HIGH LEVEL LEADERS SESSION IV

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Lise Fuhr, Director General, European Telecommunications Networks Operators Association

Digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) play a crucial role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They have the potential to support climate change mitigation, sustainability in industries and agriculture, and improve the quality of life in cities. However, there are challenges that hinder progress, such as connectivity, access to devices, and digital literacy skills. Gender equality is also a significant issue, with slow progress in achieving equal representation in leadership and research fields. Bridging the gender gap is crucial for unlocking the full potential of digital solutions. Mobile phones are vital tools for connecting women to information and education. Despite progress in connectivity, there is still a need for improved access and digital skills. It is essential to base digital solutions on an open, inclusive, and secure internet that respects human rights. Multi-stakeholder decision-making is important for inclusive internet governance. Collaboration among stakeholders is necessary to further progress towards the SDGs. Digital innovation has shown potential in responding to global challenges, but there is still work to be done. In conclusion, digital technologies have the potential to contribute significantly to the SDGs, but addressing challenges and promoting collaboration is crucial for their successful implementation.

Nanako Ishido, Professor, Graduate School of Media Design, Keio University

During the discussion, the speakers examined the impact of digital technology on education, peace, and sustainability in Japan. One of the key topics discussed was Japan’s GIGA School Initiative, which aims to integrate digital technology into schools and achieve quality education for all. Before the outbreak of COVID-19, Japan was somewhat behind in terms of integrating digital technology into school education. However, the pandemic prompted significant change, and now every elementary and middle school student in Japan has been provided with a digital device. This move towards digitalisation is seen as a positive step in ensuring that everyone has digital literacy and equal access to a digital learning environment in educational institutions.

Furthermore, the speakers discussed the importance of addressing educational disparities and bridging the digital divide through initiatives such as the GIGA School Initiative. Ensuring that every student has access to digital technology is crucial in achieving equal educational opportunities.

On the other hand, the speakers also highlighted the risks and challenges associated with the use of digital innovations, particularly with the rapid advancement of AI. The diversity of perspectives on how to interact with AI and other digital technologies poses a risk in itself. The potential for differing opinions and intentions when using these technologies can lead to adverse consequences. Therefore, it is essential to consider these risks and engage in discussions involving multiple stakeholders to mitigate them.

The speaker further noted that although digital technology has the potential to promote peace, it can also be used extensively for harm, especially in ongoing conflicts between countries. The human intention and purpose behind the use of these tools ultimately determine whether they contribute to peace or conflict. This insight highlights the need to consider human intentions as a risk factor when using digital technology, and to carefully navigate its application in peacebuilding efforts.

Additionally, the establishment of international consensus on the use of AI and digital technology was identified as a challenge. Large global companies in the field have the potential to surpass nations in terms of technological advancements. However, reaching consensus on the ethical and responsible use of these technologies on an international scale remains a complex task.

In terms of sustainability, Kyoto was praised for its long-standing commitment to sustainable city development. For over 1000 years, Kyoto has served as Japan’s capital and symbolizes sustainable management in terms of corporate practices. There are approximately 50,000 companies in Japan that have been in business for more than 100 years, with 3000 companies having operated for over 200 years. By exemplifying sustainable management, these Japanese companies contribute to the goal of responsible consumption and production.

It was also observed during the discussion that the integration of technology in policy-making processes can enable a wide range of actors, including students, to participate. This use of technology creates an environment where a larger number of individuals can contribute to policy decisions, fostering inclusivity and democratic processes.

In conclusion, the speakers highlighted the positive progress made in integrating digital technology into education in Japan, particularly through initiatives like the GIGA School Initiative. However, they also raised awareness of the risks and challenges associated with the use of digital innovations, such as differing perspectives on AI and the need for international consensus. Furthermore, the speakers commended Kyoto for its sustainable city development efforts and recognized Japan for symbolizing sustainable management in corporate practices. Overall, the importance of taking action towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and translating priorities into concrete actions was emphasized.

