eTrade for all leadership roundtable: Unlocking digital trade for inclusive development

5 Dec 2023 10:00h - 11:30h UTC

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Paul Donohoe

Digital trade has the potential to significantly boost inclusive and sustainable development by opening up new markets and opportunities for medium and small enterprises in developing countries. Postal sector services play a vital role in making digital trade accessible to a wider audience, enabling more businesses, even in remote areas, to participate in the global market. For instance, the Indonesian post office services approximately 2.1 million small and medium enterprises (SMEs), empowering them to engage in digital trade.

Despite the opportunities digital trade presents, small businesses and enterprises face challenges beyond technology, including language, culture, and local support services. Overcoming these obstacles is crucial to create a more inclusive and diverse digital trade ecosystem. Addressing language and cultural barriers and improving local support services can greatly enhance the participation of small businesses and enterprises in digital trade.

To unlock the full potential of digital trade, it is necessary to establish a robust enabling environment. This includes reliable and secure digital infrastructure, clear regulatory frameworks, and policies that encourage innovation and investment. These elements are essential for fostering a sustainable digital trade ecosystem that benefits all stakeholders.

Promoting digital literacy and ensuring cybersecurity measures are also vital for businesses engaging in digital trade. Enhancing digital literacy skills and protecting digital assets enable businesses to navigate the digital landscape confidently and seize opportunities presented by digital trade.

Partnerships and a holistic approach involving the whole government are crucial in addressing logistical challenges associated with digital trade and driving the development of the digital economy. The Universal Postal Union (UPU) collaborates with member governments to address gaps and challenges in digital trade. Partnerships are also fundamental in fostering an environment that supports inclusive digital trade and facilitates the resolution of growth hindrances.

Efforts are underway to modernize postal services and improve the logistics environment in African countries. The UPU collaborates with the African Union to develop roadmaps for the digitalization of postal services and enhance the logistics environment. These initiatives aim to improve connectivity and contribute to the overall development of digital trade in the region.

It is essential to recognize that digital trade encompasses both digital and physical aspects. While digital connectivity and advancements are crucial, prioritizing and supporting physical jobs alongside digital trade is equally important. By complementing digital trade with physical jobs, a well-rounded and inclusive approach can be achieved, ensuring that the benefits of digital trade are shared among individuals and communities.

In conclusion, digital trade has the potential to foster inclusive and sustainable development by providing new opportunities for small and medium enterprises in developing countries. However, addressing challenges related to language, culture, and local support services is crucial for equal participation. An enabling environment with reliable digital infrastructure, clear regulations, and policies is necessary for successful digital trade implementation. Promoting digital literacy and ensuring cybersecurity are essential for businesses engaging in digital trade. Partnerships and a whole-of-government approach are vital for addressing logistical challenges and developing the digital economy. Efforts to modernize postal services and enhance the logistics environment in African countries are also ongoing. Finally, maintaining a balance between digital and physical jobs in the digital trade ecosystem is important for an inclusive and sustainable approach.

Isabelle Kumar

Isabelle Kumar, an advocate for inclusive digital transformation, emphasises the crucial role of trade as part of the solution. She believes that trade can contribute to achieving inclusive digital transformation by safeguarding rights, promoting inclusivity, and protecting business interests across different sectors. This highlights the need for digital transformation initiatives to prioritise the welfare and opportunities of all stakeholders.

In her discussions with Mia Seppo from the International Labour Organization (ILO), Isabelle Kumar underscores the importance of achieving digital transformation while protecting workers’ rights and opportunities. This dialogue aims to build recommendations for a progressive digital trade environment that ensures decent work and economic growth. By considering the impact on workers, it seeks to mitigate any negative consequences of digital innovation.

ARIA, an international organisation focusing on ASEAN and East Asia, plays a vital role in the digital transformation landscape. They conduct academic research to identify areas for improvement and advantages, providing evidence-based policy recommendations. Their contributions help accelerate discussions in international meetings such as the G20 or G7, facilitating the formulation of informed policies.

Recognising the significance of digital innovation and sustainable economies, ARIA is establishing a new centre for collaboration between policymakers and businesses. By gathering opinions from the business sector, the centre aims to identify barriers hindering progress in the digital sphere. Additionally, ARIA focuses on strengthening start-ups in ASEAN, contributing to the development of sustainable and innovative economies.

Isabelle Kumar acknowledges the importance of measuring digital trade in evaluating the effectiveness of policies. She highlights her discussions with the World Bank on their work in Africa and mentions a handbook that provides guidance on measuring digital trade. By emphasising the need for measurement, Isabelle stresses the importance of evidence-based decision-making in shaping digital trade policies.

There is a question regarding the feasibility and impact of introducing artificial intelligence (AI) in developing countries, particularly with regard to worker rights. This raises concerns about potential inequalities and job displacement resulting from the adoption of AI-driven digital transformations. Isabelle Kumar expresses her curiosity about how the ILO plans to address these challenges and protect workers’ rights in this era of technological advancement.

Overall, the discussions and engagements led by Isabelle Kumar and the involvement of organizations such as ARIA and the ILO underline the importance of an inclusive, rights-based, and evidence-informed approach in achieving digital transformation that benefits all stakeholders.

Rebeca Grynspan

The argument of various perspectives analysed is that digital trade has the potential to contribute to inclusive development. It is highlighted that digital technologies are reshaping various industries, and digitally deliverable services accounted for 55% of global services exports in 2022. These facts support the positive sentiment towards the potential of digital trade.

However, significant disparities exist in the share of digital trade between developed and developing economies. The share of digitally deliverable services for developed countries was higher at 60%, whereas for developing economies, it was 45%, and for the least developed countries, it was only 17%. This evidence supports the negative sentiment expressed in one of the perspectives, emphasizing the existing disparities in digital trade.

Partnerships are argued to play an indispensable role in addressing these disparities. The E-Trade for All initiative is highlighted as a prime example of such partnerships, which emphasizes the power of collaboration. It is mentioned that since its launch in 2016, the initiative’s membership has grown from 14 to 35 members. This evidence supports the positive sentiment expressed towards partnerships in addressing disparities in digital trade.

Furthermore, it is argued that more efforts are needed to strengthen the capacity of developing countries to benefit from digital trade. It is noted that the readiness and ability to engage in digital trade vary substantially across countries. The potential negative impact of unaddressed disparities in digital trade is also highlighted, as it could worsen inequalities rather than bridging them. This argument is supported by the negative sentiment expressed in one of the perspectives.

In addition to these main points and arguments, it is mentioned that a coordinated global effort will be necessary to prevent the deepening of pre-existing disparities and ensure that opportunities are evenly distributed. This effort will involve policies, investments, resources, rules, and good governance. The importance of global cooperation and coordination is emphasized to achieve equality and opportunity for all.

Overall, the perspectives analysed emphasize the potential of digital trade for inclusive development but also highlight the existing disparities between developed and developing economies. Partnerships, along with strengthening the capacity of developing countries, are emphasized as key strategies to address these disparities. It is argued that a coordinated global effort involving various factors is necessary to prevent further deepening of disparities and ensure equal opportunities for all. The significance of global cooperation and coordination is underscored in achieving these goals.

Mia Seppo

Regulating digital platforms is crucial for protecting labour rights, ensuring fair working conditions, and providing social protection. The process involves reviewing existing legislation, laws, and practices to ensure that they are adequate in the digital age. Additionally, new forms of regulation, such as collective bargaining agreements, are emerging to address the unique challenges posed by digital platforms.

International policy dialogue and coordination are essential when it comes to regulating digital platforms. These platforms operate across multiple jurisdictions, making it necessary for countries to work together and address the complexities involved. The International Labour Organization (ILO) recognizes the importance of international cooperation in effectively regulating digital platforms.

The ILO strongly advocates for targeted support to micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) to help them access the digital economy. Without addressing the skills gaps and digital divide, there will be an uneven playing field. As part of this effort, the ILO has partnered with Microsoft to support 30,000 female entrepreneurs in 10 countries, enabling them to access the digital market.

