Fast-tracking a digital economy future in developing countries (UNCTAD)

4 Dec 2023 11:00h - 13:00h UTC

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H.E. Massandjé Toure-Litse

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Commission recognises the potential of digitalisation in achieving economic diversification, employment creation, and stability. To harness these possibilities, ECOWAS member states have adopted a strategy and implementation plan for e-commerce for the years 2023-2025. This forward-looking approach indicates their commitment to capitalising on the rise of digital commerce, which is expected to have a significant impact not only on ECOWAS but also on other countries worldwide, as highlighted by the World Trade Organization (WTO).

E-commerce is considered by the ECOWAS Commission as a crucial driver of economic growth and presents further opportunities for expansion. In Ghana, for instance, there has already been a notable increase in export values from US$99 million in 2008. The digital industries also have the potential to create cascading effects on related and adjoining sectors, further enhancing economic development.

Recognising the importance of collaboration and partnerships in the pursuit of e-commerce strategies, ECOWAS stands ready to work with esteemed partners such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Bank. By aligning efforts with these organizations, ECOWAS aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of its e-commerce initiatives. This emphasis on partnerships reflects ECOWAS’ belief in the power of collective action in achieving shared goals and outcomes.

To effectively track the progress and impact of e-commerce development, ECOWAS recognises the need for improved statistical data. By having accurate and comprehensive statistics, policymakers and stakeholders can gain valuable insights into the emerging trends and patterns within the e-commerce sector. This information serves as a vital tool for informed decision-making and targeted interventions.

ECOWAS also underscores the importance of cooperation and coordination in the digital sphere. By fostering a culture of collaboration among member states, ECOWAS aims to ensure sustainable results from their collective efforts in digitalisation. This approach aligns with their commitment to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), demonstrating their dedication to inclusive and sustainable development.

Furthermore, ECOWAS highlights the significance of cooperation among governments, stakeholders, and international organisations in the effective implementation of digital commerce and e-commerce. They note that successful implementation necessitates close coordination and cooperation at various levels, enabling the creation and enforcement of regulatory frameworks, capacity building initiatives, and the facilitation of cross-border trade.

In line with these efforts, ECOWAS, through the appointment of H.E. Massandjé Toure-Litse, actively engages in legislative organisations of the United Nations that offer assistance for the implementation of digital commerce and e-commerce at the request of member states. The partnership with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in evaluating legal texts and providing support to states in implementing e-commerce platforms exemplifies ECOWAS’ commitment to accompanying small players, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in their digital ventures.

Importantly, a strong legal infrastructure at the national level is deemed critical for effective and credible international negotiations in digital cooperation. H.E. Massandjé Toure-Litse emphasises the necessity of having the infrastructure in place within individual countries to engage in international digital cooperation agreements successfully. Additionally, she urges active participation from countries in the working groups that develop model texts and conventions, solidifying ECOWAS’ commitment to inclusive and participatory decision-making processes.

In conclusion, ECOWAS acknowledges the transformative potential of digitalisation, particularly in the field of e-commerce, and is making significant strides in harnessing these opportunities. Their focus on cooperation, partnerships, data-driven decision-making, and strong legal infrastructure underscores their commitment to inclusive and sustainable economic development in the region. By leveraging the power of digital commerce, ECOWAS aims to drive economic diversification, create employment opportunities, and ensure stability, ultimately contributing to the achievement of the UN’s SDGs.

Lennise Ng

The analysis explores various facets of the digitalization of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Southeast Asia. It emphasizes the importance of government investment and collaboration with tech enterprises in promoting MSME digitalization, citing examples of the Malaysian and Singaporean governments’ initiatives. Community-driven tech initiatives are also highlighted as effective strategies for localizing e-solutions, with Techkaki in Singapore serving as an example. The significance of strong digital infrastructure for business growth is discussed, particularly in addressing poor digital connectivity in rural areas. The analysis emphasizes the need for financial inclusion through investment in private and public partnerships, showcasing the tailored MSME financing products developed through collaboration with the Malaysian government. Furthermore, the empowerment of women entrepreneurs is emphasized as a way to create inclusive digital solutions. Investments in e-commerce, particularly by firms like Rocket Internet, are recognized for driving digital transformation in Southeast Asia. However, concerns about the sustainability of post-pandemic e-commerce platforms are highlighted. The analysis suggests shifting perspectives to promote e-commerce in communities with sufficient disposable income. Overall, the analysis underscores the importance of inclusive approaches to MSME digitalization and economic development in Southeast Asia.

H.E. Sithembiso G. G. Nyoni

Zimbabwe is prepared for the implementation of e-commerce, as evidenced by ongoing initiatives. Universities in the country have been tasked with conducting relevant research to contribute to e-commerce development. The government has also enacted computer crime and cyber crime acts to combat cyber threats and ensure a safe online environment. Additionally, the introduction of the Zim Connect portal allows citizens to access government services online, and community information centers have been established throughout the country.

However, there are challenges to overcome, such as improving the fiber backbone infrastructure in rural areas to ensure equal access to e-commerce opportunities. Partnerships in infrastructure and financial inclusion are vital for further e-commerce development. The involvement of the private sector in policy-making is essential for effective policies that drive economic growth. Collaboration between the government, private sector, and development partners is crucial to enhancing digital commerce.

In conclusion, Zimbabwe is ready to embrace e-commerce through research, cybercrime legislation, and the establishment of an e-system platform. By fostering partnerships and involving the private sector, Zimbabwe can enhance its digital infrastructure and unlock the potential of e-commerce for its citizens and economy.

H.E. Prasith Suon

Cambodia has experienced significant growth in the field of e-commerce over the past five years, with a particularly notable increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. This progress can be attributed to the successful implementation of recommendations from the e-trade readiness assessment conducted by UNCTAD in 2017. As a result, Cambodia has emerged as a top-performing country in UNCTAD’s second e-trade readiness implementation review.

To support the development of the e-commerce ecosystem and protect consumer rights, Cambodia has established various legal and policy frameworks. These include the enactment of key legislation such as the laws on e-commerce, consumer protection, and competition. These laws provide a solid foundation for a robust and secure e-commerce environment.

Private sector participation is crucial for the success of e-commerce initiatives, and Cambodia has actively engaged private sector stakeholders in policy discussions and formulation. The government has also received support from development partners for implementing projects such as Go for ECAM and Sea Trade for SME. This collaborative approach ensures that the e-commerce ecosystem is well-supported and can thrive.

Cambodia actively participates in e-commerce negotiations and discussions at both regional and multilateral levels. The country is party to various regional and bilateral agreements, including the ASEAN agreement on e-commerce and the regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP). These agreements facilitate regional cooperation and create opportunities for further e-commerce growth.

The CambodianTrade platform has played a significant role in boosting digital adoption and transformation among Cambodian SMEs. It provides a platform for 166 SMEs, including provincial and women-led businesses, to showcase their products and directly communicate with potential clients. The platform also offers fully integrated logistic service providers and payment gateways, enabling SMEs to conduct business efficiently.

To further support SMEs, Cambodia focuses on building and strengthening their capacities through digitalization and export readiness training. Various trainings and support have been provided to SMEs during and after the onboarding process. UNDP Cambodia and Khmer Enterprise collaborate to assist SMEs in overcoming innovative challenges and enhancing their competitiveness.

The CambodianTrade platform not only boosts domestic trade but also offers international exposure to Cambodian SMEs. SMEs have the opportunity to showcase their products on various social media platforms and engage in business matching through domestic and international expos. This exposure enhances their branding internationally and opens doors to new markets and partnerships.

Access to finance and resources is vital for the growth of SMEs in the e-commerce sector. CambodianTrade provides such access through venture capital, promoting the interest of value chain investors in Cambodia’s e-commerce sector. This support encourages the development of innovative and sustainable business models among SMEs.

To create a conducive environment for the digital economy, Cambodia focuses on building a robust legal framework. The ecosystem itself is now ready to endorse the legal aspects of the digital economy. Implementing the legal framework promptly, without delay, is crucial for attracting more investment and driving further growth in the e-commerce sector.

The endorsement of e-commerce laws is particularly significant in instilling confidence in investors. Some countries may be hesitant to endorse their e-commerce laws, but having a legal system in place strengthens investor trust and facilitates a secure and transparent e-commerce environment.

In conclusion, Cambodia has made significant progress in e-commerce, supported by the effective implementation of recommendations, the development of legal and policy frameworks, private sector participation, and active engagement in regional and multilateral negotiations. The CambodianTrade platform has played a vital role in boosting digitalization and international exposure for Cambodian SMEs. Building a conducive legal framework and endorsing e-commerce laws are crucial for attracting investment and ensuring a secure and transparent e-commerce environment. With ongoing efforts, Cambodia is well-positioned to continue its growth in the e-commerce sector.

