The utilitarianism approach, which prioritises the greatest overall benefit, remains prevalent in the deployment of AI despite ethical concerns.

In response to these concerns, several policy recommendations and acts have been proposed by various organisations. The OECD, UNESCO, and the European Union have all put forth guidelines, recommendations, and acts aiming to promote responsible and trustworthy AI. These efforts reflect a growing recognition of the need to address the ethical implications of AI.

Furthermore, there is a strong emphasis on ensuring that AI benefits both people and the planet. The OECD’s primary principle regarding AI is to ensure benefits for both humanity and the environment. To achieve this, there is a call to democratise AI, allowing the participation of all sectors, including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and academics. This inclusive approach aims to avoid the concentration of AI power in a few dominant entities and to ensure that its benefits are widely distributed.

The development of AI is an ongoing process, and there is still much work to be done. It is believed that the Compassion AI approach can fill the remaining gaps in the ethical considerations of AI. Compassion AI refers to an approach that upholds human dignity, promotes well-being, avoids harm, and strives to benefit both people and the planet. This approach is seen as promising and necessary to address the multifaceted challenges of AI deployment.

Robert Kroplewski, in his advocacy for prioritising UNESCO ethical recommendations over the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) agenda, highlights the need to have a strong impact on how ethical recommendations are prioritised. He proposes a call for action to produce an AI Compassion Bridge Charter and engage in a network for the implementation of a compassionate approach to AI. His viewpoint stresses the importance of understanding and appreciating compassion as a guiding principle in AI development.

Overall, the discussions and arguments on AI ethics and deployment reveal the complexity and ongoing nature of the AI development process. It is essential to bridge the gap between ethical considerations and practical implementation to ensure that AI benefits both people and the planet. The Compassion AI approach and prioritisation of ethical recommendations over the SDG agenda are put forth as potential solutions to address these challenges.

Marc Buckley

The analysis highlights the role of technology in historical transformations. Throughout history, technology has played a pivotal role in shifting from one age to another. Examples such as the steam engine, printing press, and computer demonstrate how transformative technologies have shaped human history. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and technology in the present era is seen as another transformational point in human history.

The argument put forward is that innovation is essential to guide humanity towards the right direction in this transformational period. The development of technology that can provide knowledge, wisdom, and training is necessary to avoid making significant errors. This argument acknowledges the importance of leveraging technological advancements to positively impact society.

Moving on to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is evident that they are a globally agreed-upon roadmap for the future. Proposed by 197 countries, the SDGs are seen as the first-ever global moonshot or earth shot. They aim to address pressing challenges and provide a plan for humanity’s protection and insurance. However, the analysis highlights that there is debate and controversy surrounding the SDGs due to a lack of collective intelligence. This points towards the need for better collaboration and cooperation on a global scale to effectively achieve the goals outlined in the SDGs.

The SDGs also represent a new economic model. They propose a budget of 90 Trillion US dollars by 2030, indicating substantial financial support and a clear path for achieving the targets. This economic model aligns with the goal of promoting decent work and economic growth (SDG 8) while also considering environmental sustainability.

Another argument raised is the importance of programming AI to uphold values of compassion and ethics. This notion suggests that AI should be capable of negotiating and resolving conflicts between AI systems or cultures, acting as intelligent beings rather than adding to divisions among humans. The positive impact of AI is emphasized when it is programmed to make wise decisions when confronted with situations that may harm life or humanity.

Furthermore, the analysis highlights the potential of AI as a tool for positive change in transitioning from the Anthropocene to the Symbiocene. By instilling ethics and compassion in AI, there is a belief that a symbiotic relationship between all life beings on Earth can be achieved. Harnessing technology to make history and creating a harmonious coexistence between humans and AI is seen as a key pathway towards the Symbiocene.

In conclusion, technology has always played a significant role in historical transformations, and the emergence of AI and technology marks another pivotal point in human history. The Sustainable Development Goals provide a roadmap for the future but need greater collective intelligence to overcome challenges. The SDGs also introduce a new economic model with substantial financial support. AI can be a powerful tool for positive change when programmed with compassion and ethics, while also helping humanity transition to the Symbiocene. This analysis underscores the need for responsible and innovative approaches to harness the potential of technology for the betterment of society and the environment.

David Hanson

The discussions revolve around the multifaceted aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and its potential implications. There is an overall positive sentiment towards AI, acknowledging its ability to potentially become sentient and its role in driving technological advancements.

One aspect of AI’s development highlighted in the discussions is the influence of the corporate sector. It is argued that advancements in AI technology are largely driven by corporations, which take risks and raise funds to propel AI technologies forward. This highlights the significant role that companies play in shaping the future of AI.

Compassion and appreciation for all life are emphasized as important values that should be integrated into AI development. It is highlighted that appreciation extends to life in all its diversity and the interdependence of humans on the web of life. Additionally, the concept of compassion is shared across many traditions, reinforcing the importance of incorporating these values into AI systems.

The broader picture of sustainable economics is brought into perspective, noting that corporate activities need to consider long-term implications for sustainable economic development. The discussions stress the need to look beyond the present and consider the economic impact on future generations. By taking a more holistic approach, corporations can contribute to sustainable and inclusive economic growth.

An interesting point raised in the discussions is the human ability to filter their sense of compassion. It is observed that humans possess the neural architecture of chimpanzees and can desensitize themselves to certain situations. This raises questions about the potential impact of this filtering ability on compassion and ethical decision-making.

Another noteworthy argument is the aim to enhance human caring through creations like AI robots. It is acknowledged that current AI models, like GPT-4, do not actually care. However, the aim is to develop AI that can assist and enhance human caring, potentially benefiting various domains such as healthcare and social services.

The need to democratise AI technologies and prioritise the greater good is emphasised. It is argued that technologies should be accessible to all and not be driven solely by the interests of a select few corporations or governments. The Global Artificial Intelligence Alliance (GAIA) is highlighted as an entity that aims to democratise AI access by encouraging collaboration and participation from individuals, corporations, governments, and NGOs.

Data is viewed as a commons, and the discussions advocate for individuals to have the ability to license in and benefit from their own data. Market dynamics and crowdsourcing are seen as potential mechanisms that can benefit a democracy of action. This approach is believed to empower individuals’ voices and provide access to valuable information.

Inclusive and transparent AI development is considered crucial. It is stressed that people from developing nations should be included in the development process, and leadership should involve individuals from indigenous communities and children. This reflects the importance of diverse perspectives in creating AI technologies that address the needs and aspirations of different populations.

Ethical considerations are highlighted throughout the discussions. Regulations are mentioned as a means to protect animal rights in research, and ethics review boards are acknowledged for weighing the costs and benefits of research involving animals. The use of technologies like simulations is proposed as a way to make smarter decisions without sacrificing ethics or causing animal suffering.

Notably, the discussions also recognise the potential for technologies to enhance human compassion. While specific evidence or arguments are not provided, this observation suggests that AI and related technologies have the potential to positively impact human emotions and empathy.

In conclusion, the discussions on AI and its implications focus on the need for inclusive and transparent development, incorporating compassion and appreciation for all life, sustainable economics, ethical considerations, and the democratization of AI technologies. The insights gained from these discussions highlight the potential benefits and challenges associated with AI, as well as the importance of considering diverse perspectives in its development.

Marko Grobelnik

Regulation of AI by international organisations began prior to the recent advancements in AI. However, the rapid development of AI, particularly with the emergence of Chat GPT, has caused confusion among regulators. This accelerated progress has posed challenges for policymakers as they try to keep up with new technologies and their potential implications.

The competition for market control in AI is intensifying, with Western companies such as Microsoft, AWS, Google, and Meta vying for dominance. This competition extends beyond companies and extends to a geopolitical level, with the United States, Europe, and China being the main players. The strategic positioning and control of AI technologies have become crucial in shaping global power dynamics.

To address the balance between the power of AI and public trust, an innovative approach suggests the establishment of a voluntary conduct between big tech companies and the government. This approach aims to ensure responsible and ethical use of AI, addressing concerns surrounding data privacy, bias, and algorithmic decision-making.

China is recognised as a rising power in the field of AI. While the country has made significant progress in AI development, it currently faces a challenge in terms of lacking the necessary hardware infrastructure.

The concept of developing compassionate AI is gaining traction. The current AI technology allows for AI systems to understand and mimic text to a certain degree, which opens avenues for the development of compassionate AI. Large language models like GPT-3 can reflect the knowledge fed into them and exhibit a form of “text understanding.” However, it is important to note that AI’s inferencing and reasoning capabilities are still limited.

Interestingly, proponents argue that elements like empathy, positive human values, and societal understanding can be ingrained into AI systems mathematically. By incorporating these elements and leveraging a reflective human knowledge base, AI has the potential to exhibit compassion, further expanding the horizons of AI applications.

Additionally, an additional layer of compassionate AI can be integrated into existing AI and IT systems to guide their decision-making. Some companies have already started implementing forms of compassionate AI by blocking negative queries, highlighting the potential for improving AI systems’ ethical decision-making.

The development of AI is currently dominated by a few big tech companies, giving them significant control over the direction and advancements in the field. This concentration of power raises important questions about accessibility, diversity, and fair competition.

Despite the existing limitations, there is optimism about the progress and future of AI. The past year has witnessed unexpected advancements in AI technology, pushing the boundaries and inspiring confidence in its continued growth and potential societal benefits.

In conclusion, the regulation of AI has a history preceding the recent AI progress, but it now faces challenges due to the accelerated development caused by technologies like Chat GPT. The competition for market control in AI is intensifying on a global scale. An innovative approach to strike a balance between AI power and public trust is advocated through voluntary conduct between big tech companies and governments. China is emerging as a major player in the field of AI, although it currently lacks necessary hardware. The concept of developing compassionate AI is gaining traction, with the potential to integrate empathy and positive human values into AI systems. The development of AI is currently concentrated in the hands of a few big tech companies. Despite limitations, optimism about the progress and future of AI persists due to witnessed advancements in recent times.

Edward Pyrek

During the discussion on artificial intelligence (AI) and its potential impact, the speakers focused on several key points. One area of importance was the concept of compassionate AI, which involves developing AI systems that possess empathy and understanding. The speakers argued that compassion should be considered a common thread across religions and cultures and can, therefore, serve as a foundation for the development of compassionate AI. They mentioned the creation of the Gaia Global Artificial Intelligence Alliance in 2020, which aims to concentrate on creating decentralised and compassionate AI. This alliance can potentially contribute to the development of AI systems that have a positive impact on society.

Another crucial aspect discussed was the need for collective action and interdisciplinary approaches in shaping the future of AI. The speakers stressed the significance of involving various fields, including technology, spirituality, psychology, arts, and more, to ensure a well-rounded approach toward AI-driven advancements. They highlighted the formation of the Virtual Florence group, consisting of experts from diverse disciplines, who work collaboratively to explore the potential of AI in creating a better future. The inclusion of AI in discussions regarding its future was highly emphasised.

The speakers also acknowledged the potential of AI in addressing global challenges such as climate change, combating illnesses, and reducing wars. However, they cautioned against the dangers posed by AI if it lacks ethics or compassion. The GPT-3 model, created by OpenAI, was referenced as an example of AI systems without ethics or compassion, which can potentially be dangerous. They mentioned Edward’s support for the AI Impact Summit in March 2024, which aims to address these challenges and encourage the development of AI with compassion and ethics.

Furthermore, the speakers emphasised the importance of asking the right questions when working with AI, suggesting that it may be more vital than seeking answers. By framing proper questions and exploring various possibilities, the speakers believed that AI can be utilised more effectively and ethically. They also argued that ethics and personal values should form the foundation of AI development, emphasising the need to prioritise these aspects when creating AI systems or any technology.

The potential of AI in understanding human nature and enhancing compassion was also a significant point of discussion. The speakers posited that AI can be leveraged to understand humans better, ultimately leading to the creation of “super compassion”. This understanding of human nature can contribute to various aspects of human well-being.

Overall, the speakers expressed both positive and negative sentiments about AI. While recognising its potential to address global challenges and enhance compassion, they also highlighted the risks that AI without ethics or compassion can bring. Through this discussion, it is evident that thoughtful and responsible development is crucial for ensuring the positive impact of AI on society.

One noteworthy observation from the discussion was the recognition that the future of AI is an arena where imagination is lacking. The speakers noted that imagining the future we want, with AI playing a beneficial role, is a challenge that needs to be overcome. This highlights the need for creative thinking and envisioning the possibilities of AI in a way that aligns with human values and aspirations.

In conclusion, the conversation on AI and its potential impact covered the importance of compassionate AI, the need for collective action and interdisciplinary approaches, the potential of AI in addressing global challenges, the significance of ethics and values in AI development, the value of asking the right questions, and the exploration of AI’s potential in understanding human nature better. By considering these insights, it becomes clear that responsible and ethical development of AI is vital for a future where AI can bring positive contributions to society.

Emma Ruttkamp-Bloem

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is advancing rapidly and has the potential to significantly impact human agency and autonomy. AI can process and analyze vast amounts of data in ways that exceed human capabilities, leading to both positive and negative outcomes for individuals and society as a whole. Therefore, it is essential to consider the ethical implications of AI and ensure that it benefits humanity.