Social dialogue is seen by the ILO as a key tool in ensuring fair competition and decent work. By bringing together workers, employers, and government representatives, social dialogue helps establish and maintain fair competition practices and ensures workers’ rights are protected.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is expected to have a significant impact on the organization of work. The ILO is conducting research and analysis to deepen understanding of how AI can be incorporated into the workplace in a way that ensures productivity, enhances innovation, upholds workers’ rights, prevents discriminatory practices, and promotes smooth transitions.

While there is fear of job substitution by AI, the ILO suggests this concern may be overemphasized. A study conducted by the ILO in 2023 showed that the impact of automation on total employment is expected to be 5.5% in northern countries and 0.4% in low-income countries. These figures indicate that the impact of AI on job substitution may not be as significant as feared.

AI is also expected to impact the quality of jobs. It may affect work intensity and autonomy, but it can also provide more opportunities for engaging work without limiting workers’ agency and voice. The ILO emphasizes the importance of monitoring and regulating AI to ensure its impact on work quality is positive.

The ILO supports the regulation of AI, taking into account its effect on working conditions. Mia Seppo, Director of the ILO Office for Coordination in the Arab States, suggests using existing mechanisms for social dialogue and tripartite consultations to ensure orderly, fair, and consultative transitions.

The ILO is also commencing the process of creating the first global instrument regarding labor laws and work organization. This instrument will address changes in labor organization, definitional issues of contractual status and workers. Ideally, this process will conclude by 2026, after starting at the 113th International Labour Conference in 2025.

Worker well-being and occupational safety and health are identified as fundamental labor rights by the ILO. Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic have led to a renewed focus on protecting worker well-being. The ILO is actively working with member states to ensure the ratification and implementation of measures that promote worker well-being and occupational safety.

In conclusion, the ILO recognizes the need for regulating digital platforms to safeguard labour rights, fair working conditions, and social protection. The complexities involved call for international policy dialogue and coordination. The organization also emphasizes the importance of supporting MSMEs in accessing the digital economy and addressing the potential impact of AI on the organization of work. Social dialogue, AI regulation, and inclusive policymaking are key aspects of the ILO’s approach. By creating a global instrument for labor laws and work organization, the ILO aims to address the emerging challenges and ensure the protection of worker well-being.

Anna Joubin Bret

In the analysis, the speakers discuss various aspects of the digital economy and its impact on trade. One of the key points raised is the importance of building trust in the digital economy. The speakers highlight that trust is crucial for successful transactions, particularly in e-commerce where traders need to establish transactional rules to ensure trustworthiness. This implies that trust is a foundational element for the growth and sustainability of the digital economy.

Another aspect discussed is the emergence of new types of commodities in the digital economy. The speakers mention digital assets, cryptocurrencies, data, and carbon credits as examples of these new commodities. This highlights the evolving nature of trade in the digital economy and the need for appropriate frameworks to govern the trading of these commodities. It is pointed out that existing legal rules may not be applicable to these new forms of trade and commodities. Therefore, there is a need for the development of legal frameworks tailored to the digital economy.

The importance of legal frameworks for thriving digital trade is emphasized. The speakers mention specific efforts by Joubin-Bret’s organization in developing frameworks for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), digital identity and trust services, and electronically transferable records. This highlights the need for legal regulations to support and enable digital trade, particularly for MSMEs.

Gender equality in legal frameworks for digital trade is also discussed. It is noted that the UNCITRAL does not differentiate between men and women in their legal frameworks. However, it is highlighted that UNCITRAL indirectly caters to specific issues faced by women through its dedicated frameworks and work for MSMEs. This suggests that efforts are being made to address gender-related challenges in the digital economy.

Challenges faced by women entrepreneurs and MSMEs in digital trade are highlighted. Moving from the informal to the formal economy and access to credit are identified as two major challenges. It is pointed out that until businesses become formal, they cannot fully benefit from government laws and policies, and access to credit is crucial for business sustainability. Therefore, addressing these challenges is essential for promoting women entrepreneurs’ participation and success in digital trade.

In terms of the future of trade, it is observed that digital trade is taking over from e-commerce. The speakers emphasize that the current generation is more inclined towards digital trade, considering it the future of commerce. This shift in focus indicates the growing importance of digital trade as a key driver of economic growth and development.

The significance of partnerships in the digital economy is also underscored. The speakers highlight the importance of partnerships for achieving the goals of the digital economy. While no specific evidence or arguments are provided to support this point, it is noted as a noteworthy observation.

In conclusion, the analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the discussions on the digital economy and trade. It highlights the key points made by the speakers, including the importance of trust, the need for legal frameworks tailored to the digital economy, challenges faced by women entrepreneurs and MSMEs, the growing prominence of digital trade, and the significance of partnerships. The analysis provides valuable insights into the current landscape of the digital economy and the factors shaping its growth and development.

Audience

Experts predict that digital trade is gaining momentum and may surpass e-commerce in the future. This transition to digital trade has significant implications for the economy, driven by technological advancements and the increasing reliance on digital platforms for business transactions. However, concerns arise about the digital divide between developed and developing countries. Current statistics reveal that 82% of electronic trade occurs in developed countries, highlighting a substantial disparity. Moreover, only 360 million individuals worldwide have computer access, indicating a lack of technological infrastructure in many regions. This digital divide hinders the participation of developing countries in the global digital economy.

To address this issue, experts advocate for a global digital compact and collaborative efforts. By promoting digital inclusion and bridging the digital divide, these initiatives aim to ensure equal opportunities for all countries to engage in the digital economy. This not only reduces inequalities but also contributes to the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Additionally, the rise of the digital economy brings new challenges for workers. Increased reliance on technology leads to more sedentary lifestyles, resulting in potential health issues. Prolonged exposure to computers and gadgets can have detrimental effects on physical and mental well-being. Consequently, there is a call to develop or adjust labour rules to protect workers in the digital economy. These regulations should address the changing nature of work and safeguard workers against the potential risks associated with sedentary jobs.

In conclusion, digital trade is becoming a dominant force in the global economy, potentially surpassing e-commerce. However, the digital divide between developed and developing countries presents a significant challenge to achieving inclusive growth. Bridging this gap requires collaborative initiatives and the creation of a global digital compact. Additionally, prioritising the well-being of workers in the digital economy necessitates the establishment of appropriate labour rules. Taking a comprehensive approach will enable the harnessing of digital trade’s benefits while ensuring equitable participation and safeguarding workers’ health and rights.

Pradeep S. Mehta

Developing and implementing inclusive digital trade policies is crucial for aiding the Global South. India’s successful Digital India Initiative serves as an example of the positive impact of such policies. Through this initiative, India has achieved significant progress in digital trade and information and communication technology (ICT) development. Furthermore, India is committed to sharing its digital public infrastructure with developing countries, demonstrating its dedication to supporting the Global South.

With the growth of the digital economy, cybersecurity becomes increasingly relevant. The potential for digital warfare through cyberspace poses a significant threat to digital systems, highlighting the need for robust cybersecurity measures. Prioritising cybersecurity is essential to protect digital infrastructure and ensure the continued growth and stability of the digital economy.

Strong telecommunications infrastructure is vital for a robust digital economy. Without a reliable and efficient telecommunications setup, a digital economy cannot thrive. Therefore, investments in telecommunications infrastructure are essential to support digital trade and enable seamless digital connectivity.

Broadband infrastructure is another critical input for the digital economy. South Korea has successfully implemented strong broadband infrastructure, resulting in enhanced access to digital services and improved digital connectivity. Robust broadband infrastructure plays a fundamental role in supporting digital trade and fostering economic growth.

Hardware investment is often overlooked but plays a crucial role in driving digital advancement and ensuring the sustainability of digital ecosystems. While software development often takes the spotlight, investment in physical infrastructure, such as data centres and servers, serves as the foundation for digital progress.

Smartphones are transforming the digital divide, particularly in rural areas. In India, for example, a group of rural women has successfully accessed global markets through e-commerce platforms using smartphones. As smartphone prices decrease, they become more accessible to marginalized communities, bridging the digital divide and providing opportunities for economic empowerment.

Civil society and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in shaping a fair and inclusive digital environment. Organizations like CUTS actively advocate for inclusive digital trade policies and work on the ground to contextualise these policies to the needs of marginalized communities. Their research and advocacy efforts contribute to creating a more equitable digital landscape.