Moderator – Isabelle Kumar

During the discussion, speakers highlighted the importance of e-commerce readiness and reducing digital divides in various countries. Ghana and Mauritania were praised for their strong potential in e-commerce and their commitment to national digital transformation. Ghana, in particular, has made significant investments in ICT infrastructure, positioning them well for e-commerce opportunities. Similarly, Mauritania validated its e-trade readiness assessment, which is seen as a crucial tool in operationalising the country’s ambitious national digital transformation agenda.

Governments such as ECOWAS, Kenya, Tunisia, and Zimbabwe were commended for their ambitious strategies in reducing digital divides. ECOWAS adopted its first e-commerce strategy, Kenya is launching its first national e-commerce strategy, Tunisia is implementing an action plan to contribute to the digitalisation of the central bank’s information system, and Zimbabwe is about to embark on a journey towards e-commerce. These efforts reflect a strong commitment by governments to bridge the digital divide and create opportunities for their citizens.

It was emphasised that moving from policy recommendations to implemented initiatives is crucial in e-commerce. Merely making policy recommendations is not enough; practical groundwork and execution of these recommendations are essential. The importance of executing policies for effective e-commerce was highlighted during the discussion.

Specific challenges facing countries include limited internet infrastructure, payment and finance barriers, lack of trust and security, logistical and infrastructural concerns, market fragmentation, and a digital literacy gap. Overcoming these challenges requires the growth of the ICT sector, the uptake of mobile money, and the introduction of digital currencies. These promising avenues can address the various barriers to e-commerce.

Diagnostic studies, such as UNCTAD’s e-trade readiness assessment, were acknowledged as valuable tools for countries to develop a roadmap for building an enabling environment for e-commerce. These studies help identify areas of improvement and guide countries in enhancing their e-commerce capabilities.

Zimbabwe, in particular, is ready to implement e-commerce with its efforts to create both soft and hard digital infrastructure. They have made progress in creating a conducive environment for e-commerce, including drafting a computer crime and a cybercrime act. Currently, Zimbabwe has about 200 community information centres, and different government services can be accessed online through the Zim Connect portal.

Zimbabwe seeks partnership with UNCTAD to refine their e-commerce implementation. They aim to collaborate with UNCTAD to identify gaps in their e-commerce implementation, assess barriers to their roadmap, and develop tools to measure their progress.

Cambodia’s inclusive approach to developing e-commerce and digital trade was highlighted as a model for other developing countries. Their journey started with an e-trade readiness assessment in 2017, followed by a national strategy and the creation of a public-led platform. During Cambodia’s last e-week in Geneva, the Cambodia trade marketplace was launched, demonstrating their commitment to developing an inclusive digital economy and society.

The importance of collaboration between government ministries and development partners in developing digital commerce platforms was emphasised. This collaborative approach ensures that different perspectives and expertise are considered and integrated into the planning and implementation process.

The need for comprehensive and inclusive legal frameworks for e-commerce was also discussed. Legal texts and frameworks should take into account the interests of all actors involved and ensure a robust legal landscape. The role of organisations like UNCTAD in providing assistance to governments in preparing these laws and regulations was acknowledged.

Trust in online transactions was highlighted as essential for the effective functioning of e-commerce. Without trust, consumers may hesitate to engage in online transactions, hindering the growth of e-commerce. Mauritania was mentioned as an example where the lack of trust is a challenge that needs to be addressed.

Efforts to support women-led SMEs and provincial businesses through e-commerce platforms were recognised. Cambodia’s Komoran Trade platform, supervised by the Ministry of Commerce, provides an opportunity for SMEs to connect with domestic and cross-border buyers and business partners. This initiative supports gender equality and inclusive economic growth by enabling women-led enterprises to participate in e-commerce.

The importance of a conducive digital ecosystem and the role of the government in fostering small businesses and the startup ecosystem were supported. The release of laws designed to support small businesses and startups in Mohamed Abdallahi Louly’s country was acknowledged as a positive step.

Market fragmentation challenges in e-commerce can be addressed by standardising trust in platforms. The idea of labelling platforms as trusted and technically acceptable solutions was discussed, which could provide support and opportunities for success to those platforms.

Improving digital infrastructure for better e-commerce and digital trade in Africa was a topic of discussion. Moderator, John Odona, raised a question about ways to enhance inadequate infrastructure to enable better e-commerce. This highlighted the importance of investing in digital infrastructure to support e-commerce development in the region.

A holistic approach and consideration of the specific context of each country were emphasised in developing digital trade. It is important not to adopt a one-size-fits-all approach but to tailor strategies and initiatives to suit the unique circumstances of each country.

Collaboration involving the private sector and development partners was encouraged to foster cross-sector partnerships and lay the groundwork for successful e-commerce ecosystems. The involvement of development partners was seen as crucial in encouraging cross-border trade and supporting the development of a robust e-commerce environment.

Building a conducive legal environment for a digital ecosystem was highlighted as an important factor in promoting e-commerce. Laws and regulations should be comprehensive, inclusive, and consider the interests of all actors involved.

The discussion also emphasised the importance of inclusion and eliminating exclusion in e-commerce. It was stressed that exclusion should be eradicated at all costs, and efforts should be made to ensure equal access and opportunities for all. This reflects a commitment to reducing inequalities and promoting inclusive economic growth through e-commerce.

In conclusion, the discussion highlighted the importance of e-commerce readiness, reducing digital divides, and fostering inclusive digital ecosystems in various countries. Governments, development partners, and organisations such as UNCTAD play crucial roles in supporting countries in their e-commerce implementation efforts. Collaboration, practical implementation of policies, trust in online transactions, and inclusive approaches were among the key factors discussed in developing successful e-commerce ecosystems. By addressing challenges, investing in infrastructure, and fostering partnerships, countries can leverage the potential of e-commerce for economic growth and social development.

Mohamed Abdallahi Louly

Mauritania’s government is prioritising digital transformation to modernise the country and stimulate the development of e-commerce. However, the country faces significant challenges, including limited internet infrastructure, payment and financial obstacles, security and trust issues, logistical hurdles, regulatory concerns, a digital literacy gap, and market fragmentation.

To address these challenges, Mauritania has developed the National Digital Transformation Agenda (DNA) with input from various government ministries and development partners. Continuous dialogue with stakeholders, such as e-commerce partners, the central bank, and the Ministry of Commerce, is essential for a successful digital transition. The High Council of Digital, composed of seven ministries and led by the Prime Minister, aids in the governance and decision-making process.

The government encourages local businesses to develop their own technologies for e-commerce, enabling more inclusive solutions that cater to specific local contexts. They have also released laws supporting small business start-ups and providing incentives for import and local market share.

Efforts are being made to address market fragmentation and standardise trust in e-commerce platforms. The government advocates for defined standards and supports companies that meet them. Capitalising on existing infrastructure, such as fibre optics, is seen as essential for extending connectivity.

Investment is imperative to build the necessary infrastructure for e-commerce development, and $30 million has already been mobilised for this purpose. Satellite opportunities, like Starlink, have been utilised to connect remote areas and reduce inequalities.

Overall, Mauritania is committed to overcoming the challenges it faces in achieving digital transformation and fostering the growth of e-commerce. The government’s initiatives, in collaboration with stakeholders, aim to address infrastructure limitations, regulatory concerns, market fragmentation, and the digital literacy gap. By leveraging existing infrastructure, making necessary investments, and promoting standardisation and trust, Mauritania can establish a strong foundation for its digital economy and drive sustainable growth.

Anna Joubin Bret

UNCTRAL, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, plays a crucial role in creating harmonized legal texts for e-commerce and the digital economy, which are essential to create trust in online transactions. They provide guidance to governments to prepare laws and regulations, focusing particularly on e-transaction laws. Their work allows for interconnectivity and interoperability of the legal infrastructure, ensuring effective communication and transactions between different countries. UNCTRAL has been a longtime partner of UNCTAD, further strengthening their role in shaping international trade.

Recently, UNCTRAL has developed a model law on electronic transferable records, which gives trade activities the same legal value as traditional paper-based documents. This promotes paperless trading and facilitates digital trade. They have also introduced a model law on identity management and trust services, which establishes standards for digital identity recognition, enabling seamless trading and trust in digital transactions.

It is argued that countries should adapt existing legal frameworks rather than introducing new legislation to regulate the digital landscape. This allows for a more flexible and efficient response to the rapidly progressing e-commerce and digital trade. Incorporating artificial intelligence and automation into transactions is also important for enhancing efficiency and accuracy.

A balanced legal framework is crucial for the digital economy, encompassing both protective measures such as data protection and cybersecurity, as well as enabling aspects that foster innovation and digital progression. Supporting local communities in developing their own digital solutions is seen as vital for sustainable digital progression.

