Briefing on the Global Digital Compact- GDC (UNCTAD)

Arguments

There is wide support for the establishment of a global digital compact resting on the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Agenda 2030

Supporting facts:

• Issue paper was circulated in the beginning of September

• The compact should aim at strengthening digital cooperation, closing the digital divide, and ensuring an inclusive, open, safe, and secure digital future for all

• Digital development benefits and risks of digitalization were emphasized

• The compact should enable the attainment of the sustainable development goals

Importance of a bottom-up approach to digital cooperation with link to the policy and to the member states

Supporting facts:

• Experience from the IGF in Kyoto shows the effectiveness of a bottom-up approach

Addressing the weaknesses and gaps in the existing system

Supporting facts:

• Identifying and filling these gaps is an important part of the GDC discussion

Role of regional organizations like the Eurasian Economic Union in driving economic growth using digital tools

Supporting facts:

• The Eurasian Economic Union is already working on these issues

Interconnection between digitalization and climate change

Supporting facts:

• Recognizes the need to include the sustainability of the digitalization and its impact on climate as a cross-cutting issue in the GDC

Anna-Karin Eneström expresses agreement and inspiration from the deep dives and proposals

Supporting facts:

• Mentioned looking into details that Chula discussed

• Emphasized on committing to multi-stakeholder process and appreciating interaction with all these stakeholders

AI will be integrated into the entire global digital compact and the council will work with the Secretary General’s advisory body on it

Supporting facts:

• Advisory Body met for the first time physically and will come up with predictions and proposals to help them develop the global digital compact.

Report

The establishment of a global digital compact is gaining widespread support. The aim of this compact is to strengthen digital cooperation, bridge the digital divide, and ensure a secure and inclusive digital future for all. It should be based on the UN Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the Agenda 2030, which outlines the SDGs.

It is important to note that the compact should not duplicate the work of existing organisations such as the Internet Governance Forum (IGF), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and United Nations World Summit on the Information Society (WISIS).

The discussion also highlighted the importance of a bottom-up approach to digital cooperation, drawing from the experiences and effectiveness of the IGF in Kyoto. This approach should be linked to policy and member states to ensure their active participation and input.

Addressing weaknesses and gaps in the current digital system was another key aspect raised in the discussion. It is crucial to identify and fill these gaps as part of the global digital compact discussion in order to enhance and improve the existing system.

The role of regional organisations, such as the Eurasian Economic Union, in driving economic growth through the use of digital tools was emphasised. These organisations are already working on these issues and their involvement can contribute significantly to achieving the SDGs.

Furthermore, the discussion recognised the interconnection between digitalisation and climate change. The sustainability of digitalisation and its impact on climate change should be considered as a cross-cutting issue within the global digital compact. A bold and innovative approach to the global digital compact was deemed necessary.

Switzerland’s active participation and input in the discussions further highlighted the need for this approach to drive effective digital cooperation. Commitment to a multi-stakeholder process is essential, involving continuous proposals and engagement from various stakeholders. The past multi-stakeholder events in Geneva and Kyoto were mentioned as examples, emphasising the invitation and encouragement of good proposals.

Artificial intelligence (AI) will play an integral role in the global digital compact. The Secretary General’s advisory body, which met physically for the first time, will provide predictions and proposals to aid in the development of the compact. In conclusion, there is strong support for the establishment of a global digital compact that aims to bridge the digital divide and ensure a secure and inclusive digital future for all.

This compact should be based on established international frameworks, while avoiding duplication of existing work. A bottom-up approach to digital cooperation, addressing weaknesses and gaps, and involving regional organisations are crucial aspects. The interconnection between digitalisation and climate change should be considered, and a bold and innovative approach is needed.

Furthermore, a commitment to a multi-stakeholder process, including the integration of AI, will be pivotal in achieving the goals of the global digital compact.

Arguments

AI firms should not be self-regulating, governments and intergovernmental organizations must intervene without stifling innovation

Supporting facts:

• UK’s Prime Minister mentioned that AI firms cannot be left to mark their own homework

Need to shift focus from prevention of harms to addressing major issues like digital and physical divide

Report

During the discussion on AI regulation, the speakers emphasised the importance of government intervention to prevent self-regulation by AI firms. The Prime Minister of the UK expressed the view that AI firms cannot be left to mark their own homework, implying that an external entity, such as the government or intergovernmental organisations, should step in to regulate them.

In addition to government intervention, the speakers advocated for civil society and expert community-driven initiatives. They highlighted the need for these initiatives to play a significant role in regulating AI, as they bring together a wide range of stakeholders and encourage transparency and accountability.

Furthermore, the establishment of a global trusted third-party AI assurance market was proposed as a way to ensure that AI systems are evaluated and tested for safety and ethical considerations. The speakers also addressed the need to shift the focus from merely preventing harms to addressing major issues such as the digital and physical divide.

