Harnessing the potential of artificial intelligence in developing countries

The Economist argues that there are three main reasons for optimism about AI and development:

• First, the technology is improving fast.
• Second, it has the potential to spread fast, too. As usually happens with new technologies, rich countries will benefit first. But if the high cost of training AI models falls, the expense of providing the technology to the poor could be minimal. They will not need a new device, just the smartphones that many of them already own.
• The third reason is that developing countries have gaping shortages of skilled workers: there are nowhere near enough teachers, doctors, engineers or managers.

Developing countries face a shortage of skilled workers, including teachers, doctors, engineers, and managers. AI can help bridge this gap by enhancing productivity in education and healthcare.

Personalised learning and medical advice can be provided through apps and chatbots, making these services more accessible and efficient. This can have a significant impact on education and healthcare outcomes, particularly in areas with limited resources.

However, there are challenges associated with AI implementation. Improved internet access is crucial for successful deployment, as it enables fast and reliable connections. Regulatory hurdles need to be addressed to ensure the responsible and ethical use of AI. Additionally, there are concerns about the risks of AI in less democratic or stable environments, where it could be misused for surveillance or control purposes.

Despite these challenges, concrete examples highlight the positive impact of AI. Chatbots are already being used to write children’s books in languages that were previously neglected. In the healthcare sector, AI tools can greatly improve systems in developing countries. A study in poor and middle-income countries revealed that recently graduated primary healthcare workers followed clinical guidelines only half the time. AI tools can help provide health-related information and support to low-trained workers, potentially saving lives.

The potential impact of AI on economic and social development in poorer regions is substantial. AI can generate detailed data for development work and streamline bureaucratic processes, increasing efficiency. However, it is crucial to address challenges such as internet access and regulatory hurdles, while also considering the risks associated with AI in specific contexts.

Source: The Economist