In conclusion, UNCTRAL’s work in creating harmonized legal texts and providing guidance in e-commerce and the digital economy is vital for establishing trust in online transactions. Their efforts in developing model laws on electronic transferable records and identity management strengthen the legal foundation for digital trade. Adapting existing legal frameworks, incorporating AI and automation, and maintaining a balanced legal framework are crucial for enabling seamless trade and fostering digital innovation. Supporting local communities in their own digital solutions is key to sustainable digital progression.

Audience

During the discussion on the digital economy and e-commerce, several key points were raised. It was emphasised that encouraging individuals to build their own technologies is crucial for advancing the digital economy. The importance of digital infrastructure was highlighted, with a mention of the government’s efforts to work with local small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to help with e-commerce. This points to a need for encouragement and support for people to develop their own technologies and contribute to the advancement of the digital economy.

Pre-pandemic, there was significant investment in e-commerce by the private sector. Examples were given, such as Rocket Internet’s investment in platforms like Lazada and Shopee, which led to the growth of e-commerce in Southeast Asia. This investment played a key role in the adoption of e-commerce in the region.

However, during the post-pandemic phase, many e-commerce platforms faced challenges and downfall. Draining of funds and the inability of businesses to sustain themselves were mentioned as contributing factors. The pandemic brought about a change in perspective, and there was a need to encourage e-commerce adoption in order to adapt to the new normal.

The rise of middle-income communities was highlighted as a factor contributing to the increase in e-commerce adoption. As communities move towards middle income levels, their purchasing power and access to digital technologies increase, leading to a greater adoption of e-commerce platforms.

The importance of community and nation-building was acknowledged during the discussion. It was emphasised that a country is built by its own people, and their impact cannot be underestimated. This highlights the need to empower individuals and communities to actively participate in building their countries, including in the context of the digital economy.

Concerns were raised about market fragmentation and monopolisation in the digital economy. This calls for solutions to ensure fair competition and reduce inequalities. There were also questions on the involvement of private companies in e-commerce policy discussions. The audience showed skepticism about private companies’ influence in policymaking due to regulatory concerns, highlighting the need for a balanced market structure.

The need for homegrown solutions and infrastructure development was emphasised, particularly in Africa and Nigeria. It was acknowledged that the digital ecosystem should be built taking into account the specific needs and challenges of developing countries. The partnership with UNACTD was appreciated, and challenges in developing countries were discussed.

Different countries approach the creation of a robust and inclusive digital ecosystem differently. Some countries opt for enacting entirely new legislation, while others choose to adjust their existing legal and regulatory frameworks. This reflects the diverse approaches towards regulating the digital landscape and ensuring its inclusivity.

The interplay of different branches of law in regulating the digital economy and the digital landscape was highlighted. Legal frameworks consistently require the interaction of various branches of law to effectively govern the digital economy.

Several questions were asked during the discussion. One question was whether to enact new legislation or adjust existing laws to create an inclusive digital ecosystem. Another inquiry was about how UNCTRAL model laws are enacted. The audience was also interested in learning which method is better for ensuring the interoperability of legal texts across borders.

Overall, the discussions shed light on the importance of encouraging individuals to build their own technologies, the challenges faced by e-commerce platforms in the post-pandemic phase, the impact of middle-income communities on e-commerce adoption, the significance of community and nation-building, concerns about market fragmentation and monopolisation, the need for homegrown solutions and infrastructure development, the different approaches towards creating a robust and inclusive digital ecosystem, and the interplay of different branches of law in regulating the digital landscape. The audience expressed skepticism about private companies’ involvement in policymaking and sought guidance on legal enactments and ensuring interoperability of legal texts. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities and opportunities in the digital economy and e-commerce sector.

Pedro Manuel Moreno

The analysis highlights significant developments and opportunities in the field of e-commerce. The adoption of ECOWAS’ first e-commerce strategy demonstrates a commitment to advancing digital trade. Kenya is launching its national e-commerce strategy, while Tunisia is implementing an action plan to digitise its procedures. Ghana’s e-trade readiness assessment has revealed a strong potential for e-commerce, and Mauritania’s recent e-trade readiness assessment has validated this potential. Additionally, Cambodia has implemented reforms to enable e-commerce, showing dedication to embracing digital transformation.

Capacity building is fundamental in addressing the complexities of e-commerce and digital trade. Many developing countries require improvements in strategic planning, stakeholder engagement, monitoring, and evaluation. E-trade readiness assessments are crucial for informing policymaking and promoting digital transformation by identifying areas of improvement.

However, challenges exist in the e-commerce field. More resources and better coordination of interventions are necessary to ensure smooth progress and implementation of e-commerce initiatives. The pace of resource allocation is not keeping up with the actual needs, indicating a potential gap between demand and supply. Although the e-trade for all initiative plays a significant role, further efforts are needed to bridge this gap and enhance resource allocation.

To effectively implement e-commerce policies, closer collaboration with UN resident coordinator offices is recommended to strengthen government capabilities. This collaboration would enhance stakeholder engagement and strategic planning, which are crucial for effective policy implementation. Governments can leverage the expertise and resources of UN resident coordinator offices to facilitate the implementation of e-commerce policy actions.

Overall, the analysis highlights progress in the field of e-commerce, with countries adopting strategies and implementing reforms to embrace digital trade. However, more resources and better coordination are needed. Closer collaboration with UN resident coordinator offices can help strengthen government capabilities and facilitate effective policy implementation in e-commerce.

H.E. Marchel Gerrmann

Investing in the digital economy has significant benefits for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). By embracing digital trade, SMEs can boost innovation, generate employment, and address inequalities. The digital economy presents SMEs with the potential to grow their businesses, increase productivity, and contribute to economic development.

Digital policies play a critical role in empowering people and businesses to create a prosperous and human-centered digital future. These policies should focus on bridging the digital divide and ensuring equal access to digital technologies and opportunities. By closing the digital gap, societies can enhance human development and create more inclusive economies.

The Dutch foreign trade and international cooperation policy recognizes the transformative impact of rapid digital development and has shifted its attention towards digital and sustainable transitions. These transitions provide inclusive employment opportunities, particularly for young people in sectors such as agri-tech, fintech, and e-commerce. The commitment to investing in technical assistance for inclusive digitalization highlights the importance of providing reliable digital platforms and services for all, including farmers and entrepreneurs.

When designing programs, it is crucial to consider digitalization from the beginning. By fully harnessing the power of digital technologies, programs can achieve better development results. Digitalization should be integrated into program design processes to ensure effective implementation and maximize potential for positive change.

Sharing successful examples and collaborating as a community of practitioners is essential for scaling up initiatives. By learning from and replicating successful practices, communities can advance together towards their goals. Collaboration and knowledge-sharing are crucial for scaling up the impact of digital initiatives and addressing societal challenges.

In addition to effective communication and collaboration, using a common language that everyone understands is crucial for successful scaling up. By emphasizing inclusivity and ensuring clarity in discussing challenges and opportunities, stakeholders can work together effectively towards reducing inequalities.

In summary, investing in the digital economy benefits SMEs, promoting growth and sustainability. Digital trade fosters innovation, employment, and addresses inequalities. To achieve a prosperous digital future, bridging the digital divide and developing empowering policies is necessary. The Dutch foreign trade and international cooperation policy focus on digital and sustainable transitions, creating inclusive employment opportunities. Considering digitalization from program design enables effective implementation. Collaboration and knowledge-sharing among practitioners drive scaling up initiatives. Inclusive communication facilitates progress in reducing inequalities.

Speakers

Anna Joubin Bret

Speech speed

143 words per minute

Speech length

1683 words

Speech time

705 secs

Arguments

UNCTRAL plays a crucial role in creating harmonized legal texts for e-commerce and the digital economy, which are essential to create trust in online transactions.

Supporting facts:

UNCTRAL has been a longtime partner of UNCTAD.

UNCTRAL provides guidance to governments to prepare laws and regulations.

They have worked on e-transaction laws in several countries, including Mauritania.

Their work allows for interconnectivity and interoperability of the legal infrastructure.

Topics: UNCTRAL, e-commerce, digital economy, online transactions

Adoption of digital means for trade transactions greatly enhances seamless trade

Supporting facts:

UNCTRAL has recently developed a model law on electronic transferable records.

The model law allows trade activities to retain the same legal value as the paper-based documents.

Adopting this law enables a shift towards paperless trading and a full-force entry into digital trade.

Topics: digital trade, electronic transferable records, legalization, harmonized legal texts

Digital identity management and trust services play a critical role in promoting e-commerce

Supporting facts:

UNCTRAL has introduced a model law on identity management and trust services.

Digital identity can vary from government accreditations to platform recognitions.

Mutual recognition and interoperability are key to ensuring seamless trading.