The UNESCO recommendation on the ethics of AI is a significant development in this field. Its focus is on promoting technology that prioritizes humans and establishing a responsible framework for AI systems. The recommendation emphasizes the importance of global and intercultural dialogue in shaping ethical guidelines for AI. It aims to enable all stakeholders to share responsibility for the development and application of AI technology, aligning it with human values and societal well-being.

In November 2021, the recommendation was adopted by 193 member states, indicating a global consensus on the need for ethical guidelines in AI. This recognition highlights the importance of addressing the potential implications and consequences of AI technology on a global scale, particularly in relation to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, and SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions.

Moreover, the recommendation underscores the translation and actualization of ethical entitlements, such as the right to privacy, to promote positive liberty through AI ethics. This approach places positive obligations on all AI actors, including developers, policymakers, and users, to respect and protect individual rights and well-being. By prioritizing ethical considerations and facilitating meaningful interaction between technology and society, this approach aims to promote individual flourishing and maintain the integrity of technological processes.

In conclusion, the rapidly advancing AI technology requires a comprehensive and ethical approach to ensure its alignment with the well-being of humanity. The UNESCO recommendation on the ethics of AI is a significant milestone in the promotion of responsible AI systems. By prioritizing human-centered technology and fostering global dialogue, the recommendation aims to ensure that AI technology works to the benefit of humanity, while promoting positive liberties and preserving the integrity of technological processes.

Tom Eddington

The analysis explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on businesses and the environment, with a focus on several key points. It begins by mentioning Amazon’s recent $4 billion acquisition in the field of AI, which raises concerns about companies prioritizing commercialization over ethical considerations. This suggests that businesses may be driven solely by profit and neglect the potential negative consequences of AI.

However, an alternative viewpoint is presented, arguing that businesses should be guided by an AI charter to ensure ethical decision-making. This aligns with the principle that businesses need a clear framework to address the ethical challenges posed by AI. An example is the Earth Charter, created in the 1990s, which provides guidance for decision-making with regard to environmental concerns.

Another positive aspect highlighted in the analysis is the potential of AI to address the problem of resource overshoot. It is noted that on August 22nd, World Overshoot Day marks the point when the planet’s resources are used up faster than they can regenerate. The analysis suggests that AI offers the potential to manage resources more efficiently and mitigate this issue.

Moreover, the analysis emphasizes the need to manage ourselves and our ethics as generative AI rapidly evolves. Nicholas Robinson at Pace University warns that generative AI is advancing faster than our ability to adapt and cope. This serves as a reminder that ethical considerations and responsible management are crucial as AI progresses.

Regarding AI business models, the analysis argues that compassion and decentralization should be incorporated into their creation. It mentions that the effects of centralization and decentralization have been observed in the power generation sector. By incorporating compassion and decentralization, AI business models can ensure a more human-centric and sustainable approach.

Furthermore, the intentional design of AI is essential. The analysis states that AI should not be allowed to evolve without intentional design and emphasizes the importance of enabling it to exhibit compassion. This reinforces the need to consider ethical aspects during the development of AI technologies.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the necessity of ethical and responsible approaches to AI. It acknowledges the potential benefits of AI while emphasizing the importance of avoiding potential negative consequences and ensuring that AI is developed with intentional design and compassion. Additionally, it underscores the need for businesses to have clear guidance, such as an AI charter, to make ethical decisions in the rapidly evolving AI landscape.

Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Audience

Upon analysing the provided statements, it is evident that there are several concerns and inquiries raised by the speakers. These concerns are centred around various issues related to TikTok, platform APIs, engagement with overseas countries, fake news and disinformation, algorithm transparency, and online content moderation.

One of the main concerns is regarding TikTok’s censorship and user information “bubbling.” This refers to a situation where TikToks from certain countries, such as Russia and Ukraine, cannot be viewed by users in other countries, even with a direct link. Instead, videos from these links are replaced with unrelated content, such as videos of cats and dogs. This has triggered negative sentiment among users and raised concerns about the control over user information.

Additionally, there is an inquiry about the regulation of TikTok’s policy and mechanism for controlling viewer access. The speaker seeks clarity on how TikTok manages and controls viewer access to its platform. Although no supporting facts are provided, it reflects a neutral stance and highlights the need for understanding TikTok’s policy regulation.

Another concern raised relates to platform APIs and data access. The de-emphasis of CrowdTangle, restrictions on APIs, and expenses for research organizations are mentioned as supporting facts. These issues have generated negative sentiment among users who worry about the limitations and costs associated with platform APIs and data access.

Furthermore, the speakers express curiosity about engagement with overseas and partner countries. While one speaker mentions work done with these countries, no details are provided about the nature and extent of this engagement. Nonetheless, this topic is approached with a neutral sentiment, indicating an interest in learning more about the engagement process.

The increase in the manifestation of fake news and disinformation in Taiwan raises concerns. It is highlighted that private sector platform providers play a crucial role in enforcing regulations and dealing with such information. This negative sentiment reflects worries about the impact of fake news and disinformation on society.

The desire for algorithm transparency in content recommendation is another argument put forth. However, no supporting facts are mentioned regarding this issue. Despite this, the neutral sentiment reflects a general interest in making the content recommendation algorithm more transparent.

There is also a speaker who wants to understand how online content moderation systems work. While no supporting facts are provided, this neutral stance suggests a curiosity about the mechanisms and processes involved in content moderation on platforms like TikTok.

Lastly, there is an inquiry if it is possible to retrieve a post or video once it has been removed by the content moderation system. No additional information is provided on this topic, but the neutral sentiment implies a desire to explore the potential of content recovery.

In conclusion, the concerns and inquiries presented in the statements cover a wide range of topics, including TikTok’s user privacy and information control, policy regulation and control over viewer access, platform APIs and data access, engagement with overseas and partner countries, manifestation of fake news and disinformation, algorithm transparency, online content moderation systems, and content recovery. These matters highlight various aspects of platform management, user experience, and the impact of social media platforms on society. The analysis helps identify the speakers’ viewpoint and concerns while emphasising the need for further insights and information on these subjects.

Paula Gori

The European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO) is an independent consortium of organizations that focuses on fact-checking, academic research, and media literacy. Although funded by the European Commission, EDMO operates autonomously. It aims to combat misinformation by providing a platform where experts can collaborate on addressing this issue.

One of the main objectives of EDMO is to provide tools and evidence to counter disinformation. The organization establishes networks of fact-checkers who work together to identify false narratives and share information with one another. This collaborative approach allows for quicker and more efficient debunking of misleading information, especially when done within the first 24 hours.

In addition to combating disinformation, EDMO also focuses on mapping and evaluating media literacy initiatives. It strives to thoroughly understand the impact and effectiveness of these initiatives, ensuring that efforts to enhance media literacy are productive and fruitful.

An important consideration for EDMO is data accessibility. They have produced a code of conduct for accessing online platform data and are working towards creating an independent intermediary body that handles requests for such data. EDMO recognizes the necessity of granting access to platform data for research purposes while fully respecting GDPR regulations.

However, there are challenges in accessing platform data, particularly for researchers from smaller universities and countries with minority languages. Data access is more readily available to well-established universities, which amplifies the inequality in research opportunities between larger and smaller educational institutions.

Paula, in her stance, advocates for the accessibility of platform data, especially for researchers from smaller universities and countries with minority languages. She points out the difficulty faced by these institutions in accessing data and emphasizes the importance of ensuring equitable research opportunities. Paula also acknowledges the need for proper infrastructures to effectively handle and manage data, highlighting that data accessibility is not the only concern; having the necessary infrastructure is equally crucial.

In conclusion, EDMO plays a significant role in addressing misinformation by providing a collaborative platform for experts in fact-checking, research, and media literacy. Their efforts to combat disinformation, map media literacy initiatives, and promote data accessibility are commendable. However, challenges remain in terms of accessing platform data, particularly for researchers from smaller universities and minority language contexts. It is essential to address these challenges and create a level playing field for all researchers to contribute to the fight against misinformation.

Erik Lambert

The European Commission is currently engaged in the process of regulating artificial intelligence (AI) with a specific focus on preventing the manipulation of public opinion. These regulations aim to curb coordinated activities by foreign powers or specific groups seeking to influence public sentiment. It is important, however, that these regulations do not impede freedom of speech.

According to Erik Lambert, an expert in the field, the younger generation’s trust in social media platforms is shifting. Platforms like Facebook and Twitter, which have traditionally dominated the digital sphere, are experiencing a decline in trust. Instead, younger people are turning to platforms such as TikTok that offer more personal experiences. This shift underscores the need for social media platforms to adapt and address the concerns of their user base.

Furthermore, Lambert emphasizes the importance of understanding and evolving our approach to public opinion formation in the 21st century. The rise of digital platforms, social media, and the rapid dissemination of information have changed the way public opinion is shaped. It is essential to recognize and adapt to these changes in order to effectively engage with the public and address their needs and concerns.

In conclusion, the efforts of the European Commission to regulate AI and combat the manipulation of public opinion are commendable. However, it is crucial to strike the right balance between preserving freedom of speech and preventing coordinated activities that aim to deceive or manipulate the public. Additionally, social media platforms must adapt to the changing trends in trust among the younger generation. Finally, understanding and evolving our approach to public opinion formation is essential for effective engagement with the public in the 21st century.

Esteve Sanz

Esteve Sanz highlights the crucial role of the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) in discussing critical issues related to disinformation and internet governance on a global scale. The attendance of the Vice President of the European Commission further emphasizes the importance placed on the forum and the seriousness with which disinformation is being addressed.

At the IGF, countries exchange ideas and concerns about disinformation, demonstrating collaborative efforts to combat its spread and the need for international cooperation. Esteve Sanz emphasizes that the IGF provides a substantial and concrete platform for these discussions.

One specific concern raised is the increasing influence of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in amplifying disinformation. Policymakers are urged to be alert and proactive in countering this issue. The affordability and ease with which generative AI can produce disinformation campaigns make it a significant threat. The European Commission is considering measures such as watermarking AI-generated content to tackle this challenge.

Esteve Sanz also emphasizes the importance of a clear definition of disinformation within the European Union (EU). It is argued that disinformation is an intentional action carried out by specific actors. This aligns with the EU’s human-centric approach to digital policies and underscores the need for accurate understanding and identification of disinformation to effectively combat it.

In conclusion, Esteve Sanz’s stance on the IGF underscores its critical role in addressing global disinformation and internet governance issues. The attendance of the Vice President of the European Commission and the exchange of concerns among countries highlight the significance placed on the forum. The threat posed by generative AI in amplifying disinformation calls for heightened alertness from policymakers. Moreover, a clear definition of disinformation is deemed essential within the EU, reflecting its human-centric approach to digital policies. These insights shed light on the international and regional efforts to combat disinformation and ensure the integrity of online information exchanges.

Stanislav Matejka

The European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services (ERGA) plays a vital role in enforcing and implementing the Audiovisual Media Services Directive, with a strong focus on effectiveness. ERGA’s members have the responsibility of not only enforcing European legislation but also their own national legislation, ensuring comprehensive media regulation.

ERGA is particularly focused on political advertising, establishing rules for advertising in general and paying particular attention to political advertising. Since the creation of the first code of practice in 2018, ERGA has consistently directed its efforts towards this issue. Their aim is to ensure fair and transparent political campaigns.

ERGA also places significant importance on election integrity and transparency. They have introduced a code of practice that includes transparency obligations and commitments to publish transparency reports. ERGA emphasizes the effective enforcement of platforms’ own policies and closely monitors this aspect. Transparency is key to protecting election integrity and ensuring accountability.

To combat misinformation on online platforms, ERGA supports the establishment of reporting mechanisms. They propose the creation of functional reporting mechanisms for regulators, researchers, and anyone else who wishes to report or flag instances of misinformation. This initiative aims to address the spread of false information and provide a platform for accountability.

Access to data is crucial for ERGA in promoting public scrutiny through independent research. They recognize the significance of data for the research community in informing the enforcement of regulatory frameworks. ERGA supports the idea that independent research should have access to relevant data, enabling a more informed analysis and evaluation of media services.

In summary, ERGA is dedicated to effectively implementing the Audiovisual Media Services Directive. Their focus on political advertising, transparency in elections, reporting mechanisms for misinformation, and access to data for independent research are essential aspects of their work. By addressing these areas, ERGA aims to ensure fair and transparent media services in Europe.

Giovanni Zagni

The European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO) has recently established a new task force with a specific focus on addressing disinformation during the 2024 European elections. This task force aims to build upon the success of a previous one that focused on tackling disinformation during the Ukraine war. Comprising 18 members from various sectors, the task force is committed to understanding the nature of disinformation and disseminating valuable insights to combat its harmful effects.

One of the key objectives of the task force is to review past electoral campaigns, analyze their outcomes, and identify the main risks associated with the upcoming European elections in 2024. Through this process, they seek to develop strategies and frameworks to counteract disinformation and safeguard the integrity of the electoral process. Additionally, the task force plans to disseminate best practices from the media and information literacy world. By sharing successful approaches, they hope to enhance media awareness and empower citizens to critically evaluate and navigate the information landscape.

Giovanni Zagni, a strong advocate for democracy and inclusivity, fully supports this initiative. He emphasizes the need for a democratic and inclusive approach in addressing disinformation, ensuring that the diverse issues faced by each country are properly represented. Zagni highlights the task force’s role in facilitating the exchange of best practices and experiences in combating disinformation, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of efforts to promote peace, justice, and strong democratic institutions.