They argued that while preventing harm is crucial, there is a broader impact of AI on society that needs to be addressed. In particular, they highlighted the digital and physical divide, which refers to the inequalities and disparities in access to technology and infrastructure.

The speakers asserted that it is essential to bridge these divides to ensure that the benefits of AI are distributed more evenly. Moreover, there was a strong call for the transformation of organisational structures and practices of public sectors and multilateral organisations.

The speakers advocated for changes that promote collaboration, innovation, and responsiveness to the challenges posed by AI. They emphasised that these changes would enable public sectors and multilateral organisations to effectively adapt and utilise AI technologies to achieve their goals.

In conclusion, the discussion on AI regulation stressed the importance of government intervention to prevent self-regulation by AI firms. The need for civil society involvement, expert community-driven initiatives, and a global trusted third-party AI assurance market was also highlighted. Additionally, the speakers underscored the significance of addressing major issues like the digital and physical divide and transforming organisational structures and practices in the public sector and multilateral organisations.

The overall message conveyed by the speakers was the necessity of a balanced approach that ensures the responsible and ethical use of AI while fostering innovation and societal progress.

Arguments

Chola Milambo emphasizes the significance of the current period in which dramatic technological changes are taking place.

Supporting facts:

• Mentions developments like quantum computation and miniaturization of the transistor. Argues that such changes could forever alter the world’s trajectory.

Chola Milambo acknowledges the risks of this digital transition.

Supporting facts:

• Points out the concentration of data in a few centers and the existence of a digital divide with 2.7 billion people still unconnected.

• Warns that these risks could potentially result in a wider digital divide.

Chola Milambo calls for a global framework to collaborate on digital matters.

Supporting facts:

• Argues that to harness the benefits of the digital transition and guard against its risks, a collaborative global framework is necessary.

• Emphasizes that the global digital compact process is set to start in earnest, involving all stakeholders.

Chola Milambo makes an appeal for wide participation in the Global Digital Compact process, emphasizing involvement of all stakeholders.

Supporting facts:

• Emphasises the need for involvement of all stakeholders, including those from the Global South, Global North, tech communities, women, youth, and disabled individuals.

Recognition of existing work and build upon it

Supporting facts:

• Mentions the need to build upon the hard work that has gotten to the current point

• Implicit need for collaboration and knowledge transfer

Requirement of global political will at the highest level

Supporting facts:

• Political will is identified as a key factor in the implementation of the Global Digital Compact and its enforcement mechanisms

Dynamic nature of digital technological innovation

Supporting facts:

• Mentioned Eurasia Economic Union’s practice of updating laws to keep up with technological changes

Balance between possessing safeguards and fostering innovation in laws

Supporting facts:

• Discussed the challenge of lawmaking in step with innovation

Regional approach to data infrastructure is efficient

Supporting facts:

• Eurasia Union’s statement on using a regional approach to data infrastructure

Wants the issues on the successor to IGF post-2025 and data governance discussed

Supporting facts:

• States that these issues are debated in the negotiation process

The digital development tax proposed by Global Digital Justice Forum is an interesting idea to finance infrastructure in a sustainable way

Supporting facts:

• Taxes are a political question

• Taxation in the digital space is difficult due to cross-border issues and determining where value is created

AI governance could be a unifying factor if done right

Supporting facts:

• Other areas of governance could piggyback on a successful AI governance framework

• AIH Lab is working on creating such a framework

Report

Chola Milambo argues that the current period is of significant importance due to the technological changes taking place, such as quantum computation and miniaturisation of the transistor. These developments have the potential to forever alter the trajectory of the world.

Milambo acknowledges the risks associated with this digital transition, including data concentration and the existence of a digital divide with 2.7 billion people still unconnected. It is important to address these risks in order to prevent a wider digital divide from forming.

To effectively harness the benefits of the digital transition and mitigate its risks, Milambo calls for a collaborative global framework. This framework should involve all stakeholders, including those from the Global South and Global North, tech communities, women, youth, and disabled individuals.

The aim is to foster inclusivity and ensure that the digital transition benefits everyone. Political will is identified as a key factor in the implementation of the Global Digital Compact and its enforcement mechanisms. It is crucial to build upon the existing work that has already been done to make progress in digital matters.

Milambo recognises the dynamic nature of digital technological innovation and the challenge of creating laws that strike a balance between possessing safeguards and fostering innovation. Inefficiency through the duplication of tasks should be avoided. Rather, an open, transparent, and inclusive engagement process should be embraced.

This will ensure that diverse perspectives are taken into account and that decisions are made collectively. Milambo highlights the efficiency of a regional approach to data infrastructure, as demonstrated by the Eurasia Economic Union’s practice of updating laws to keep up with technological changes.

It is believed that this approach can be replicated in other regions to enhance data infrastructure. While digitisation is often associated with the digital economy, Milambo states that its ultimate goal is to improve life. It should contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, such as good health and well-being, and the eradication of poverty.

