The Tokenization Economy

Arguments

Anthony Scaramucci initially had negative views towards blockchain and Bitcoin

Supporting facts:

• Anthony openly admitted to hating everything about blockchain and Bitcoin, even making tweets about his lack of understanding and indifference.

Topics: Bitcoin, Blockchain

---

There’s a lack of trust between the industry and US regulators.

Supporting facts:

• Legislators don’t know much about the industry.

• There is no collaboration between the industry and regulators.

Topics: Digital assets, Trust, Regulation, Industry

---

We should return to the original framework of collaboration.

Supporting facts:

• Joe Kennedy worked with bankers to understand the problems and correct them.

• The original SEC framework’s hallmark was transparency.

Topics: Collaboration, Original framework, Digital assets

---

Politisation of Business regulations hinders growth and innovation

Supporting facts:

• Regulators around the world often allow regulatory authority to have some political independence

Topics: Business Regulations, Political interference, Crypto

---

United States should retain its financial service leadership and embrace innovation like Cryptocurrency

Supporting facts:

• The US has been the mantle of leadership for financial services for over 100 years

• Crypto innovations is inevitable

Topics: Financial Services Leadership, Crypto, Innovation

---

Report

Anthony Scaramucci, a former White House aide, initially held negative views towards blockchain and Bitcoin, openly admitting his lack of understanding and indifference towards these technologies. However, during his time in the White House, Scaramucci’s perspective shifted when he was presented with a white paper on the digitisation and tokenisation of the U.S.

dollar. This introduction to the concept of cryptocurrency and blockchain led him to recognise their potential and inevitability. Scaramucci now believes that those who dismiss cryptocurrency either do so for regulatory reasons or due to a lack of understanding. He has expressed a keen interest in investing in crypto firms and initial public offerings (IPOs), even stating his intent to participate in the Circle IPO.

This indicates his growing confidence in the crypto industry. However, there is a concerning lack of trust between the crypto industry and U.S. regulators. Legislators have limited knowledge about the industry, and there is insufficient collaboration between regulators and industry players.

To address this issue, there is an argument to return to the original framework of collaboration, as demonstrated by Joe Kennedy’s work with bankers and the emphasis on transparency in the original Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) framework. Furthermore, Scaramucci supports the establishment of a self-regulatory organisation within the crypto industry.

The example of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), which successfully combats fraud and enforces compliance, serves as a model for such an organisation. This could help ensure responsible practices within the crypto industry. Additionally, the politicisation of business regulations is viewed as a hindrance to growth and innovation in the crypto sector.

When regulatory authority is subject to political interference, it can impede progress and stifle entrepreneurial efforts. In terms of the broader financial services industry, Scaramucci argues that the United States should retain its position as a leader and embrace innovative technologies like cryptocurrency.

He emphasises the historical role the U.S. has played in financial services and suggests that it should continue to embrace progress and change. Importantly, potential Treasury Secretary candidate Gary has lectured on crypto technology at MIT and does not hold a hostile stance towards crypto.

This open-mindedness and familiarity with the technology from a key government official could have significant implications for the future of crypto regulation in the U.S. In summary, Anthony Scaramucci’s views on blockchain and Bitcoin have evolved from initial scepticism to recognition of their potential.

He now supports cryptocurrency and blockchain, expresses interest in investing in the industry, and advocates for the establishment of a self-regulatory organisation. The lack of trust between the industry and U.S. regulators, the politicisation of business regulations, and the need to preserve the United States’ financial service leadership are additional concerns raised.

These observations provide insights into the evolving landscape of crypto regulation and its potential impact on the industry’s future.

Arguments

Banks need help with blockchain regularization for their acceptance and advancement

Supporting facts:

• Investment into a company in Switzerland, Torus, which handles regularization of blockchain for banks

• Belief in the necessity of thinking across borders and utilizing AI

Topics: Blockchain, Banking, AI, Tokenization

---

The regulation of digital assets is a globally recognized issue.

Supporting facts:

• The Financial Stability Board (FSB) and the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) published high-level digital assets regulation recommendations.