Training and capacity-building initiatives carried out by civil society and NGOs are essential for creating a fair and sustainable digital environment. In India, for instance, extra-departmental agents have been trained to be computer-savvy to operate e-kiosks and manage various online services. These initiatives, happening across thousands of villages, empower underprivileged communities by equipping them with digital skills and access to digital services.

Addressing the digital divide requires persistence and patience. It is crucial to avoid underestimating the common sense of ordinary people, as they often come up with innovative solutions that experts may not have considered. By involving and empowering underprivileged populations in the development of the digital economy, we can ensure that digital advancements are inclusive and equitable.

Access to banking services is critical for economic growth. India has made significant progress in this regard, with one of the most banked populations in the world. Rural workers, acting as banking correspondents, play a significant role in providing banking services and contributing to rural development.

Collaboration relevant to e-commerce includes competition policy. In partnership with organizations like UNCTAD and WTO, events such as World Competition Day promote open discussions and participation in shaping competition policies for e-commerce.

To overcome the digital divide and facilitate development, governments in developing countries should prioritize spending on digitization. Digitization is an enabling tool that can help individuals overcome poverty and generate additional income. India’s successful implementation of digitization, connecting every village digitally, serves as a testament to the transformative power of government prioritization.

In conclusion, developing and implementing inclusive digital trade policies, investing in robust infrastructure, ensuring cybersecurity, and bridging the digital divide are crucial for aiding the Global South and promoting sustainable economic growth. Collaboration among governments, civil society, and NGOs is essential for creating a fair, inclusive, and secure digital environment. Prioritizing digitization efforts can lead to positive outcomes and contribute to building a more prosperous future for all.

Koji Hachiyama

The analysis reveals several key findings about ARIA, an economic research institute and international organization. Firstly, ARIA provides policy recommendations to meetings in ASEAN and East Asia, as well as influential gatherings such as the G20 and G7. This highlights the significance of ARIA’s role in shaping economic policies and fostering collaboration among these regions.

Furthermore, ARIA places a strong emphasis on supporting startups in ASEAN, recognizing their potential as major players in the future. They actively organize events and activities aimed at establishing a vibrant startup ecosystem in ASEAN and East Asia, which showcases ARIA’s commitment to economic growth and innovation.

In line with their focus on innovation, ARIA has recently established a new centre for digital innovation and sustainable economies. This center serves as a platform for collaboration between policymakers and business sectors, fostering partnerships that promote digital innovation and advance sustainable economic practices. This demonstrates ARIA’s dedication to addressing modern challenges and harnessing the potential of digital economies.

The analysis also highlights the importance of inclusivity and addressing gender issues. Research findings show that the gender divide has increased due to the impact of COVID-19. This underscores the need for ARIA and other organizations to prioritize inclusiveness and gender equality in their policy recommendations and initiatives, ensuring that all members of society can benefit from economic growth and development.

Additionally, the analysis suggests that rules and regulations should not be confined to specific regions. Instead, they should be inclusive and applicable to a broader context, promoting peace, justice, and strong institutions. This observation emphasizes the importance of fostering collaboration and harmonizing regulations at a global level.

Lastly, the analysis brings attention to the significance of changing mindsets. While specific evidence or arguments are not provided in this regard, it suggests that adopting a more open and adaptable mindset is crucial in navigating complex economic and social challenges.

In conclusion, ARIA’s work focuses on providing policy recommendations and evidence through economic research, primarily targeting ASEAN and East Asia. Their efforts include strengthening startups, establishing a centre for digital innovation and sustainable economies, and promoting inclusivity and gender equality. The analysis highlights the need for global collaboration, inclusive regulations, and a mindset shift to effectively address current and future challenges.

Angela Paolini Ellard

Digital trade is widely recognized as a powerful driver of economic growth and development. It has the potential to fuel economic prosperity at all levels and is viewed as an engine of growth. This is supported by the fact that digital trade affects every aspect of trade and commerce. In fact, it is currently impossible to engage in trade without being involved in digital trade. The positive sentiment surrounding digital trade emphasizes its ability to create opportunities for businesses and individuals alike.

However, one major challenge in the digital era is the existence of the digital divide. This divide can be observed at practical and governmental levels. This means that not everyone has equal access to digital technologies and the internet, leaving some individuals and communities at a disadvantage. The negative sentiment surrounding the digital divide highlights this as a real issue that needs urgent attention. Efforts should be made to bridge this divide and ensure that everyone has equal access to the opportunities presented by the digital world.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) plays a significant role in the digital trade landscape. It aims to establish updated rules and regulations to govern digital trade. Existing WTO rules are considered outdated and not aligned with the current digital system. To assist countries at all stages of development in reaping the benefits of digital trade, the WTO engages in technical assistance and capacity-building programs. The positive sentiment is driven by the recognition of the need for comprehensive rules and guidelines to govern the evolving field of digital trade.

One specific area of contention is the collection of customs duties on e-commerce. Many members of the WTO believe that a continuous moratorium on the collection of customs duties is essential to promoting digital trade. This view is based on the argument that imposing duties on e-commerce does not generate significant revenue, as studies, including those conducted with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), have shown. Furthermore, it is argued that there are more efficient ways of collecting revenue. However, there are opposing views as well, with some arguing against the collection of customs duties on e-commerce. It is highlighted that the existing studies show that imposing duties on e-commerce does not yield substantial revenue. Additionally, it is believed that more effective methods of revenue collection can be utilized.

In order to facilitate digital trade, a strong emphasis is placed on developing connectivity infrastructure and regulatory frameworks. This includes addressing practical issues related to hardware as well as establishing robust privacy and liability regulations. It is recognized that without the necessary infrastructure and regulations in place, achieving the full potential of digital trade will be challenging.

Another aspect that is considered necessary for the successful facilitation of digital trade is skill development. It is argued that alongside promoting digital trade, there should be a focus on building and enhancing the skills required to effectively engage in digital trade. This positive sentiment recognizes the importance of providing individuals with the necessary knowledge and competencies to navigate the digital landscape.

Africa has adopted an incremental approach in addressing digital trade issues. This involves identifying the specific challenges, implementing pilot programs to test potential solutions, and then expanding successful initiatives. This positive sentiment reflects a practical and measured approach to tackling the complex issues surrounding digital trade in the African context.

Partnerships are seen as essential in leveraging the benefits of digital trade. It is emphasized that partnerships should involve national governments, the private sector, and civil society. This promotes collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and synergy among different stakeholders. The positive sentiment towards partnerships recognizes the importance of collective efforts in effectively utilizing digital trade for sustainable development.

In conclusion, digital trade is widely regarded as a powerful driver of economic growth, with the potential to bridge inequalities and empower communities. However, the digital divide remains a significant challenge that needs to be addressed. The establishment of updated rules and regulations to govern digital trade is crucial, and the World Trade Organization plays a central role in this regard. The collection of customs duties on e-commerce is a debated issue, and the development of connectivity infrastructure and regulatory frameworks is essential. Skill development should be prioritized in conjunction with facilitating digital trade. Africa is taking an incremental approach to tackle digital trade issues, and partnerships are recognized as vital in properly utilizing digital trade for sustainable development.

Dorothy Tembo

In today’s turbulent times, digital connectivity has taken center stage for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the field of trade. The COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the adoption of digital technologies, leading to an increased focus on digital trade initiatives by governments, private sector entities, and development organizations. This positive sentiment demonstrates the recognition of digital connectivity as a central aspect of SMEs’ trade operations.

However, SMEs face significant challenges in adapting to digital trade. The first challenge is the lack of access to appropriate market opportunities, hindering their growth potential. Additionally, the lack of management skills and capabilities in unfamiliar market spaces poses a substantial obstacle. SMEs must develop the necessary skills to succeed in new digital trade environments. Furthermore, the absence of information on how to leverage digital trade exacerbates the difficulties faced by SMEs. Finally, accessibility to support services and finance is also a key challenge for SMEs.

To address these challenges, the International Trade Centre (ITC) takes a comprehensive approach. They focus on creating a trade-enabling environment, working on policy aspects and supporting micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). The ITC aims to facilitate SMEs’ interactions with local and international markets. This positive stance towards supporting SMEs aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals).