Milambo also advocates for the discussion of important issues such as the successor to IGF post-2025 and data governance. These topics should be debated, taking into account the negotiations that have already taken place. The proposal for a digital development tax by the Global Digital Justice Forum is seen as an interesting idea to finance infrastructure in a sustainable way.

This could help address the challenges posed by cross-border issues and determining where value is created in the digital space. AI governance is viewed as an important factor, with the potential to serve as a unifying factor if implemented correctly.

Additionally, the concept of AI insurance is seen as having potential, and a multi-stakeholder process is supported to ensure that diverse perspectives are heard and considered in decision-making. In conclusion, Chola Milambo emphasises the significance of the ongoing technological changes and the need to address the risks associated with the digital transition.

Collaboration, inclusivity, efficient infrastructure, and effective governance are highlighted as crucial elements in navigating this transformative period. The aim is to use technology to improve lives and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

Arguments

Indonesia extends congratulations on the co-facilitator’s appointment for the Global Digital Compact

In light of the Tunis agenda and Paris Agreement, Indonesia seeks insight into the vision for the negotiation processes of the GDC

Supporting facts:

• Tunis Agenda was the result of multi-stakeholder negotiations

• Paris Agreement had prolonged negotiation processes

Indonesia is curious if GDC or any future framework for digital cooperation could act as a potential successor to the IGF?

Supporting facts:

• IGF mandate is concluding in 2025

Indonesia enquires how GDC role would be? Is it going to be a moral compass of all existing digital cooperations?

Report

Indonesia has extended its congratulations on the appointment of the co-facilitator for the Global Digital Compact, showing their support for the upcoming negotiation process. They are particularly interested in the vision for the negotiation processes, taking into account the Tunis Agenda and the Paris Agreement as important benchmarks.

Understanding that the Tunis Agenda resulted from multi-stakeholder negotiations and that the Paris Agreement underwent lengthy negotiation processes, Indonesia seeks insights into how these agreements can inform the negotiation processes of the Global Digital Compact. Indonesia is also curious about the potential role of the Global Digital Compact or any future framework for digital cooperation in relation to the Internet Governance Forum (IGF), especially since the IGF’s mandate is concluding in 2025.

They wonder if the Global Digital Compact, or a similar initiative, could serve as a successor to the IGF. Moreover, Indonesia is interested in understanding how the Global Digital Compact fits into the landscape of existing digital cooperations. They inquire about whether the Global Digital Compact would act as a moral compass for all existing digital cooperations, providing guidance and direction.

Lastly, Indonesia expresses a positive stance and a desire to contribute to the inclusive process of the Global Digital Compact. They believe in ensuring inclusivity and aligning with the goals of reducing inequalities, promoting peace and justice, and fostering partnerships for the goals.

In summary, Indonesia’s engagement with the Global Digital Compact demonstrates their interest in the negotiation processes, curiosity about the future of digital cooperation, and commitment to an inclusive and equitable approach.

Arguments

There is a need for new paradigm to control corporations that have become too powerful and protect democratic structures.

Supporting facts:

• The technology leap, when driven by profits, can threaten the democratic structures.

UN ECOSOC’s decision of July 21 should support and reinforce the ‘unfinished agenda’ of enhanced cooperation.

Supporting facts:

• The ‘unfinished agenda’ of enhanced cooperation is both distinct and complementary to the IGF.

There should be a digital development tax to finance public digital infrastructure in developing countries.

Supporting facts:

• This financing can be done from the compulsory contributions from large corporations.

Interoperability of digital platforms and investment in alternative platform data and AI models are crucial.

Supporting facts:

• Interoperability and investment in AI models ensure information integrity and plural credible media.

Report

In this analysis, several important points are raised by the speakers. The first speaker argues that the power of corporations threatens democratic structures and calls for new measures to control these powerful entities. This issue is of particular concern when technology advancements driven by profits contribute to the erosion of democratic processes.

The speaker suggests the need for a new paradigm to protect democratic structures from the undue influence of corporations. The second speaker emphasizes the importance of supporting and reinforcing the “unfinished agenda” of enhanced cooperation. This agenda is regarded as distinct yet complementary to the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) and requires the support of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (UN ECOSOC).

The speaker asserts that the decision of UN ECOSOC on 21st July should be directed towards endorsing and strengthening the “unfinished agenda” of enhanced cooperation. The third speaker proposes the implementation of a digital development tax to finance public digital infrastructure in developing countries.

It is suggested that this financing could be obtained through compulsory contributions from large corporations. By levying a digital development tax, resources can be directed towards addressing the digital divide and promoting inclusive digital development, in line with the goals of reduced inequalities and industry, innovation, and infrastructure.

The fourth speaker underscores the importance of interoperability and investment in alternative platform data and AI models for information integrity and credible media. Interoperability of digital platforms ensures the seamless sharing and exchange of information, while investment in AI models supports the creation of reliable and diverse sources of information.

