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Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Faisal J. Abbas

The analysis highlights concerns regarding the spread of fake news and stresses the importance of cybersecurity in addressing this issue. The argument is made that cybersecurity should go beyond basic hacking and also focus on the dissemination and veracity of information. The impact of fake news on society is discussed, with the ‘Pizza-gate’ incident being cited as an example of the real-world consequences that can arise from the manipulation of information.

The role of social media in propagating fake news is particularly emphasized. It is noted that 80% of Arab youth obtain their information from social media platforms, and a significant number of people are prone to retweet or repost fake news. This has led to a decline in trust in journalists and has made it challenging for individuals to differentiate between genuine and false information.

There is recognition of the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in combating fake news. It is argued that AI can play a crucial role in identifying and combating fake news effectively. The creation of realistic fake videos by AI technology is discussed, highlighting the difficulty that humans face in identifying such content. Therefore, AI is seen as an essential tool in addressing this problem.

The analysis also highlights the dangers associated with the misuse of AI to create compelling fake videos. Reference is made to ongoing wars that have been escalated by misinformation. The instantaneous spread of fake news, especially through videos, is seen as a threat to global security.

Due to the severity of the issue, there is a call for a global initiative to combat fake news. The need for collective action is emphasized, and it is stressed that tech companies should take responsibility for the dissemination of fake news. The analysis suggests engaging in serious discussions with tech companies to regulate the content to which users are exposed.

Furthermore, the importance of education and content monitoring for young technology users is emphasized. It is highlighted that young children, as young as three or four years old, are being given access to iPads without proper content monitoring. The lack of literacy and control over exposure is seen as a significant concern.

In conclusion, the analysis underscores the urgency of addressing the spread and impact of fake news through comprehensive cybersecurity measures. While there is a consensus on the need for action, there are differing views on the responsibility of various stakeholders, including media, tech companies, and individuals. The arguments and evidence presented shed light on the complexities of this issue.

Margery Kraus

Summary:

Margery Kraus, the founder of APCO Worldwide, emphasises the importance of embracing technology, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and cyber technologies, in order to facilitate progress and transformation within organisations. APCO is actively involved in training initiatives that explore how AI can revolutionise and streamline operations. They are utilising AI to automate routine tasks, thereby allowing individuals to focus on higher-order responsibilities. This approach is seen as essential for driving innovation and improving efficiency. The clients of APCO primarily seek assistance with cybersecurity, as well as guidance on how to deploy cyber technologies in a positive manner to shape the future. Common requests include support in combatting online abuse, developing crisis response plans, and exploring the potential benefits of cyber technologies in long-term planning.

Margery Kraus highlights the need for greater media coverage that showcases the positive uses of cyber technologies for social inclusivity. This aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Reduced Inequalities and Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions. There is also an urgent need to teach young people about cyber literacy. Furthermore, the media should focus on instilling a better understanding of how to consume information and highlight the positive uses of cyber platforms. Collaboration across multiple sectors is necessary to address cyber-related challenges. Lastly, it is important to strike a balance between using cyber technologies and understanding the associated risks and fears.

Overall, embracing AI and cyber technologies, promoting positive uses, enhancing media coverage, teaching cyber literacy, promoting digital equality, and encouraging collaboration are all essential in addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by cyber technologies.

John Defterios

The debate surrounding the importance of global cybersecurity coverage in journalism has brought forth various viewpoints. Some individuals argue that there is a lack of sufficient coverage in this area, while others believe that it should be prioritised.

Those who support the notion claim that global cybersecurity is under-covered in journalism. They argue that cyber threats, such as data breaches and threats to infrastructure, require more informed and comprehensive reporting. Currently, these topics often receive only a brief mention in the media before being forgotten. The lack of in-depth reporting on global cybersecurity, which is considered less exciting but highly significant, is a cause for concern.

On the other hand, critics argue that the media tends to focus excessively on major tech companies, such as Facebook, Google, and Apple. These companies attract a significant amount of traffic, resulting in over-coverage of their activities. As a result, important issues like cybersecurity are overshadowed and receive inadequate attention.