In conclusion, the establishment of the new task force by EDMO represents a significant step in addressing disinformation during the 2024 European elections. Building on the success of the previous task force, they aim to develop comprehensive strategies to tackle disinformation, review past electoral campaigns, and disseminate best practices. With the support of individuals like Giovanni Zagni, the task force aims to foster a democratic and inclusive environment where diverse issues are adequately considered. Through these collective efforts, they hope to reinforce media literacy, combat disinformation, and uphold the integrity of the electoral process.

Caroline Greer

TikTok actively participates in the Code of Practice on Disinformation, taking a leading role in developing structural indicators. They, along with other platforms, recently published their second reports on tackling disinformation. As a signatory of the Code of Practice on Disinformation, TikTok co-chairs the election working group, demonstrating their dedication to addressing disinformation during elections.

TikTok advocates for a multi-stakeholder approach to combat disinformation, promoting partnerships with fact-checkers, civil society, and other actors. They are part of a larger ecosystem that encourages collaboration in combating disinformation.

To ensure the integrity of elections, TikTok has a comprehensive global election integrity program in place. They work with local experts for each election and provide authoritative information about the election on their platform. Additionally, TikTok collaborates with external partners to gather additional intelligence.

TikTok has a strict policy against political advertising, which they have upheld for several years. They restrict the activities of political parties and politicians during elections, including campaign funding.

TikTok runs media literacy campaigns to promote critical thinking and verification of information. They sometimes partner with fact-checkers to enhance the effectiveness of these campaigns.

TikTok applies community guidelines globally, which help create a safe and inclusive environment for users.

In response to the Ukraine-Russian situation, TikTok has implemented special measures to mitigate the spread of harmful content and support peace and justice.

TikTok offers features to enhance user experience, such as the ability to refresh the content feed for a broader range of content. They have also introduced a second recommender system as required by the Digital Services Act, which presents popular videos based on the user’s location.

The Digital Services Act (DSA) plays a crucial role in promoting transparency in online platforms, including TikTok. Platforms must provide a detailed explanation of their recommender systems and reasons for any action taken. Users have the right to appeal platform decisions, and transparency reports are published to provide insights into content moderation practices.

In summary, TikTok actively engages in combatting disinformation, ensuring election integrity, promoting media literacy, and enhancing user experience. They adhere to policies and regulations such as the Code of Practice on Disinformation and the Digital Services Act, upholding transparency and fostering trust. Through collaboration and effective measures, TikTok creates a safe and engaging platform.

Albin Birger

The European Union (EU) is taking comprehensive action to combat disinformation. This includes implementing measures in three key areas: legislation, external actions, and communication. The EU institutions, such as the Commission and the European External Action Service, reflect these actions through their institutional architecture. The Director-General (DG) of the European Commission, Albin Birger, represents DG Connect, which is responsible for legislation regarding disinformation.

The EU is strengthening its regulatory framework with the introduction of the Digital Services Act (DSA), which mandates that online platforms be accountable for content moderation, advertising, and algorithmic processes. The Commission has been granted extensive investigatory and supervisory powers under the DSA.

Furthermore, the Code of Practice on disinformation, a voluntary and industry-based measure, plays a significant role in combating disinformation. Established in 2018 and strengthened in 2022, the Code aims to reduce financial incentives for those spreading disinformation and empower users to better understand and report disinformation content.

The EU is particularly focused on addressing disinformation related to electoral processes. To tackle this issue, a specific working group has been established. This group aims to exchange information and develop actions that can be implemented during elections to effectively counter disinformation-related risks.

The European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO) also plays a crucial role in the EU’s fight against disinformation. This observatory supports the development of a multi-disciplinary community of independent fact-checkers and academic researchers. EDMO operates as a central system, with national or regional hubs covering the EU territory and population. Additionally, EDMO has a specific task force for elections that carries out risk assessments ahead of European elections.

The DSA adds an additional layer of accountability for large online platforms, introducing mechanisms to audit the data and information provided by these platforms. Failure to comply with DSA obligations may result in enforcement measures and fines based on a percentage of the platform’s global turnover.

While signing the code of practice is voluntary for online platforms, it serves as a tool to demonstrate their compliance with DSA obligations. Even if platforms choose not to sign, they can still align their actions with the expectations outlined in the code of practice.

In conclusion, the European Union is taking comprehensive action against disinformation through legislation, external actions, and communication. The implementation of the Digital Services Act and the Code of Practice on disinformation provides a framework for accountability and empowers individuals to combat disinformation. The EU’s focus on tackling disinformation related to electoral processes, along with the support of the European Digital Media Observatory, further strengthens its efforts in this area.

Giacomo Mazzone

This town hall meeting focused on the upcoming European election in 2024 and the measures being taken to secure the elections and minimize interference. Representatives from the European Commission, the European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO), the regulatory body ERGA, TikTok, and civil society were present.

The European Commission, as the main proponent of this initiative, discussed the broader framework of the election and the role of independent regulators. They emphasized the importance of securing the elections and minimizing interference while enabling voters to freely express their views.

EDMO, responsible for tackling disinformation, addressed concerns from other regions about the creation of a “minister of truth.” They clarified that involvement of independent regulators, like ERGA, ensures a multi-stakeholder approach and prevents any monopolization of truth.

A representative from civil society questioned the effectiveness of self-assessment reports from big tech companies in preventing social harm on digital platforms. They discussed additional measures and actions that need to be taken for better results.

TikTok’s representative highlighted the platform’s commitment to preventing harm and maintaining a safe environment during the elections. They emphasized the responsibility of platforms like TikTok to proactively address harmful content and uphold the integrity of the democratic process.

The issue of what happens if large platforms refuse to comply with the code of practice was also discussed. The European Commission representative addressed this concern and assured that remedial actions would be taken to prevent significant harm.

Research in the field was another topic raised in the meeting. The EDMO representative acknowledged the importance of research in understanding and addressing election security and disinformation.

The meeting briefly discussed concerns about European citizenship modules and their impact on the election process. The need to address these concerns and provide clarity was mentioned, though no specific solutions were discussed.

Overall, the meeting aimed to provide valuable insights into securing elections, minimizing interference, and combating disinformation during the European election in 2024. The multi-stakeholder approach, involving the European Commission, regulators, platforms like TikTok, and civil society, demonstrated a collective commitment to ensuring the integrity of the electoral process.

Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Kossi Amessinou

According to the analysis, it has been found that several African governments are actively supporting investment in digital infrastructure. This is a significant development as it indicates a major shift in Africa’s role in the digital landscape. The provision of digital infrastructure is crucial for ensuring digital availability across the continent. Without adequate investment in infrastructure, digital services and connectivity would not be possible.

Furthermore, the analysis highlights that governments in Africa, particularly in West Africa and specifically Benin, are offering subsidies to the private sector to incentivise and support investment. This creates numerous investment opportunities, particularly in areas such as broadband implementation in rural areas. Such initiatives encourage the private sector to contribute to the expansion of digital infrastructure and bridge the digital divide within the continent.

The analysis also emphasizes the need for increased investment in data centres and internet exchange points. These facilities play a crucial role in ensuring local internet traffic and lowering costs. By establishing well-equipped data centres and internet exchange points, Africa can benefit from efficient and cost-effective local data networks.

Additionally, the analysis presents an argument regarding the freedom of internet service providers to offer services at lower costs. This argument suggests that governments should allow greater flexibility in regulations to enable service providers to lower their prices. An example from Benin indicates that internet service providers can receive licences by city, which not only helps in reducing service costs but also promotes competition and improves access to affordable internet services for users.

In conclusion, the analysis reveals the changing landscape of digital infrastructure investment in Africa. African governments are actively supporting investment, and the private sector is presented with several opportunities to contribute to the expansion of digital infrastructure. Furthermore, the importance of increasing investment in data centres and internet exchange points is highlighted. Lastly, the argument is made for enabling internet service providers to offer services at lower costs to enhance affordability and accessibility. Overall, these findings underscore the significant progress being made in Africa’s digital ecosystem and the potential for further growth and development.

Thabo Mashegoane

Africa is facing the need to transition from a consumption-based economy to a more sustainable model that focuses on becoming producers and manufacturers. This shift is crucial for the continent to achieve its sustainable development goals. It is predicted that Africa will become the most populated continent with a significant number of young people, who are likely to possess an average of four devices per individual over the next three to five decades.

While Africa’s potential youth population and their high device ownership may offer opportunities, relying solely on a consumption-based economy will not be sufficient to accomplish sustainable development goals. Africa needs to move towards a more productive and manufacturing-focused economic model. This transition requires a strategic roadmap that includes capacity development and the establishment of production facilities.

The roadmap for Africa’s transition to a producer and manufacturer-oriented economy starts with capacity development. It is essential to enhance the skills and knowledge of the workforce to meet the demands of a shifting economic landscape. Investing in quality education and vocational training programs becomes imperative in preparing the African population for jobs in the manufacturing sector. Strengthening technical skills and promoting entrepreneurship can also contribute to the development of a vibrant manufacturing industry.

Alongside capacity development, the establishment of production facilities is vital. Africa must build the infrastructure and create a conducive environment for manufacturing industries to thrive. This includes ensuring a reliable supply chain, access to affordable energy, modern technology, and supportive policies and regulations. By promoting local production and reducing reliance on imports, African countries can strengthen their economies, create employment opportunities, and encourage sustainable development.

It is important to note that a positive sentiment is associated with the transition from a consumption-based economy to a producer and manufacturer-oriented model in Africa. This shift is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 8, which focuses on decent work and economic growth, and SDG 9, which emphasizes industry, innovation, and infrastructure.

In conclusion, Africa’s journey towards sustainable development requires a shift from a consumption-based economy to one that prioritizes production and manufacturing. The continent’s projected rise in population, particularly the youth demographic, presents both opportunities and challenges. By implementing a strategic roadmap that includes capacity development and the establishment of production facilities, Africa can harness its potential, create sustainable economic growth, and achieve the SDGs. It is essential for African nations to embrace this transition and invest in the necessary infrastructure and skills development to secure a prosperous and sustainable future.

Inye Kembonta

Africa possesses a wealth of human and natural resources that have the potential to contribute significantly to its economic growth. These resources include various minerals that can aid in the manufacturing of infrastructure required for the internet. However, Africa has struggled to fully retain the value chain and capitalize on its resources, which has hindered its economic development.

There is a pressing need for policy development in Africa to address this issue. The continent must establish effective policies that enable it to take advantage of its abundant resources and play a more active role in global discussions related to the internet governance forum.

Inye Kembonta emphasizes the importance of African solutions in benefiting Africa as a whole. It is suggested that African solutions be defined to include existing solutions that are rooted in the continent. By highlighting the unique contributions that Africa can make to the global value chain, it can have a greater influence and derive more benefits from its resources.

However, Kembonta argues that Africa has not effectively utilized its resources. Despite the abundance of resources, both human and natural, Africa has struggled to convert them into a significant part of the global value chain. This underscores the need for better resource management and responsible consumption and production practices.

Furthermore, Kembonta advocates for government engagement with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to foster partnerships and collaboration. By involving NGOs in discussions and initiatives, the government can benefit from their expertise and perspectives, leading to more inclusive policies that address the digital sector’s challenges and opportunities in Africa.

In conclusion, Africa’s vast human and natural resources hold immense potential for economic growth. However, it is crucial for the continent to retain more of the value chain, exploit its resources effectively, develop appropriate policies, and engage with NGOs to foster partnerships. By doing so, Africa can position itself as a key player in the digital landscape, contributing to its own development and the global internet governance discourse.

Melissa Sassi

Melissa Sassi is a venture partner at Machine Lab Ventures, where her focus is on enabling tech entrepreneurs to effectively build, scale, and potentially exit their businesses. She prioritizes the importance of digital innovation and financial well-being in this process, particularly within the African context.

In Africa, Melissa Sassi emphasizes the crucial role that digital technologies play in driving economic growth. She specifically highlights the significance of entrepreneurship and the youth in this regard. She provides evidence from various articles that underscore the value of digital technologies and youth entrepreneurship in transforming Africa. Her belief in the potential of these factors to contribute significantly to the continent’s development is evident.

Melissa Sassi advocates for a practical and real-world-oriented education model. She places importance on skills such as storytelling, critical thinking, building partnerships, and financial management. By promoting this type of education, she aims to equip individuals with the necessary skills and knowledge to thrive in today’s world.

Furthermore, Melissa Sassi emphasizes the importance of fostering an entrepreneurial culture within universities to drive growth and development. She suggests a project-based learning approach at the university level, with a focus on cultivating a growth mindset and entrepreneurial skills. This approach encourages students to think creatively, take risks, and develop the mindset necessary for entrepreneurial success.

Overall, Melissa Sassi’s work demonstrates her dedication to supporting and empowering tech entrepreneurs, specifically in the African context. Her emphasis on digital innovation, practical education, and fostering an entrepreneurial culture contributes to economic growth and development. Her insights serve as inspiration for entrepreneurs and educators alike, providing valuable guidance for creating an environment conducive to innovation and progress.

Rachael Shitanda

Africa is facing challenges in its digital and economic development, and several arguments are presented on how the continent can overcome these challenges and unlock its potential. One crucial aspect is the need for Africa to leverage its own capacity and resources to address its digital and economic development problems.