• Europe has enacted the Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulation.

Topics: Digital assets regulation, FSB and IOSCO recommendations, MECA, Global regulatory community

---

Report

During the discussion, the speakers addressed several key topics related to the regulation of blockchain in the banking sector, the tokenization of bank customers, the regulation of digital assets, and challenges in adapting regulatory principles at a local level. One positive development mentioned was the investment made into a Swiss company called Torus, which specialises in the regularisation of blockchain for banks.

This investment was seen as a significant step forward, highlighting the recognition of the need for assistance in this area. It was emphasised that banks require support in adapting to and implementing blockchain technology for their acceptance and advancement. Another important point raised was the feasibility and necessity of enabling known bank customers to benefit from tokenisation.

The speakers argued that existing knowledge about bank customers can be leveraged in the tokenisation process, making it a feasible step for enhancing financial services. This sentiment was expressed positively, highlighting the potential for tokenisation to contribute to decent work and economic growth, as well as reduced inequalities.

The regulation of digital assets was recognised as a globally important issue. The Financial Stability Board (FSB) and the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) were mentioned as having published high-level recommendations to address this concern. Additionally, Europe has taken action by enacting the Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulation.

This indicates that there is growing international recognition of the need for regulatory frameworks for digital assets. However, it was noted that the principle of ‘same activity, same risk, same regulation’ presents challenges when it comes to local adaptation. While the concept of uniform regulations for activities with similar risks is globally accepted, adapting these principles to local contexts poses its own set of challenges.

This observation was made neutrally, underscoring the need for finding a balance between global standards and local regulatory requirements. Overall, the discussion highlighted the increasing importance of blockchain regularisation for banks, the potential of tokenisation in benefitting bank customers, the need for global regulation of digital assets, and the challenges in adapting regulatory principles to local contexts.

The investment in Torus, the recognition of bank customer knowledge for tokenisation, and the high-level recommendations from FSB and IOSCO were notable evidence supporting the arguments made. The conclusion drawn was the necessity of collaboration between industry stakeholders and regulatory bodies to effectively address these issues.

Arguments

Tokenization of real-world assets can reach more people

Supporting facts:

• Tokenization allows a digital representation of assets on a blockchain

• It can be applied to various assets like cash, securitized assets, real estate, oil

Topics: Tokenization, Financial Inclusion, Blockchain

---

Lack of focus on utility and value of blockchain technology

Supporting facts:

• Denelle mentions the lack of focus on the function and applicability of blockchain technology

Topics: blockchain technology, development of blockchain, financial inclusion

---

Blockchain can be a tool for financial access

Supporting facts:

• Blockchain can be used for tokenization of cash, money market funds, and bonds which can foster financial accessibility

Topics: blockchain technology, financial access

---

Franklin Templeton used Stellar’s open and public network for the tokenization of money market funds.

Supporting facts:

• Franklin Templeton was attracted to Stellar’s open network.

• It examined the network’s efficiency, accuracy, and potential expansion benefits.

• The company was introduced to Stellar in 2019.

Topics: Stellar, Franklin Templeton, Tokenization, Money Market Funds

---

Having traditional financial infrastructure embrace blockchain technology is critical for its growth

Supporting facts:

• Blockchain is just software that can be improved by people globally, allowing for advancements

• Software enables efficiency and opportunities for traditional financial players

Topics: Blockchain, Financial Infrastructure, Software, Franklin Thompson, Euroclear

---

Regulation should focus on outcomes and potentially harmful outcomes

Supporting facts:

• Stablecoin legislation in the US was worked on

• There’s great legislation in Europe that tries to address some of these issues

• Bad actors in the industry have created a fear-based approach

Topics: Stablecoin legislation, Regulation, Technology

---

The approval of spot Bitcoin ETF by the SEC is a significant moment for the crypto and tokenization industry

Supporting facts:

• The SEC approved the spot Bitcoin ETF last week

Topics: Bitcoin ETF, SEC, Tokenization, Crypto Industry

---

This approval does not necessarily represent a shift in the SEC’s position

Topics: Bitcoin ETF, SEC, Regulation

---

Tokenization and digital assets have immense potential in fostering financial inclusion.