To effectively cover cyber threats, it is suggested that dedicated resources and specialised experts be employed. Currently, the knee-jerk reaction is to call upon national security or IT personnel in the event of a cybersecurity issue. However, it is believed that communities should establish a pool of cybersecurity experts who can be consulted in such situations. This approach would ensure a more informed and efficient response to cyber threats.

The role of algorithms in shaping media consumption patterns and opinions is also scrutinised. Critics argue that algorithms tend to divide individuals into polarised groups, limiting the representation of diverse perspectives. This polarisation not only affects the way we consume media but also damages our attention spans.

Inclusivity and global collaboration are emphasised as essential components in effectively addressing cybersecurity challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the exclusion of the global south until much later in decision-making processes. Thus, inclusivity across the board is considered crucial in tackling global issues like cybersecurity. It is also noted that collaboration on cybersecurity already exists on a regional scale in areas such as Asia, the GCC, and the Americas, and it can be extended globally.

The importance of an impartial centre for cybersecurity is also stressed. Given that the US and China are major competitors in technology and data, there is a need for a neutral entity to broker cybersecurity agreements. The Kingdom is suggested as a potential unifying force in this regard, playing a role in creating a safe space to address cybersecurity concerns.

In conclusion, while the coverage of global cybersecurity in journalism is a matter of debate, there is a consensus that more in-depth reporting and attention should be directed towards this critical issue. It is imperative to allocate dedicated resources, consult specialised experts, address the influence of algorithms, promote inclusivity and global collaboration, and establish an impartial centre for cybersecurity. By taking these steps, the media can more effectively inform society about the challenges and risks posed by cyber threats.

Massimo Marioni

The analysis highlights several important aspects of cybersecurity reporting and media practices. One key point is the critical role of fact-checking and verification in cybersecurity reporting. This is because false information can spread rapidly and cause significant harm in the realm of cybersecurity. It is crucial for journalists and media professionals to ensure the accuracy and reliability of their reporting when it comes to cybersecurity matters. By diligently fact-checking and verifying information, media outlets can provide the public with trustworthy and credible news.

Another important aspect is the involvement of experts in cybersecurity reporting. By including experts in coverage and reporting, media outlets can tap into their knowledge and experience to provide informed and authoritative perspectives. This adds credibility to the reporting and helps the audience better understand the complexities of cybersecurity issues.

Furthermore, the analysis emphasizes the significance of education and digital literacy in cybersecurity. Many individuals are not sufficiently aware of cybersecurity threats and best practices, making them vulnerable to cyber-attacks. By promoting education and increasing digital literacy, people can become savvier in protecting themselves online. This can be achieved through initiatives that focus on educating the public about cybersecurity risks, providing guidance on best practices, and enhancing digital literacy skills.

The analysis also highlights the need to avoid sensationalism in media reporting. Media outlets have the power to shape public opinion and perception of cybersecurity risks. By hyping up certain aspects unnecessarily, they can spread fear and uncertainty. It is crucial for media professionals to maintain balance in their reporting, focusing not only on problems but also on solutions and progress in the cybersecurity field. This helps provide a comprehensive and accurate understanding of cybersecurity issues.

Additionally, the analysis notes that imparting digital literacy requires collaboration between governments, media, and tech companies. This joint effort ensures that the audience receives the necessary resources and support for developing digital literacy skills. It is important for these stakeholders to work together in designing educational programs, creating digital content, and fostering partnerships to effectively address the digital literacy needs of the audience.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the importance of fact-checking, the involvement of experts, education, and balanced reporting in cybersecurity journalism. It underscores the need to avoid sensationalism and promote digital literacy. It also emphasizes the significance of collaboration between governments, media, and tech companies in effectively imparting digital literacy skills to the audience. By embracing these practices, media outlets can contribute to a more informed and secure society in the face of cybersecurity challenges.