One argument emphasises the importance of increased Internet connectivity and accessibility in Africa over the past two decades. This has attracted a significant number of startups to the continent, as they see new market potential and opportunities. The positive sentiment towards this argument suggests that leveraging the power of the Internet can be a game-changer for Africa’s economic growth.

Another argument focuses on the role of governments in encouraging local talent and facilitating the development of locally made products. The argument highlights the significance of strategies and initiatives aimed at nurturing local talent, which can significantly boost economic development. Providing favourable government policies in terms of business setup is also essential for stimulating entrepreneurship and creating a thriving startup ecosystem. The sentiment associated with this argument is positive, indicating a belief that governments have a crucial role to play in supporting and promoting local talent and businesses.

Furthermore, developing a high skill set and an entrepreneurial mindset is emphasised as another key factor in driving Africa’s digital and economic development. Proper education and training are seen as essential in nurturing an entrepreneurial mindset and developing the necessary skills. Additionally, the importance of capital investment within African communities is highlighted, suggesting that encouraging venture capitalism can further foster an entrepreneurial ecosystem in Africa.

A noteworthy observation from the analysis is the importance of nurturing homegrown solutions for the continent. While it is mentioned that most African startups are currently funded by venture capitalists from Eastern and Western countries, there is a sentiment that African populations should be empowered to invest in local startups. This highlights the need for Africans to take ownership of the development and growth of their own businesses and industries.

Another observation is the responsibility of governments in creating an enabling environment for business setup, providing good policies, employment opportunities, and stable currencies. Governments are seen as key players in creating favourable conditions for economic growth and reducing inequalities.

In conclusion, the various arguments presented all underline the need for Africa to leverage its own capacity and resources in addressing its digital and economic development problems. This includes increasing Internet connectivity, encouraging local talent and homegrown products, nurturing an entrepreneurial mindset through high skills and venture capitalism, and ensuring that governments provide good policies and employment opportunities. By embracing these strategies, Africa can unlock its tremendous potential for economic growth and development.

Joanna Kulesza

The summary highlights the need for a comprehensive and well-aligned regulatory framework for internet infrastructure in Africa. This is due to SpaceX now starting its operations in Nigeria and the importance of broadband internet access, which involves international law, national regulations, and multi-stakeholder policies. The sentiment towards this argument is positive, emphasising the necessity of a regulatory framework to support internet infrastructures in Africa effectively.

Another argument raised is the scrutiny of non-African companies, like SpaceX, that offer connectivity services. It states that these companies should be thoroughly examined based on jurisdiction, security measures, and data handling. Questions arise concerning equipment ownership and access, as well as the content of collected data, access to it, and processing rights. The sentiment regarding this argument is neutral, suggesting a need for careful consideration and evaluation of these non-African companies operating in Africa.

Promoting stakeholder participation is considered vital in achieving sustainable internet access. This includes the involvement of governments and civil society in the decision-making process. The World Radio Conference, scheduled for later this year, aims to discuss these considerations. The conference would provide an opportunity for informed input from all stakeholders, enabling African countries to actively work towards ensuring sustainable development and internet access. The sentiment towards this argument is positive, recognising the importance of involving all stakeholders for effective and inclusive decision-making.

In conclusion, the expanded summary emphasises the need for a comprehensive regulatory framework, scrutiny of non-African companies providing connectivity services, and the importance of stakeholder participation in ensuring sustainable internet access in Africa. The World Radio Conference is highlighted as a platform for discussing these considerations and gaining input from all relevant stakeholders. Overall, the analysis provides insights into the challenges and opportunities involved in promoting internet infrastructure and inclusivity in Africa.

Bimbo Abioye

Africa is currently not very visible on the global digital value chain map, particularly in areas such as content creation and fintech. This lack of ownership and visibility can be attributed to internal challenges faced by Africa itself. These challenges include a non-supportive business environment and deficiencies in policy frameworks, capacity building, infrastructure development, access to finance, and research and development.

One argument is that African businesses often end up being sold due to the non-supportive environment they operate in. Additionally, Africa lags behind in critical areas such as policy and regulatory frameworks, capacity building, infrastructure development, and access to finance. These shortcomings highlight an urgent need for improvement in order to foster sustainable economic growth in Africa.

However, there is a recognition of the importance of enhancing these areas in Africa’s development. It is argued that urgent attention is required to enhance policy and regulatory frameworks, capacity building, infrastructure development, and access to finance. By addressing these deficiencies, Africa can unlock its potential for decent work and economic growth.

On a positive note, it is suggested that African businesses need to shift their perspective and focus more on future possibilities rather than solely on past and present circumstances. This shift in mindset is believed to be crucial in driving innovation and competitiveness in the digital economy.

In summary, Africa’s limited presence in the global digital value chain is attributed to internal challenges and deficiencies in critical areas such as policy frameworks, capacity building, infrastructure development, and access to finance. However, there is a positive sentiment towards addressing these issues urgently in order to unlock Africa’s potential for economic growth. Additionally, the need for a mindset shift to focus on future possibilities is emphasized as a crucial step in driving innovation and competitiveness in the digital economy.

Jimson Olufuye

Jimson Olufuye, the chair of the Adversary Council of Africa’s ICT Alliance, opened a workshop at the 18th Internet Governance Forum in Kyoto, Japan. The workshop aimed to address the Global Digital Value Chain and discuss Africa’s current status and future plans.

Jimson Olufuye’s opening remarks at the workshop highlighted his support for fulfilling the promise of the digital age for everyone in Africa. This vision is advocated by the Africa ICT Alliance, an organisation that works in collaboration with the African Union, UNECA, and African governments. Their shared objective is to bridge the digital divide and ensure that Africa can harness the full potential of the digital era.

With vast experience in the field, Jimson Olufuye is also a principal consultant at Contemporary Consulting, an IT firm based in Abuja. The firm specialises in data centres, cybersecurity, cloud computing, and online workflow research. This expertise reflects Jimson’s involvement and commitment to addressing key issues in the digital landscape, particularly in Africa.

The workshop, organised by the Africa ICT Alliance, provided a platform to discuss the Global Digital Value Chain. This chain encompasses various elements such as data centres, cybersecurity, cloud computing, and online workflow research. These aspects are crucial for driving innovation, supporting infrastructure development, and ensuring secure and efficient digital solutions.

The discussions held at the workshop aimed to provide insights into Africa’s current status and explore strategies to propel its digital growth. Jimson’s participation and expertise, alongside other stakeholders, contributed to a comprehensive analysis of the challenges, opportunities, and the way forward for Africa in the digital realm.

In conclusion, Jimson Olufuye, as the chair of the Adversary Council of Africa’s ICT Alliance, played a key role in opening a workshop at the 18th Internet Governance Forum. His support for the vision of fulfilling the promise of the digital age for everyone in Africa, as advocated by the Africa ICT Alliance, underpins the discussions held at the workshop. Additionally, his involvement as a principal consultant at Contemporary Consulting showcased his expertise in addressing crucial aspects of the digital landscape. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to assess the Global Digital Value Chain and chart Africa’s path towards a prosperous digital future.

Bernard Ewah

After analysing the given information, several key points emerge:

1. The National Information Technology Agency (NITA) in Nigeria is striving to improve regulations and enhance the quality of device components. This is important in order to enhance customer experience and increase market gains in the country’s tech industry. Nigerian entrepreneurs have faced challenges in the market with device assembly, so these efforts by NITA aim to address these issues and drive growth in the sector.

2. It is essential to understand the structure of the labour market and the potential impact of technology adoption. With a significant proportion of the economy operating in the informal sector, there is a need to comprehend the existing structure and identify where technology can make a difference. This understanding will contribute to the achievement of SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth.

3. The digitisation of traditional services like hair braiding and carpentry can bring about numerous benefits. By creating digital platforms, services that were traditionally limited to local markets can be expanded and made accessible to a wider audience. This not only opens up new market opportunities but also enhances the reach and impact of these services.

4. It is suggested that the focus should be placed on addressing the “low-hanging fruit” in African markets. This refers to goods that are currently unstructured and of low quality but are highly relied upon by the population. By implementing measures to improve the quality of these goods and enhance their structure, African markets can experience significant growth and development.

5. The value of natural resources, such as coal, has drastically changed over the past few decades. However, emerging resources like data are gaining increasing value. This highlights the importance of recognising and adapting to the transition in resource utilisation. Governments should be prepared to embrace new opportunities and adjust their strategies accordingly to maximise the benefits of these changing trends.

6. Governments play a vital role in acknowledging and adapting to the changing resource landscape. As certain resources become less valuable or utilised over time, it is crucial for governments to identify and prioritise emerging resources with rising worth. This supports the achievement of SDGs 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).

7. Finally, the participation and contribution of the Nigerian government in the African Information and Communication Technology Alliance (AFICTA) is crucial. This partnership, in line with SDG 17: Partnership for the Goals, facilitates collaboration among various stakeholders and fosters a conducive environment for technological advancements and growth.

Overall, this analysis highlights the importance of improving regulations, enhancing the quality of device components, understanding the labour market, digitising traditional services, addressing low-hanging fruit, recognising the changing value of natural resources, adapting to resource transitions, and collaborating through platforms like AFICTA in order to achieve sustainable economic growth and development in Nigeria and across Africa.

Chidi Diugwu

The National Communications Commission (NCC) plays a crucial role in uplifting digital literacy in Nigeria by sponsoring the Digital Bridge Institute. This institution is specifically designed to enhance the technological skills and knowledge of Nigerian citizens. It offers various programs and courses aimed at upskilling public servants and other individuals in the field of digital literacy.

The NCC’s sponsorship of the Digital Bridge Institute showcases its commitment to human capacity development. By investing in such initiatives, the NCC acknowledges the importance of equipping individuals with the necessary skills to thrive in the digital age. Through its support, the NCC aims to bridge the digital divide and empower Nigerians to fully participate in the growing digital economy.

The positive sentiment towards the NCC’s efforts in promoting digital literacy is evident in the widespread support it receives. The NCC’s commitment to research and development is evident through the establishment of a dedicated department. This signifies the NCC’s continuous efforts to stay abreast of technological advancements and to provide relevant resources and tools necessary for digital literacy development.

Furthermore, by linking digital literacy efforts to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as Quality Education (SDG 4) and Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (SDG 9), the NCC demonstrates its recognition of the wider socio-economic benefits that come with enhanced digital literacy. By aligning its efforts with these global goals, the NCC reinforces the importance of digital literacy as a key enabler for sustainable development.

In conclusion, the NCC’s sponsorship of the Digital Bridge Institute in Nigeria is a commendable initiative aimed at improving digital literacy. By providing programs and courses to enhance the skills of public servants and other Nigerians in the field, the NCC actively contributes to human capacity development. The positive sentiment and widespread support for the NCC’s efforts reflect the recognition of the importance of digital literacy in shaping a prosperous future for Nigeria.

Mary Uduma

The analysis highlighted several key points discussed by the speakers. Firstly, concerns were raised about the lack of significant participation of African businesses in digital processes, indicating the need for training African youth and business people to increase their engagement in the global digital value chain. This involves equipping them with the necessary skills and knowledge to actively participate in digital activities, which can contribute to the growth of Africa’s digital economy.

Secondly, the analysis recognised the remarkable growth of fintech in Africa, with a focus on the success of M-Pesa in Kenya and the industry’s expansion in Nigeria. M-Pesa, a mobile payments platform, has not only transformed the financial landscape in Kenya but has also been adopted by other countries in the region. The rise of e-commerce platforms like Jumia and Conga in Nigeria further demonstrates the increasing digitalization and consumer adoption of digital platforms across Africa.

Lastly, the analysis underscored the need for stringent measures to protect data and ensure its security, particularly with regards to human rights. Concerns were raised about the storage and safety of collected data in an increasingly digital world. Advocacy for data protection and security measures is crucial to safeguard individuals’ privacy rights and prevent unauthorized access or misuse of personal information.

Overall, the analysis reflects a positive sentiment towards Africa’s potential to enhance its participation in the global digital value chain. It highlights the importance of investing in training and skills development to empower Africa’s youth and business communities. Additionally, it recognizes the significant growth and impact of fintech, exemplified by M-Pesa and e-commerce platforms. Furthermore, it emphasizes the urgency of implementing robust data protection measures in line with human rights considerations. This comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in Africa’s digital era underscores the need for strategic interventions and collaborations to harness the potential of digital technologies for sustainable economic growth and social development in Africa.

Olutoyin Justus Oloniteru

The speakers engage in a discussion regarding Africa’s progress in the digital sphere, emphasising the need for an unbiased self-appraisal. They highlight several factors that have contributed to this progress. One notable development is the Africa ICT Alliance, which has played a crucial role in changing the dynamics of digital progress in Africa. Despite not existing 30 years ago, the alliance now serves as a catalyst for digital innovation and advancement in the continent.

Furthermore, the expansion of companies such as MTN and Eko Network into Nigeria has had a significant impact on the digital landscape of Africa. These expansions have not only brought about economic growth and job opportunities but also enhanced connectivity and access to technology in the region.

The discussion also highlights the importance of crowdfunding and crowdsourcing for technological development in Africa. The promotion of these strategies has allowed individuals and organizations across the continent to raise funds for technological projects, thereby fostering innovation and growth in the digital sector.

However, concerns are raised about the potential detrimental effects of the financial influence of the West and East on Africa’s digital landscape. The argument is made that these external sources of funding often prioritize their own returns on investment over the development of Africa’s digital infrastructure and capabilities. As a counterpoint, it is proposed that Africans can take charge of their own financial destiny through collective crowdfunding efforts. By relying on their own people for funding, Africa can minimize the influence of external interests and ensure that digital progress is aligned with the needs and aspirations of the continent.