Topics: digital identity, e-commerce, trust services

Adapting existing legal frameworks versus introducing entirely new legislation

Supporting facts:

Countries enact legislation to regulate the digital landscape

Some countries prefer adjusting existing frameworks over new legislation

E-commerce and digital trade are rapidly progressing

Topics: Digital Trade, E-commerce, Legal Frameworks, Interoperability, Legal Texts, Technology Neutrality, Future-proofing

Country’s ability to adapt to artificial intelligence and automation that can enter into transactions

Supporting facts:

Artificial Intelligence as higher automation level

AI can buy or sell stock or goods depending on set criteria

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Automation, E-commerce, Digital Trade

Embrace digital change with a conducive legal framework

Supporting facts:

Focusing only on protective aspects of the law could build a ‘fence’ around the country, impeding digital progression

Topics: Digital Economy, Legal Framework, Data Protection, Privacy, Cyber security

Legal framework should also focus on enabling aspects, not just protective ones.

Supporting facts:

Overemphasis on protective aspects can hinder the enabling aspects of digital economy

Topics: Legal Framework, Digital Economy

Report

Their work allows for interconnectivity and interoperability of the legal infrastructure, ensuring effective communication and transactions between different countries. UNCTRAL has been a longtime partner of UNCTAD, further strengthening their role in shaping international trade. Recently, UNCTRAL has developed a model law on electronic transferable records, which gives trade activities the same legal value as traditional paper-based documents.

This promotes paperless trading and facilitates digital trade. They have also introduced a model law on identity management and trust services, which establishes standards for digital identity recognition, enabling seamless trading and trust in digital transactions. It is argued that countries should adapt existing legal frameworks rather than introducing new legislation to regulate the digital landscape.

This allows for a more flexible and efficient response to the rapidly progressing e-commerce and digital trade. Incorporating artificial intelligence and automation into transactions is also important for enhancing efficiency and accuracy. A balanced legal framework is crucial for the digital economy, encompassing both protective measures such as data protection and cybersecurity, as well as enabling aspects that foster innovation and digital progression.

Supporting local communities in developing their own digital solutions is seen as vital for sustainable digital progression. In conclusion, UNCTRAL’s work in creating harmonized legal texts and providing guidance in e-commerce and the digital economy is vital for establishing trust in online transactions.

Their efforts in developing model laws on electronic transferable records and identity management strengthen the legal foundation for digital trade. Adapting existing legal frameworks, incorporating AI and automation, and maintaining a balanced legal framework are crucial for enabling seamless trade and fostering digital innovation.

Supporting local communities in their own digital solutions is key to sustainable digital progression.

Audience

Speech speed

153 words per minute

Speech length

751 words

Speech time

295 secs

Arguments

Encouragement needed for people to build their own technologies to advance digital economy

Supporting facts:

The questioner pointed out the importance of digital infrastructure and mentioned about a government effort to work with local SMEs to help with ecommerce

Topics: digital infrastructure, e-commerce

Pre-pandemic phase witnessed heavy investment in e-commerce by private sector

Supporting facts:

Rocket internet’s investment in Lazada, Shopee and other platforms

Significant growth in e-commerce adoption in Southeast Asia

Topics: Pre-pandemic, E-commerce, Investment

Post-pandemic phase saw the downfall of many e-commerce and marketplaces

Supporting facts:

Draining of funds leading to businesses unable to sustain

Change in perspective to encourage e-commerce adoption

Topics: Post-pandemic, E-commerce, Marketplaces

Correlation between the rise of middle income communities and e-commerce adoption

Supporting facts:

Rise of the middle-income communities leads to increase in e-commerce adoption

Topics: Income, E-commerce, Socio-economic factors

Concern about market fragmentation and search for solutions

Topics: market fragmentation, monopolization, policy solutions

Question on involvement of private companies in e-commerce policy discussions

Topics: private companies, policy making, e-commerce

Appreciation for the panelists and discussions

Supporting facts:

UNACTD partnership appreciated

Discussion addressed challenges in developing countries

Topics: Infrastructure, Development, Homegrown solution

Countries differ in their approaches towards creating a robust and inclusive digital ecosystem

Supporting facts:

Some countries have opted for enacting entirely new legislations

Some countries have chosen to slightly adjust their existing legal and regulatory frameworks

Topics: digital ecosystems, legislation

The interplay of different branches of law in regulating the digital economy and the digital landscape

Supporting facts:

Legal frameworks regulating the digital economy consistently require the interaction of various branches of law

Topics: law of cybersecurity, consumer protection law, competition law

Some countries create new legislation to regulate the digital landscape while others modify existing laws

Supporting facts:

Certain countries enact entirely new laws for digital regulation

Other countries with reluctance to new legislative enactments choose to adjust the existing legal frameworks

Topics: Digital landscape, Legislation, Interoperability

Report

This points to a need for encouragement and support for people to develop their own technologies and contribute to the advancement of the digital economy. Pre-pandemic, there was significant investment in e-commerce by the private sector. Examples were given, such as Rocket Internet’s investment in platforms like Lazada and Shopee, which led to the growth of e-commerce in Southeast Asia.

This investment played a key role in the adoption of e-commerce in the region. However, during the post-pandemic phase, many e-commerce platforms faced challenges and downfall. Draining of funds and the inability of businesses to sustain themselves were mentioned as contributing factors.

The pandemic brought about a change in perspective, and there was a need to encourage e-commerce adoption in order to adapt to the new normal. The rise of middle-income communities was highlighted as a factor contributing to the increase in e-commerce adoption.

As communities move towards middle income levels, their purchasing power and access to digital technologies increase, leading to a greater adoption of e-commerce platforms. The importance of community and nation-building was acknowledged during the discussion. It was emphasised that a country is built by its own people, and their impact cannot be underestimated.

This highlights the need to empower individuals and communities to actively participate in building their countries, including in the context of the digital economy. Concerns were raised about market fragmentation and monopolisation in the digital economy. This calls for solutions to ensure fair competition and reduce inequalities.

There were also questions on the involvement of private companies in e-commerce policy discussions. The audience showed skepticism about private companies’ influence in policymaking due to regulatory concerns, highlighting the need for a balanced market structure. The need for homegrown solutions and infrastructure development was emphasised, particularly in Africa and Nigeria.

It was acknowledged that the digital ecosystem should be built taking into account the specific needs and challenges of developing countries. The partnership with UNACTD was appreciated, and challenges in developing countries were discussed. Different countries approach the creation of a robust and inclusive digital ecosystem differently.

Some countries opt for enacting entirely new legislation, while others choose to adjust their existing legal and regulatory frameworks. This reflects the diverse approaches towards regulating the digital landscape and ensuring its inclusivity. The interplay of different branches of law in regulating the digital economy and the digital landscape was highlighted.

Legal frameworks consistently require the interaction of various branches of law to effectively govern the digital economy. Several questions were asked during the discussion. One question was whether to enact new legislation or adjust existing laws to create an inclusive digital ecosystem.

Another inquiry was about how UNCTRAL model laws are enacted. The audience was also interested in learning which method is better for ensuring the interoperability of legal texts across borders. Overall, the discussions shed light on the importance of encouraging individuals to build their own technologies, the challenges faced by e-commerce platforms in the post-pandemic phase, the impact of middle-income communities on e-commerce adoption, the significance of community and nation-building, concerns about market fragmentation and monopolisation, the need for homegrown solutions and infrastructure development, the different approaches towards creating a robust and inclusive digital ecosystem, and the interplay of different branches of law in regulating the digital landscape.

The audience expressed skepticism about private companies’ involvement in policymaking and sought guidance on legal enactments and ensuring interoperability of legal texts. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities and opportunities in the digital economy and e-commerce sector.

H.E. Marchel Gerrmann

Speech speed

142 words per minute

Speech length

817 words

Speech time

346 secs

Arguments

Investing in the digital economy can help small and medium-sized enterprises to become stronger, more productive, and more sustainable

Supporting facts:

SMEs are the drivers of the economy

Digital trade has the potential to boost innovation, create jobs, and tackle inequalities

Topics: Digital Economy, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Sustainable Development

The Dutch foreign trade and international cooperation policy has shifted attention towards digital and sustainable transitions

Supporting facts:

Rapid digital development impacts all long-term objectives of the Dutch foreign trade and international cooperation policy

The twin transition presents opportunities for inclusion and employment of young people in the field of agri-tech, fintech and e-commerce

Topics: Dutch Foreign Trade, International Cooperation, Sustainable Transitions

Digitalization should be taken into account from the beginning when designing programs

Supporting facts:

Digitalization is a leverage point and a tool for increasing development results

Topics: digitalization, program designing

Community of practitioners must share successful examples to scale up

Supporting facts:

There are successful examples in the field of agriculture using satellite data

Topics: scaling up, community collaboration

Use language that everyone understands while discussing challenges and opportunities

Supporting facts:

Using common language will help in scaling up the process

Topics: communication, inclusivity

Report

The commitment to investing in technical assistance for inclusive digitalization highlights the importance of providing reliable digital platforms and services for all, including farmers and entrepreneurs. When designing programs, it is crucial to consider digitalization from the beginning. By fully harnessing the power of digital technologies, programs can achieve better development results.