Intro

The Cybersecurity Market Ecosystem Development event convened prominent figures from various countries in the field of cybersecurity. Engineer Waleed Abu Khalid, CEO of Saudi Arabian Military Industries (SAMI), stressed the need for collaboration between the public and private sectors to drive the growth of the cyber industry. He underscored the importance of nurturing local talent and establishing robust educational programs to meet the demand for skilled cyber professionals.

Dr. Miqat Zuhairi Bin Miqat, Chief Executive of Malaysia’s National Cybersecurity Agency, highlighted the significance of proactive measures in addressing cyber threats. He emphasized the development of a strong cybersecurity ecosystem, including effective legislation and regulations, as well as investments in research and development.

Felix Barrio Juarez, Director General of the Spanish National Cybersecurity Institute, discussed the role of government in promoting cybersecurity innovation. He emphasized the need for public-private partnerships in sharing threat intelligence and promoting best practices.

Engineer Abdurrahman Al Malki from Qatar’s National Cybersecurity Agency stressed the importance of tailored cybersecurity solutions that meet each country’s specific needs. He urged governments and organizations to remain vigilant and adapt to rapidly evolving threats.

The panel’s moderator, John Defterios, provided an international perspective to the discussion, drawing on his experience as a former CNN editor and editor for emerging markets. He emphasized the global nature of cyber threats and the need for coordinated efforts to tackle them.

The event’s panelists agreed that ecosystem development plays a pivotal role in stimulating the cybersecurity market. They highlighted the need for international collaboration, information-sharing, and investment in research and development to stay ahead of cyber threats.

Additional contributions from Massimo Marioni, Europe Editor at Fortune, Rebecca McLaughlin, an international TV anchor and media trainer, Marjorie Cross, founder of APCO Worldwide, and Faisal Abbas, Editor-in-Chief of Arab News, provided valuable insights into various aspects of the cybersecurity landscape.

Overall, the event demonstrated the importance of collaboration and proactive measures in addressing cybersecurity challenges. The diverse perspectives of industry leaders underscored the need for continuous innovation and adaptation to effectively counter cyber threats in an increasingly interconnected world.

Rebecca McLaughlin-Eastham

Rebecca McLaughlin-Eastham, an expert in drone technology, skillfully and successfully landed a drone, ensuring its safe return. She emphasizes the importance of handling technological devices with great care and caution, given their significant costs and potential risks. It is clear that the drone, being an expensive piece of equipment, requires a gentle and controlled landing procedure in order to prevent any damage.

The focus on careful handling of technological devices arises from the understanding of the potential dangers they can pose. By safely landing the drone, McLaughlin-Eastham demonstrates the necessary skill and precision required when working with advanced technology. Her achievement reminds others in the industry of the need for responsible and meticulous handling of expensive equipment.

The supporting facts further emphasize the importance of a safe landing for the drone. McLaughlin-Eastham’s affirmation that the device must land safely underscores the crucial role careful handling plays in preventing any potential damage or loss. Additionally, the mention of the drone’s expensive nature highlights the significance of gentle landing to avoid costly repairs or replacements.

In conclusion, Rebecca McLaughlin-Eastham’s successful landing of the drone not only showcases her expertise but also underscores the vital need for careful handling in the field of technology. Consideration of the high costs and potential dangers associated with these devices is paramount to ensuring their longevity and effective use. Her accomplishment serves as a valuable lesson for professionals and enthusiasts alike, reminding them to approach technological equipment with caution and responsibility.

Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Kersti Kaljulaid

The analysis examined several significant topics related to technology, cybersecurity, and regulation. One key point raised was the increasing threat of AI in military systems and cybersecurity. The speakers highlighted the potential harm that AI worms could cause to military systems, as well as the planting of false data. The risks posed by these threats require proactive actions to address and mitigate them.

Another important topic discussed was the lag between the legal cycle and the tech cycle. The speakers emphasized the need for a better-functioning legal framework that can keep up with the rapid advancements in technology. They highlighted the challenges posed by emerging technologies such as predictive AI, 5G, 6G, and space technologies.