Mohamed Shareef, Minister of State for Environment, Climate and Technology, the Maldives

The analysis reveals several key points regarding the digital transformation and its role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One notable finding is that in the Maldives, 7% of the population still does not have a smartphone, and 15% do not use the internet. This lack of access to digital technology hinders progress towards the SDGs.

Furthermore, it is concerning that 30% of the SDG targets have either stalled or regressed. This suggests that more efforts are needed to effectively meet these goals.

However, there is a positive sentiment towards establishing a digital foundation to achieve the SDGs. It is argued that a digital infrastructure is necessary for various sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, and weather protection. The ability to leverage digital technologies and data can greatly enhance these sectors, resulting in smarter decision-making and improved outcomes.

Cooperation among stakeholders, including the government, industry, academia, and civil society, is seen as crucial to attaining the SDGs. This collaborative approach ensures that resources, knowledge, and expertise are shared, leading to more effective and sustainable solutions.

On the other hand, there are several challenges faced in the digital transformation journey. The increasing complexity of technology poses risks in terms of cybersecurity and data privacy. Additionally, the lack of expertise in implementing and managing digital innovations, particularly in developing countries, further complicates the transition. Financial risks also arise from overspending on technology that may not deliver the expected benefits. Moreover, the issue of electronic waste becomes more prominent as societies invest more in technology.

To tackle these challenges, it is suggested to establish a dedicated team to drive the digital transformation agenda. Robust security measures and system integration are essential to ensure the integrity and safety of digital systems. Compliance with both local and international data privacy standards and regulations is crucial to maintain trust. Furthermore, it is important to invest in people by providing training and development opportunities to build the necessary skills and capabilities.

Inclusion and accessibility should also be at the forefront of the digital transformation efforts. Ensuring that no one is left behind in the digital revolution is necessary to reduce inequalities and promote social cohesion.

A careful balance between progress and privacy concerns must be maintained. While digital technologies offer immense potential in achieving the SDGs, it is important to address privacy concerns and ensure that individuals’ rights are protected.

Lastly, it is crucial to adapt to changing environments and climate change. Digital technologies can play a significant role in monitoring and mitigating the impacts of climate change. By harnessing the power of digital innovation, societies can enhance their resilience and ability to respond to environmental challenges.

In conclusion, the analysis underscores the importance of digital transformation in achieving the SDGs. While there are challenges that need to be addressed, the potential benefits are substantial. A collaborative approach, inclusion, and a balance between progress and privacy concerns are key to navigating the digital transformation journey successfully.

Junhua Li, UN Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs

Digital solutions are seen as crucial in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with the potential to improve financial inclusion, enhance public services, and accelerate climate action. There is a positive sentiment towards digital solutions due to their ability to address development challenges. However, there are concerns regarding unequal access and limited infrastructure in developing countries, hindering progress. Bridging the digital divide and promoting inclusive access to digital solutions, particularly in vulnerable countries, is necessary. Involving all stakeholders, such as government bodies, the private sector, and academia, is important in developing effective and inclusive digital innovation frameworks. A global framework is being considered to guide digital innovation and mitigate potential risks, such as increased carbon emissions. By prioritizing these efforts, actions towards achieving the SDGs can be accelerated.

Karoline Edtstadler, Federal Minister for European Union and Constitution, Austria

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is deemed a key driver in numerous fields, with its widespread use and positive impact. It is employed across various industries to enhance efficiency, productivity, and decision-making processes. Moreover, AI has become an integral part of everyday life, as individuals globally utilise it.

New technologies, including AI, have the potential to revolutionise information gathering, expression of opinions, and organisation of peaceful assemblies. These technologies provide platforms for individuals to freely express themselves and engage in constructive discussions. They also promote knowledge sharing and a better understanding of human rights and democracy.

However, there are concerns that these technologies could perpetuate existing social and economic inequalities. The risk of dehumanisation and forgetting our fundamental values and principles is also a prominent issue. It is crucial to consider the perspectives of the Global South when implementing and connecting people with these technologies. Ensuring equal access and addressing the specific needs and challenges of marginalised communities should be a priority.