Digitalization should be integrated into program design processes to ensure effective implementation and maximize potential for positive change. Sharing successful examples and collaborating as a community of practitioners is essential for scaling up initiatives. By learning from and replicating successful practices, communities can advance together towards their goals.

Collaboration and knowledge-sharing are crucial for scaling up the impact of digital initiatives and addressing societal challenges. In addition to effective communication and collaboration, using a common language that everyone understands is crucial for successful scaling up. By emphasizing inclusivity and ensuring clarity in discussing challenges and opportunities, stakeholders can work together effectively towards reducing inequalities.

Considering digitalization from program design enables effective implementation. Collaboration and knowledge-sharing among practitioners drive scaling up initiatives. Inclusive communication facilitates progress in reducing inequalities.

H.E. Massandjé Toure-Litse

Speech speed

129 words per minute

Speech length

1318 words

Speech time

612 secs

Arguments

ECOWAS Commission recognizes the potential of digitalization in economic diversification, employment creation and boosting stability

Supporting facts:

The ECOWAS member states have adopted a strategy and implementation plan for e-commerce for 2023-2025

As per the WTO, many countries, including ECOWAS, will be affected by the rise of digital commerce

Topics: Digital economy, Inclusion, Sustainability, E-commerce

ECOWAS commission gives major importance to e-commerce as it offers further opportunities for growth

Supporting facts:

In Ghana, in 2021, there was a major rise in export values, up from US$99 million in 2008

Digital industries have the possibility to have cascading effects on linked and adjoining industries

Topics: E-commerce, Digitalization, Job creation

ECOWAS emphasizes the need to cooperate and coordinate actions in the digital sphere, ensuring sustainable results

Topics: Digital economy, Cooperation, Sustainable Development

Effective digital commerce and e-commerce implementation requires cooperation among governments, stakeholders, and international organizations

Supporting facts:

H.E. Massandjé Toure-Litse is part of a legislative organization of the United Nations that provides assistance at the request of member states for the implementation of digital commerce and e-commerce.

She mentioned the example of their work with UNDP to evaluate legal texts and assist states in their implementation.

She stressed the importance of accompanying small players, like SMEs, while setting up these platforms.

Topics: digital commerce, collaboration, legal infrastructure

Report

This forward-looking approach indicates their commitment to capitalising on the rise of digital commerce, which is expected to have a significant impact not only on ECOWAS but also on other countries worldwide, as highlighted by the World Trade Organization (WTO).

This emphasis on partnerships reflects ECOWAS’ belief in the power of collective action in achieving shared goals and outcomes. To effectively track the progress and impact of e-commerce development, ECOWAS recognises the need for improved statistical data. By having accurate and comprehensive statistics, policymakers and stakeholders can gain valuable insights into the emerging trends and patterns within the e-commerce sector.

This information serves as a vital tool for informed decision-making and targeted interventions. ECOWAS also underscores the importance of cooperation and coordination in the digital sphere. By fostering a culture of collaboration among member states, ECOWAS aims to ensure sustainable results from their collective efforts in digitalisation.

This approach aligns with their commitment to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), demonstrating their dedication to inclusive and sustainable development. Furthermore, ECOWAS highlights the significance of cooperation among governments, stakeholders, and international organisations in the effective implementation of digital commerce and e-commerce.

They note that successful implementation necessitates close coordination and cooperation at various levels, enabling the creation and enforcement of regulatory frameworks, capacity building initiatives, and the facilitation of cross-border trade. In line with these efforts, ECOWAS, through the appointment of H.E.

Massandjé Toure-Litse, actively engages in legislative organisations of the United Nations that offer assistance for the implementation of digital commerce and e-commerce at the request of member states. The partnership with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in evaluating legal texts and providing support to states in implementing e-commerce platforms exemplifies ECOWAS’ commitment to accompanying small players, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in their digital ventures.

Additionally, she urges active participation from countries in the working groups that develop model texts and conventions, solidifying ECOWAS’ commitment to inclusive and participatory decision-making processes. In conclusion, ECOWAS acknowledges the transformative potential of digitalisation, particularly in the field of e-commerce, and is making significant strides in harnessing these opportunities.

Their focus on cooperation, partnerships, data-driven decision-making, and strong legal infrastructure underscores their commitment to inclusive and sustainable economic development in the region. By leveraging the power of digital commerce, ECOWAS aims to drive economic diversification, create employment opportunities, and ensure stability, ultimately contributing to the achievement of the UN’s SDGs.

H.E. Prasith Suon

Speech speed

90 words per minute

Speech length

1573 words

Speech time

1050 secs

Arguments

Cambodia has witnessed the rapid growth of e-commerce in the last five years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Supporting facts:

The journey of e-commerce development in Cambodia started with the e-trade readiness assessment conducted by UNCTAD in 2017

Cambodia implemented the recommendation effectively and made a remarkable progress, becoming a top performance country in UNCTAD’s second e-trade readiness implementation review

Topics: e-commerce, COVID-19

Cambodia has developed various legal and policy frameworks to support e-commerce ecosystem and consumer rights.

Supporting facts:

The e-commerce strategy provided a roadmap for creating a robust ecosystem and fostering the growth of digital trade in the country

Key legislation included the law on e-commerce, law on consumer protection and law on competition

Topics: e-commerce, legal framework, policy framework

Private sector participation is crucial for the success of e-commerce initiatives.

Supporting facts:

Cambodia’s approach involved active engagement of private sector stakeholders in policy discussions and formulation

The government has received support from development partners for implementing projects such as Go for ECAM and Sea Trade for SME

Topics: e-commerce, private sector

CambodianTrade platform is boosting digital adoption and transformation amongst Cambodian SMEs

Supporting facts:

166 SMEs are on board with CambodianTrade, almost half of them are provincial and women-led SMEs

SMEs can display products and communicate with potential clients directly, free of charge, with fully integrated logistic service providers and payment gateways

Topics: e-commerce, SMEs

CambodianTrade is building and strengthening the capacities of SMEs through digitalization and export readiness training

Supporting facts:

Provided various trainings and support to SMEs during and after onboarding process

Collaborative support from UNDP Cambodia and Khmer Enterprise assist SMEs through innovative challenges

Topics: capacity building, SMEs, training

CambodianTrade offers international exposures to the SMEs

Supporting facts:

The platform boosts SME branding internationally through various social media platforms

SMEs have the opportunity to showcase their products and engage in business matching through domestic and international expo events

Topics: e-commerce, international exposure, SMEs

CambodianTrade provides access to finance and resources for SMEs through venture capital

Supporting facts:

Promoted the awareness to SMEs to interest of value chain in Cambodia and in the ASEAN regional for investment in Cambodia’s e-commerce sector

Topics: finance, venture capital, SMEs

Build a conducive legal framework for digital economy

Supporting facts:

Enabling all the ecosystem itself

All ecosystem are now ready to endorse the legal part

Topics: digital economy, legal framework

Implement the legal framework, don’t wait

Supporting facts:

Regional agreement allowing to move forward with the e-commerce law

Legal system in place attracts more investment

Topics: digital economy, implementation

Report

As a result, Cambodia has emerged as a top-performing country in UNCTAD’s second e-trade readiness implementation review. To support the development of the e-commerce ecosystem and protect consumer rights, Cambodia has established various legal and policy frameworks. These include the enactment of key legislation such as the laws on e-commerce, consumer protection, and competition.

These laws provide a solid foundation for a robust and secure e-commerce environment. Private sector participation is crucial for the success of e-commerce initiatives, and Cambodia has actively engaged private sector stakeholders in policy discussions and formulation. The government has also received support from development partners for implementing projects such as Go for ECAM and Sea Trade for SME.

This collaborative approach ensures that the e-commerce ecosystem is well-supported and can thrive. Cambodia actively participates in e-commerce negotiations and discussions at both regional and multilateral levels. The country is party to various regional and bilateral agreements, including the ASEAN agreement on e-commerce and the regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP).

These agreements facilitate regional cooperation and create opportunities for further e-commerce growth. The CambodianTrade platform has played a significant role in boosting digital adoption and transformation among Cambodian SMEs. It provides a platform for 166 SMEs, including provincial and women-led businesses, to showcase their products and directly communicate with potential clients.

The platform also offers fully integrated logistic service providers and payment gateways, enabling SMEs to conduct business efficiently. To further support SMEs, Cambodia focuses on building and strengthening their capacities through digitalization and export readiness training. Various trainings and support have been provided to SMEs during and after the onboarding process.