The manageability of current cyber attacks was also examined. The analysis revealed that Estonia experienced approximately 2,500 serious cyber attacks in the past year, with only one causing disruption in train ticket purchases. While the situation is considered manageable, it comes at a growing cost.

Cooperation and standardization were highlighted as crucial factors in addressing cybersecurity challenges. The analysis noted that countries like Saudi Arabia can play a significant role in promoting positive technological developments by encouraging industry adherence to set standards.

Corporate transparency and the voluntary sharing of development details with governments were emphasized. It is important for companies to share information about their technological advancements with relevant authorities to enable effective regulation.

The speakers also expressed support for imposing sanctions on companies that interfere with political processes. They argued that mechanisms should be in place to hold such companies accountable and negatively impact their share prices.

The European Union’s AI act was seen as a positive development. It was recognized that the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) became a de facto global standard, and the speakers believed the AI act should do the same. Global adherence to this act is seen as crucial for ensuring industry security, preventing conflicts, and addressing regulatory queries.

In addition, having a certain set of standards for investment security was highlighted. Regulations play a vital role in preventing potential conflicts and questions in various countries. The importance of basic principles such as human rights and the rights of nation-states was reiterated, as well as involving more women in the cybersecurity sector.

Overall, the analysis emphasized the need for proactive measures to address the increasing threat of AI in military systems and cybersecurity. It highlighted the importance of a functioning legal system that keeps pace with technological advancements, the manageability of current cyber attacks, cooperation and standardization, corporate transparency, global adherence to the European Union’s AI act, and involvement of women in the cybersecurity sector. It concluded that basic principles and compassion should guide the development and application of technology, defining the future of humankind.

Jose Manuel Barroso

The analysis highlights several key points regarding cybersecurity and global cooperation. First, advancements in fields like artificial intelligence and quantum computing pose challenges for maintaining a high level of cybersecurity. This is because these developments can make it difficult for security measures to keep up with new threats, leaving data and networks vulnerable to cyber attacks. The supporting fact provided is that developments in sectors like artificial intelligence and quantum computing might make it difficult to maintain a high level of cybersecurity.

Second, confidence and sincere cooperation among major powers, such as the United States, China, and Europe, have been decreasing. This lack of cooperation is a negative sign for global cybersecurity efforts, as collaboration and shared knowledge are essential in combating cyber threats effectively. The supporting fact is that there was a level of cooperation between major powers such as the United States, China, and Europe when Barroso was in the European Commission, but it might not be the case today.

Furthermore, cyber criminals do not stop at borders, highlighting the need to view technology as a global public good. This means that efforts to ensure cybersecurity should not be limited to individual countries but should instead involve international collaboration and cooperation. Some powers may resist supranational regulation, which emphasizes the need for shared responsibility in addressing cyber threats. The supporting facts provided are that cyber criminals do not stop at borders and that some powers may resist supranational regulation.

Moreover, Saudi Arabia, as an important member of the G20, has the potential to play a significant role in fostering dialogue and cooperation in cybersecurity. By leveraging its position and influence, Saudi Arabia can offer spaces for dialogue and collaboration in addressing cyber threats. The supporting facts are that Saudi Arabia is an important member of the G20 and can offer spaces for dialogue and cooperation in cybersecurity.

In the context of public health, while COVAX successfully distributed 2 billion vaccines across 146 countries, disparities in vaccine access between developed and developing countries were observed. This highlights the need for equitable distribution and access to vaccines to ensure global health security. The supporting facts are that COVAX distributed 2 billion vaccines and that disparities were seen in vaccine access between developed and developing countries.

A multi-stakeholder approach is deemed necessary for addressing global challenges like public health and cybersecurity. This approach involves the participation of governments, businesses, research institutes, and civil society to collaborate and find effective solutions. However, not all countries may be willing to share their expertise in cybersecurity due to defense and war implications. Public-private partnerships can reduce cybercrime, as the cost of cybercrime is expected to reach $10.5 trillion in two years. The supporting facts are that Gavi uses a multi-stakeholder approach involving governments, businesses, research institutes, and civil society, and that public-private partnerships can reduce cybercrime.