Supporting facts:

• The UNHCR has used Circle on Stellar to deliver aid into Ukraine, transferring over $2 million to over 1,500 families in the last year.

• Individuals, especially those that have been most harmed by crises such as refugees, can have secure access to their resources without the need to carry cash around.

Topics: Tokenization, Digital assets, Financial inclusion

---

The use of digital assets is enabling micro-lending in countries like the Philippines and Mexico

Supporting facts:

• Micro-lenders use digital assets to lend around $150

• Borrowers repay their loans in digital assets, enabling the creation of a credit report

• This system is independent of traditional infrastructure, providing an opportunity for financial inclusion

Topics: Digital Assets, Micro-lending, Blockchain, Financial Inclusion

---

Traditional regulations may hinder the benefits of digital assets

Supporting facts:

• According to Dixon, KYC and AML rules, when applied to digital assets, can slow down their processes, hurting the benefits offered by the technology

• In the case of Bitcoin ETF, settling in cash diminished its benefits

Topics: digital assets, KYC, AML

---

Report

The analysis explores the concepts of tokenization and blockchain technology, with a focus on their potential impact on financial inclusion, industry innovation, and infrastructure. Tokenization involves creating a digital representation of real-world assets on a blockchain, and it can be applied to a range of assets, including cash, securitized assets, real estate, and even oil.

The analysis argues that tokenizing real-world assets can help reach a broader audience and provide opportunities to traditionally marginalized entities. The sentiment towards tokenization and blockchain technology is largely positive, with a belief that their adoption by traditional financial institutions is crucial for industry growth.

By leveraging the benefits of blockchain, such as increased transparency, efficiency, and security, traditional financial infrastructure can drive innovation and enhance existing systems. In terms of regulations, the analysis suggests adopting an outcome-focused approach that prioritizes consumer protection, rather than favoring specific technologies.

Regulations should be flexible and adaptable to the rapidly evolving blockchain landscape, ensuring that technological advancements are not stifled while consumers are adequately safeguarded. The recent approval of a spot Bitcoin ETF by the SEC is considered a significant milestone for the crypto and tokenization industry.

It signals a step towards mainstream acceptance and integration of digital assets into traditional financial systems. However, there is some skepticism regarding whether this approval represents a shift in the SEC’s overall stance on cryptocurrencies. Tokenization and digital assets are recognized as powerful tools for fostering financial inclusion.

Case studies, such as the use of Circle on Stellar by the UNHCR to deliver secure aid to individuals, including refugees, highlight the potential for secure access to resources without relying on physical cash. Additionally, fiat-backed digital assets are seen as instrumental in providing everyday financial services to individuals in diverse economic conditions.

The analysis also examines the role of digital assets in micro-lending, particularly in countries like the Philippines and Mexico. Digital assets enable micro-lenders to provide small loans, with borrowers repaying in digital currencies. This independent system helps generate credit history and expands financial inclusion opportunities for individuals lacking access to traditional financial infrastructure.

Concerns are raised regarding how traditional regulations may impede the benefits of digital assets. The application of Know Your Customer (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) rules, for instance, can slow down processes facilitated by digital assets, potentially limiting the advantages of this technology.

It is suggested that regulations should embrace the benefits of technological innovations, rather than forcing them into frameworks that may not accommodate their unique nature. To summarize, the analysis underscores the significant potential of tokenization and blockchain technology in promoting financial inclusion, driving industry innovation, and improving infrastructure.

The embrace of these technologies by traditional financial institutions, coupled with adaptable regulations, can yield positive outcomes for consumers and the industry at large.

Arguments

Blockchain technology is an infrastructure layer on the internet that allows for trusted, provable transactions

Supporting facts:

• Blockchain technology allows for independently provable information and trustless transactions of data.

• Blockchain allows for trusted provable computation, executing code visible to everyone and not controlled by third part.