Partnerships play a vital role in supporting SMEs and scaling up initiatives. The ITC has formed partnerships with notable entities such as Alibaba, CAVA, and others. Their targeted initiative called ‘SwitchOn’ aims to reach out to 20,000 entrepreneurs by 2025. Collaboration and partnership among stakeholders is essential to address the breadth of issues in digital trade.

Leveraging resources and expertise is critical for sustainable digital trade. The ITC advocates for an integrated approach that goes beyond specific mandates and focuses on addressing systemic issues in digital trade infrastructure. Inclusiveness is another key aspect that emerges from the analysis. The ITC promotes inclusiveness in digital trade by involving individuals who do not traditionally participate in such processes.

Collaboration remains crucial for achieving objectives in digital trade. The ITC has collaborated with organizations like CAVA, GSMA, and the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development. Ongoing and potential future collaborations are instrumental in achieving desired outcomes in digital trade.

Partnerships are crucial for ensuring access to information and support for digital trade. The importance of providing the right information to support decision-making is emphasized. Additionally, there is a call for innovative approaches to bridge the digital gender gap, ensuring equal access and opportunities for women in the digital trade sector.

In conclusion, this expanded summary highlights the growing reliance on digital connectivity for SMEs in trade, particularly due to the COVID-19 crisis. It identifies the challenges faced by SMEs in adopting digital trade and emphasizes the efforts of the ITC to address these challenges through a comprehensive approach and partnerships. Collaboration, inclusiveness, and customized solutions are identified as critical for achieving sustainable and equitable digital trade.

Speakers

Angela Paolini Ellard

Speech speed

157 words per minute

Speech length

1404 words

Speech time

538 secs

Arguments

Digital trade is an engine of growth.

Supporting facts:

Digital trade affects all levels of development and is a strong engine for growth.

There’s no way currently to engage in trade unless involved in digital trade.

Topics: Digital Trade, Growth

The digital divide is real.

Supporting facts:

The divide can be seen in both practical and government levels.

Topics: Digital Divide, Development

The WTO aims to establish rules on digital trade.

Supporting facts:

Existing WTO rules are old and don’t fit the current system.

The WTO is engaged in technical assistance and capacity-building to help countries at all levels of development take advantage of digital trade benefits.

Topics: WTO, Digital Trade, Rules

A moratorium on the collection of customs duties on e-commerce is vital to the growth of digital trade.

Supporting facts:

The moratorium is set to expire at the WTO’s ministerial meeting in February.

Many members believe that a continuous moratorium on the collection of customs duties is essential to promoting digital trade.

Topics: Digital Trade, Customs Duties, E-commerce

Emphasis on developing the connectivity infrastructure and regulatory framework for facilitating digital trade

Supporting facts:

Focus on practical issues like hardware and regulatory framework

Importance of privacy and liability

Topics: Digital trade, Regulatory framework, Infrastructure

Incremental approach towards addressing digital trade issues in Africa

Supporting facts:

Joint policy note with the World Bank

Three step approach: identifying issues, implementing pilot programs, expansion

Topics: Africa, Digital trade

Need for rules in digital trade

Supporting facts:

Digital trade covers every single aspect of trade

Topics: Digital trade, E-commerce

Digital trade is a great opportunity for empowerment and to help communities

Supporting facts:

Digital trade could help fix some mistakes of trade in the past

It can help developed members with pockets of poverty and least developed countries

Topics: Digital trade, Empowerment, Community development

Report

In fact, it is currently impossible to engage in trade without being involved in digital trade. The positive sentiment surrounding digital trade emphasizes its ability to create opportunities for businesses and individuals alike. However, one major challenge in the digital era is the existence of the digital divide.

This divide can be observed at practical and governmental levels. This means that not everyone has equal access to digital technologies and the internet, leaving some individuals and communities at a disadvantage. The negative sentiment surrounding the digital divide highlights this as a real issue that needs urgent attention.

Efforts should be made to bridge this divide and ensure that everyone has equal access to the opportunities presented by the digital world. The World Trade Organization (WTO) plays a significant role in the digital trade landscape. It aims to establish updated rules and regulations to govern digital trade.

Existing WTO rules are considered outdated and not aligned with the current digital system. To assist countries at all stages of development in reaping the benefits of digital trade, the WTO engages in technical assistance and capacity-building programs. The positive sentiment is driven by the recognition of the need for comprehensive rules and guidelines to govern the evolving field of digital trade.

Furthermore, it is argued that there are more efficient ways of collecting revenue. However, there are opposing views as well, with some arguing against the collection of customs duties on e-commerce. It is highlighted that the existing studies show that imposing duties on e-commerce does not yield substantial revenue.

Additionally, it is believed that more effective methods of revenue collection can be utilized. In order to facilitate digital trade, a strong emphasis is placed on developing connectivity infrastructure and regulatory frameworks. This includes addressing practical issues related to hardware as well as establishing robust privacy and liability regulations.

It is recognized that without the necessary infrastructure and regulations in place, achieving the full potential of digital trade will be challenging. Another aspect that is considered necessary for the successful facilitation of digital trade is skill development. It is argued that alongside promoting digital trade, there should be a focus on building and enhancing the skills required to effectively engage in digital trade.

This positive sentiment recognizes the importance of providing individuals with the necessary knowledge and competencies to navigate the digital landscape. Africa has adopted an incremental approach in addressing digital trade issues. This involves identifying the specific challenges, implementing pilot programs to test potential solutions, and then expanding successful initiatives.

This positive sentiment reflects a practical and measured approach to tackling the complex issues surrounding digital trade in the African context. Partnerships are seen as essential in leveraging the benefits of digital trade. It is emphasized that partnerships should involve national governments, the private sector, and civil society.

This promotes collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and synergy among different stakeholders. The positive sentiment towards partnerships recognizes the importance of collective efforts in effectively utilizing digital trade for sustainable development. In conclusion, digital trade is widely regarded as a powerful driver of economic growth, with the potential to bridge inequalities and empower communities.

However, the digital divide remains a significant challenge that needs to be addressed. The establishment of updated rules and regulations to govern digital trade is crucial, and the World Trade Organization plays a central role in this regard. The collection of customs duties on e-commerce is a debated issue, and the development of connectivity infrastructure and regulatory frameworks is essential.

Skill development should be prioritized in conjunction with facilitating digital trade. Africa is taking an incremental approach to tackle digital trade issues, and partnerships are recognized as vital in properly utilizing digital trade for sustainable development.

Anna Joubin Bret

Speech speed

154 words per minute

Speech length

1270 words

Speech time

496 secs

Arguments

Building trust is crucial in the digital economy.

Supporting facts:

When e-commerce started appearing, traders had to identify who they were trading to, what they were trading, and establish some transactional rules to make sure that the transaction can be trusted.

Topics: digital trade, e-commerce, online platforms

In the digital economy, new types of commodities are being traded.

Supporting facts:

In the digital economy, traders are dealing with new commodities like digital assets, cryptocurrencies, data, and carbon credits.

Topics: digital assets, cryptocurrencies, data, AI, carbon credits

Existing legal rules of trade may not be applicable to digital economy.

Supporting facts:

Legal frameworks need to be developed for new forms of trade and commodities, such as digital assets and carbon credits.

Topics: trade laws, digital economy, e-commerce

The law is for everyone and doesn’t single out particular actors or sectors

Supporting facts:

When harmonizing, policy priorities are not easy to incorporate into a model law on digital trade.

Topics: Law, Digital Trade, Inclusivity

Special attention to women or men entrepreneurs is not payed in UNCITRAL’s legal frameworks

Supporting facts:

UNCITRAL doesn’t differentiate between men and women in their legal frameworks for digital trade.

Topics: UNCITRAL, Entrepreneurs, Women, Men

Two major challenges for women entrepreneurs and MSMEs in digital trade are moving from informal to formal economy and access to credit

Supporting facts:

Until businesses become formal, they cannot benefit from government laws and policies.

Access to credit is key for business sustainability.