Another significant aspect discussed is the importance of developing and utilizing African solutions to address African problems. The speakers highlight the field of hardware manufacturing as one area where African innovation and expertise can be harnessed to create solutions that specifically cater to the continent’s needs. By supporting local initiatives and encouraging entrepreneurship in this sector, not only can Africa address its challenges more effectively, but it can also create job opportunities and foster economic growth.

Overall, the speakers conclude that Africa’s progress in the digital sphere should be objectively examined through an unbiased self-appraisal. While external financial influence can be a potential obstacle, the continent has the potential to overcome this challenge by relying on its own resources and fostering a culture of innovation and self-sufficiency. By embracing crowdfunding, supporting local initiatives, and creating African solutions for African problems, Africa can continue to make significant strides in its digital transformation journey.

Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Caio Machado

In the discussion about the impact of artificial intelligence (AI), several key areas were highlighted. The first area of focus was the importance of data quality, model engineering, and deployment in AI systems. An example provided was the Compas case, where an algorithmic tool used for risk assessment began being used to determine the severity of sentences. This case illustrates the potential consequences of relying on AI systems without ensuring the accuracy and quality of the underlying data and models.

Another concern was how AI tools become the infrastructure for accessing information. It was noted that, similar to how Google search results differ based on the keywords used, it becomes harder to verify and compare information when it is presented as a single, compact answer by a chatbot. This raises questions about the reliability and transparency of the information provided by AI systems.

The lack of accountability in AI systems was identified as a major issue that can contribute to the spread of disinformation or misinformation. Without proper proofreading mechanisms and quality control, distorted perceptions of reality can arise, leading to potential harm. It was argued that there should be a focus on ensuring accountability and fairness at the AI deployment level to mitigate these risks.

Furthermore, the discussion highlighted the need for more inclusive and ethical approaches to handling uncertainty and predictive multiplicity in AI models. It was emphasized that decisions regarding individuals who are uncertain or fall into multiple predictive categories should not be solely made by the developing team. Instead, there should be inclusivity and ethical considerations to protect the rights and well-being of these individuals.

Policy, regulation, and market rules were mentioned as important factors to address in order to limit the circulation of deepfake tools. Evidence was provided for this, citing the common use of deepfake voices to run scams over WhatsApp in Brazil. It was argued that effective policies and regulations need to be implemented to tackle the challenges of deepfake technology.

Promoting digital literacy and increasing traceability were seen as positive steps towards addressing the challenges posed by AI. These measures can enable individuals to better understand and navigate the digital landscape, while also enhancing accountability and transparency.

In conclusion, it was acknowledged that there is no single solution to address the impact of AI. Instead, a series of initiatives and rules should be promoted to ensure the responsible use of AI and mitigate potential harms. By focusing on data quality, accountability, fairness, inclusivity, and ethical considerations, along with effective policies and regulations, society can navigate the challenges and reap the benefits of AI technology.

Audience

Advancements in AI technology have led to the development of systems capable of mimicking human voices and generating messages that are virtually indistinguishable from those produced by actual individuals. While this technological progress opens up new possibilities for communication and interaction, it also raises concerns about the potential misuse of generative AI for impersonation in cybercrime.

The ability to mimic voices and generate realistic messages allows malicious actors to deceive individuals in various ways. For example, they can impersonate someone known to the target, such as a relative or a friend, to request money or engage in other forms of scams. This poses a significant threat, as victims can easily fall for these manipulated and convincing messages, believing them to be genuine.

Given the potential harm and impact of the misuse of generative AI for impersonation in cybercrime, there is a growing consensus on the need for regulation and discussion to address this issue effectively. It is crucial to establish guidelines and frameworks that ensure the responsible use of AI technology and protect individuals from deceptive practices.

By implementing regulations, policymakers can help deter and punish those who misuse generative AI for malicious purposes. This includes imposing legal measures that specifically address the impersonation and fraudulent use of AI-generated messages. Additionally, discussions among experts, policymakers, and industry stakeholders are essential to raise awareness, share knowledge, and explore potential solutions to mitigate the risks associated with the misuse of AI technology.

The concerns surrounding the misuse of generative AI for impersonation in cybercrime align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). These goals emphasize the importance of promoting innovation while ensuring the development of robust institutions that foster peace, justice, and security.

In conclusion, while advancements in AI technology have brought about remarkable capabilities, they have also introduced new challenges regarding the potential misuse of generative AI for impersonation in cybercrime. To address these concerns effectively, regulation and discussion are crucial. By establishing guidelines, imposing legal measures, and fostering open dialogues, we can strive for the responsible use of AI technology and protect individuals from the harmful consequences of impersonation in the digital sphere.

Heloisa Candello

Generative AI and large language models have the potential to significantly enhance conversational systems. These systems possess the capability to handle a wide range of tasks, allowing for parallel communication, fluency, and multi-step reasoning. Moreover, their ability to process vast amounts of data sets them apart. However, it is important to note that there is a potential risk associated with the use of such systems, as they may produce hallucinations and false information due to a lack of control over the model.

In order to ensure that vulnerable communities are not negatively impacted by the application of AI technologies, careful consideration is required. AI systems have the capacity to misalign with human expectations and the expectations of specific communities. Therefore, transparency, understanding, and probe design are crucial for mitigating any harmful effects that may arise. It is essential for AI systems to align with user values, and the models selected should accurately represent the data pertaining to their intended users.

In addition, the design of responsible generative AI systems must adhere to certain principles. This will help to ensure that the models are built in a way that is responsible and ethical. By considering productivity, fast performance, speed, efficiency, and faithfulness in the design of AI systems, their impact on vulnerable communities can be effectively addressed.

Overall, exercising caution when utilizing generative AI and large language models in conversational systems is essential. While these systems have the potential to greatly improve communication, the risks of producing hallucinations and false information must be addressed. Additionally, considering the impact on vulnerable communities and aligning user values with the selected models are key factors in responsible AI design. By following these principles, the potential benefits of these technologies can be harnessed while minimizing any potential harm.

Diogo Cortiz

The discussion explores multiple aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on society, education, ethics, regulation, and crime. One significant AI tool mentioned is JGPT, which rapidly gained popularity and attracted hundreds of millions of users within weeks of its launch last year. This indicates the increasing penetration of generative AI in society.

The potential of AI is seen as limitless and exciting by students and learners. Once users realized the possibilities of AI, they started using it for various activities. The versatility of AI allows it to be combined with other forms of AI, enhancing its potential further.

However, there are conflicting views on AI. Some individuals perceive AI as harmful and advocate for its avoidance, while others express enthusiasm and desire to witness further advancements in AI technology.

The ethical and regulatory discussions surrounding AI have emerged relatively recently, with a focus on addressing the evolving challenges and implications. The ethical aspects of AI usage and the establishment of a regulatory framework have gained attention within the past five years.

In the academic field, AI has brought about drastic changes. Many individuals are utilizing AI, potentially even for cheating or presenting work not developed by students themselves. This development has led to teachers and students organizing webinars and seminars to share their knowledge and experiences with AI.

The prohibition of AI tools is not considered a solution by the speakers. Instead, they advocate for adapting to new skills and tools that AI brings. They draw parallels with the emergence of pocket calculators, which necessitated adapting and evolving curricula to incorporate these tools. As AI tools reduce time and effort on various tasks, students need to acquire new skills pertinent for the future.

It is emphasized that regulation alone cannot resolve all AI-related issues. AI, particularly generative AI, can be employed for harmful purposes like mimicking voices, and existing laws may not be equipped to address these new possibilities. Hence, a comprehensive approach encompassing both regulation and adaptation to the new reality of generative AI is imperative.

In conclusion, the discussion highlights the increasing impact of AI on society, education, ethics, regulation, and crime. The rapid penetration of generative AI, like the JGPT tool, signifies the growing influence of AI in society. While AI holds unlimited potential and excites students and learners, there are conflicting views on its impact, with concerns about its harmful effects. The ethical and regulatory discussions around AI are relatively recent. The academic field is experiencing significant changes due to the adoption of AI, necessitating the acquisition of new skills by students. Prohibiting AI tools is not the solution; instead, adapting to the new skills and tools that AI offers is necessary. Regulation alone is insufficient to address AI-related challenges, as AI can be misused for harmful purposes. Overall, a well-rounded approach encompassing both regulation and adaptation is needed to navigate the complex landscape of AI.

Reinaldo Ferraz

The network session on generative AI commenced with a diverse panel of speakers who shared their insights. Eloisa Candelo from IBM Research and Caio Machado from Instituto Vero and Oxford University participated remotely, while Roberto Zambrana and Mateus Petroni were physically present. Each speaker brought a unique perspective to the discussion, addressing various aspects of generative AI.

The session began with Eloisa Candelo expressing her appreciation for being a part of the esteemed panel. She highlighted the significance of generative AI for the wider community and shared her thoughts on its potential impact. Despite some initial technical issues with the microphone, Eloisa’s remarks eventually became audible to the audience.

Following Eloisa’s presentation, Roberto Zambrana offered his industry-oriented views on generative AI. He emphasized the practical applications and benefits, shedding light on the potential for innovation and growth. Roberto’s insights provided valuable perspectives from an industry standpoint.

Next, Caio Machado provided a different viewpoint, representing civil society and academia. Caio discussed the societal implications of generative AI and considered its impact on various sectors. His presentation drew attention to ethical concerns and raised questions about the involvement of civil society in the development and deployment of AI technologies.

Mateus Petroni then shared his insights, further enriching the discussion. Mateus contributed his thoughts and experiences related to generative AI, offering a well-rounded understanding of the subject.

By incorporating inputs from diverse stakeholders, the session presented a comprehensive view of generative AI. The speakers represented various sectors, including industry, academia, and civil society. This multidimensional approach added depth to the discussions and brought forth different perspectives on the topic.

Following the initial presentations, the audience had the opportunity to ask questions, albeit briefly due to time constraints. Only one question could be addressed, but this interactive engagement facilitated a deeper understanding of the topic among the participants.

In summary, the session on generative AI successfully united speakers from different backgrounds to explore the subject from multiple angles. Their valuable insights stimulated critical thinking and provided knowledge about the potential implications and future directions of generative AI. The session concluded with gratitude expressed towards the speakers and the audience for their participation and engagement.

Matheus Petroni

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to revolutionise the field of usability and enhance user engagement. One prime example of this is Meta’s recent introduction of 28 AI personas modelled after public figures. These AI personas provide users with valuable advice and support, addressing usability challenges and improving user engagement. This development is a positive step forward, demonstrating how AI can bridge the gap between technology and user experience.

However, there are potential negative implications associated with AI chatbots. Users may inadvertently develop strong emotional relationships with these AI entities, which could be problematic if the chatbots fail to meet their needs or if users become overly dependent on them. It is crucial to carefully monitor and manage the emotional attachment users develop with AI chatbots to ensure their well-being and prevent harm.

In addition to the impact on user engagement and emotional attachment, the increase in AI-generated digital content poses its own challenges. With AI capable of creating vast amounts of digital content, it becomes imperative to have tools in place to discern the origin and nature of this content. The issue of disinformation becomes more prevalent as AI algorithms generate content that may be misleading or harmful. Therefore, improvements in forensic technologies are necessary to detect and label AI-generated content, particularly deepfake videos with harmful or untruthful narratives.

To address the challenges posed by AI-generated content, promoting a culture of robust fact-checking and content differentiation is vital. Presenting essential information alongside user interfaces can facilitate this process. By providing users with transparent and reliable information, they can make informed decisions about the content they consume. This approach aligns with the sustainable development goals of peace, justice, and strong institutions.

In conclusion, while AI advancements hold enormous potential for enhancing usability and user engagement, there are also potential risks and challenges associated with emotional attachment and AI-generated content. Carefully managing the development and deployment of AI technologies is essential to harness their benefits while mitigating potential drawbacks. By promoting transparent and informative user interfaces, investing in forensic technologies, and fostering a robust fact-checking culture, we can unlock the full potential of AI while safeguarding against potential negative consequences.

Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Audience

During a recent discussion, the importance of youth engagement in governance and politics was emphasised. Participants highlighted the need for young people to be aware of and involved in governance, as political decisions can have a significant impact on their lives. The argument put forward was that young people should strive for a better understanding of governance and actively advocate for more meaningful engagement in decision-making processes.

Another key point of discussion was the role of consistency and resilience in gaining influence and becoming opinion leaders. An example was shared about a CEO who started a company at a young age and, after 20 years of consistent hard work, became an influential leader in the industry. This highlighted the importance of persistence and unwavering dedication in achieving influence and becoming a respected voice in one’s field.

In terms of overcoming challenges and gaining acceptance, participants stressed the significance of collective dialogue and collaboration. It was emphasised that by engaging in conversation, working together, and accepting challenges, individuals and communities can effectively tackle obstacles and foster acceptance. This highlights the need for open and inclusive discussions where all voices are heard and valued.

The discussion also drew attention to the current trend of youth inclusion and the need to capitalise on this momentum through various initiatives. It was noted that there are already numerous programs and speaking engagement opportunities available that aim to involve and empower young people. It was suggested that further efforts should be made to maintain this momentum and create additional initiatives to sustain youth engagement and ensure their voices continue to be heard.