This approach can contribute to the promotion of plural credible media and ensure the accuracy and integrity of information. The final speaker contends that the Global Digital Cooperation (GDC) follow-up processes should be clear, transparent, and foster genuine multi-stakeholder participation.

By establishing clear guidelines and promoting transparency, these processes can help distinguish and clarify the roles, responsibilities, and powers of non-state actors. This approach is essential to prevent corporate dominance and maintain a balanced and inclusive digital ecosystem. In conclusion, this analysis highlights various perspectives on critical issues in digital governance and cooperation.

The speakers emphasize the need to protect democratic structures from corporate influence, advance enhanced cooperation, finance digital infrastructure, promote information integrity, and ensure multi-stakeholder engagement. By addressing these challenges effectively, it is believed that a more equitable and inclusive digital landscape can be achieved.

Arguments

The CSTD can continue to make a useful contribution to the Global Digital Compact as negotiations move forward

Supporting facts:

• The CSTD provided input to the open consultations on the GDC and has accumulated knowledge about digitalization over 20 years of WSIS implementation

Previous discussions and declarations have provided a solid basis for navigating the complexities of the digital world of the future

Supporting facts:

• The WSIS and the follow-up WSIS-10 affirmed the multi-stakeholder model of Internet Governance and identified strategies for digital cooperation

Internet has shown significant growth since the start of the WSIS, indicating the success of the current governing model

Supporting facts:

• When WSIS concluded in 2005, there were 1 billion Internet users around the globe. Today, there are more than 5 billion users.

IGF could be used to mobilize the entire Internet community

Supporting facts:

• The Kyoto IGF held in Kyoto last month had more than 9,000 registered participants and discussed nearly every topic on the global digital agenda

Report

The analysis highlights several key points regarding the Global Digital Compact (GDC) and the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS). Firstly, it emphasizes the contribution that the Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD) can make to the GDC as negotiations progress.

With over 20 years of WSIS implementation, the CSTD has accumulated knowledge about digitalisation, making it a valuable resource in shaping the future of the GDC. This positive sentiment is supported by the fact that the CSTD has provided input to open consultations on the GDC.

Furthermore, the analysis underscores the significance of the multi-stakeholder model of Internet Governance and strategies for digital cooperation. Previous discussions and declarations, such as the WSIS and the follow-up WSIS-10, have endorsed and affirmed this model. These discussions and declarations have laid a solid foundation for navigating the complexities of the digital world of the future.

This positive sentiment is based on the fact that the multi-stakeholder model has proven effective in addressing the challenges of Internet Governance. The analysis also highlights the remarkable growth of Internet usage since the establishment of WSIS. Starting with just 1 billion Internet users in 2005, the number has now exceeded 5 billion users globally.

This exponential growth demonstrates the success of the current governing model and affirms the positive impact of the WSIS. This evidence strengthens the argument that the WSIS has played a crucial role in the expansion and accessibility of the Internet.

Another noteworthy observation is the potential of the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) to mobilize the entire Internet community. The recent Kyoto IGF, with over 9,000 registered participants, covered a wide range of topics on the global digital agenda. This illustrates the IGF’s capacity to gather stakeholders and foster dialogue on key issues related to Internet governance.

The analysis suggests leveraging the IGF as a platform for mobilization and collaboration in addressing the challenges of the digital world. Additionally, the analysis suggests that the Global Digital Compact and future summits aim to align the WSIS process more closely with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

By linking these two entities, it is believed that progress towards achieving the SDGs can be accelerated. Looking ahead, the analysis proposes WSIS plus 20 in 2025 as an opportunity to delve into the details of digital cooperation. This suggests that future discussions will focus on addressing the specific challenges and opportunities associated with digital cooperation.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the CSTD’s potential contribution to the GDC, the endorsement of the multi-stakeholder model of Internet Governance, the remarkable growth of Internet usage since the start of WSIS, the mobilization potential of the IGF, and the importance of aligning the WSIS process with the SDGs.

These insights shed light on the significance of the WSIS and its ongoing efforts to shape the digital landscape towards a more inclusive and sustainable future.

Arguments

Shift to digital economy is seen as a driver for economic growth in Eurasian Economic Union.

Supporting facts:

• Outlining main areas for implementing digital agenda until 2025.

• Planning to use a regulatory sandbox framework for controlled experimentation.

Personal data protection is handled at a national level within Union’s member states.

Supporting facts:

• Adjusting laws and approaches to address digital issues.

Internet establishment seen as crucial infrastructure in the global information society.

Supporting facts:

• Discusses the need for an impartial governance system for the internet.

Report

The Eurasian Economic Union regards the transition to a digital economy as a crucial driver for economic growth. To achieve this objective, the Union has outlined key areas for implementing a digital agenda until 2025. This demonstrates the Union’s commitment to embracing digitalization and capitalizing on its potential benefits for economic development.

To facilitate innovation and progress in the digital sector, the Union plans to adopt a regulatory sandbox framework for controlled experimentation. This approach allows for the testing of new technologies and business models in a controlled environment, fostering innovation while ensuring consumer protection and market stability.