Topics: Blockchain, Bitcoin, Internet Technology

---

Developing protocols for money on the internet, such as perhaps a ‘tokenized cash’, would drastically alter our current financial systems

Supporting facts:

• USDC is a token-based version of a dollar that can be exchanged on the internet.

• This technology can reshape how capital allocation, equity, and debt issuance works.

• Protocols for money or ‘tokenized cash’ can combine with financial contracts on networks to reshape finance.

Topics: Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Finance

---

Tokenization should not be thought of as something that needs to be regulated.

Supporting facts:

• A digital token on a blockchain is a neutral thing.

• These tokens can be used to prove things, like attendance, or a certificate.

• They also can be used to represent things that may have value, and then that value can be exchanged

Topics: digital tokens, tokenization, blockchain

---

Regulation starts to become relevant when digital tokens begin to represent things of value that can be exchanged or marketed.

Supporting facts:

• When digital tokens have value and can be exchanged, this is where you start to think about regulation.

• Some governments have defined digital assets and have come up with new statutes to define digital assets, different types, uses.

Topics: digital tokens, regulation, blockchain

---

Tokenization is a significant shift for finance.

Supporting facts:

• Larry Fink discussed the tokenization of financial assets as a tipping point.

• Largest financial institutions are interacting with regulated market structure wrapped around cryptographic tokens.

• Big asset issuers might start issuing tokenized versions of assets.

Topics: Tokenization, Finance, Cryptocurrency

---

Digital tokens and smart contracts unlock access to long-tail capital markets.

Supporting facts:

• Web 2.0 era saw the advent of long-tail markets that were efficient and catered to everyone.

• Long-tail capital markets are still evolving and currently, only the head is served.

• This lack of inclusion prompted the development of the Goldfinch protocol, which facilitates participation in small-scale credit markets in Africa.

Topics: Digital tokens, Smart contracts, Capital market, Financial inclusion

---

Critiques the ‘same activity, same rules’ idea being applied in the emerging technology

Supporting facts:

• If the same rules were applied during the rise of the internet, everyone would need to register with the FCC to have a website, and need a radio license to stream audio

Topics: blockchain technology, digital assets, internet regulation

---

Report

Blockchain technology is a groundbreaking infrastructure layer on the internet that enables trusted and provable transactions. It allows for independently provable information and trustless data transactions, making it a powerful tool across various industries. While commonly associated with Bitcoin and speculative assets, blockchain technology has far-reaching potential beyond this association.

It serves as a new computing and data layer on the internet, with unexplored possibilities. In the finance industry, blockchain technology has the capacity to reshape the landscape. The development of protocols for money on the internet, such as ‘tokenized cash,’ can fundamentally transform current financial systems.

These protocols have the potential to revolutionize capital allocation, equity, and debt issuance, as financial contracts can integrate with network protocols for money. Tokenization, the process of transforming rights to an asset into a digital token on a blockchain, should not be seen as requiring regulation.

Digital tokens on a blockchain are neutral tools that can prove attendance or certificates, as well as represent valuable assets that can be exchanged. Tokenization opens up new opportunities and should be embraced for its potential. However, regulation becomes relevant when digital tokens start representing valuable assets that can be exchanged or marketed.

As digital tokens gain value and become exchangeable, governments may need to define and regulate them to ensure consumer protection and prevent fraud. Some governments have already defined digital assets and established statutes to govern them. It is important for governments and policymakers to recognize that digital tokens can be commodity-like and may not necessarily be securities.

Different countries have approached the classification of digital tokens in various ways. In the United States, digital token regulation is considered unclear, and there is a need for Congress to pass laws that provide better clarification. Tokenization is viewed as a significant shift within the finance industry.

Larry Fink, CEO of BlackRock, sees the tokenization of financial assets as a major tipping point. The largest financial institutions are already engaging with a regulated market structure secured by cryptographic tokens. It is predicted that major asset issuers may begin to offer tokenized versions of assets.

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has shown a greater understanding of cryptocurrency and tokenization in recent years. SEC Chairman Gary Gensler has transparently voiced his stance, and the SEC’s more favorable approach reflects an increased understanding of the technology.