UNDP Cambodia and Khmer Enterprise collaborate to assist SMEs in overcoming innovative challenges and enhancing their competitiveness. The CambodianTrade platform not only boosts domestic trade but also offers international exposure to Cambodian SMEs. SMEs have the opportunity to showcase their products on various social media platforms and engage in business matching through domestic and international expos.

This exposure enhances their branding internationally and opens doors to new markets and partnerships. Access to finance and resources is vital for the growth of SMEs in the e-commerce sector. CambodianTrade provides such access through venture capital, promoting the interest of value chain investors in Cambodia’s e-commerce sector.

This support encourages the development of innovative and sustainable business models among SMEs. To create a conducive environment for the digital economy, Cambodia focuses on building a robust legal framework. The ecosystem itself is now ready to endorse the legal aspects of the digital economy.

Implementing the legal framework promptly, without delay, is crucial for attracting more investment and driving further growth in the e-commerce sector. The endorsement of e-commerce laws is particularly significant in instilling confidence in investors. Some countries may be hesitant to endorse their e-commerce laws, but having a legal system in place strengthens investor trust and facilitates a secure and transparent e-commerce environment.

Building a conducive legal framework and endorsing e-commerce laws are crucial for attracting investment and ensuring a secure and transparent e-commerce environment. With ongoing efforts, Cambodia is well-positioned to continue its growth in the e-commerce sector.

H.E. Sithembiso G. G. Nyoni

Speech speed

139 words per minute

Speech length

1279 words

Speech time

551 secs

Arguments

Zimbabwe is ready for rolling out e-commerce

Supporting facts:

Zimbabwe has charged all universities to embark on relevant development research

Government of Zimbabwe crafted a computer crime and a cyber crime act

Government e-system platform Zim Connect portal where citizens can get different government services online

Community information centers built throughout the country about 200 of them

Topics: e-commerce, digital infrastructure, government e-system platform

Zimbabwe needs partnership in infrastructure and financial inclusion to further e-commerce development

Supporting facts:

Zimbabwe has 92% connectivity on mobile but needs to improve the fiber backbone into the rural areas

Initiatives need to increase access to digital payment and financial services for people, especially in the rural areas

Topics: Partnerships for Infrastructure, Financial Inclusion, E-commerce development

Private enterprises are important in policy making

Supporting facts:

Minister Nyoni’s import in involving private sector in the development of Zimbabwe industrial policy and commercial policy.

Example of gold-based transaction policy developed with collaboration between Reserve Bank and the private sector

Topics: Policy Creation, Private Sector Involvement

Improving the digital infrastructure is key to enhancing e-commerce

Supporting facts:

Without improving the digital infrastructure, e-commerce cannot be improved

Topics: e-commerce, digital infrastructure

Involvement of both government and private sector is necessary to upgrade digital infrastructure

Supporting facts:

Need for partnerships to develop hard infrastructure like fiber

Universities are developing capacity and skills for soft infrastructure

Topics: Private sector, Government, Partnerships

Zimbabwe is welcoming partners to develop infrastructure

Supporting facts:

Zimbabwe is open for partnerships to work on infrastructure development

Topics: Zimbabwe, Partnerships

Collaboration and cooperation between government, private sector and development partners is vital for enhancing digital commerce activities

Supporting facts:

Government should provide an enabling environment through policies and legislation

Private sector should cooperate among each other for maximum network accessibility

Development partners should be responsive to needs of people, government, and private sector

Topics: Collaboration, Cooperation, Digital commerce, Government, Private sector, Development partners

Lennise Ng

Speech speed

148 words per minute

Speech length

1179 words

Speech time

479 secs

Arguments

Government investment and collaboration with tech enterprises is crucial for MSME digitalization.

Supporting facts:

Malaysian government has invested in local businesses to adopt digital solutions.

Singaporean government co-creates new tech products for their communities.

Over 200,000 local businesses digitized their wholesale trade experience using Dropy’s solution.

Topics: Government support, Digitalization, E-commerce, MSMEs

Strong digital infrastructure is vital for businesses

Supporting facts:

Some economies struggle with poor digital connectivity, particularly in rural areas

The Indonesian government has announced initiatives to address this infrastructure challenge

Topics: Digital Economy, Infrastructure, Business

Increasing financial inclusion requires investment in private and public partnerships

Supporting facts:

Worked with Malaysian government and local development banks to tailor-made MSME financing products

Used data and AI tools to disperse financing products with a non-performing loan score of less than 2% per annum

Topics: Financial Inclusion, Partnerships, Investment

Encouraging women entrepreneurs can create more inclusive solutions

Supporting facts:

Women entrepreneurs understand the struggles of women adopting digital solutions and can create more relatable approaches

Topics: Women Empowerment, Entrepreneurship, Inclusion

E-commerce began flourishing in Southeast Asia pre-pandemic with significant investments from firms like Rocket internet, leading to the creation of platforms like Lazada and Shopee.

Supporting facts:

Rocket internet invested lots of money into the Southeast Asia region leading to a huge wave of e-commerce adoption there.

Despite the existence of B2B and B2C platforms, e-commerce did not rapidly take up in the region before Rocket internet’s involvement

Topics: E-commerce, Investment, Rocket Internet, Lazada, Shopee

Post-pandemic, many of these e-commerce platforms could not sustain as they ran out of funds.

Topics: E-commerce, Pandemic, Financial sustainability

There needs to be a shift in perspective to promote e-commerce in communities with enough money to spend online.

Supporting facts:

There is a correlation between the rise of middle-income communities and the rise of e-commerce adoption.

Topics: E-commerce, Consumer behavior, Affordability

M-

Moderator – Isabelle Kumar

Speech speed

143 words per minute

Speech length

3358 words

Speech time

1410 secs

Arguments

Some countries are at different stages of readiness to take advantage of digital opportunities

Supporting facts:

As per Pedro Manuel Moreno, the e-trade readiness assessment highlighted strong potential for e-commerce in Ghana, following large investments in ICT infrastructure. Meanwhile, Mauritania validates its e-trade readiness assessment as a tool for operationalizing the country’s ambitious national digital transformation agenda 2022-2025.

Topics: Digital divide, e-commerce, readiness

Governments are ambitious in reducing the digital divides

Supporting facts:

As per Pedro Moreno ECOWAS adopted its first e-commerce strategy. Kenya is launching its first national e-commerce strategy. Tunisia is implementing an action-plan contributing to digitalization of the central bank’s information system. Zimbabwe is about to embark on this journey.

Topics: Digital divide, government initiative

Importance of moving from policy recommendations to implemented initiatives in e-commerce

Supporting facts:

Moderator’s question to Minister Abdullahi Lulia indicates the need for practical groundwork in terms of execution of policy recommendation rather than just making them.

Topics: e-commerce, implementation, policies

Understanding specific countries’ challenges is essential for developing comprehensive digital transformation strategies

Supporting facts:

Mohamed Abdallahi Louly, the speaker, outlined seven primary challenges faced by his country, including limited Internet infrastructure, payment and finance barriers, lack of trust and security, logistical and infrastructural concerns, patterns of market fragmentation, and a digital literacy gap.

Topics: Internet Infrastructure, Digital Literacy, Market Fragmentation

Promising avenues to address these challenges include the growth of the ICT sector, the uptake of mobile money, and the introduction of digital currencies

Supporting facts:

The speaker mentioned the success of digital wallets, with some activities moving from 11% electronic based to 44% electronic based.

Topics: ICT Sector, Mobile Money, Digital Currencies

Diagnostic studies, like UNCTAD’s e-trade readiness assessment, can help countries develop a roadmap for building an enabling environment for e-commerce

Supporting facts:

Isabelle Kumar, the moderator, asked about the potential benefit of a diagnostic study in developing a roadmap for coping with technology-related challenges.

Topics: E-Trade Readiness Assessment, UNCTAD

Zimbabwe is ready to implement e-commerce.

Supporting facts:

Zimbabwe has started embarking on creating both soft and hard digital infrastructure.

The country is in the process of drafting a computer crime and a cyber crime act.

Zimbabwe currently has about 200 community information centers.

Different government services can be accessed online through Zim Connect portal.

Topics: Digital Economy, Infrastructure, E-commerce, Research

Zimbabwe seeks partnership with UNCTAD to refine their e-commerce implementation.

Supporting facts:

Zimbabwe wants UNCTAD to identify gaps in their e-commerce implementation, assess barriers to their roadmap, and help develop tools to measure their progress.

Topics: Partnership for Goals, E-commerce, Digital Infrastructure, Research

Cambodia’s commitment to make e-commerce a national development priority

Supporting facts:

Cambodia’s journey started with an e-trade readiness assessment in 2017, which was later followed by a national strategy and the creation of a public-led platform.

The country’s last e-week in Geneva saw the launch of the Cambodia trade marketplace, a flagship initiative towards developing an inclusive digital economy and society.