Regarding personal data protection, responsibility lies at the national level within the Union’s member states. This indicates a decentralized approach, where individual countries within the Union possess the flexibility to tailor their laws and approaches to address digital issues while safeguarding personal data.

Recognizing the internet as a critical infrastructure in the global information society, the Union emphasizes the requirement for an impartial governance system. This aims to ensure equitable and unrestricted internet access, and to prevent discriminatory practices that may hinder its potential as a tool for social and economic development.

The digitization and establishment of a digital economy are not only seen as drivers of economic growth but are also expected to contribute to the enhancement of socio-economic well-being. By harnessing the power of digital technologies and promoting their adoption across various sectors, the Union aims to create a more inclusive and economically prosperous society.

Addressing the issue of the digital divide is also a priority for the Union. It recognizes the necessity to reduce the gap between those who have access to digital technologies and those who do not. Additionally, to promote responsible conduct in the digital sphere, the Union emphasizes the need to develop criteria for regulating the activities of digital giants.

This implies the need for stricter oversight and regulations to ensure fair competition and consumer protection. In conclusion, the Eurasian Economic Union actively embraces the digital economy, acknowledging its potential for economic growth. Through the outline of a digital agenda, the adoption of a regulatory sandbox framework, and an emphasis on personal data protection, internet governance, and socio-economic well-being, the Union takes steps towards creating a more inclusive, innovative, and responsible digital landscape.

Arguments

Maxime Stauffer is curious about the place of AI governance in the GDC

Supporting facts:

• AI governance is mentioned in the policy brief and in consultations

Report

The analysis examines the perspectives of two individuals, Maxime Stauffer and an unidentified person, on the role of AI governance in the GDC (Global Governance of Data, Algorithms, and Compute). Maxime Stauffer expresses curiosity about the place of AI governance in the GDC and believes it could be a unifying thread encompassing governance of data, algorithms, compute, development of principles for safe AI, and preserving space for innovation.

AI governance is mentioned in the policy brief regarding the GDC, highlighting its importance in global governance. Consultations also address the significance of AI governance, confirming its relevance in GDC discussions. The unidentified person supports Maxime Stauffer’s stance and emphasizes that AI governance is crucial for achieving Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.

This indicates that effective governance of AI has a direct impact on advancements in these areas. Furthermore, the analysis lacks specific supporting evidence for Maxime Stauffer’s perspective. However, it is noteworthy that Maxime Stauffer suggests comprehensive AI governance, covering dimensions such as data, algorithms, compute, and principles for safe AI development.

This implies that AI governance should address various aspects and concerns related to AI. Overall, the analysis underscores the importance of AI governance within the GDC context. The inclusion of AI governance in the policy brief and consultations highlights its significance in global governance discussions.

The viewpoints presented support the idea of comprehensive AI governance to ensure safe and responsible AI development while promoting innovation.

Arguments

Mia appreciates ITU’s arrangement of meetings and UNCTAD for hosting the meeting which gathered members and multi-stakeholders

Global Digital Compact is an integral part of chapter 3, Pact of the Future, but will be negotiated separately and annexed later

Supporting facts:

• The Global Digital Compact is part of the Chapter 3, and will have a reference in that chapter, but it will be negotiated separately as a separate process, and then be annexed to the Pact of the Future.

Negotiations and consultative part of the negotiations will start in February, with a timeline extending to end of June

Report

The analysis delves into various topics, starting with the appreciation expressed towards the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for organizing meetings and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) for hosting them. These meetings successfully brought together members and multiple stakeholders.

Additionally, the analysis highlights the significance of the Global Digital Compact, which is part of Chapter 3, referred to as the Pact of the Future. Although it is an integral part of the chapter, it will undergo separate negotiations and be annexed to the Pact of the Future at a later stage.

This distinct negotiation process ensures focused discussions and proper attention to the Global Digital Compact. The analysis also mentions that negotiations and consultative components are scheduled to commence in February and conclude by the end of June. This timeline provides a structured framework for discussions and decision-making.

Furthermore, the importance of striking a balance between data protection and governance and the free flow of data for economic growth and progress is highlighted. The argument put forth suggests that data protection and governance should be balanced to support economic growth while allowing individuals to have control over the collection, processing, and storage of their data.

This approach acknowledges the need for data protection while considering the potential benefits of open data flows for innovation and development. The supporting evidence underscores the notion that individuals should have control over the collection, processing, and storage of their data, aligning with the principles of privacy and personal autonomy.

Overall, the analysis provides valuable insights into the appreciation for ITU’s meeting arrangements, UNCTAD’s hosting of the meetings, the separate negotiation process for the Global Digital Compact, the timelines for negotiations and consultations, and the importance of balancing data protection with the free flow of data.

These insights contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the discussed topics and their implications for the stakeholders involved in these processes.

