Public access evolutions – lessons from the last 20 years

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Matias Centedo

According to the analysis, there has been a significant increase in global internet connectivity since 2015, with a 20% rise in the number of people and households connected to the internet worldwide. This positive development indicates that more individuals are benefiting from internet access and its associated opportunities.

However, despite this progress, there are still notable disparities in internet access between different income groups and countries. In low-income countries, only 30% of the population has internet connectivity, whereas in high-income countries, this figure jumps to 90%. This disparity highlights the existence of a digital divide, where individuals in low-income countries are at a disadvantage in terms of accessing the internet and the opportunities it provides.

Furthermore, the analysis reveals that the progress towards greater internet connectivity is slower than anticipated. Only five regions have managed to achieve the United Nations’ goal of 70% of individuals using the internet by 2030. This slower progress raises concerns about the ability to bridge the digital divide and ensure equal access to internet resources for all communities.

The analysis also highlights that internet connectivity does not uniformly impact communities, particularly when considering economic factors. The fact that low-income countries have lower rates of internet connectivity reinforces the notion that economic inequality can affect access to essential resources such as the internet. This observation underscores the need for targeted efforts to address this issue and ensure that everyone, regardless of their economic situation, can benefit from internet access and its advantages.

Additionally, the analysis brings attention to the negative consequences of increased internet access, specifically in terms of democratic development and quality of life. Despite the rise in digital infrastructure, there has been a decline in freedom indicators and internet freedoms. Civil and political rights have decreased across all regions, suggesting that increased internet access does not necessarily lead to improved levels of participation and democratic development within societies. This finding raises questions about the potential negative impacts of increased internet access on society as a whole.

In conclusion, while there has been progress in global internet connectivity, disparities still exist, particularly between low-income and high-income countries. The slower progress towards universal internet access and the negative consequences on democratic development and quality of life raise concerns. It is crucial to address these issues to ensure equal access to the internet and its benefits for all individuals and communities.

Maria Garrido

The analysis explores the topic of inclusive connectivity and access to information within the context of the UN 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It examines the three dimensions crucial to achieving inclusive connectivity: connectivity, gender equity, and freedom. Inclusive connectivity is defined as the rights and capacity to use, create, and share information in ways that are meaningful to each individual and their community.

The analysis highlights the marginal progress made towards gender equity in internet use. While 52 percent of women in the world use the internet, there is still a significant digital gender gap, with 208 million more men connected compared to women. However, there are positive examples in Latin America, where more women than men are connected to the internet, showcasing successful initiatives addressing the gender digital divide in that region.

Furthermore, the analysis emphasizes the role of public libraries in improving internet access. Public libraries are seen as vital for enhancing connectivity and providing access to information, thereby addressing the roots of inequality. They remain at the heart of helping to resolve social problems such as inequality and lack of access to education.

One of the main challenges identified in the analysis is the scarcity of reliable and comprehensive data regarding the digital divide. Only 86 countries collect internet population data by sex, and there is limited data on digital skills, types of use, motivations, and the impact of connectivity in everyday life. Additionally, there is no specific data addressing online violence and harassment affecting women and LGBTQ+ communities. This lack of data hinders a full understanding and effective addressing of the digital divide and its impact on various communities.

In conclusion, the analysis calls for more focused efforts to achieve inclusive connectivity and meaningful access to information that tackle the roots of inequality. It emphasizes the importance of public access and libraries in addressing these issues. The insights gained highlight the need for robust data collection and support for institutions like public libraries to ensure equal opportunities for everyone in the digital age.

Donald B. Means

Libraries have emerged as key players in the adoption and integration of emerging technologies into communities, making them accessible to a wide range of individuals. They serve as pioneers in introducing these technologies, providing first-hand experience and understanding to community members. In addition to their technological role, libraries also become the frontline for assisting individuals in navigating online services when government agencies move their services online. This makes libraries critical in bridging the digital divide and ensuring that all members of the community have access to essential services.