Saudi Arabia, with its good connections with both China and the US, can serve as a bridge between the two countries in technological aspects. This can facilitate cooperation and dialogue, leading to advancements in cybersecurity measures. The supporting facts are that Saudi Arabia has good connections with both sides of global arguments, is a member of G20 and BRICS+, and is developing capabilities in the field.

On the subject of regulations, there are some countries that do not support supranational regulation and binding agreements on cybersecurity. This presents a challenge in establishing cohesive and universally applicable cybersecurity measures. The conventional wisdom is to follow the principles of international law on cybersecurity. The supporting facts are that there is a stalemate in the United Nations on cybersecurity and that the conventional wisdom is to follow the principles of international law on cybersecurity.

In terms of strengthening cybersecurity, like-minded countries can forge ahead and extend areas of consensus. By finding common ground and cooperating, these countries can work towards improving cybersecurity measures on a global scale. The supporting fact is that like-minded countries can forge ahead and extend areas of consensus to strengthen cybersecurity.

Another noteworthy observation is that the implementation of GDPR initially faced criticism but is now considered a significant improvement. GDPR, a data privacy regulation introduced by the European Union (EU), has set a global standard, with California following closely in its footsteps. This highlights the positive impact and influence of global standards in regulating and safeguarding data privacy. The supporting facts are that GDPR faced criticism initially, businesses in Europe now agree that GDPR was an improvement, and California followed closely EU’s GDPR, setting a global standard.

Despite the difficulties and time-consuming nature of establishing global standards, they are deemed beneficial and necessary. Negotiation and consensus-building are essential in creating these standards, which may present challenges. However, having global standards is preferable to each country making its own regulations and can contribute to greater international cooperation. The European Union is cited as a good example of successful cooperation. The supporting facts are that creating global standards requires negotiation and consensus, the European Union is a good example of successful cooperation, and despite the difficulty, global standards are preferable to each country making its own regulations.

Cooperation and scale in regulations are crucial for global competitiveness. By cooperating and creating uniform regulations, regions like Europe gain the necessary scale to compete with major players such as the United States, China, and India. This emphasizes the importance of collaboration and the creation of a level playing field in global markets. The supporting facts are that all countries in Europe are considered small, cooperation gives them necessary scale, and cooperating and creating uniform regulations like GDPR allows Europe to compete with the likes of the United States, China, and India.

Furthermore, cybersecurity is a specific but crucial part of overall security concerns. The European Agency for Cyber Security estimates that Europe needs 200,000 cyber experts, highlighting the growing importance of addressing cybersecurity risks. Although there has not been a major catastrophic event globally in terms of cybersecurity, it is seen as a prominent and emerging threat. The supporting facts are that the European Agency for Cyber Security estimates that Europe needs 200,000 cyber experts and that until now, there has not been a major catastrophic event globally of cybersecurity.

In conclusion, the analysis emphasizes the challenges and importance of cybersecurity in a rapidly evolving technological landscape. It highlights the need for global cooperation and collaboration in addressing cyber threats. The involvement of multiple stakeholders, equitable access to resources, and the establishment of global standards are deemed crucial. Additionally, the potential role of Saudi Arabia in fostering dialogue and cooperation, as well as the significance of GDPR and the multi-stakeholder approach, are underscored. Solutions to cybersecurity challenges require proactive measures, efficient risk management, and increased public investment. Overall, the analysis calls for collective efforts to safeguard data, networks, and global security in the face of technological advancements.

Shyam Saran

Shyam Saran emphasises the need for international collaboration in tackling pressing issues such as cybersecurity and climate change. He argues against the competitive negotiation frameworks that are currently in place and advocates for a more collaborative approach. Saran believes that competitive frameworks often lead to compromised results, whereas a collaborative approach can yield optimal results in dealing with cybersecurity and climate change.

Saran also highlights the challenges and opportunities presented by the digital space. He stresses the importance of inclusion in India, where the digital space has enabled a degree of inclusiveness. However, Saran acknowledges the tremendous assault on cyberspace by malevolent forces, highlighting the need for measures to protect against such attacks.