Industry interest in tokenization has piqued regulatory interest. Companies like Coinbase are providing critical infrastructure for tokenization, attracting the attention of regulators. This signifies the potential impact and importance of tokenization across various industries. While the potential benefits of blockchain technology and digital tokens are substantial, there are risks associated with the digital approach to capital markets.

Complexities in underwriting, authorization, and managing the potential for money laundering exist in digital capital markets and must be addressed to ensure a safe and secure environment. It is worth noting that emerging technology should not be hindered by existing regulatory practices.

Applying the same rules that applied during the rise of the internet to blockchain technology would stifle innovation and impede growth. There are unique utilities and applications in this sphere that do not neatly fit into the current financial regulatory structure.

Therefore, it is crucial to allow blockchain technology and digital assets to flourish without unnecessary constraints. In conclusion, blockchain technology and digital assets hold the potential to revolutionize various sectors, especially finance. Blockchain’s infrastructure layer enables trusted and provable transactions, while tokenization opens up new possibilities for the exchange of value.

When digital tokens gain value, regulation becomes relevant, but it is essential to recognize their distinct characteristics and establish appropriate laws. The SEC’s increased understanding of cryptocurrency and tokenization is a positive development. Nevertheless, risks must be addressed in the digital approach to capital markets, and innovation should not be stifled by excessively restrictive regulations.

Allowing blockchain technology and digital assets to thrive can lead to transformative advancements across various industries.

Arguments

Euroclear is interested in implementing tokenization in financial markets

Supporting facts:

• Euroclear has taken initiatives to continue to see tokenization as a way to enhance digitization of their ecosystem

Topics: Tokenization, Blockchain

---

Lieve Mostrey agrees with Danelle Dixon’s view on the significance of traditional financial infrastructure’s acceptance of blockchain technology.

Topics: Blockchain Technology, Traditional Finance, Software

---

Mostrey also believes that Bitcoin being the first use case of blockchain was probably unhelpful for the technology due to the noise it created around it.

Topics: Blockchain Technology, Bitcoin

---

Mostrey talks about how they have already started using blockchain technology successfully.

Supporting facts:

• Worked with World Bank on the first fully digital issuance

• Built own blockchain with both security and cash tokens

• All done under existing legal framework

Topics: Blockchain Technology, Implementation

---

She is of the view that blockchain implementation should go beyond pilots and sandboxes and must be possible under the regular legal framework.

Topics: Blockchain Technology, Implementation, Legal Framework

---

Lieve explains that their implemented blockchain system allows to transition part of the value chain to achieve efficiencies without losing deficiencies and provides a potential migration path for the ecosystem.

Supporting facts:

• Fully digital issuance was used in secondary markets

• Digital issuance was used as collateral management

Topics: Blockchain Technology, Implementation, Transition, Migration Path, Efficiencies

---

Regulation should be technology agnostic

Supporting facts:

• Regulation has to be on economic activity, on real economic risks, and on protecting people that need to be protected

Topics: Regulation, Technology

---

Existing regulation should be applicable to tokenized securities

Supporting facts:

• When the World Bank issuance was done, both the legal and technological groundwork were equally intensive

Topics: Digital Assets, Regulation, Tokenized Securities

---

Report

Euroclear, a prominent financial market infrastructure company, has shown a keen interest in implementing tokenisation to enhance the digitisation of their ecosystem. Euroclear sees tokenisation as a way to improve efficiency and transparency in financial markets. The company has taken initiatives to explore tokenisation and has successfully conducted experiments using tokenised securities and cash on the same blockchain.

These experiments have demonstrated the potential benefits of tokenisation in terms of efficiency and transparency, but have also highlighted challenges such as fragmentation and limited liquidity. Despite these obstacles, Euroclear remains committed to exploring the potential of tokenisation in financial markets.

Lieve Mostrey, the CEO of Euroclear, shares the view that traditional financial infrastructure should embrace blockchain technology. She agrees with Danelle Dixon on the significance of adopting blockchain technology within the existing financial framework. Mostrey believes that blockchain implementation should go beyond pilot projects and sandboxes and should be possible within the regular legal framework.