In summary, the discussion emphasised the importance of youth engagement in governance and politics, with a specific focus on understanding governance, advocating for meaningful involvement, maintaining consistency and resilience to gain influence, engaging in collective dialogue and collaboration, and leveraging the current trend of youth inclusion. These insights highlight the significance of empowering young people and recognising their role in shaping the future.

Yukako Ban

The analysis covers several topics related to the metaverse and its future implications. It begins by highlighting one of the main policy gaps for the metaverse: the lack of clear definitions and regulations. The metaverse is often described as the future of the internet, a network of virtual worlds blending the digital and physical realms. However, due to the absence of clear definitions and regulations, there is uncertainty about how it should be governed.

Moving on, the analysis discusses the potential benefits and risks associated with the metaverse. By 2026, a significant proportion of the population is expected to be engaged in the metaverse. To prevent issues such as hate speech, misinformation, and anonymity, better management and regulation are necessary. On the positive side, the metaverse has the potential for application in education and fostering intercultural dialogue. It can revolutionise the way we learn and interact globally, reducing the need for physical travel and potentially lowering CO2 emissions.

The analysis also emphasises the importance of considering Northeast Asia’s geopolitical tensions in relation to the metaverse. The unregulated metaverse could exacerbate existing conflicts and geopolitical tensions in the region. Given the region’s geopolitical importance and the anonymity between nations, specific consideration must be given to Northeast Asia when shaping metaverse policies.

Regarding education, the analysis suggests that there is a need to explore the metaverse’s educational utility, as it remains largely unexplored. Currently, there is a lack of developed educational content, highlighting the importance of further research and investment in this area.

In terms of age diversity, the analysis highlights the different perspectives that the younger generation, known as digital natives, have on digital technology’s involvement in reality. Their viewpoints should be taken into account in policymaking processes. Similarly, the perspective of age diversity, especially in regard to internet governance, is lacking. Both the voices of the youth and the older generation should be considered to ensure a comprehensive approach.

Notably, the analysis touches on the demographic changes happening worldwide, with many countries leaning towards ageing societies. As a result, youth voices tend to be undermined. It argues that youth should have more access to decision-making tables and be part of larger discussions, breaking away from age-based segregation.

The analysis also highlights the significance of cross-border cooperation in the Northeast Asia region. Countries like China, Japan, and Korea already have extensive economic cooperation. In today’s globalised world, no single country can manufacture a product independently. Academic programs promoting cooperation also exist among these nations.

Furthermore, the analysis emphasizes the role of technology, education, and capacity building in initiating cooperation. By focusing on these topics, peacebuilders can avoid political issues and foster citizen-level awareness and collaboration.

Cultural diversity and localization are also deemed crucial on a systemic level and in internet governance. While different cultures and values bring about diversity, fragmentation and division can arise. However, technology can help bridge language barriers and differences, promoting cooperation.

In conclusion, the analysis underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding and collaboration to navigate the challenges and opportunities associated with the metaverse and related issues. Clear definitions and regulations should be established. Age diversity should be considered in decision-making, and youth voices must be heard and included. Cross-border cooperation and dialogue among different generations are paramount. Additionally, technology, education, capacity building, and cultural diversity play significant roles in promoting collaboration. By addressing these aspects, we can work towards harnessing the full potential of the metaverse and achieving a more inclusive and sustainable future.

Linda Hjelle

In the meeting, Linda Hjelle, an Associate Political Affairs Officer at the UN Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, was introduced. Linda provided insights into her involvement in various roles. Firstly, she mentioned being the program manager for a project related to UN projects and aligned with SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions. This demonstrates her dedication to promoting global peace and strengthening institutions for achieving justice.

Additionally, Linda stated that she is moderating the online discussions during the meeting. As an online moderator, she addresses questions from the online audience, ensuring informative and interactive discussions. This highlights her active involvement in engaging with a wider community.

Linda’s introduction as an Associate Political Affairs Officer at the UN Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs establishes her expertise in political affairs. Her role reflects her significant influence in shaping policies and strategies for peace and stability.

Overall, Linda’s active participation as a program manager, online moderator, and Associate Political Affairs Officer demonstrates her commitment to advancing UN initiatives. She works towards promoting peace, justice, and strong institutions while engaging with various stakeholders in meaningful discussions.

Ijun Kim

The “Futuring Peace in Northeast Asia” programme, organized and led by the United Nations Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, aims to promote peace and stability in Northeast Asia. The programme is in line with the Youth Peace and Security Agenda and seeks to engage young people in discussing and shaping the future of the region.

The programme brought together young people from China, Japan, Mongolia, and the Republic of Korea to collectively discuss the future of Northeast Asia. This inclusive approach allowed for diverse perspectives to be shared and considered. The discussions were facilitated by UNESCO, which provided capacity building through a session known as the Futures Literacy Lab. This lab helped participants develop the skills to explore potential future scenarios and examine their implications.

One of the key proponents of foresight in the programme is Ijun Kim, who believes that foresight is a structured and systematic way of using ideas about the future to anticipate and better prepare for change. Kim emphasises the importance of wide participatory foresight tools, which engage a diverse group of people in discussions. The goal is to make the discussions interactive and to surface trends or signals that may not be immediately apparent.

As part of the programme, Kim proposed various policy avenues for realising the vision of a peaceful Northeast Asia. These include regional cooperation for education, focusing on cultural exchange to foster understanding and collaboration. Additionally, the establishment of a Northeast Asian Youth Parliament for climate change aims to involve young people in addressing environmental challenges. Furthermore, the promotion of digital literacy programmes through cross-sectoral partnerships is seen as essential for enabling young people to navigate the digital landscape effectively. The programme also emphasised the importance of consensus-based regulation and policy presentation.

The role of young people in governance and policy-making was also highlighted. It is crucial for young people to understand how governmental decisions can impact their daily lives. They are encouraged to advocate for more meaningful engagement and push for their voices to be heard in decision-making processes. Creating an intergenerational cooperation environment was identified as essential for fostering understanding and collaboration between different age groups.

The Internet Governance Forum was recognised for its contribution to shaping governance and peace-building. The involvement of young people in such forums was highly valued, and there was gratitude expressed for their active participation and contributions. Moreover, the integration of digital literacy and the concept of the metaverse into existing initiatives was supported, as it would facilitate the implementation of these initiatives and promote innovation and development.

In conclusion, the “Futuring Peace in Northeast Asia” programme, organized by the UN Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, seeks to involve young people in shaping the future of the region. The programme emphasised the importance of foresight, inclusivity, and meaningful engagement in discussions and policy development. With the participation of young people, the programme aims to foster a peaceful and prosperous Northeast Asia.

Oyundalai Odkhuu

Upon analysing the provided information, several key points emerge regarding the development and governance of the metaverse in Northeast Asia. The main arguments put forward are as follows:

1. Developing Northeast Asian metaverse platforms: The analysis recognises the importance of Northeast Asian countries leveraging their world-class technological capacities to develop their own metaverse platforms. This is seen as a preventive measure against potential monopolies by Western countries. By creating their own metaverse platforms, Northeast Asian countries can maintain control over the digital space and ensure equitable access for their citizens.

2. Promoting the development of inclusive algorithms: The analysis emphasises the need for open and inclusive algorithms in the metaverse. It suggests that countries should collectively develop algorithms that facilitate cross-language information sharing, ensuring that diverse voices and perspectives are represented. The argument is rooted in SDG 10, which focuses on reducing inequalities.

3. Fostering regional collaboration and stakeholder dialogues: The analysis emphasises the importance of engaging a wide range of stakeholders in the development and governance of the metaverse. This includes marginalised communities, youth, individuals from different social classes, genders, sexualities, and disabilities. By fostering collaboration and dialogue, Northeast Asian countries can ensure that the metaverse reflects the needs and aspirations of all its users.

4. Discussing the regulation of the metaverse: The analysis highlights the absence of a single player in metaverse regulation. It suggests that a regional initiative, similar to the Internet Governance Forum, should be established to address this gap. By engaging in discussions around regulation, Northeast Asian countries can shape the metaverse’s governance framework and ensure that it aligns with SDG 16, promoting peace, justice, and strong institutions.

5. Engaging youth and promoting global connectivity: The analysis underlines the significance of youth engagement in internet governance. With 71% of the world’s youth using the internet, their involvement is crucial for shaping the metaverse’s future. In addition, the argument advocates for the internet as a tool that transcends borders, connecting people, businesses, and governments on a global scale.

6. Ensuring privacy in the internet: Privacy is identified as a key concern in internet governance. Decisions related to internet governance have far-reaching effects on various aspects of people’s lives. Therefore, it is crucial to establish mechanisms that safeguard individuals’ privacy rights in the metaverse.

7. Capacity building and skill enhancement: The analysis stresses the need for capacity building and skill enhancement in the metaverse. This involves promoting cultural awareness and sensitivity training for developers and users of the metaverse, as well as bridging skill gaps to facilitate effective cross-border cooperation.

8. Investment in the education sector: Considering the metaverse as a new sector, the analysis argues for investment in the education sector to enhance digital literacy and responsible usage. This investment aims to equip individuals with knowledge about the metaverse and its potential risks and benefits, targeting both the young and old.

9. Mechanisms for conflict resolution: The analysis puts forth the need for mechanisms to resolve conflicts during cross-border metaverse activities. It suggests adopting arbitration and mediation processes to address disputes that may arise in this context.

10. Establishing industry standards and a regulatory framework: The analysis contends that industry standards addressing privacy, data security, content moderation, and digital property rights are pivotal in the metaverse. It argues for the creation of a code of conduct or regulatory framework to ensure responsible and ethical practices within the metaverse, in line with SDG 16.

In summary, the analysis advocates for the development of Northeast Asian metaverse platforms, inclusive algorithms, collaboration and stakeholder dialogues, regulation discussions, youth engagement, privacy protection, capacity building, investment in education, conflict resolution mechanisms, and the establishment of industry standards. Northeast Asian countries are encouraged to seize the opportunity to shape the metaverse, ensuring equitable access, responsible usage, and meaningful participation for all.

Manjiang He

The analysis provides a comprehensive examination of various topics, including digital platforms, youth engagement, international cooperation, and the significance of respecting the local context. It begins by discussing the influence of digital platforms on daily life, noting their ability to enhance communication and cultural exchange. However, the analysis also acknowledges the negative aspects of digital platforms, such as the prevalence of hate speech, prejudice, and discrimination.

A key argument put forth is the importance of digital literacy in understanding and navigating the influence of digital platforms on daily life. It highlights the need for individuals to be equipped with the necessary skills to effectively engage with digital platforms and address the negative aspects associated with them. The analysis further emphasizes that social platforms often serve as breeding grounds for hate speech, prejudice, and discrimination. It also highlights the challenge faced by social platforms in swiftly responding to these issues due to technological limitations and differing priorities.

Moreover, the analysis explores the role of young people in internet governance and conflict resolution, pointing out their innovative approaches and willingness to explore different solutions. It emphasizes the importance of including young people’s perspectives in decision-making processes, highlighting that they are often seen as naive but possess fresh insights and ideas.

However, the analysis also identifies limited efforts to engage youth in decision-making processes in the Northeast Asia region. It highlights active youth engagement initiatives in other parts of the world, such as Africa and Bangladesh, and suggests that Northeast Asia is lagging behind in this regard.

Another argument put forth is the exclusion of young people in policymaking and decision-making processes. The analysis provides no supporting facts, but it asserts that young people are often left out of important discussions and their voices are not adequately heard. It argues that mechanisms should be established to channel young people’s voices into both the government and private sectors.

The analysis then delves into the challenges of international cooperation, particularly in regions with differing stages of development – economic, social, and cultural. It asserts that these differences pose obstacles to achieving effective collaboration.

Respecting the local context is also highlighted as a crucial factor in creating a more inclusive and open online digital space. The analysis suggests that societies have their own uniqueness, and integrating the local context into digital literacy programmes or the metaverse can yield beneficial outcomes.

Additionally, the analysis touches upon cross-border cooperation, skill gaps, and funding limitations in the implementation of digital literacy initiatives. It mentions that cross-border cooperation is already happening in certain regions like Mongolia, but no supporting facts are provided.

Ultimately, the analysis underscores the importance of stakeholder engagement in the decision-making process and advocates for the integration of digital literacy and metaverse elements into existing initiatives. It acknowledges the challenges posed by funding and sustainability concerns but suggests that these limitations can be addressed by reaching out to stakeholders and incorporating their recommendations into existing initiatives.

In conclusion, this in-depth analysis offers valuable insights into various topics related to digital platforms, youth engagement, international cooperation, and the significance of the local context. It underscores the need for digital literacy, young people’s perspectives in decision-making, and meaningful stakeholder engagement. It brings attention to the challenges faced in international cooperation and stresses the importance of respecting the local context for creating more inclusive digital spaces.

Jerry Li

The analysis emphasizes the importance of digital literacy and understanding modern technologies. It highlights that while digital literacy programs already exist, there is still a significant knowledge gap between these programs and those offered in schools. To address this gap, in-school and out-of-school digital literacy programs are seen as essential. In-school programs would cover the basics of accessing technologies, effective online engagement, and education on important concepts. Out-of-school programs would be offered in community centres, libraries, and public spaces to include a wider range of demographics. These programs would play a crucial role in ensuring that individuals have the necessary skills to navigate the digital world.