Topics: Women Entrepreneurs, Digital Trade, Formal Economy, Credit Access

Digital trade is taking over from e-commerce

Supporting facts:

Digital trade involves trading platforms, forming what is called the ‘platform economy’

Digital trade focuses on trading digital goods and digital assets

Topics: E-commerce, Digital Trade, Digital Economy

Partnerships are extremely important

Topics: Partnerships, Value addition

Report

This implies that trust is a foundational element for the growth and sustainability of the digital economy. Another aspect discussed is the emergence of new types of commodities in the digital economy. The speakers mention digital assets, cryptocurrencies, data, and carbon credits as examples of these new commodities.

This highlights the evolving nature of trade in the digital economy and the need for appropriate frameworks to govern the trading of these commodities. It is pointed out that existing legal rules may not be applicable to these new forms of trade and commodities.

Therefore, there is a need for the development of legal frameworks tailored to the digital economy. The importance of legal frameworks for thriving digital trade is emphasized. The speakers mention specific efforts by Joubin-Bret’s organization in developing frameworks for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), digital identity and trust services, and electronically transferable records.

This highlights the need for legal regulations to support and enable digital trade, particularly for MSMEs. Gender equality in legal frameworks for digital trade is also discussed. It is noted that the UNCITRAL does not differentiate between men and women in their legal frameworks.

However, it is highlighted that UNCITRAL indirectly caters to specific issues faced by women through its dedicated frameworks and work for MSMEs. This suggests that efforts are being made to address gender-related challenges in the digital economy. Challenges faced by women entrepreneurs and MSMEs in digital trade are highlighted.

Moving from the informal to the formal economy and access to credit are identified as two major challenges. It is pointed out that until businesses become formal, they cannot fully benefit from government laws and policies, and access to credit is crucial for business sustainability.

Therefore, addressing these challenges is essential for promoting women entrepreneurs’ participation and success in digital trade. In terms of the future of trade, it is observed that digital trade is taking over from e-commerce. The speakers emphasize that the current generation is more inclined towards digital trade, considering it the future of commerce.

This shift in focus indicates the growing importance of digital trade as a key driver of economic growth and development. The significance of partnerships in the digital economy is also underscored. The speakers highlight the importance of partnerships for achieving the goals of the digital economy.

While no specific evidence or arguments are provided to support this point, it is noted as a noteworthy observation. In conclusion, the analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the discussions on the digital economy and trade. It highlights the key points made by the speakers, including the importance of trust, the need for legal frameworks tailored to the digital economy, challenges faced by women entrepreneurs and MSMEs, the growing prominence of digital trade, and the significance of partnerships.

The analysis provides valuable insights into the current landscape of the digital economy and the factors shaping its growth and development.

Audience

Speech speed

132 words per minute

Speech length

603 words

Speech time

275 secs

Report

However, concerns arise about the digital divide between developed and developing countries. Current statistics reveal that 82% of electronic trade occurs in developed countries, highlighting a substantial disparity. Moreover, only 360 million individuals worldwide have computer access, indicating a lack of technological infrastructure in many regions.

This digital divide hinders the participation of developing countries in the global digital economy. To address this issue, experts advocate for a global digital compact and collaborative efforts. By promoting digital inclusion and bridging the digital divide, these initiatives aim to ensure equal opportunities for all countries to engage in the digital economy.

This not only reduces inequalities but also contributes to the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Additionally, the rise of the digital economy brings new challenges for workers. Increased reliance on technology leads to more sedentary lifestyles, resulting in potential health issues.

Prolonged exposure to computers and gadgets can have detrimental effects on physical and mental well-being. Consequently, there is a call to develop or adjust labour rules to protect workers in the digital economy. These regulations should address the changing nature of work and safeguard workers against the potential risks associated with sedentary jobs.

Additionally, prioritising the well-being of workers in the digital economy necessitates the establishment of appropriate labour rules. Taking a comprehensive approach will enable the harnessing of digital trade’s benefits while ensuring equitable participation and safeguarding workers’ health and rights.

Dorothy Tembo

Speech speed

164 words per minute

Speech length

1808 words

Speech time

661 secs

Arguments

In turbulent times, digital connectivity has come to the center of trade for SMEs

Supporting facts:

They work particularly on enabling SMEs to interact with local and international markets

COVID-19 crisis has seen government and private sector and development organizations putting in place digital-focused initiatives

Topics: SMEs, Digital trade, COVID-19

There are four main challenges faced by SMEs

Supporting facts:

Lack of access to appropriate market opportunities is a challenge

Management skills and capabilities in a new market space is a challenge

Lack of information about how to take advantage of digital trade is a challenge

Accessibility to other support services and finance is a challenge

Topics: SMEs, Market opportunities, Management skills, Information, Financial access

Partnership is essential to address the breadth of issues in digital trade.

Supporting facts:

Issues in digital trade spread across different segments of stakeholders

No single entity can deal with the issues alone

Topics: international cooperation, digital trade, partnership

Leveraging resources, expertise is critical for sustainable digital trade.

Topics: capacity building, sustainable digital trade, financial perspective, technical expertise

An integrated approach is needed to address systemic issues in digital trade infrastructure.

Supporting facts:

Trade assistance should go beyond specific mandates and address broader issues

An integrated approach can help institutions understand the breadth of issues needed to be addressed

Topics: e-trade, integrated approach, infrastructure

Ongoing and potential new collaborations are crucial for achieving objectives in digital trade.

Supporting facts:

Has worked with CAVA and GSMA

Co-chairs a joint working group under the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development

Topics: collaboration, CAVA, GSMA, Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development

Partnerships are crucial for ensuring access to information and support for digital trade

Supporting facts:

Mentioned importance of making sure that miss means have access to right information to support decision making

Stressed on finding innovative ways to close the digital gender gap

Topics: Digital Trade, Partnerships, Innovation

Report

This positive sentiment demonstrates the recognition of digital connectivity as a central aspect of SMEs’ trade operations. However, SMEs face significant challenges in adapting to digital trade. The first challenge is the lack of access to appropriate market opportunities, hindering their growth potential.

Additionally, the lack of management skills and capabilities in unfamiliar market spaces poses a substantial obstacle. SMEs must develop the necessary skills to succeed in new digital trade environments. Furthermore, the absence of information on how to leverage digital trade exacerbates the difficulties faced by SMEs.

Finally, accessibility to support services and finance is also a key challenge for SMEs. To address these challenges, the International Trade Centre (ITC) takes a comprehensive approach. They focus on creating a trade-enabling environment, working on policy aspects and supporting micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs).

The ITC aims to facilitate SMEs’ interactions with local and international markets. This positive stance towards supporting SMEs aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). Partnerships play a vital role in supporting SMEs and scaling up initiatives.

The ITC has formed partnerships with notable entities such as Alibaba, CAVA, and others. Their targeted initiative called ‘SwitchOn’ aims to reach out to 20,000 entrepreneurs by 2025. Collaboration and partnership among stakeholders is essential to address the breadth of issues in digital trade.

The ITC promotes inclusiveness in digital trade by involving individuals who do not traditionally participate in such processes. Collaboration remains crucial for achieving objectives in digital trade. The ITC has collaborated with organizations like CAVA, GSMA, and the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development.

Ongoing and potential future collaborations are instrumental in achieving desired outcomes in digital trade. Partnerships are crucial for ensuring access to information and support for digital trade. The importance of providing the right information to support decision-making is emphasized. Additionally, there is a call for innovative approaches to bridge the digital gender gap, ensuring equal access and opportunities for women in the digital trade sector.

To close the digital gender gap, customized solutions with specific targets are considered key. Tailoring initiatives to address the specific needs and challenges faced by women in digital trade can lead to significant progress towards achieving gender equality. In conclusion, this expanded summary highlights the growing reliance on digital connectivity for SMEs in trade, particularly due to the COVID-19 crisis.

It identifies the challenges faced by SMEs in adopting digital trade and emphasizes the efforts of the ITC to address these challenges through a comprehensive approach and partnerships. Collaboration, inclusiveness, and customized solutions are identified as critical for achieving sustainable and equitable digital trade.

Isabelle Kumar

Speech speed

162 words per minute

Speech length

2675 words

Speech time

993 secs

Arguments

Isabelle Kumar emphasises the importance of trade as part of the solution for inclusive digital transformation

Supporting facts:

Isabelle Kumar leads the discussion on how to ensure the digital transformation safeguards the rights, promotes inclusive opportunities and protects business interests across different sectors.