A human rights-based approach is advocated for the application of technology. It is essential to safeguard human rights, privacy, and individual freedoms in the development and implementation of AI and new technologies. This approach ensures that technology is used as a means to empower individuals and promote equality.

Mitigating risks and ensuring human oversight are crucial aspects of responsible technological advancements. Transparency and explainability of algorithms and decision-making processes are necessary to build trust and hold technology accountable.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical role of technology in education, employment, and access to resources. With the increased use of technology in universities, schools, and among elderly populations, the importance of connectivity and equal access is more evident than ever. Technology has proven to be instrumental in providing remote learning opportunities, connecting people, and maintaining economic activities during the pandemic.

Ms Karoline Edstadler, emphasising the current situation as a watershed moment, believes that challenges are accompanied by chances and changes. She underscores the role of Parliamentarians and governments in setting the right measures and regulations to ensure the responsible use of technology.

The pandemic has also accelerated digitalisation efforts, resulting in significant progress in adopting digital solutions. This has led to newfound efficiencies and opportunities in various sectors.

In conclusion, while AI and new technologies offer immense potential, it is crucial to address concerns such as inequality, dehumanisation, and privacy infringement. By adopting a human rights-based approach and considering the perspectives of all stakeholders, we can maximise the benefits of technology while minimising the risks. Furthermore, responsible oversight and transparent practices are necessary for building trust and accountability in the use of technology. The COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted the importance of technology in various aspects of life, necessitating equal access and connectivity for all individuals. Parliamentarians and governments play a significant role in shaping the future of technology through appropriate measures and regulations.

Audience

The analysis highlights several key points regarding the importance of a human rights-based approach to new technologies and artificial intelligence. The speakers argue that technological progress should be inclusive and should not lead to discrimination. They emphasize the need for human oversight, transparency, and explainability in the development and implementation of these technologies. Inclusivity and avoiding discrimination are seen as crucial principles that should guide the advancement of technology.

Another significant point raised in the analysis is the need to bridge the digital gap in developing countries. The speakers stress that information technology and the internet are fundamental tools for the development of societies. They argue that promoting access to and the adoption of these technologies is a major priority for achieving social and economic progress. They point to the fact that information technology and the internet have been identified as key drivers of development, as evidenced by the attendance of heads of state and government from 175 countries at the first Summit on Information Society.

The analysis also draws attention to the commitments made by developed countries in the context of societal and economic development. The speakers express concern that these commitments have not been fully met, which hinders progress in social and economic development. They argue that it is crucial for developed countries to fulfill their commitments to ensure the advancement of societies.

The interlink between the recent G77+China summit and the Summit on Information Society is highlighted in the analysis. The ratification of the completion of the Information Society project by 2025 at the end of the summit of G77+China is seen as a significant step. China has emphasised the link between the summit and information technologies in fostering development, showcasing the importance of integrating technology into various sectors to drive progress.

Innovation is recognised as a crucial driver of sustainable development. The speakers argue that creative solutions to pressing challenges can be achieved through innovation. However, they emphasize that access to these innovative solutions is equally important. They state that access is the bridge that connects innovative solutions to those who need them the most, thereby ensuring the benefits of innovation are widespread and accessible.

The analysis also emphasizes the need for a multi-stakeholder approach in addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by technology and artificial intelligence. The speakers argue that government action alone will not suffice, and that a collaborative approach involving various stakeholders is required. They highlight that forums can be organised to refocus efforts in different areas according to expertise, passion, and common interests, thereby strengthening collaboration and cooperation.

The speakers also advocate for research and development that addresses the unique needs of vulnerable populations. They argue that social entrepreneurship should prioritise planet and equality above profit maximisation, and that promoting research and development in this regard can help address and alleviate the challenges faced by vulnerable populations.

Affordability of access is identified as a critical factor in achieving progress. The analysis highlights that affordable access to education and healthcare expands opportunities and benefits for individuals and communities. It is seen as a key component of reducing inequalities and ensuring equal opportunities for all.