The scale of the cybersecurity challenge is exemplified by the thousands of cyber attacks on sites associated with the G20 summit. This serves as a clear indication of the magnitude of the challenge that nations face in protecting their digital infrastructure.

India stands out as a proactive player in tackling cyber threats, actively collaborating with various partners to address the growing menace. Saran argues that the current international system seems insufficient in dealing with the cyber threat, making collaboration all the more necessary.

One of the key challenges in regulating technological advancements lies in the gap between policy makers, decision-makers and the pace of technological innovation. This gap makes it difficult to develop effective regulations that can keep up with the rapid changes in the digital landscape.

Saran highlights the importance of forums like the Future Investment Initiative in creating awareness among decision-makers and policymakers. Recent initiatives by President Biden and the European Union are mentioned as steps towards tackling cybersecurity issues, indicating a growing recognition of the need for action.

The advancements in the digital space have both positive and negative societal impacts. While it has enabled inclusiveness and positive changes, there have also been negative effects, including infringements on women’s rights. Preventing these negative effects requires proactive measures, including the active participation of women.

Recognising the value of women’s participation in the digital landscape, Saran emphasizes its importance in addressing negative trends and contributing to economic growth. He also calls on universities to actively participate in supporting changes brought about by technology and fostering gender equality.

Despite the usefulness of digital technology as a tool, Saran cautions against allowing it to dominate human beings. He highlights the importance of maintaining a balance and ensuring that humans remain in control, rather than being controlled by digital technology.

In conclusion, the need for international collaboration to address cybersecurity and climate change is crucial, according to Shyam Saran. He emphasises the importance of adopting a collaborative approach, rather than relying on competitive negotiation frameworks. Saran also brings attention to the challenges and opportunities posed by the digital space, urging inclusiveness and vigilance against cyber threats. The scale of the cybersecurity challenge is exemplified by the attacks on the G20 summit. India’s proactive collaboration efforts and the value of women’s participation in the digital landscape are highlighted. Saran encourages universities to support technological changes and promote gender equality. Lastly, he reminds us to maintain a balance and ensure that digital technology does not dominate human beings.

Introduction

The plenary session titled “The Evolving Dynamics of Cyberspace” began in Riyadh, with a distinguished panel of experts comprising Jose Manuel Barroso, former President of the European Commission and Prime Minister of Portugal, Kersti Kaljulaid, former President of the Republic of Estonia, and Ambassador Shyam Saran, former Foreign Secretary of India. These esteemed individuals were invited to share their extensive knowledge and insights on public policy and governance in the context of cyberspace.

During the 45-minute session, the panelists had ample time to delve into the complex intricacies of cyberspace and its far-reaching impact on societies worldwide. They discussed the shifting dynamics and emerging challenges within this rapidly evolving domain, while also highlighting the opportunities it presents for governments and policymakers.

Jose Manuel Barroso stressed the necessity of effective regulations and cooperative frameworks at the national and international levels to combat cyber threats, such as cyberterrorism and cybercrime. He emphasized the importance of governmental collaboration and the sharing of best practices to ensure the safety and security of citizens in an interconnected world.

Kersti Kaljulaid emphasized the significance of prioritising cybersecurity as an integral part of a nation’s overall security strategy. She shed light on Estonia’s pioneering efforts in this field, highlighting proactive measures such as investment in IT infrastructure, public awareness campaigns, and strong public-private partnerships.

Ambassador Shyam Saran elaborated on the geopolitical dimensions of cyberspace and its implications for national sovereignty. He underscored the need for robust international cooperation and adherence to norms to maintain an open, secure, and trustworthy cyberspace.

The panelists’ insightful discussions deepened the audience’s understanding of the complex issues at hand and fostered a constructive dialogue on innovative approaches to addressing the challenges of cyberspace.

The session was skillfully moderated by John Defterios, who facilitated the conversation, allowing each panelist to articulate their perspectives and engage in productive exchanges. John’s expertise in the subject matter and his ability to steer meaningful discussions contributed to the success of the session.