Topics: e-commerce development, policy implementation, digital economy, inclusive digital society

Importance of the support of development partners in encouraging cross-border trade and develop robust ecommerce ecosystem

Supporting facts:

Cambodia has received support from development partners for the implementing projects including Go for ECAM and Sea Trade for SME, which has a strong orientation toward e-commerce and cross-border trade

Topics: Cross-border trade, Ecommerce development, Partnership

Isabelle emphasizes the importance of UNCTRAL’s role in developing harmonized legal texts for e-commerce and the digital economy

Supporting facts:

UNCTRAL provides assistance to governments to prepare laws and regulations

These laws are crucial for building trust in online transactions

UNCTRAL has contributed to many e-trade readiness assessments, including in Mauritania

Topics: UNCTRAL, e-commerce, digital economy, legal texts

Komoran Trade is a successful e-commerce platform in Cambodia, especially for SMEs that are provincial, women-led enterprises.

Supporting facts:

Currently, 166 SMEs are using the platform, almost half the number are provincial and women-led SMEs

The platform is under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Commerce of Cambodia

It provides an opportunity for SMEs to connect with domestic and cross-border buyers and business partners free of charge.

Offers a fully integrated logistic service providers and payment gateways.

Topics: e-commerce, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Digitalization, Women-led enterprises

Importance of collaboration in developing digital commerce platform

Supporting facts:

Mohamed Abdallahi Louly mentions an agenda for digital economy that is a collaboration between government ministries and partners of developments

A High Council of Digital led by the Prime Minister emphasizes the importance of the digital commerce platform

Topics: Digital Commerce, Collaboration, Digital Economy

The need for a legal landscape for e-commerce that is comprehensive and inclusive

Supporting facts:

Isabelle Kumar talks about ensuring that legal texts and frameworks take into account the interests of all actors

Ongoing dialogue with key partners, stakeholders in e-commerce, central bank, ministry, etc. mentioned by Mohamed Abdallahi Louly implies the need for a robust legal landscape

Topics: E-Commerce, Legal Framework

The process of developing legal frameworks should not be in silos

Supporting facts:

H.E. Massandjé Toure-Litse stressed the importance of assistance in implementation of legal infrastructure and how the organization works with different organizations such as UNDP

He also mentioned that the focus should not solely be on large companies like Amazon, but also on the smallest players

Topics: Legislative Organization, United Nations, E-commerce, SMEs

Appreciates the local adaptations of global business models

Supporting facts:

Cited examples of local Uber-like and Uber Eats-like companies being developed in Mohamed Abdallahi Louly’s country to suit their specific needs.

Mentioned how these locally developed solutions can be more inclusive.

Topics: Local Businesses, E-commerce, Technology

Market fragmentation challenge can be addressed by standardizing trust in platforms

Supporting facts:

Standardization of a platform to be labeled as a trusted and technically acceptable solution

When one or two companies can get the label, they will have the support and then they will succeed

Topics: Market Fragmentation, E-commerce, Start-up Act

Moderator enquiring on ways to improve the digital infrastructure to enable a better e-commerce

Supporting facts:

Question from John Odona, Head of Business Development and Special Projects at Fortis Mobile Money about improving inadequate infrastructure for better e-commerce and digital trade in Africa

Topics: e-commerce, digital infrastructure

Have a holistic approach, end-to-end vision while considering specific context of each country

Supporting facts:

Mentioned by the Minister Luli of Mauritania

Suggested to build from the specific context of each country

Topics: Trade, e-trade, Digital Trade

Encourages collaboration across the board, involving private sector and development partners

Supporting facts:

Involves getting private sector to work together to lay groundwork

Topics: Private sector, Development partners

Build a conducive legal environment for enabling a digital ecosystem

Supporting facts:

As mentioned by the Ambassador

Enables immediate implementation

Avoids making it too restrictive

Topics: Digital ecosystem, Legal environment

Report

Similarly, Mauritania validated its e-trade readiness assessment, which is seen as a crucial tool in operationalising the country’s ambitious national digital transformation agenda. Governments such as ECOWAS, Kenya, Tunisia, and Zimbabwe were commended for their ambitious strategies in reducing digital divides.

ECOWAS adopted its first e-commerce strategy, Kenya is launching its first national e-commerce strategy, Tunisia is implementing an action plan to contribute to the digitalisation of the central bank’s information system, and Zimbabwe is about to embark on a journey towards e-commerce.

These efforts reflect a strong commitment by governments to bridge the digital divide and create opportunities for their citizens. It was emphasised that moving from policy recommendations to implemented initiatives is crucial in e-commerce. Merely making policy recommendations is not enough; practical groundwork and execution of these recommendations are essential.

The importance of executing policies for effective e-commerce was highlighted during the discussion. Specific challenges facing countries include limited internet infrastructure, payment and finance barriers, lack of trust and security, logistical and infrastructural concerns, market fragmentation, and a digital literacy gap.

Overcoming these challenges requires the growth of the ICT sector, the uptake of mobile money, and the introduction of digital currencies. These promising avenues can address the various barriers to e-commerce. Diagnostic studies, such as UNCTAD’s e-trade readiness assessment, were acknowledged as valuable tools for countries to develop a roadmap for building an enabling environment for e-commerce.

These studies help identify areas of improvement and guide countries in enhancing their e-commerce capabilities. Zimbabwe, in particular, is ready to implement e-commerce with its efforts to create both soft and hard digital infrastructure. They have made progress in creating a conducive environment for e-commerce, including drafting a computer crime and a cybercrime act.

Currently, Zimbabwe has about 200 community information centres, and different government services can be accessed online through the Zim Connect portal. Zimbabwe seeks partnership with UNCTAD to refine their e-commerce implementation. They aim to collaborate with UNCTAD to identify gaps in their e-commerce implementation, assess barriers to their roadmap, and develop tools to measure their progress.

Legal texts and frameworks should take into account the interests of all actors involved and ensure a robust legal landscape. The role of organisations like UNCTAD in providing assistance to governments in preparing these laws and regulations was acknowledged. Trust in online transactions was highlighted as essential for the effective functioning of e-commerce.

Without trust, consumers may hesitate to engage in online transactions, hindering the growth of e-commerce. Mauritania was mentioned as an example where the lack of trust is a challenge that needs to be addressed. Efforts to support women-led SMEs and provincial businesses through e-commerce platforms were recognised.

Cambodia’s Komoran Trade platform, supervised by the Ministry of Commerce, provides an opportunity for SMEs to connect with domestic and cross-border buyers and business partners. This initiative supports gender equality and inclusive economic growth by enabling women-led enterprises to participate in e-commerce.

Observations from the discussion include the appreciation for local adaptations of global business models. Locally developed solutions that cater to specific needs were mentioned, highlighting their inclusiveness and effectiveness. The importance of a conducive digital ecosystem and the role of the government in fostering small businesses and the startup ecosystem were supported.

The release of laws designed to support small businesses and startups in Mohamed Abdallahi Louly’s country was acknowledged as a positive step. Market fragmentation challenges in e-commerce can be addressed by standardising trust in platforms. The idea of labelling platforms as trusted and technically acceptable solutions was discussed, which could provide support and opportunities for success to those platforms.

It was stressed that exclusion should be eradicated at all costs, and efforts should be made to ensure equal access and opportunities for all. This reflects a commitment to reducing inequalities and promoting inclusive economic growth through e-commerce. In conclusion, the discussion highlighted the importance of e-commerce readiness, reducing digital divides, and fostering inclusive digital ecosystems in various countries.

Governments, development partners, and organisations such as UNCTAD play crucial roles in supporting countries in their e-commerce implementation efforts. Collaboration, practical implementation of policies, trust in online transactions, and inclusive approaches were among the key factors discussed in developing successful e-commerce ecosystems.

By addressing challenges, investing in infrastructure, and fostering partnerships, countries can leverage the potential of e-commerce for economic growth and social development.

Mohamed Abdallahi Louly

Speech speed

136 words per minute

Speech length

1765 words

Speech time

780 secs

Arguments

Mauritania’s government is prioritizing digital transformation to modernize the country and spur the development of e-commerce.

Supporting facts:

Mauritania’s National Digital Transformation Agenda runs from 2022 to 2025.

The country has established two important laws on e-commerce

Topics: e-commerce, digital transformation, modernization

The country continues to face significant challenges in its pursuit of e-commerce development, including limited Internet infrastructure, payment and financial obstacles, security and trust issues, logistic hurdles, regulatory concerns, a digital literacy gap, and market fragmentation.

Supporting facts:

The development of e-commerce is confined to two main cities with limited activities in the rest of the country.

The country has seen limited success with electronic wallets.

More than 14 websites are involved in online e-commerce in Mauritania, indicating a highly fragmented market.