Arguments

Data governance is essential to achieve the objectives of the Global Digital Compact

Supporting facts:

• Data governance is expected to outline shared principles for an open, free, and secure digital future for all

Data governance should offer a balance between protection and desirable openness

Supporting facts:

• Data governance should position between necessary protections of sensitive data and personal data, but also a desirable openness

Global data governance should be achieved through a distributed system

Supporting facts:

• Global data governance should be achieved with a distributed system, similar to the technical infrastructure of the internet

Report

Data governance is considered crucial in achieving the goals set forth by the Global Digital Compact. The aim of data governance is to establish a set of shared principles that will ensure an open, free, and secure digital future for all.

It involves implementing guidelines and mechanisms to govern the use, access, and protection of data. The sentiment surrounding the importance of data governance is generally positive, and there are several arguments supporting its significance. One argument is that data governance should strike a delicate balance between safeguarding sensitive and personal data while also encouraging openness.

It is essential to protect data to ensure privacy and security, while also allowing for transparency, access, and innovation. By finding this equilibrium, data governance can create an environment where individuals and organisations can rely on data for various purposes, while having their privacy and security concerns addressed.

Another key point is that global data governance should be achieved through a distributed system, similar to the technical infrastructure of the internet. A distributed system can promote inclusivity and flexibility, enabling participation from multiple stakeholders across different geographical locations.

This approach fosters collaboration and partnership, which are crucial in addressing the complex challenges associated with global data governance. Additionally, the Datasphere Initiative, a non-profit organisation working on data governance, wants to contribute its views and insights to the ongoing data governance process.

This initiative recognises the importance of incorporating diverse perspectives and expertise to ensure effective and comprehensive data governance. Their positive sentiment towards inputting their views indicates a desire for collaboration and inclusivity in shaping data governance policies and practices. In conclusion, data governance plays a vital role in realising the objectives of the Global Digital Compact.

It is perceived as an essential framework for guiding the responsible use and management of data, ensuring a balance between protection and openness. By adopting a distributed system and involving various stakeholders like the Datasphere Initiative, a more comprehensive and effective approach to global data governance can be achieved, paving the way for a secure and sustainable digital future.

Arguments

The governance of data must look beyond privacy and data protection of the individual to include questions of data and the intelligence derived from it, group privacy, and ownership and value of aggregate data

Supporting facts:

• Aggregate data, for instance, the transactions data that Amazon collects, enables companies to make business decisions

• Insights from large swathes of data can affect people who may not have even been involved in that particular data collection exercise

The consultative process in the run-up to the GDC and beyond should ensure actual participation and not become a proxy for multinational entities

Supporting facts:

• Accountability measures for big tech platforms, including their financing and taxation, needs to be established

The GDC should become the moment to ensure the right kind of digitalization and that it should become entrenched in global policy discussions for a shared vision

Report

The governance of data must go beyond concerns about individual privacy and data protection. It is necessary to consider broader issues such as group privacy, ownership, and the value of aggregate data. This includes recognizing the significance of aggregate data, such as the transaction data collected by companies like Amazon, which enables businesses to make informed decisions.

The argument is that the governance of data should incorporate questions surrounding the intelligence derived from data and its impact on individuals who may not have been directly involved in its collection. The consultative process leading up to the establishment of the Global Data Commons (GDC) and beyond should prioritize genuine participation and avoid being influenced by multinational entities.

The aim is to ensure that the process does not become a mere proxy for these entities but rather actively involves stakeholders from various backgrounds. This is particularly important to establish accountability measures for big tech platforms, including issues related to their financing and taxation.

It is believed that the GDC should serve as a platform to address these concerns and foster transparency and responsibility within the digital landscape. The GDC is seen as an opportunity to shape the future of digitalization in a way that aligns with global policy discussions and shared visions.

It is suggested that the GDC should play a key role in promoting the right kind of digitalization, ensuring that it is in line with the values and goals of various international initiatives. By embedding the principles of shared vision, the GDC can help foster a more inclusive and equitable digital ecosystem.

However, there are some concerns about the potential for private corporations to enclose data, especially aggregate data. The argument is made for shared ownership and value of data to prevent the monopolization and exclusive control of data by private entities.

It is important to address these concerns to protect the interests of both individuals and society as a whole. In conclusion, the governance of data should encompass a wider range of considerations beyond individual privacy and data protection. The consultative process leading up to the establishment of the GDC should prioritize genuine participation and avoid being influenced by multinational entities.

The GDC should strive to promote the right kind of digitalization and ensure alignment with global policy discussions and shared visions. Additionally, the shared ownership and value of data, particularly aggregate data, should be emphasized to prevent the exclusive control and monopolization of data by private corporations.

Establishing accountability measures for big tech platforms is crucial in ensuring responsible and transparent practices within the digital realm.