Isabelle Kumar notes that the upcoming discussion will provide valuable insights to build the recommendations for equitable digital trade future.

Topics: Digital Trade, Inclusivity, Digital Transformation

ARIA’s role is to provide evidence-based policy recommendations and to accelerate discussions in international meetings such as G20 or G7

Supporting facts:

ARIA conducts academic research to analyse areas for improvement and advantages

ARIA is an international organisation focusing on ASEAN and East Asia

Topics: ARIA, Economic research, Policy recommendations

ARIA is establishing a new centre for digital innovation and sustainable economies

Supporting facts:

The new centre aims to make a platform for collaboration with policy makers and business sectors

It gathers opinions from the business sectors to identify barriers for progressing the digital innovation

ARIA is focusing on how to strengthen start-ups in ASEAN

Topics: Digital innovation, Sustainable economies, Start-ups

Questioning the feasibility and impact of introducing artificial intelligence in developing countries, especially in terms of worker rights.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Developing Countries, Worker Rights

Report

This highlights the need for digital transformation initiatives to prioritise the welfare and opportunities of all stakeholders. In her discussions with Mia Seppo from the International Labour Organization (ILO), Isabelle Kumar underscores the importance of achieving digital transformation while protecting workers’ rights and opportunities.

This dialogue aims to build recommendations for a progressive digital trade environment that ensures decent work and economic growth. By considering the impact on workers, it seeks to mitigate any negative consequences of digital innovation. ARIA, an international organisation focusing on ASEAN and East Asia, plays a vital role in the digital transformation landscape.

They conduct academic research to identify areas for improvement and advantages, providing evidence-based policy recommendations. Their contributions help accelerate discussions in international meetings such as the G20 or G7, facilitating the formulation of informed policies. Recognising the significance of digital innovation and sustainable economies, ARIA is establishing a new centre for collaboration between policymakers and businesses.

By gathering opinions from the business sector, the centre aims to identify barriers hindering progress in the digital sphere. Additionally, ARIA focuses on strengthening start-ups in ASEAN, contributing to the development of sustainable and innovative economies. Isabelle Kumar acknowledges the importance of measuring digital trade in evaluating the effectiveness of policies.

She highlights her discussions with the World Bank on their work in Africa and mentions a handbook that provides guidance on measuring digital trade. By emphasising the need for measurement, Isabelle stresses the importance of evidence-based decision-making in shaping digital trade policies.

Isabelle Kumar expresses her curiosity about how the ILO plans to address these challenges and protect workers’ rights in this era of technological advancement. Overall, the discussions and engagements led by Isabelle Kumar and the involvement of organizations such as ARIA and the ILO underline the importance of an inclusive, rights-based, and evidence-informed approach in achieving digital transformation that benefits all stakeholders.

Koji Hachiyama

Speech speed

123 words per minute

Speech length

486 words

Speech time

237 secs

Arguments

ARIA’s main target is ASEAN and East Asia, providing policy recommendations and evidences through economic research

Supporting facts:

ARIA is an economic research institute and international organisation

ARIA provides policy recommendation to ASEAN and East Asia meeting, G20, and G7 meetings

Topics: ARIA, ASEAN, East Asia, Economic Research

ARIA has set up a new centre for digital innovation and sustainable economies

Supporting facts:

The role of the new centre is to provide a platform for collaboration between policy makers and business sectors

Topics: Digital Innovation, Sustainable Economies, Policy Making

ARIA focuses on strengthening start-ups in ASEAN as they will be major players in the future

Supporting facts:

ARIA holds events and activities aimed at establishing a start-up ecosystem in ASEAN and East Asia

Topics: Start-ups, ASEAN, Digital Economies

The need for Inclusiveness and addressing gender issues

Supporting facts:

Research shows that the gender divide is increased because of COVID-19

Topics: Inclusiveness, Gender Issues, COVID-19

The rule and regulations should not only be within a specific region

Topics: Rule and Regulation, Regionalism

Importance of changing mindset

Topics: Mindset

Report

This demonstrates ARIA’s dedication to addressing modern challenges and harnessing the potential of digital economies. The analysis also highlights the importance of inclusivity and addressing gender issues. Research findings show that the gender divide has increased due to the impact of COVID-19.

This underscores the need for ARIA and other organizations to prioritize inclusiveness and gender equality in their policy recommendations and initiatives, ensuring that all members of society can benefit from economic growth and development. Additionally, the analysis suggests that rules and regulations should not be confined to specific regions.

Instead, they should be inclusive and applicable to a broader context, promoting peace, justice, and strong institutions. This observation emphasizes the importance of fostering collaboration and harmonizing regulations at a global level. Lastly, the analysis brings attention to the significance of changing mindsets.

While specific evidence or arguments are not provided in this regard, it suggests that adopting a more open and adaptable mindset is crucial in navigating complex economic and social challenges. In conclusion, ARIA’s work focuses on providing policy recommendations and evidence through economic research, primarily targeting ASEAN and East Asia.

Their efforts include strengthening startups, establishing a centre for digital innovation and sustainable economies, and promoting inclusivity and gender equality. The analysis highlights the need for global collaboration, inclusive regulations, and a mindset shift to effectively address current and future challenges.

Mia Seppo

Speech speed

145 words per minute

Speech length

1423 words

Speech time

590 secs

Arguments

Regulating the digital platforms is crucial to safeguard labor rights, fair working conditions, and social protection

Supporting facts:

Regulation of digital platforms involves reviewing existing legislation, laws, and practices

There are new forms of regulation emerging like collective bargaining agreements

Topics: Digital transformation, Labor rights, Social protection

International policy dialogue and coordination are essential to handle the complexities of regulating digital platforms

Supporting facts:

Regulating digital platforms involves handling linkage across multiple jurisdictions

Topics: Digital platforms, International policy dialogue

AI will have huge implications for the organization of work

Supporting facts:

The ILO is analyzing and deepening the understanding of how AI can be incorporated in the workplace in a way that ensures productivity, enhances innovation, upholds workers’ rights, prevents discriminatory practices, and promotes transitions.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Work Organization

Fear of job substitution by AI might be overemphasized

Supporting facts:

An ILO study in 2023 showed an opportunity to augment work through AI, linked to skilling. The impact of automation is expected to be 5.5% on total employment in the northern countries and 0.4% in low-income countries.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Job Substitution

AI is expected to impact the quality of jobs

Supporting facts:

AI may affect work intensity and autonomy and give more opportunities for engaging work without limiting workers’ agency and voice.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Work Quality

ILO is commencing the process of creating the first global instrument regarding labor laws and work organization, which is to start at the 113th International Labour Conference in 2025 and ideally conclude in 2026.

Supporting facts:

The instrument will address changes in labor organization, definitional issues of contractual status and workers.

Topics: Workers’ rights, Employment, Labour laws

Worker well-being and occupational safety and health have been identified as fundamental labor rights.

Supporting facts:

There are lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic with respect to worker well-being.

The advocacy for these rights is a key area for ILO in partnership with others.

The ILO is working with member states for processes of ratification and implementation.

Topics: Health and safety, Well-being, COVID-19

Equal access of opportunities should be ensured in the digital world

Supporting facts:

Ensuring equal access of opportunities to workers in terms of skills, decent working conditions, labor and social protection

Supporting small and medium enterprises by ensuring access to opportunities

Topics: Digital Trade, Digital Divide, Access to Opportunities

Report

These figures indicate that the impact of AI on job substitution may not be as significant as feared. AI is also expected to impact the quality of jobs. It may affect work intensity and autonomy, but it can also provide more opportunities for engaging work without limiting workers’ agency and voice.

The ILO emphasizes the importance of monitoring and regulating AI to ensure its impact on work quality is positive. The ILO supports the regulation of AI, taking into account its effect on working conditions. Mia Seppo, Director of the ILO Office for Coordination in the Arab States, suggests using existing mechanisms for social dialogue and tripartite consultations to ensure orderly, fair, and consultative transitions.