The analysis also underscores the need for a proactive and inclusive approach to digital space governance. It argues for an approach that goes beyond a reactionary stance and involves more voices in shaping policies related to safe digital spaces online. By including a diverse range of perspectives, digital space governance can be more effective in addressing emerging issues such as disinformation, misinformation, and the metaverse.

Furthermore, the analysis highlights the importance of youth involvement in internet governance. It asserts that the younger generation, being the inheritors of the problems and subjects for decisions made on their behalf, should have a voice in shaping internet governance policies. This inclusion of youth perspectives is seen as vital to ensuring inclusivity in the digital space.

The analysis also touches upon the topic of global governance of the internet. It suggests that while there was a consensus on global governance regarding certain aspects of the internet’s structure in its early stages, the content should be left to national policies sensitive to cultural differences. This approach recognises the importance of balancing global coordination with the need for cultural and national autonomy in shaping internet content.

The need for improved collaboration between public and private sectors in digital literacy programs is another key point highlighted in the analysis. It showcases examples of successful collaborations, such as the digital literacy program introduced by META in Hong Kong and the Women’s Foundation’s encouragement of women in Hong Kong to be part of STEM fields. These collaborations demonstrate the potential benefits of joining forces to enhance digital education and literacy efforts.

Additionally, cross-border regional collaboration and the inclusion of experts in policy development are advocated. Collaboration with existing cross-border regional collaboration groups, particularly in the education space, and research consortia is seen as a strategic way to leverage resources and expertise. This collaboration can help make policy proposals more informed and inclusive by sourcing a variety of voices and perspectives.

In conclusion, the analysis underscores the need for digital literacy programs, a proactive approach to digital space governance, youth involvement in internet governance, and improved collaboration among stakeholders. By addressing these aspects, it is believed that individuals will be better equipped to navigate the digital world, policies will be more inclusive and effective, and the potential of the internet as a tool for positive change can be maximised.

Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Allan Cabanlong

The Global Conference on Cyber Capacity Building (GC3B) brought together experts and decision-makers from all over the world to discuss the importance of addressing digital risks and strengthening cyber resilience. The conference highlighted the fact that the digital world has a profound impact on every aspect of our lives but also presents numerous risks that need to be addressed.

One of the main arguments put forward at the conference was the necessity for individuals and nations to be aware of these digital risks. It emphasized that simply being aware of these risks and their potential impact is not enough. Resources, knowledge, and skills are required to effectively mitigate them. The speakers stressed the need for investment in the digital future and the importance of every country having the resources and expertise necessary to navigate the challenges posed by the digital transformation.

The conference also emphasized the need for global collaboration in cybersecurity. It recognized that no single nation can tackle these challenges alone and that nations need to work together and support each other to keep up with the rapid pace of the digital transformation. Collaboration was seen as crucial not only for addressing current challenges but also for staying ahead of emerging threats and technologies.

The aim of GC3B was to support and strengthen global cyber resilience. The conference brought together high-level government leaders, practitioners, experts on cybersecurity, and representatives from the development community. Through interactive discussions and knowledge sharing, the conference aimed to develop a global framework for concrete actions that support countries in enhancing their cyber resilience.

Cyber capacity building was highlighted as a key enabler for sustainable development. It emphasized that all nations need to prioritize building their capacity to effectively respond to cyber threats. Building robust cyber capabilities is seen as essential not only for protecting critical infrastructure and national security but also for promoting economic growth and social development.

The conference had a positive impact on inspiring other regions and strengthening global cybersecurity cooperation. The insights, ideas, and best practices shared at GC3B were seen as invaluable in inspiring other regions to take similar actions and fostering a renewed commitment to global cybersecurity cooperation.

In conclusion, the Global Conference on Cyber Capacity Building stressed the importance of being aware of digital risks and having the necessary resources, knowledge, and skills to mitigate them. The need for global collaboration and support in cybersecurity was emphasized, aiming to keep up with the digital transformation. The conference aimed to support and strengthen global cyber resilience and highlight the key role of cyber capacity building in enabling sustainable development. The GC3B conference inspired other regions and left a lasting impact on global cybersecurity cooperation.

Audience

The audience member raised several questions during the event. Firstly, they were curious about the reasons for choosing Ghana as the location for the event and asked about the availability of virtual involvement. The organizers did not provide a direct response to this, but it can be inferred that Ghana may have been chosen for its potential to host successful and impactful events.

The audience member also inquired about the organizers’ plans for the year after the event and their goals within the next three years. No specific plans or goals were mentioned, which implies that the organizers may not have disclosed this information. However, it is important to have long-term plans and goals to ensure the sustainability and continuity of initiatives like the Accra call.

Speaking of the Accra call, it was stated that achieving its objectives, as outlined in the Accra call document, will take a considerable amount of time. This indicates that the goals and aspirations laid out in the Accra call cannot be accomplished within a short period, such as six months or two years. It is crucial to understand that long-term commitment and efforts are required to bring about significant changes and advancements.

The concept of effective capacity building was also highlighted during the event. The audience member pointed out the importance of tailoring capacity building efforts to the specific needs and demands of the recipient country. It was emphasized that capacity building should be demand-driven, ensuring that the recipient country can absorb and sustain the knowledge, resources, and skills provided.

Furthermore, legislators were recognized as playing a vital role in sustainable cyber capacity building. It was stated that involving the legislators and helping them understand the value and importance of sustainable cyber capacity building is crucial for securing adequate budgetary resources. This acknowledgment highlights the need for collaboration and communication between policymakers and industry experts to ensure the allocation of necessary resources for successful capacity building programmes.

During the event, the issue of donor coordination was addressed. It was emphasized that de-conflicting between donor countries is essential to avoid duplication of work and optimize resource allocation. The Sybil Portal was mentioned as an existing tool that can be utilized to prevent overlap and promote effective coordination among donors.

In the context of cybersecurity, collaboration and coordination were emphasized as key factors for success. It was noted that going solo in cybersecurity initiatives is not effective; instead, collaboration and cooperative efforts are necessary. This is particularly relevant in the Pacific region, where countries are at different stages of cybersecurity development. The audience member highlighted the importance of ensuring that no country is left behind and called for coordinated efforts to address cybersecurity challenges collectively.

In conclusion, the audience member raised various insightful questions and concerns during the event. They inquired about the choice of Ghana as the event location, the availability of virtual involvement, plans for the future, and the goals of the Accra call. The concept of effective capacity building, the role of legislators in sustainable cyber capacity building, and the need for donor coordination were also discussed. Collaboration and coordination in cybersecurity efforts were emphasized, especially in the diverse Pacific region. Overall, the event provided valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities in event organization, capacity building, and cybersecurity.

Liesyl Franz

The involvement of the United States government in international cyberspace security and capacity building is vital for the development of knowledge, skills, and infrastructure in other countries. Over time, the US has increased its funding and activity in this area, moving from just one person to providing significant support to initiatives such as the Global Forum on Cyber Expertise (GFCE) and the Global Conference on Cyber Space (GC3B) which aim to improve coordination and dialogue on cyber capacity building.

Recognizing the interconnected nature of cyberspace security and digital development, efforts are being made to address both areas together. Bridges are being built to bridge the gap between these two domains, ensuring progress in connectivity without compromising security. The goal is to digitize societies while also making them resilient to cyber threats.

The United States is a strong advocate for multi-stakeholder community discussions, which include donor countries, recipients, implementers, the private sector, and academia. Initiatives like the GFCE and GC3B facilitate engagement and effective cyber capacity building. The US actively participates in these conferences through a high-level interagency delegation.

Efficient capacity building depends on tailoring the approach to the specific needs of each country and ensuring its absorbability. Sustainability is another crucial aspect of capacity building, requiring long-term viability and continuous support.

Additionally, capacity building efforts should address immediate responses to crises. The United States highlights the importance of addressing urgent needs in countries facing crises like Ukraine, Albania, and Costa Rica. This demonstrates the necessity for capacity building to be adaptable and responsive.

Financial resources are vital for providing assistance in capacity building and other areas. Adequate funding is necessary to implement programs and initiatives effectively.

Emphasizing the benefits of cybersecurity efforts can encourage investment and political support. By highlighting the positive outcomes and advantages of cybersecurity measures, it becomes more likely that resources will be allocated to support and advance these efforts.

In terms of training, it is recommended to provide in-country, on-site training for better integration of cybersecurity measures. This tailored approach directly addresses the specific needs and challenges of each country. Continuous learning is also seen as beneficial in the field of cybersecurity, allowing individuals to stay updated and take advantage of professional development opportunities even if they are unable to travel for training.

In conclusion, the United States plays a pivotal role in international cyberspace security and capacity building. Their involvement includes financial support, hosting conferences, and promoting multi-stakeholder engagement. The interconnectedness of cyberspace security and digital development is recognized, and efforts are being made to address these areas together. Capacity building should be tailored to the specific needs of each country and focus on sustainability. Immediate responses to crises are essential, and adequate financial resources are necessary for providing assistance. Emphasizing the benefits of cybersecurity efforts can drive investment and political support. In-country, on-site training and continuous learning are recommended for better integration and professional development in cybersecurity.

Keywords: United States government, international cyberspace security, capacity building, funding, Global Forum on Cyber Expertise (GFCE), Global Conference on Cyber Space (GC3B), cyberspace security, digital development, multi-stakeholder community discussions, sustainability, immediate responses, financial resources, cybersecurity efforts, in-country training, on-site training, continuous learning.

Christopher Painter

The Global Forum on Cyber Expertise (GFC) is an organisation devoted to promoting cyber resilience and capacity building in line with sustainable development goals. An important initiative of the GFC is the ACRA Call to Action, which seeks to enhance cyber resilience in development and foster sustainable capacity building. This call to action is aimed at countries, regions, the private sector, and the technical community, with a focus on promoting cyber resilience, advancing effective cyber capacity building, strengthening partnerships, and enhancing resources.

Christopher Painter, a strong advocate for cyber capacity building, emphasises the significance of aligning with development goals. He believes that consultation and community input are crucial for the success of the ACRA Call. To ensure community engagement, a mature draft of the ACRA Call will be circulated for public comment by the end of October. The GFC also plans to engage the community through public consultations at various events, such as the Paris Peace Forum, Singapore Cyber Week, and the IGF session. Their objective is to address major concerns and incorporate new ideas and input into the ACRA Call.

Due to COVID restrictions, the GFC had to change the location of their first conference, originally planned to be held at the World Bank in Washington. Instead, they see an opportunity to hold the conference in Ghana, a country with unique needs in the field of cyber resilience. The government of Ghana is supportive of hosting the conference. Efforts are being made to facilitate virtual participation for those who are unable to attend in person, ensuring robust virtual connectivity.

The GFC places emphasis on involving the global south and securing legislative and leadership buy-in for sustainable cyber capacity building. They highlight the need to integrate cyber resilience into national plans and view it as an integral part of broader development strategies. They also stress the importance of respecting human rights and the rule of law in any declaration pertaining to cyber resilience and capacity building.

In terms of governance, the GFC aims to integrate improved governance practices into their work. They advocate for building partnerships, local leadership, and coordination among developing countries. By fostering the leadership of developing countries in coordinating cyber capacity building efforts, the GFC seeks to create stronger partnerships and enhance long-term sustainability.

Additionally, the GFC underscores the importance of information sharing and coordinated efforts among donor countries to avoid duplication of work. Regular meetings are held for donor countries to collaborate and exchange information. They also advocate for strengthening existing organisational structures rather than creating new ones, ensuring greater sustainability and efficiency.

Financial resources play a critical role in cyber resilience activities, and the GFC calls for maximising existing financial streams, including international development financing, domestic resource mobilisation, and private sector involvement. Drawing from the development community, they propose utilising models to measure sustainability and incorporating cyber resilience into integrated national financing frameworks.

To ensure professional development and capacity building, the GFC aims to professionalise the cyber capacity building community and promote human rights-based and gender-sensitive approaches. They also underscore the need for project prioritisation and the creation of measurement tools to assess the results and impact of projects.

In conclusion, the GFC is passionately committed to promoting cyber resilience and capacity building aligned with sustainable development goals. Through initiatives such as the ACRA Call to Action, partnerships with developing countries, and efforts to maximise financial resources, they strive to create a more secure and resilient cyber landscape. Their focus on consultation, community input, and collaboration reflects their commitment to inclusive and sustainable cyber capacity building efforts.

Tereza Horejsova

During the analysis, several important points were highlighted by the speakers. One of these points focused on the International Governance Forum (IGF) being described as a hybrid event. This means that the IGF combines both in-person and virtual elements, allowing for greater participation and connection from around the world. The IGF is seen as a significant platform for global networking and exchange of ideas.

Another key topic discussed was the Global Future Council (GFC) organising a major conference in Ghana, with a strong emphasis on partnerships for the goals. The conference aims to bring together various stakeholders to collaborate and work towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The GFC’s commitment to partnerships highlights the importance of collective efforts in addressing global challenges.

The analysis also focused on the ACRA call, which sets guidelines for efficient global action on cyber capacity building. This highlights the need for effective coordination and collaboration in addressing cybersecurity challenges worldwide. The call serves as a roadmap for enhancing cyber capacity and ensuring the global community is better equipped to mitigate digital risks and threats.