Arguments

The ITU has been actively engaged and supportive in the digital and space issues sector, contributing to the UN Secretary General’s Common Agenda Report and roadmap for digital cooperation

Supporting facts:

• In September of 2021 attention was given to digital and space issues in the UN Secretary General’s Common Agenda Report

There is already a lot of successful and productive work happening within the WSIS ecosystem including the IGF and the WSIS Forum that can be utilized as we move towards the summit of the future

There are new digital divides opening up with the adoption of new technologies which emphasizes the importance of work on infrastructure, capacity building, and access to services

Supporting facts:

• 2.6 billion people remain offline today

• In high-income countries 89% of people have 5G coverage while it is nearly absent in low-income countries

Report

The analysis provides a comprehensive overview of key points related to digital and space issues, highlighting the active engagement and support of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in these sectors. The ITU has contributed to the UN Secretary General’s Common Agenda Report and the roadmap for digital cooperation, demonstrating its commitment to promoting global collaboration in addressing these challenges.

Additionally, the analysis acknowledges the successful work within the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) ecosystem, including the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) and the WSIS Forum. These platforms have facilitated productive discussions and fostered partnerships in digital cooperation, serving as potential models for future summits.

However, the analysis also highlights the emergence of new digital divides associated with the adoption of new technologies. The disparities in infrastructure, capacity building, and access to services are exacerbated by technological advancements. The importance of addressing these issues, particularly in low-income countries, is emphasised.

Investments in infrastructure development, knowledge sharing, and enabling access to digital services are crucial to ensure inclusive and equitable digital development. The analysis includes statistics showing that 2.6 billion people still lack online access and 5G coverage is significantly uneven between high and low-income countries.

Lastly, the analysis showcases the ITU’s commitment to supporting the Global Digital Cooperation (GDC) process. It demonstrates the ITU’s readiness to contribute and collaborate with co-facilitators and Member States. Overall, the analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape of digital and space issues, emphasising the ITU’s role, successful work within the WSIS ecosystem, emerging digital divides, and the ITU’s commitment to global digital cooperation.

Bridging the digital divide through infrastructure development, capacity building, and enhanced access to services is crucial, particularly in low-income countries.

Arguments

Digitalization is a prerequisite for inclusive and sustainable development, crucial for bringing the 2030 agenda back on track.

Supporting facts:

• The pact of the future offers an opportunity to recommit to existing principles and amplify the uptake of the main building blocks of an inclusive policy framework.

The Global Digital Compact (GDC) should reiterate member states’ commitment to bridge digital gaps and promote internet connectivity.

Supporting facts:

• Flexible and forward-looking policy and regulatory approaches can help enable investments across the digital value chain.

The GDC should encourage the maintenance of an open, interconnected, and interoperable internet.

Establishing trust and minimizing disruptions in data flows are important for leveraging benefits of digitalization.

Supporting facts:

• The GDC should call for unjustified obstacles to cross-border data flows to be removed while addressing privacy and data protection.

Inquiry about the interaction between the broader Chapter 3 title that includes science, technology, and innovation and digital cooperation, and the GDC process.

Report

The Global Digital Compact (GDC) aims to drive inclusive and sustainable development through digitalization. It emphasizes the need for member states to bridge digital gaps and promote internet connectivity to ensure universal access to digital resources and opportunities. To achieve this, the GDC calls for flexible and forward-looking policy and regulatory approaches that enable investments across the digital value chain.

The GDC also supports the maintenance of an open, interconnected, and interoperable internet, promoting information exchange and collaboration. In the digital age, data flows are crucial for leveraging the benefits of digitalization. The GDC recognizes the significance of establishing trust and minimizing disruptions in cross-border data flows, while also addressing privacy and data protection concerns.

The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) strongly supports the GDC and advocates for a multistakeholder governance model. Acknowledging the global nature of the internet, the ICC believes that an effective governance model should be open, inclusive, and transparent, allowing diverse voices and perspectives to contribute to policy processes.

Additionally, the GDC process explores the interaction between science, technology, and innovation, and digital cooperation. Understanding this relationship is essential for shaping policies and strategies that promote sustainable development in the digital era. Overall, the GDC presents a vital opportunity to foster inclusive and sustainable development through digitalization.

By addressing digital gaps, promoting internet connectivity, ensuring an open and interoperable internet, and facilitating data flows while considering privacy aspects, the GDC aims to enhance people’s lives and contribute to the achievement of the 2030 agenda. The support for a multistakeholder governance model further strengthens the GDC’s commitment to transparency and inclusivity.

Arguments

United Nations provides a very appropriate platform to develop a global digital compact

Supporting facts:

• Switzerland has been very actively engaging in this process

• Switzerland is convinced about the role of UN

The multi-stakeholder approach is more relevant than ever

Supporting facts:

• We are really living in an age of digital interdependence where silo thinking and top-down approaches are inadequate.