During times of crisis, libraries serve as invaluable resources and information hubs. They act as second responders, stepping in to support and assist communities in times of need. Libraries become helping centres, providing communication facilities that are vital in emergencies. Whether it is a natural disaster or any large-scale event, libraries play a crucial role in connecting individuals, disseminating information and facilitating communication among community members.

The impact of climate change and the increasing frequency of severe weather events further underscore the importance of resilience and adaptability in libraries. As the incidence of extreme weather events continues to rise, libraries need to be equipped to effectively serve their communities in times of crisis. They become resilient hubs of communication and resource-sharing, providing assistance and support during disasters. Utilising low Earth Orbit satellite technologies, libraries can have robust broadband connectivity, enabling them to maintain communication and serve as a reliable source of information during critical moments.

Furthermore, libraries have a fundamental role in ensuring universal access to the Internet. They function as community hubs where individuals can engage in digital conversations without any or with a very minimal fee. Recognising the importance of robust internet connections, libraries with reliable and high-speed internet become the minimum accepted baseline for universal access to the Internet. This can be achieved using available technologies, allowing communities to engage in online activities and bridge the digital divide.

Donald B. Means, a prominent advocate, emphasises the significance of strong internet connections in libraries as a means of achieving universal internet access. By providing free or low-cost access to the internet, libraries contribute to reducing inequality and promoting inclusivity in society. This aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 9 (Infrastructure, Industrialisation, and Innovation) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), as it recognises the critical role that libraries play in advancing these goals.

In conclusion, libraries hold essential roles within communities. They are early adopters of emerging technologies, the human face of e-government, and second responders in times of crisis. Libraries must also be resilient and adaptable in the face of climate change. Additionally, they contribute to reducing inequality by providing universal access to the internet. With robust internet connections, libraries become invaluable resources, fostering digital conversations and enabling individuals to fully participate in the digital era.

Ugne Lipeikaite

Public access to the internet plays a crucial role in promoting digital inclusion and providing opportunities for education, civic participation, and social engagement. In countries like Canada and Uganda, where many public access users do not have alternative internet access, public libraries have become invaluable in providing these services.

Public libraries in Canada and Uganda have been found to deliver a wide range of secondary benefits. They provide meaningful education, encourage civic participation, promote social engagement, and foster digital inclusion, thus promoting equality. These libraries serve as hubs for individuals who lack access to the internet in their homes or communities, ensuring that they have an opportunity to bridge the digital divide.

In Canada and Uganda, over half of public access users do not have a viable alternative to accessing the internet. Hence, public libraries play a crucial role in providing these individuals, especially vulnerable groups, with the resources they need to connect with the digital world. This is particularly significant in promoting digital inclusion and reducing inequalities.

The effectiveness of public access initiatives in breaking down barriers preventing certain groups from benefiting from the digital age is evident. In Uganda, for example, 56% of public access users are female, signalling the positive impact of these initiatives in promoting gender inclusion. Furthermore, public access users in both countries have experienced significant improvements in their academic results and increased levels of social engagement.

Libraries have especially played a significant role in facilitating internet access and contributing to gender equality. They have successfully brought people online, creating opportunities for individuals, especially women, to access online information, resources, and services. This is a notable achievement in promoting gender equality and reducing inequalities.

While libraries have made significant progress in enhancing these freedoms, a neutral stance remains on the need for libraries to explore further ways to improve freedoms. This suggests that more research and analysis may be required to understand the potential role libraries can play in promoting freedoms in various contexts.

In conclusion, public access to the internet, particularly through public libraries, is crucial for promoting digital inclusion, education, civic participation, and social engagement. Libraries have shown their effectiveness in breaking down barriers and promoting equality, as evidenced by the high percentage of female users in Uganda. They have also played a significant role in bringing people online and contributing to gender equality. However, further exploration is needed to understand the potential role of libraries in enhancing freedoms.