In AI policymaking, the ILO advises including the voices of workers, employers, businesses, and government. By considering the human aspect of AI workplace transitions and promoting inclusivity and fairness, policy decisions can be made that benefit all stakeholders. The ILO is also commencing the process of creating the first global instrument regarding labor laws and work organization.

This instrument will address changes in labor organization, definitional issues of contractual status and workers. Ideally, this process will conclude by 2026, after starting at the 113th International Labour Conference in 2025. Worker well-being and occupational safety and health are identified as fundamental labor rights by the ILO.

Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic have led to a renewed focus on protecting worker well-being. The ILO is actively working with member states to ensure the ratification and implementation of measures that promote worker well-being and occupational safety. In conclusion, the ILO recognizes the need for regulating digital platforms to safeguard labour rights, fair working conditions, and social protection.

The complexities involved call for international policy dialogue and coordination. The organization also emphasizes the importance of supporting MSMEs in accessing the digital economy and addressing the potential impact of AI on the organization of work. Social dialogue, AI regulation, and inclusive policymaking are key aspects of the ILO’s approach.

By creating a global instrument for labor laws and work organization, the ILO aims to address the emerging challenges and ensure the protection of worker well-being.

Paul Donohoe

Speech speed

148 words per minute

Speech length

1004 words

Speech time

407 secs

Arguments

Digital trade has the potential to significantly boost inclusive and sustainable development

Supporting facts:

Opens up new markets and opportunities for medium and small enterprises in developing countries

Services by Postal sector make digital trade accessible to a broader audience

Indonesian post office services 2.1 million SMEs

Topics: digital trade, inclusive development

Challenges for small businesses and enterprises in participating in digital trade are not just technological but also include human elements such as language, culture, and local support services

Supporting facts:

Postal sector services global population, facilitating inclusion from all parts of the community

Indonesian post office services more than half a million SMEs, including many women-led businesses

Topics: digital trade, small businesses, culture, language, local support

To unlock the full potential of digital trade, a robust enabling environment is required which includes reliable and secure digital infrastructure, clear regulatory frameworks, and policies that encourage innovation and investment

Supporting facts:

Postal sector provides the physical infrastructure needed for the delivery of goods trading digitally

Postal sector can contribute to sustainable digital connectivity and digital service delivery

Topics: digital trade, digital infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, innovation, investment

partnerships are vital to be able to address these issues

Supporting facts:

UPU is working with member governments to try and address these gaps and challenges

The collaboration on the assessments that E-Trade for All is doing to assess the challenges

Topics: Postal Services, Digital Economy, Logistical Challenges

we need a whole-of-government approach to addressing these challenges

Supporting facts:

encourage governments to take a whole-of-government approach to addressing these challenges and developing the digital economy

Topics: Government Intervention, Digital Economy, Logistical Challenges

working to modernize postal services and enhance logistics environment in African Countries

Supporting facts:

working with, for example, the African Union on roadmaps for digitalisation of postal services and enhancing the logistics environment in African countries

Topics: Postal Services, Logistical Challenges, Digitalisation

Digital trade is both digital and human and physical

Supporting facts:

Paul Donohoe emphasized the combined importance of digital and physical aspects in digital trade.

Topics: Digital Trade, Complimentary Initiatives, Physical Jobs

Report

For instance, the Indonesian post office services approximately 2.1 million small and medium enterprises (SMEs), empowering them to engage in digital trade. Despite the opportunities digital trade presents, small businesses and enterprises face challenges beyond technology, including language, culture, and local support services.

Overcoming these obstacles is crucial to create a more inclusive and diverse digital trade ecosystem. Addressing language and cultural barriers and improving local support services can greatly enhance the participation of small businesses and enterprises in digital trade. To unlock the full potential of digital trade, it is necessary to establish a robust enabling environment.

This includes reliable and secure digital infrastructure, clear regulatory frameworks, and policies that encourage innovation and investment. These elements are essential for fostering a sustainable digital trade ecosystem that benefits all stakeholders. Promoting digital literacy and ensuring cybersecurity measures are also vital for businesses engaging in digital trade.

Enhancing digital literacy skills and protecting digital assets enable businesses to navigate the digital landscape confidently and seize opportunities presented by digital trade. Partnerships and a holistic approach involving the whole government are crucial in addressing logistical challenges associated with digital trade and driving the development of the digital economy.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU) collaborates with member governments to address gaps and challenges in digital trade. Partnerships are also fundamental in fostering an environment that supports inclusive digital trade and facilitates the resolution of growth hindrances. Efforts are underway to modernize postal services and improve the logistics environment in African countries.

The UPU collaborates with the African Union to develop roadmaps for the digitalization of postal services and enhance the logistics environment. These initiatives aim to improve connectivity and contribute to the overall development of digital trade in the region. It is essential to recognize that digital trade encompasses both digital and physical aspects.

While digital connectivity and advancements are crucial, prioritizing and supporting physical jobs alongside digital trade is equally important. By complementing digital trade with physical jobs, a well-rounded and inclusive approach can be achieved, ensuring that the benefits of digital trade are shared among individuals and communities.

An enabling environment with reliable digital infrastructure, clear regulations, and policies is necessary for successful digital trade implementation. Promoting digital literacy and ensuring cybersecurity are essential for businesses engaging in digital trade. Partnerships and a whole-of-government approach are vital for addressing logistical challenges and developing the digital economy.

Efforts to modernize postal services and enhance the logistics environment in African countries are also ongoing. Finally, maintaining a balance between digital and physical jobs in the digital trade ecosystem is important for an inclusive and sustainable approach.

Pradeep S. Mehta

Speech speed

164 words per minute

Speech length

1757 words

Speech time

645 secs

Arguments

Developing and implementing inclusive digital trade policies is crucial for aiding the Global South.

Supporting facts:

India’s Digital India Initiative is an example of digital trade policy being successful

India is committed to share digital public infrastructure with developing countries

Topics: Digital Trade, Inclusive Policy Making, Global South

Cyber security is increasingly becoming relevant with the growth of the digital economy

Supporting facts:

Digital warfare through cyberspace can potentially cause enormous harm to digital systems

Topics: Cyber Security, Digital Economy, Technology

Strong telecommunications infrastructure is vital for the implementation of a robust digital economy

Supporting facts:

Without a good telecommunications setup, a digital economy cannot thrive

Topics: Telecommunications, Digital Economy, Infrastructure

Broadband infrastructure is a critical input for the digital economy

Supporting facts:

South Korea has successfully implemented strong broadband infrastructure

Topics: Broadband Infrastructure, Digital Economy

Investment in infrastructure is often overlooked but fundamentally important for digital advancement

Supporting facts:

Most conversations revolve around software development, but hardware is just as critical

Topics: Investment, Infrastructure

Smartphones are becoming a key tool in bridging the digital divide in areas like rural India

Supporting facts:

A group of rural women in India have accessed global markets via e-commerce using smartphones

Smartphone prices have decreased, making them more accessible

Topics: Smartphone Technology, Digital Divide, Rural Development

Civil society and non-governmental organizations like CUTS can contribute to shaping a fair and inclusive digital lead

Supporting facts:

CUTS has capacity to research and advocate for an inclusive digital trade policy

CUTS has hands-on experience in working on ground level and contextualizing it in policy space

Topics: civil society, non-governmental organizations, inclusive digital trade policy, marginalized communities

Civil society and non-governmental organisations like CUTS contribute to a fair and sustainable digital environment through training and capacity-building initiatives

Supporting facts:

Extra-departmental agents in India were trained to be computer-savvy so they could operate e-kiosks and manage a variety of online services

These initiatives are happening across 5,000 villages in India

Topics: Digital Divide, Capacity Building, Digital Literacy

Rural workers are majorly banking correspondents in India

Supporting facts:

India has one of the most banked population in the world, reaching nearly 90% of the population

Topics: Banking, Rural development

Collaboration relevant to e-commerce includes competition policy

Supporting facts:

Organizing an event on World Competition Day, 5th December, in partnership with UNCTAD and WTO

Topics: E-commerce, Competition policy

Government prioritization is vital to overcome the digital divide and aid development.

Supporting facts:

Digitization is an enabling tool that can help people overcome poverty and have extra income.

India successfully implemented digitization, connecting every village digitally.