This aligns with Euroclear’s successful use of blockchain technology. Mostrey acknowledges that the transition towards technologically agnostic regulation is ongoing and challenging. Stakeholders are still familiarising themselves with the implications of implementing blockchain technology. Mostrey emphasises the need for regulation to be technology agnostic, not obstructing progress on the technology side.

She advocates for existing regulation to be applicable to tokenised securities, ensuring that regulation remains relevant and adaptable to technological advancements. In summary, Euroclear’s interest in implementing tokenisation reflects their commitment to enhancing the digitisation of their ecosystem. Their successful experiments have demonstrated the potential benefits and challenges of tokenisation.

Mostrey’s perspective on the acceptance of blockchain technology by traditional financial infrastructure highlights the importance of embracing innovative solutions within the existing framework. The ongoing transition towards technologically agnostic regulation is crucial for supporting advancements in blockchain technology, and Euroclear supports the idea that existing regulation should be applicable to tokenised securities.

Report

A panel of experts at the World Economic Forum convened to discuss the tokenisation economy and its vast potential. Led by Chief of Business at Business Insider, the panel included prominent figures such as Anthony Scaramucci, founder of Skybridge Capital, Leva Mostri, CEO of Euroclear, Danelle Dixon, CEO of Stellar Development Foundation, and Jeremy Allaire.

The panel’s objective was to explore the concept of tokenisation and its implications for finance. Tokenisation technology involves putting ownership of assets on a blockchain to increase financial inclusion and reduce transaction friction. The speakers examined the advantages and challenges associated with tokenisation and shared case studies to demonstrate its impact.

The discussion began with a brief introduction to tokenisation, explaining how it works and its potential benefits. Danelle Dixon of the Stellar Development Foundation provided additional insight by emphasising how tokenisation bridges the divide between traditional finance and blockchain technology.

Leva Mostri discussed Euroclear’s approach to tokenisation in the context of traditional financial markets. As a major clearinghouse, Euroclear is investigating ways to incorporate tokenisation into its operations. Anthony Scaramucci shared his perspective as the founder of Skybridge Capital, a firm that has recently embraced crypto and blockchain technology alongside its traditional financial services offerings.

He highlighted the opportunities he sees in the field and how his company has adapted to this technological shift. Jeremy Allaire brought up the distinction between Bitcoin as a digital asset and the underlying blockchain technology. He expanded on the topic by discussing stablecoins and the digitisation of the US dollar.

The panel examined the progression of this journey and provided insights into the current state and future prospects of stablecoins. The discussion touched on the impact of the hype cycle on development, with the panelists agreeing that it had sometimes hindered progress in the industry.

The conflation of speculation with blockchain technology has occasionally caused distractions and impeded necessary work. One notable application of tokenisation discussed was its role in digitising money market funds. Danelle Dixon highlighted the collaboration between Stellar and Franklin Templeton to bridge the gap between traditional finance and blockchain technology.

The importance of traditional financial institutions, such as Franklin Templeton and Euroclear, being eager to experiment with tokenisation was emphasised. The collaboration between blockchain companies and established financial players is crucial for the advancement and adoption of this technology. The regulatory framework and its challenges were also addressed, with the SEC’s recent approval of the spot Bitcoin ETF being a significant moment for the industry.

The discussion touched on the implications of this approval and how it may signal wider adoption of tokenisation in traditional finance. The panel also explored tokenisation’s role in promoting financial inclusion and access. Donnelle Dixon highlighted the distinction between financial inclusion and financial access, with tokenisation playing a pivotal role in addressing these issues.

Jeremy Allaire shared how Circle has partnered with NGOs to use stablecoins for social good, providing cash to displaced individuals. The panel concluded by taking questions from the audience, encouraging further engagement and exploration of the topic. The discussion was considered successful, and the World Economic Forum was commended for facilitating such important conversations.

In summary, the panel offered valuable insights into the tokenisation economy, highlighting its potential, challenges, and benefits. The combination of expertise from the traditional financial sector and the blockchain industry provided a comprehensive view of the subject.