Avoid creation of any duplications in institutions and processes in the digital world

Supporting facts:

• Switzerland supports the development of the GDC based on existing work streams and fora

Appropriate digital governance, including of AI and data governance

Supporting facts:

• Switzerland identified the GDC as an opportunity to gain this

• There is also a need for a responsible handling of new technologies

GDC should build on already existing agreements

Supporting facts:

• The work of the high-level panel on digital cooperation and the UN Secretary-General’s roadmap for digital cooperation are recommended

Report

Switzerland actively supports the development of a Global Digital Compact (GDC) through the United Nations (UN). The country firmly believes that the UN provides an appropriate platform for developing a global digital compact. Switzerland recognizes the importance of addressing the challenges and opportunities of the digital age on a global scale, and it has actively engaged in this process.

In today’s age of digital interdependence, the multi-stakeholder approach is seen as more relevant than ever. Switzerland emphasizes the need to move away from silo thinking and top-down approaches, as they are inadequate for addressing the complexities of the digital world.

Involving multiple stakeholders from different sectors and backgrounds is essential for finding comprehensive and effective solutions. However, Switzerland advises caution to avoid creating duplications in institutions and processes within the digital world. It believes that efforts should be made to harness and build upon existing workstreams and fora, thereby preventing unnecessary overlaps and ensuring a streamlined and efficient approach to digital governance.

Switzerland sees the GDC as an opportunity to address not only the overall governance of the digital sphere but also the specific areas of artificial intelligence (AI) and data governance. The country recognizes the significance of these emerging technologies and the need for responsible handling.

It views the GDC as a means of fostering appropriate digital governance that takes into account the ethical and societal implications of AI and data usage. Furthermore, Switzerland emphasizes the importance of building upon already existing agreements and initiatives to avoid reinventing the wheel.

The work of the high-level panel on digital cooperation and the UN Secretary-General’s roadmap for digital cooperation are seen as valuable resources that can inform the development of the GDC. This approach ensures coherence and compatibility with existing global efforts, facilitating collaboration and progress.

Additionally, Switzerland advocates for a strong focus on human rights online. It underscores the importance of ensuring broad access to new technologies and promoting sustainable development in the digital era. By placing human rights at the forefront of discussions and decision-making processes, Switzerland believes that the GDC can contribute to reducing inequalities and empowering individuals in the digital space.

In conclusion, Switzerland actively supports the development of a Global Digital Compact through the United Nations. It advocates for a multi-stakeholder approach that recognizes the challenges and opportunities of the digital age. Switzerland advises against creating duplications and emphasizes the need for appropriate digital governance, including AI and data governance.

Building upon existing agreements and focusing on human rights online are seen as crucial elements for a successful GDC. By fostering collaboration and addressing ethical considerations, the GDC has the potential to drive positive change in the digital world.

Arguments

Digital infrastructure can be more effective with a regional approach

Supporting facts:

• A regional approach to data infrastructure could lead to economies of scale and use of shared strengths and infrastructure

• Eurasia Union is considering this approach

The ultimate goal of digitization is to improve life

Supporting facts:

• The statement made by the Eurasia Union puts emphasis on improving life rather than just focusing on the digital economy

• Putting people at the center is core to the digitization process

The upcoming digital economy report will focus on the environmental footprints of the emerging digital economy

Supporting facts:

• UNCTAD’s next digital economy report is set to launch in May

• There is a lack of data on this important issue

Report

The Eurasia Union is considering a regional approach to data infrastructure, which has the potential to bring about economies of scale and maximize the utilization of shared strengths and infrastructure. This collaborative effort aims to enhance the effectiveness of digital infrastructure in the region, fostering improved connectivity and technological advancements.

The primary goal of digitization is to enhance the quality of life. The Eurasia Union’s statement emphasizes the importance of prioritizing life improvement rather than solely focusing on the digital economy. Placing people at the center of the digitization process ensures that technology is effectively leveraged to improve quality of life, support well-being, and address societal needs.

The Global Digital Council (GDC) is committed to reducing duplication and efficiently filling gaps in the digital infrastructure system. Their agenda includes identifying and addressing areas of duplication, enhancing efficiency, and ensuring optimal utilization of resources. Involving high-level policymakers is crucial for the success of these initiatives, highlighting the importance of effective collaboration.

UNCTAD is set to launch its upcoming digital economy report in May, with a focus on the environmental footprints associated with the emerging digital economy. This inclusion demonstrates a commitment to responsible consumption and production. The report seeks to address the lack of available data on this important issue and shed light on the environmental impact of the digital economy.

In conclusion, the Eurasia Union’s consideration of a regional approach to data infrastructure has the potential to enhance its effectiveness by capitalizing on economies of scale and shared infrastructure. Furthermore, prioritizing life improvement in digitization efforts ensures that technology serves to improve people’s lives and address societal needs.

The GDC’s commitment to reducing duplication and filling gaps efficiently highlights the importance of collaboration and resource optimization. Lastly, UNCTAD’s upcoming digital economy report emphasizes the need for responsible consumption and production by focusing on the environmental footprints of the emerging digital economy.

Report

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