The ITU’s Partner to Connect initiative and the global digital compact receive support in the analysis. The speakers argue that these initiatives should be fully supported by the global community, as they play a crucial role in promoting connectivity and digital inclusion.

Education and awareness are emphasized as important factors in the advancement of technology and the achievement of sustainable development goals. The speakers argue that those who need technology the most should embrace it and actively participate in their own development. Education and awareness are seen as catalysts for empowerment and progress.

The analysis also highlights the impact of the digital divide, particularly during the ongoing pandemic. Limited and unaffordable internet access has worsened the digital divide in the Asia-Pacific region. The speakers argue that countries in special situations have been disproportionately impacted during the pandemic, further exacerbating existing disparities. This highlights the urgent need to address the digital divide and ensure equal access to technology and online resources for all.

The deployment of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, is seen as promising in addressing climate change. The analysis presents examples of countries like Singapore, Japan, and the Republic of Korea that are using AI-driven applications to enhance disaster resilience, climate adaptation, and the development of advanced digital skills.

However, despite the promising beginnings in directing the development of AI through a people-centered approach based on shared human values and rights, the analysis points out that there is still much work to be done.

Efforts to close the digital divide should be intensified according to the analysis. It highlights the need for investments in digital infrastructure, promotion of digital literacy, and strengthening cooperation between stakeholders. These steps are necessary to ensure that the benefits of technology are accessible to all, and to prevent further widening of inequalities.

The analysis also explores the role of the World Bank in addressing global challenges and promoting digital development. The World Bank’s efforts to lift a billion people out of poverty in the last few decades are recognised. However, the speakers argue that renewing progress in the fight against poverty and addressing global challenges requires a new approach that incorporates digital solutions.

The risk of widening the digital and poverty divide is also emphasised in the analysis. It points to the fact that nearly 2.6 billion people are still offline, with a significant disparity in internet usage between high-income and low-income countries. This highlights the urgent need to address the digital divide and ensure equal access to technology and online resources for all.

The governance of the internet and digital spaces is viewed as crucial, with the analysis highlighting the importance of trust in the digital sector. The speakers argue that to build trust, technology should be based on open, inclusive, secure, and resilient digital foundations.

Lastly, the analysis underscores the potential of a digital development agenda in driving human, economic, and social development. It mentions the estimation of 150 million new technology jobs over the next five years, highlighting the opportunities that can arise through a focus on digital advancement.

Overall, the analysis provides valuable insights and arguments for embracing a human rights-based approach to technology, bridging the digital gap, fulfilling commitments, promoting innovation and access, adopting a multi-stakeholder approach, addressing the unique needs of vulnerable populations, promoting affordability of access, supporting initiatives for connectivity and digital inclusion, prioritising education and awareness, closing the digital divide, addressing climate change through emerging technologies, directing the development of AI based on shared human values and rights, strengthening cooperation and investment in digital infrastructure, recognising the role of the World Bank in digital development, mitigating the risks of widening the digital and poverty divide, governing the internet and digital spaces with trust, and advancing a digital development agenda for human, economic, and social progress.

Kojo Boakye, Vice President, Public Policy Africa, Middle East, and Turkey, META

The analysis highlights the importance of broadband internet access and the role of AI and technology in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One key point is that there is still a significant number of people who lack access to broadband. Despite 95% of people being within range of a network, this does not guarantee access to broadband. Approximately 2.6 billion people remain offline, indicating that efforts are needed to bridge the gap and provide universal connectivity.

On the positive side, the analysis highlights the potential of AI and technology in achieving SDGs. META, for example, has been working for over 10 years using AI and has produced the world’s most sophisticated population density maps through its use of AI and satellite imagery. This demonstrates the power of AI and technology in generating valuable insights that can aid in addressing societal challenges.

The analysis also emphasizes the interconnection between SDGs. It highlights that to effectively address these goals, various aspects need to be considered holistically. This interconnectedness means that progress in one goal can positively impact progress in others. Therefore, efforts towards achieving SDGs should be comprehensive and collaborative.