The digital world was discussed extensively, with a recognition of its vital role in essential areas such as food, water, and healthcare. The digital world enables connections and facilitates communication, leading to improved access to resources and services in these critical sectors. However, it was also acknowledged that digital risks are associated with the digital world. This emphasises the need for strong cybersecurity measures and proactive efforts to address potential threats.

Efficient resource use and better coordination were identified as crucial factors for enhanced global support. The analysis highlighted the importance of using limited resources effectively and establishing better collaboration among countries. This includes linking different communities in cyberspace and improving coordination to ensure optimum efficiency in resource utilisation.

The Sybil portal was discussed as a valuable resource for mapping various cyber capacity building projects. This portal allows for easy access to information on projects already implemented or currently ongoing and enables filtering based on specific regions or countries. The portal serves as a tool for tracking and analysing global efforts in cyber capacity building.

Furthermore, the analysis highlighted the necessity of building on previous projects to plan new activities effectively. This approach avoids duplicating efforts and optimally utilises limited resources. By learning from past experiences, countries can enhance their planning and implementation strategies, leading to more impactful outcomes.

Another noteworthy observation was the importance of collaboration among countries. By working together and sharing their expertise, countries can achieve more efficient use of resources and tackle challenges collectively. The analysis emphasised the significance of partnerships and collective action to promote sustainable development and address global issues.

In conclusion, the analysis provided valuable insights into key topics such as hybrid events like the IGF, major conferences organised by the GFC, the ACRA call for efficient global cybersecurity action, the role of the digital world in essential areas, the need for efficient resource use and better coordination, and the significance of the Sybil portal and collaboration among countries in cyber capacity building. These insights highlight the interconnectedness of global efforts and the importance of cooperation in addressing complex challenges in the digital age.

Pua Hunter

Significant progress is being made in the cyber ecosystem and cyber capacity building space in the Pacific region. Initiatives such as the Pacific Cybersecurity Operational Network (PECSON), Pacific Islands Law Officers Network (PILON), Cyber Safety Pacifica, E-Safety Commissioner, and Oceania Cybersecurity Center (OCSC) are actively contributing to the development of the cyber ecosystem. They are strengthening the region’s infrastructure, legal frameworks, policies, and capabilities to handle advancements in cyberspace effectively.

The Global Forum for Cyber Expertise has recently launched its Pacific Hub, aiming to enhance cooperation and knowledge sharing on cybersecurity matters in the region. Collaboration, engagement, and coordination among stakeholders need improvement to maximize the benefits of these initiatives. Embedding these aspects in the cyber capacity building approach will enhance the region’s overall cybersecurity preparedness and resilience.

Cybersecurity is a crucial aspect of digital engagement that cuts across all sectors and impacts various cyber-related activities. Pacific leaders have recognized its importance and emphasized its individual and collective responsibility. The Oceania Cybersecurity Centre has highlighted cybersecurity in its review for several Pacific region countries, including the Cook Islands.

In terms of donor assistance, sustainability becomes a challenge when donors leave without ensuring adequate resources. Planning and resource allocation are vital to ensure the longevity and effectiveness of projects.

Regarding training and capacity building, the concept of in-country training has been proposed to enhance knowledge transfer. Bringing trainers to countries to train a larger number of individuals can improve expertise implementation and dissemination.

In conclusion, the Pacific region is progressing significantly in the cyber ecosystem and cyber capacity building. Various organizations, networks, and conferences have contributed to these developments. Enhancing collaboration, prioritizing sustainability in donor assistance, and emphasizing in-country training will strengthen the region’s cybersecurity capabilities and readiness to address evolving threats.

Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Morshed Mannan

The discussion surrounding regulations for Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) encompasses various aspects. Incorporation fees, perceived as a form of taxation, pose challenges in establishing regulatory equivalence. These fees have been a recurring topic during the transposition process, evoking a negative sentiment.

Another area of contention is the verification of formation requirements in the DAO Model law. Different jurisdictions hold differing views on who should conduct the accreditation, leading to ongoing debates and a neutral sentiment on the matter.

Regulators face the task of applying existing laws to DAOs, which presents potential risks and unintended consequences. As regulators endeavor to enforce these laws, cases pertaining to DAOs may reach appellate courts, resulting in the emergence of case law related to this technology. This neutral sentiment underscores the uncertainty surrounding the outcome.

A key argument posits that decisions made in appellate courts may establish legal precedents that restrict innovation. This negative sentiment highlights the potential risks and unintended consequences of this approach.

To mitigate these risks, proponents advocate for a proactive regulatory approach, including the use of regulatory sandboxes. This proactive stance is seen as a means to shape laws in a manner that fosters innovation without impeding progress. A positive sentiment surrounds this argument, emphasizing the need to prevent harm and anticipate future risks.

Furthermore, regulators are encouraged to educate themselves about DAO technology prior to implementing laws. This sentiment stems from the belief that a thorough understanding of the intricacies of this technology is necessary for crafting effective regulations. Educating regulators would facilitate a smoother implementation process and contribute to the overall success of DAO regulation.

Jarrell James

The analysis explores the introduction of the Dow Model Law and the coalition group Koala. Koala is a multidisciplinary research and collaboration firm that brings together professionals from various fields such as law, academia, computer science, and entrepreneurship. They aim to understand the challenges and opportunities presented by decentralized technologies and their impact on the legal system and society.

Jarrell James acknowledges and appreciates the efforts of the coalition and panelists. Notably, Rick Dudley is praised for establishing cross-field technical standards, Fatemeh Panazera is recognized as the leading counsel, and Silke is commended for facilitating the Dow Model Law presentation.

The analysis delves into the legal recognition and interaction challenges faced by the decentralized technology space. Obtaining legal recognition is a major hurdle for entities operating in the decentralized space. The Dow Model Law offers a meaningful legal pathway to address these challenges and allows decentralized technology entities to interact with municipal authorities, corporations, and international coalitions. The development of the Dow Model Law took three years, highlighting its importance and thoroughness.

The analysis also explores regulatory challenges and privacy concerns related to Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs). Governments exhibit major hesitation in interacting with single entities or individuals in the decentralized space, and there are concerns beyond just liability. Additionally, regulatory challenges are likely to arise during the process of recognizing DAOs due to their unique characteristics.

The transparency of DAOs is discussed, with all transactions and payments being visible to participants. However, this transparency undermines privacy, leading to a quest to restore privacy within DAOs. Regulatory authorities lack understanding regarding the extent of transparency provided by DAOs and the tracking capabilities they offer.

Privacy is perceived as being anti-state in the digital space, creating conflicts with state objectives. The analysis emphasizes the importance of reconciling these ideological differences.

Furthermore, the analysis recognizes the significance of coordination and innovative solutions in the field of regulation. The efforts of Koala in developing novel solutions, along with the implementation of the Dow Model Law, are appreciated.

Lastly, the analysis highlights the role of civil societies and coalitions in effecting change in different jurisdictions. The frustration faced in movement and change across various legal systems is acknowledged.

Overall, the analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the Dow Model Law and the challenges faced by decentralized technologies. It emphasizes the importance of legal recognition, addresses regulatory challenges, privacy concerns, and advocates for the reconciliation of ideological differences. The role of civil societies and coalitions in effecting change and innovation is also emphasized.

Silke Noa Elrifai

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) offer a new way of organizing and coordinating global collaborations. They present large-scale coordination opportunities that align with the needs of an increasingly multipolar world. However, DAOs currently face significant legal uncertainties that impede their development. To address this, the proposed Model Law aims to grant DAOs legal personality and capacity, enabling effective interaction with the off-chain world. The Model Law is based on the principles of functional equivalence and regulatory equivalence. While it seeks to provide solutions for taxation issues and legal certainty, the requirement for DAOs to register as global entities poses challenges. Some jurisdictions, such as Utah, have not adopted this approach, hindering the implementation of the Dow Model Law. Efforts are needed to improve the Model Law, especially regarding registration requirements, to make it more feasible for jurisdictions to adopt. Taxation concerns are also an obstacle in the interaction between jurisdictions and DAOs, with jurisdictions emphasizing potential tax benefits. Silke Noa Elrifai suggests an innovative approach to addressing taxation rules for DAOs. Additionally, the transparency of DAOs undermines privacy, and efforts should be made to reintegrate privacy into the model while maintaining transparency for regulatory purposes. The Model Law may not be suitable for all jurisdictions due to its issues, and the default characterization of DAOs as general partnerships or unincorporated associations with joint and several liabilities needs to be addressed. Overall, addressing legal uncertainties, registration requirements, taxation concerns, privacy issues, and the default characterization will support the growth and development of DAOs while respecting legal standards and protecting individual rights.

Rick Dudley

Regulators have faced criticism for a perceived lack of understanding regarding internet communication and cryptographically signed messages. It is argued that regulators misunderstand the unique properties of these mediums, resulting in a negative sentiment towards their treatment. However, proponents argue that existing laws, protections, and regulations can be applied to satisfy the requirements of both the online community and regulators, advocating for a positive approach without the need for special treatment.

There is also a negative sentiment towards compromising privacy due to technical limitations or engineering practicality. Privacy is considered a constitutional guarantee, and individuals are not willing to sacrifice their privacy due to these limitations. The importance of protecting privacy rights and implementing privacy-enhancing measures in technological advancements is emphasized.

Privacy issues related to blockchain are seen as similar to traditional internet privacy concerns, generating a neutral sentiment. The argument is that privacy compromises in blockchain operations, particularly decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), are not distinct from the compromises observed in regular surveillance practices. This suggests that similar privacy concerns apply to both traditional internet activities and blockchain technologies.

Rick Dudley, a business owner in the United States, supports the use of Tornado Cash to provide financial privacy to his employees who receive payments through blockchain foundations. This positive sentiment reflects the value he sees in granting financial privacy and the enhanced security it offers. This indicates that privacy-enhancing technologies like Tornado Cash are being recognized as beneficial in the context of blockchain finance.

Privacy pools are considered a technology that restores a basic level of privacy. These pools allow for transaction privacy that can be revealed upon request, and they can demonstrate the legitimacy of funds by ensuring they were never sourced from regulated or restricted entities. The positive sentiment towards privacy pools suggests they are valued as a tool for individuals to regain control over their privacy rights in the digital realm.

There is an argument for regulators needing to educate themselves and gain a better understanding of these technologies, affirming the importance of keeping pace with technological advancements to make informed decisions and regulations.

Regarding regulation, there is a negative sentiment towards creating numerous new laws. Advocates argue that existing laws and regulations can be effectively applied, eliminating the need for extensive legislation. This preference for using and adapting current legal frameworks aims to avoid burdening the industry with unnecessary regulatory complexities.

In summary, regulators face criticism for their perceived lack of understanding of internet communication and cryptographically signed messages. However, proponents support the application of existing laws and regulations to meet the needs of both the online community and regulators. Privacy is considered a fundamental right, and compromising it due to technical limitations is met with a negative sentiment. Blockchain privacy issues are seen as similar to traditional internet privacy concerns, and privacy-enhancing technologies are recognized and valued. Regulators are encouraged to educate themselves, and a preference for using existing laws over creating excessive new regulations is evident.

Fatemeh Fannizadeh

The discussion surrounding the model law for Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs) covered several important aspects, including legal personality, limited liability, and internal governance. The model law aims to address all the necessary considerations in corporate formations, such as rights, obligations, and the entity’s purpose. It specifically emphasises that there is no implicit fiduciary duty for any one decision-maker. In addition, provisions were made to accommodate the unique nature of blockchain technology, including the possibility of forking.

Various jurisdictions have considered the model law for DAOs, including Australia, the UK, St. Helena, and New Hampshire. However, the state of Utah in the US is the only one that has adapted and implemented the model law thus far. Other jurisdictions, such as Vermont, Wyoming, and the Marshall Islands, have attempted to regulate DAOs through incorporation. Utah’s adaptation of the model law has drawn criticism, particularly regarding the requirement for DAOs to register within the jurisdiction and nominate a registered agent. Critics argue that this requirement deviates from the original model law and is an attempt to exert control over DAO entities.

The discussion also highlighted privacy as a constitutional right. It was emphasised that privacy is not against the state, but rather, it is recognised as a fundamental right in most places. The false dichotomy between protecting privacy and preventing terrorism financing and money laundering was also disputed. It was argued that individuals should not be forced to choose between their privacy and preventing illicit activities, as both can be upheld simultaneously.

When it comes to regulating the DAO Model Law, caution was advised against rushing the process. The technology underlying DAOs is still in its organic growth phase, and it was suggested that hasty regulation could hinder its development. Instead, the establishment of a regulatory sandbox was proposed as a way to allow the technology to mature more effectively. A regulatory sandbox would provide a controlled environment for experimentation and refinement.

The future of the internet was also discussed, with a prediction that it would become more decentralised in the next 20 years. This implies a shift towards a less centralised structure, where power and control are distributed among various entities and individuals. Such a transformation could have implications for internet governance, privacy, and overall functionality.

In conclusion, the discussion on the model law for DAOs covered various important aspects, including legal personality, limited liability, and internal governance. While Utah’s adaptation of the model law has faced criticism for imposing additional requirements on DAOs, other jurisdictions have pursued different approaches, such as incorporation. Privacy was recognised as a constitutional right that should not be compromised. Caution was urged in the regulation of the DAO Model Law, with the suggestion of implementing a regulatory sandbox. The future of the internet was predicted to involve a more decentralised structure, potentially impacting governance and functionality.

Speakers