Topics: Internet infrastructure, payment and financial barriers, security and trust, logistics and infrastructure, regulatory hurdles, digital literacy, market fragmentation

National Digital Transformation Agenda of Mauritania is a country-wide document with inputs from several parties.

Supporting facts:

The DNA was developed with participation from various government ministries and development partners.

Two major projects have already seen success in the implementation process.

Topics: Digital Transformation

Continuous dialogue with stakeholders is essential for successful digital transition.

Supporting facts:

Continued discussions with key e-commerce partners, central bank, Ministry of Commerce have helped shape the process.

A workshop with participation from the Ministry of Commerce has taken place.

Topics: Stakeholder Engagement, Digital Transition

The High Council of Digital aids in the governance and decision-making process.

Supporting facts:

High Council of Digital is composed of seven ministries and is led by the Prime Minister.

Topics: Governance, Decision-making

Local businesses are being encouraged to develop and build their own technologies to enable e-commerce

Supporting facts:

The speaker cites two examples of Uber-like companies that have been started by local businesses and developed entirely by local competencies

The speaker described the solutions as more inclusive as they cater to specific local contexts and even accommodate people without the requisite competencies to order via normal channels

Topics: E-commerce, Local businesses, Technology development

Addressing market fragmentation through standardized trust in e-commerce platforms

Supporting facts:

The fragmentation exists because there is no standard for a platform to be labeled as trustworthy

Involvement in the process of establishing fitness standards for platforms

Introduction of Startup Act

Topics: Market fragmentation, Trust, Standardization

Capitalizing on existing infrastructure is essential to extend connectivity

Supporting facts:

They are advancing discussions with local energy company for creating city networks using fiber optics

80% cost of fiber optics is in digging, hence planning with different sectors that involve digging can save resources

Topics: Infrastructure, Fiber Optics, Connectivity, Telecommunication

Investment is imperative to build infrastructure

Supporting facts:

No progress can be made without investment

$30 million have been mobilized in infrastructure

Topics: Investment, Infrastructure, Budget

E-commerce should be viewed as an end-to-end experience, not only focussed on technology but also infrastructure, delivery, warehousing, transportation system

Topics: E-commerce, Technology, Infrastructure, Delivery, Warehousing, Transportation system

Importance of considering the specific context of each country including regulatory aspects, ways to build trust, and strategies to overcome the digital literacy gap when enhancing the digital economy

Topics: Digital Economy, Literacy Gap, Regulation, Trust

Report

The High Council of Digital, composed of seven ministries and led by the Prime Minister, aids in the governance and decision-making process. The government encourages local businesses to develop their own technologies for e-commerce, enabling more inclusive solutions that cater to specific local contexts.

They have also released laws supporting small business start-ups and providing incentives for import and local market share. Efforts are being made to address market fragmentation and standardise trust in e-commerce platforms. The government advocates for defined standards and supports companies that meet them.

Capitalising on existing infrastructure, such as fibre optics, is seen as essential for extending connectivity. Investment is imperative to build the necessary infrastructure for e-commerce development, and $30 million has already been mobilised for this purpose. Satellite opportunities, like Starlink, have been utilised to connect remote areas and reduce inequalities.

By leveraging existing infrastructure, making necessary investments, and promoting standardisation and trust, Mauritania can establish a strong foundation for its digital economy and drive sustainable growth.

Pedro Manuel Moreno

Speech speed

137 words per minute

Speech length

1034 words

Speech time

453 secs

Arguments

Support from ANCTA and partners has contributed to great achievements in the field of e-commerce.

Supporting facts:

ECOWAS adopted its first e-commerce strategy.

The government of Kenya is launching its national e-commerce strategy.

The government of Tunisia is implementing an action plan to digitize its procedures.

In Ghana, e-trade readiness assessment highlighted strong potential for e-commerce.

Mauritania’s e-trade readiness assessment validated last month.

Cambodia has implemented reforms to enable e-commerce.

Topics: E-commerce, ANCTA Detroit’s readiness support

Capacity building is fundamental for addressing complexities of e-commerce and digital trade.

Supporting facts:

In many developing countries, capacity for strategic planning, stakeholder engagement, monitoring, and evaluation needs improvement.

E-trade readiness assessments provide essential guides for policymaking to promote digital transformation.

Topics: Capacity Building, E-commerce, Digital Trade

Report

Ghana’s e-trade readiness assessment has revealed a strong potential for e-commerce, and Mauritania’s recent e-trade readiness assessment has validated this potential. Additionally, Cambodia has implemented reforms to enable e-commerce, showing dedication to embracing digital transformation. Capacity building is fundamental in addressing the complexities of e-commerce and digital trade.

Many developing countries require improvements in strategic planning, stakeholder engagement, monitoring, and evaluation. E-trade readiness assessments are crucial for informing policymaking and promoting digital transformation by identifying areas of improvement. However, challenges exist in the e-commerce field. More resources and better coordination of interventions are necessary to ensure smooth progress and implementation of e-commerce initiatives.

The pace of resource allocation is not keeping up with the actual needs, indicating a potential gap between demand and supply. Although the e-trade for all initiative plays a significant role, further efforts are needed to bridge this gap and enhance resource allocation.

Fast-tracking a digital economy future in developing countries (UNCTAD)

Table of contents

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Full session report

H.E. Massandjé Toure-Litse

Lennise Ng

H.E. Sithembiso G. G. Nyoni

H.E. Prasith Suon

Moderator – Isabelle Kumar

Mohamed Abdallahi Louly

Anna Joubin Bret

Audience

Pedro Manuel Moreno

H.E. Marchel Gerrmann

Speakers

Anna Joubin Bret

Arguments

UNCTRAL plays a crucial role in creating harmonized legal texts for e-commerce and the digital economy, which are essential to create trust in online transactions.

Adoption of digital means for trade transactions greatly enhances seamless trade

Digital identity management and trust services play a critical role in promoting e-commerce

Adapting existing legal frameworks versus introducing entirely new legislation

Country’s ability to adapt to artificial intelligence and automation that can enter into transactions

Embrace digital change with a conducive legal framework

Legal framework should also focus on enabling aspects, not just protective ones.

Report

Audience

Arguments

Encouragement needed for people to build their own technologies to advance digital economy

Pre-pandemic phase witnessed heavy investment in e-commerce by private sector

Post-pandemic phase saw the downfall of many e-commerce and marketplaces

Correlation between the rise of middle income communities and e-commerce adoption

Concern about market fragmentation and search for solutions

Question on involvement of private companies in e-commerce policy discussions

Appreciation for the panelists and discussions

Countries differ in their approaches towards creating a robust and inclusive digital ecosystem

The interplay of different branches of law in regulating the digital economy and the digital landscape

Some countries create new legislation to regulate the digital landscape while others modify existing laws

Report

H.E. Marchel Gerrmann

Arguments

Investing in the digital economy can help small and medium-sized enterprises to become stronger, more productive, and more sustainable

The Dutch foreign trade and international cooperation policy has shifted attention towards digital and sustainable transitions

Digitalization should be taken into account from the beginning when designing programs

Community of practitioners must share successful examples to scale up

Use language that everyone understands while discussing challenges and opportunities

Report

H.E. Massandjé Toure-Litse

Arguments

ECOWAS Commission recognizes the potential of digitalization in economic diversification, employment creation and boosting stability

ECOWAS commission gives major importance to e-commerce as it offers further opportunities for growth

ECOWAS emphasizes the need to cooperate and coordinate actions in the digital sphere, ensuring sustainable results

Effective digital commerce and e-commerce implementation requires cooperation among governments, stakeholders, and international organizations

Report

H.E. Prasith Suon

Arguments

Cambodia has witnessed the rapid growth of e-commerce in the last five years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cambodia has developed various legal and policy frameworks to support e-commerce ecosystem and consumer rights.

Private sector participation is crucial for the success of e-commerce initiatives.

CambodianTrade platform is boosting digital adoption and transformation amongst Cambodian SMEs

CambodianTrade is building and strengthening the capacities of SMEs through digitalization and export readiness training

CambodianTrade offers international exposures to the SMEs

CambodianTrade provides access to finance and resources for SMEs through venture capital

Build a conducive legal framework for digital economy

Implement the legal framework, don’t wait

Report

H.E. Sithembiso G. G. Nyoni

Arguments

Zimbabwe is ready for rolling out e-commerce

Zimbabwe needs partnership in infrastructure and financial inclusion to further e-commerce development

Private enterprises are important in policy making

Improving the digital infrastructure is key to enhancing e-commerce

Involvement of both government and private sector is necessary to upgrade digital infrastructure

Zimbabwe is welcoming partners to develop infrastructure

Collaboration and cooperation between government, private sector and development partners is vital for enhancing digital commerce activities

Report

Lennise Ng

Arguments

Government investment and collaboration with tech enterprises is crucial for MSME digitalization.

Strong digital infrastructure is vital for businesses