Partnerships are seen as key to achieving SDGs. META has partnered with over 700 institutions, including the World Bank, International Organization of Migration, and UNHCR. This collaboration highlights the importance of collective action and the need for different stakeholders to work together towards common goals.

Furthermore, the analysis points out the positive impact that AI-driven solutions can have on SDGs. Examples include the use of AI in health immunization programs in Malawi, clean water and sanitation initiatives in Zambia and Rwanda, and the development of electrification maps in Benin and Somalia. These examples demonstrate how AI can contribute to tangible improvements in areas crucial to achieving SDGs.

There is substantial support for the use of technology in addressing SDG challenges. The analysis cites a groundswell of support for tech use in, for instance, Ghana, Lagos, Jordan, Egypt, and New York. This indicates that there is recognition of the potential of technology to drive progress in various sectors and address societal challenges.

However, it is also important to acknowledge and address the risks and inequalities that may arise from tech innovations. The analysis recognizes the concerns regarding digital inequality and the potential for greater inequality caused by technology. This highlights the need for inclusive approaches that ensure benefits are accessible to all.

Governments are urged to put necessary guardrails in place while harnessing the power of AI and technology. Examples mentioned include companies like Meta following voluntary commitments towards AI and countries like Saudi Arabia developing their AI ethics guidelines. This highlights the importance of ethical considerations and responsible governance in the tech sector.

Corporate responsibility is also emphasized, with companies engaging in policy discussions globally. This indicates the recognition that companies have a role to play in shaping policies and providing examples of good practice to ensure positive outcomes.

To ensure progress, the analysis calls for action and urgency. It emphasizes that while analysis is important, it should not lead to paralysis. Instead, there is a need for proactive measures and tangible actions to drive progress towards achieving SDGs.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights both the challenges and opportunities related to broadband internet access and the role of AI and technology in achieving SDGs. It underlines the need for universal connectivity and the potential of AI to address various societal challenges. The analysis also emphasizes the interconnectedness between SDGs, the importance of partnerships, and the need for responsible governance and ethical considerations. Overall, it calls for action and collaboration to ensure progress towards SDGs.

Masanori Kondo, Secretary General, Asia-Pacific Telecommunity

Affordable accessibility and innovative digitisation are essential for driving change in a world where people are busy with their daily lives and businesses. It is argued that making digital solutions attractive enough to surpass the status quo and embrace new challenges is crucial.

In order to address global challenges, cooperation, data sharing, and information sharing among different stakeholders are seen as vital. However, as digital solutions evolve, the issue of data interoperability may arise, posing a potential challenge in the future.

Collaboration plays a key role in effective stakeholder engagement. By implementing minimum requirements, stakeholders can work together more efficiently, fostering cooperation and achieving shared goals. This is particularly important in the context of cybersecurity standards and network security vulnerabilities, as the lowest level of security can be a potential vulnerability.

Generating support for digital innovations and solutions in policy-making is crucial for their successful implementation. This can be achieved through education, awareness, and policy hackathons. Educating policymakers and other stakeholders about the necessity, importance, and feasibility of digital innovations ensures their adoption and implementation. Creating a goodwill ambassador for digital Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and conducting digital enlightenment movements can further help in spreading awareness and knowledge.

The transition from Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals has brought about new and changing issues. The widespread dissemination of ICT services has played a pivotal role in recent developments, offering numerous opportunities and transforming challenges into solutions. The commitment and creativity of the ICT community are crucial for constructing a proud and inspiring future.

To achieve the SDGs, collaboration among the ICT community and other stakeholders is essential. The involvement of various actors, including governments, businesses, and civil society, is crucial. By striving for partnerships and working together, progress towards the SDGs can be accelerated.

In conclusion, affordable accessibility and innovative digitisation are vital for driving change. Effective cooperation, data sharing, and information sharing are key to addressing global challenges. Collaboration, education, and awareness are essential for generating support for digital innovations and solutions in policy-making. The commitment and creativity of the ICT community are instrumental in shaping a promising future. By collaborating and striving for partnerships, the Sustainable Development Goals can be achieved.