Topics: digital divide, economic development, government spending, prioritization

Report

Furthermore, India is committed to sharing its digital public infrastructure with developing countries, demonstrating its dedication to supporting the Global South. With the growth of the digital economy, cybersecurity becomes increasingly relevant. The potential for digital warfare through cyberspace poses a significant threat to digital systems, highlighting the need for robust cybersecurity measures.

Prioritising cybersecurity is essential to protect digital infrastructure and ensure the continued growth and stability of the digital economy. Strong telecommunications infrastructure is vital for a robust digital economy. Without a reliable and efficient telecommunications setup, a digital economy cannot thrive.

Therefore, investments in telecommunications infrastructure are essential to support digital trade and enable seamless digital connectivity. Broadband infrastructure is another critical input for the digital economy. South Korea has successfully implemented strong broadband infrastructure, resulting in enhanced access to digital services and improved digital connectivity.

Robust broadband infrastructure plays a fundamental role in supporting digital trade and fostering economic growth. Hardware investment is often overlooked but plays a crucial role in driving digital advancement and ensuring the sustainability of digital ecosystems. While software development often takes the spotlight, investment in physical infrastructure, such as data centres and servers, serves as the foundation for digital progress.

Their research and advocacy efforts contribute to creating a more equitable digital landscape. Training and capacity-building initiatives carried out by civil society and NGOs are essential for creating a fair and sustainable digital environment. In India, for instance, extra-departmental agents have been trained to be computer-savvy to operate e-kiosks and manage various online services.

These initiatives, happening across thousands of villages, empower underprivileged communities by equipping them with digital skills and access to digital services. Addressing the digital divide requires persistence and patience. It is crucial to avoid underestimating the common sense of ordinary people, as they often come up with innovative solutions that experts may not have considered.

By involving and empowering underprivileged populations in the development of the digital economy, we can ensure that digital advancements are inclusive and equitable. Access to banking services is critical for economic growth. India has made significant progress in this regard, with one of the most banked populations in the world.

Rural workers, acting as banking correspondents, play a significant role in providing banking services and contributing to rural development. Collaboration relevant to e-commerce includes competition policy. In partnership with organizations like UNCTAD and WTO, events such as World Competition Day promote open discussions and participation in shaping competition policies for e-commerce.

Prioritizing digitization efforts can lead to positive outcomes and contribute to building a more prosperous future for all.

Rebeca Grynspan

Speech speed

123 words per minute

Speech length

854 words

Speech time

418 secs

Arguments

The potential of digital trade must be unlocked for inclusive development

Supporting facts:

Digital technologies are reshaping everything

Digitally deliverable services accounted for 55% of global services exports in 2022

Topics: Inclusive Development, Digital Trade

Significant disparities exist in the share of digital trade between developed and developing economies

Supporting facts:

The share of digitally deliverable services for developed countries was 60%

For developing economies, it was 45%

For the least developed countries, it was just 17%

Topics: Digital trade, Global Economy

Partnerships are of indispensable role in addressing disparities in digital trade

Supporting facts:

None of us is as smart as all of us

E-Trade for All initiative emphasizes on power of working together

Since its launch in 2016, E-Trade for All membership has grown from 14 to 35 members

Topics: Digital Trade, Partnerships, Inclusive Development

In order to prevent the deepening of pre-existing disparities and to ensure that opportunities are evenly dispensed, a coordinated global effort will be required involving policy, investment, resources, rules, and good governance

Supporting facts:

No one country or organization can make the necessary changes on their own

Political will is necessary to effect the needed changes

Topics: Global efforts, Good Governance, Policy, Investment, Resource Management

Report

This evidence supports the negative sentiment expressed in one of the perspectives, emphasizing the existing disparities in digital trade. Partnerships are argued to play an indispensable role in addressing these disparities. The E-Trade for All initiative is highlighted as a prime example of such partnerships, which emphasizes the power of collaboration.

It is mentioned that since its launch in 2016, the initiative’s membership has grown from 14 to 35 members. This evidence supports the positive sentiment expressed towards partnerships in addressing disparities in digital trade. Furthermore, it is argued that more efforts are needed to strengthen the capacity of developing countries to benefit from digital trade.

It is noted that the readiness and ability to engage in digital trade vary substantially across countries. The potential negative impact of unaddressed disparities in digital trade is also highlighted, as it could worsen inequalities rather than bridging them. This argument is supported by the negative sentiment expressed in one of the perspectives.

The importance of global cooperation and coordination is emphasized to achieve equality and opportunity for all. Overall, the perspectives analysed emphasize the potential of digital trade for inclusive development but also highlight the existing disparities between developed and developing economies.

Partnerships, along with strengthening the capacity of developing countries, are emphasized as key strategies to address these disparities. It is argued that a coordinated global effort involving various factors is necessary to prevent further deepening of disparities and ensure equal opportunities for all.

The significance of global cooperation and coordination is underscored in achieving these goals.

eTrade for all leadership roundtable: Unlocking digital trade for inclusive development

Table of contents

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Full session report

Paul Donohoe

Isabelle Kumar

Rebeca Grynspan

Mia Seppo

Anna Joubin Bret

Audience

Pradeep S. Mehta

Koji Hachiyama

Angela Paolini Ellard

Dorothy Tembo

Speakers

Angela Paolini Ellard

Arguments

Digital trade is an engine of growth.

The digital divide is real.

The WTO aims to establish rules on digital trade.

A moratorium on the collection of customs duties on e-commerce is vital to the growth of digital trade.

Emphasis on developing the connectivity infrastructure and regulatory framework for facilitating digital trade

Incremental approach towards addressing digital trade issues in Africa

Need for rules in digital trade

Digital trade is a great opportunity for empowerment and to help communities

Report

Anna Joubin Bret

Arguments

Building trust is crucial in the digital economy.

In the digital economy, new types of commodities are being traded.

Existing legal rules of trade may not be applicable to digital economy.

The law is for everyone and doesn’t single out particular actors or sectors

Special attention to women or men entrepreneurs is not payed in UNCITRAL’s legal frameworks

Two major challenges for women entrepreneurs and MSMEs in digital trade are moving from informal to formal economy and access to credit

Digital trade is taking over from e-commerce

Partnerships are extremely important

Report

Audience

Arguments

Digital trade is taking over instead of e-commerce

There is a significant digital divide between developed and developing countries.

Consideration for new labour rules in digital economy

Report

Dorothy Tembo

Arguments

In turbulent times, digital connectivity has come to the center of trade for SMEs

There are four main challenges faced by SMEs

Partnership is essential to address the breadth of issues in digital trade.

Leveraging resources, expertise is critical for sustainable digital trade.

An integrated approach is needed to address systemic issues in digital trade infrastructure.

Ongoing and potential new collaborations are crucial for achieving objectives in digital trade.

Partnerships are crucial for ensuring access to information and support for digital trade

Report

Isabelle Kumar

Arguments

Isabelle Kumar emphasises the importance of trade as part of the solution for inclusive digital transformation

ARIA’s role is to provide evidence-based policy recommendations and to accelerate discussions in international meetings such as G20 or G7

ARIA is establishing a new centre for digital innovation and sustainable economies

Questioning the feasibility and impact of introducing artificial intelligence in developing countries, especially in terms of worker rights.

Report

Koji Hachiyama

Arguments

ARIA’s main target is ASEAN and East Asia, providing policy recommendations and evidences through economic research

ARIA has set up a new centre for digital innovation and sustainable economies

ARIA focuses on strengthening start-ups in ASEAN as they will be major players in the future

The need for Inclusiveness and addressing gender issues

The rule and regulations should not only be within a specific region

Importance of changing mindset

Report

Mia Seppo

Arguments

Regulating the digital platforms is crucial to safeguard labor rights, fair working conditions, and social protection

International policy dialogue and coordination are essential to handle the complexities of regulating digital platforms

AI will have huge implications for the organization of work

Fear of job substitution by AI might be overemphasized

AI is expected to impact the quality of jobs

ILO is commencing the process of creating the first global instrument regarding labor laws and work organization, which is to start at the 113th International Labour Conference in 2025 and ideally conclude in 2026.

Worker well-being and occupational safety and health have been identified as fundamental labor rights.

Equal access of opportunities should be ensured in the digital world