Woro Salikin

The implementation of internet access in Indonesian libraries has had a transformative effect on these institutions. Previously, libraries were primarily used as places to access printed materials. However, since 2011, Indonesian libraries have been provided with internet access, turning them into hubs for learning from both printed and digital resources, as well as facilitating the sharing of knowledge among the community. This positive change has resulted in increased community engagement and prosperity.

Furthermore, the National Library of Indonesia plays a vital role in the development of the national library system. As the national advocate for all types of libraries in the country, the National Library provides training, coaching, mentoring, grants, and funding to libraries. Being directly under the President’s authority, the National Library also possesses the power to build and establish the national library system. This demonstrates the significance of the National Library in shaping the library landscape in Indonesia.

Expanding internet access to rural areas of Indonesia is deemed necessary considering the low internet penetration rate in these regions. Currently, rural areas contribute only 35.43% to the total number of internet users in the country, highlighting the stark disparity between urban and rural connectivity. To address this issue and accelerate human resource development, the President has issued a directive to improve and expand access to digital libraries in rural areas. This initiative aims to bridge the digital divide and ensure that individuals in remote parts of the country have access to digital resources and opportunities for learning.

The National Library of Indonesia is also actively working on providing access to a wide range of digital resources and e-services. They have developed the Indonesian Knowledge Discovery, a single search portal that allows users to access public collections from libraries, museums, and archives throughout the country. Additionally, the National Library has distributed Inlislite, a library automation software, free of charge to all libraries in Indonesia. This effort highlights their commitment to making digital content readily available to the public, including eBooks, e-newspapers, e-magazines, and other forms of digital content.

It is argued that libraries should provide internet access, as not everyone has access to the internet at home. In many cases, individuals lack the necessary tools or infrastructure to connect to the internet outside of libraries. By offering internet access, libraries become valuable community resources that enable people to engage in various activities and access educational content based on the internet. This view aligns with the belief that providing equal access to information and digital resources is crucial for achieving quality education and promoting industry and innovation.

In conclusion, the introduction of internet access in Indonesian libraries has revolutionised the way these institutions function, promoting learning, knowledge sharing, and community engagement. The National Library of Indonesia plays a pivotal role in developing the national library system and driving access to digital resources and e-services. Expanding internet access to rural areas is necessary to bridge the digital divide and ensure equal opportunities for learning. Overall, libraries providing internet access is crucial for enabling individuals without internet access at home to benefit from the vast wealth of knowledge and opportunities available online.

Moderator-Stephen Weiber

Public access in libraries is crucial for enabling and ensuring meaningful connectivity. Libraries have a mission to provide access to information for development and play a significant role in exploring new technologies and delivering change during crises. They act as partners in enhancing public access, responding to shocks, and backing up support systems during emergencies. Public access in libraries is not an alternative to private access but a complementary means of connectivity, offering different activities and supporting private access for meaningful connectivity.

There is a decoupling between connectivity and meaningful connectivity, as good connectivity does not always lead to positive change. The success of the internet should be measured by the positive change it brings, not just the number of people connected. Investment in data collection is crucial for evidence-based governance decisions, rather than superstition.

Libraries also act as digital gateways, providing access to information and online resources, adapting to the digital age, and localizing internet access. Their global relevance is not restricted to a specific region or group, as public access has brought unforeseen changes in various parts of the world with different socioeconomic conditions. Public access in libraries is essential for socio-economic development, fostering digital inclusion, entrepreneurship, and skill development.

Due to their multi-purpose nature and adaptability, libraries remain resilient and relevant in the long term. They respond to changes in connectivity landscapes and have the ability to remain significant over time.

In conclusion, public access in libraries is vital for meaningful connectivity. Libraries serve as platforms for accessing information, exploring new technologies, and responding to crises. They complement private access and contribute to the global relevance and importance of public access. Investment in data collection is necessary for evidence-based decision-making in internet governance. Libraries’ role in providing access, fostering socio-economic development, and their adaptability contribute to their resilience and long-term relevance.

Speakers