Tshilidzi Marwala, Rector, United Nations University

Digital solutions have the potential to expedite the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and alleviate poverty, given that over two billion people do not have a bank account. Access to digital financial services can help these individuals participate in the formal economy and improve their livelihoods. Initiatives utilizing technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), cloud computing, sensors, drones, and blockchain in smart agriculture are being implemented globally to tackle SDG2 and eradicate hunger. Public digital infrastructure, including digital identity systems, plays a crucial role in achieving the SDGs, as upgrading these systems can facilitate the delivery of essential services and promote inclusivity. However, challenges in governance and access hinder the effective implementation of digital solutions. The progress towards the SDGs is lagging, with only 15% of the goals being met. Education is key in unlocking digital opportunities and crafting regulations to address global challenges. It is important to invest in infrastructure and ensure access to technology for all. Access to Intellectual Property (IP) is vital for developing innovative solutions and tackling issues like climate change. Concerns about privacy, cybersecurity, and asymmetry of capabilities need to be addressed, and advocating for a global agreement can help create a more equitable and secure digital environment. Access to affordable technology is essential to ensuring equitable access to digital solutions and reducing inequalities. Collaboration between stakeholders, including government, the private sector, and public-private partnerships, is crucial for successful progress towards the SDGs. In conclusion, digital solutions have immense potential for achieving the SDGs and lifting people out of poverty, but challenges such as governance, access, and ethical considerations must be addressed. Education, infrastructure, access to Intellectual Property, and responsible consumption and production are among the key factors in leveraging digital opportunities for sustainable development.

Moderator

The discussions focused on the potential of digital solutions in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as reducing inequality, addressing climate change, and bridging the digital divide. It was acknowledged that inequality and newer challenges like climate change are significant obstacles to achieving the SDGs. However, the conversations emphasized that leveraging digital solutions can play a vital role in bridging persisting gaps and preventing newer challenges.

The importance of equality, non-discrimination, and public access to information and freedom of expression was highlighted in relation to the SDGs. It was recognized that digital technologies supported by effective policies can address multiple challenges and contribute to achieving the goals. The discussions emphasized that embracing and harnessing digitization is crucial and can be guided by the 2030 Development Agenda.

Emerging technologies, especially artificial intelligence, were highlighted as key drivers in various fields and as powerful tools for promoting human rights, democracy, and peaceful assemblies. The role of digital solutions in areas such as finance, education, agriculture, and public services was also recognized. The discussions emphasized that digitization offers unique opportunities and is key to achieving the SDGs.

The importance of efficient and affordable ICT infrastructure and services was highlighted for countries to engage in the digital economy and enhance global competitiveness. Public digital infrastructure, such as digital identity systems, was seen as an expedient way to accelerate the delivery of the SDGs. However, it was also acknowledged that broadband availability does not guarantee access, and efforts are needed to ensure that everyone has access to digital services.

The discussions underscored the need for continued efforts to achieve the SDGs, as it was recognized that progress was lagging behind. The call for bolder action and the need to spread the benefits of digitization, especially to developing countries, was emphasized. It was noted that political declarations and global initiatives were paving the way for expanding participation in the benefits of digitization.

The discussions also recognized the ethical implications and risks associated with digital technologies, such as privacy concerns, cybersecurity, and environmental degradation. It was emphasized that digital innovations should be guided by ethics and responsible consumption and production practices. The importance of digital literacy, skills development, and access to technology were highlighted as essential for realizing the full benefits of digital solutions.

In conclusion, the discussions highlighted the potential of digital solutions in addressing numerous challenges and contributing to the achievement of the SDGs. However, they also called for comprehensive approaches, collaboration among stakeholders, and international cooperation to ensure inclusivity, address risks, and bridge societal gaps. The discussions emphasized the need for action, continued dialogue, and multi-stakeholder engagement to harness the opportunities presented by digitization for sustainable development.

Speakers