In conclusion, the plenary session on “The Evolving Dynamics of Cyberspace” provided a platform for world-class experts to share their knowledge and insights on the challenges and opportunities within this ever-changing domain. The panelists highlighted the importance of international collaboration, effective regulations, and proactive cybersecurity measures. The session served as a catalyst for further exploration and dialogue on how governments and policymakers can navigate the complexities of cyberspace to protect their citizens and harness its transformative potential.

John Defterios

The analysis explores various aspects of cybersecurity and its global implications, emphasising the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s role as a convener and active participant in cybersecurity discussions. With its strategic geographical position, the Kingdom is well-positioned to effectively address cybersecurity challenges.

One key finding is the increasing prevalence of cybersecurity as a global issue. Increased awareness and collaboration are needed to counter evolving threats in cyberspace. The full attendance at the panel session indicates growing interest in the topic. The Kingdom’s role as a convener demonstrates international recognition of its active involvement in addressing cybersecurity concerns.

John Defterios emphasises the importance of international collaboration in tackling global issues, including cybersecurity. The analysis highlights the need for a more collaborative approach, as existing negotiation frameworks often yield minimal results.

The analysis raises questions about how to balance the opportunities and disruptions brought by rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and cyber innovations. This emphasises the need for careful consideration and proactive measures to manage their impact on cybersecurity.

The analysis also acknowledges the mixed results of international cooperation in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. While initiatives like COVAX have distributed a significant number of vaccines globally, there are disparities in vaccine access between more developed and poorer countries. Additionally, vaccine nationalism has led to excessive accumulation of vaccines by some countries. This highlights the challenges and complexities of international cooperation in addressing global crises.

Another key argument is the necessity for collaboration between countries and corporations in the field of cybersecurity. The expected increase in cybercrime underscores the need for collective efforts to combat this growing threat.

Saudi Arabia is recognised for its potential role as a bridge between China and the US in geopolitical matters, including cybersecurity. Its neutral stance and convening ability position it as an influential player in facilitating dialogue and cooperation between these two superpowers.

The analysis also underscores the crucial role of cybersecurity in digital development and the corporate sector. Proper implementation of cybersecurity measures is essential to protect and foster growth in countries like India and Nigeria. Neglecting cybersecurity could erode the progress these countries have made.

Furthermore, the analysis highlights the positive trend of increased female workforce participation. Female participation in the workforce has risen to 37% and continues to grow. This prompts examination of universities’ role in keeping pace with technological changes and ensuring gender equality in the workforce.

In conclusion, the analysis provides insights into various aspects of cybersecurity and its global implications. It emphasises the need for increased awareness, international collaboration, and proactive measures to effectively address the challenges posed by cyberspace. Saudi Arabia’s role as a convener and its strategic geographical position make it an influential player in cybersecurity discussions. The analysis also underscores the importance of balancing opportunities and disruptions brought by rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and cyber innovations. Additionally, it highlights the mixed results of international cooperation in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic and advocates for increased collaboration in tackling global issues like cybersecurity. Finally, the analysis emphasises the significance of cybersecurity in digital development, the corporate sector, and ensuring gender equality in the workforce.

Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Iain Drennan

The threat of child sexual abuse material online is growing and becoming more diverse. According to a global threat assessment published by the WeProtect Global Alliance, there has been an increase in such material appearing online. This includes the alarming trend of children being tricked into providing intimate images, which can have serious consequences. Additionally, there are concerns about the use of AI and deep fake technology to create intimidating images, further exacerbating the issue. The overall sentiment towards this issue is negative, highlighting the urgent need for action.

International action is required to address child sexual abuse online. Saudi Arabia’s initiation of a holistic framework to combat this issue is seen as a progressive step. The responsibility for child online safety lies with the global and national community, including the government and the private sector. Empowering children with tools and choices online is important, as is the need for user-friendly platforms with easy reporting systems to enable children to report any discomfort.

There is collaboration between the public and private sectors, with technology and software engineers engaging with governments and regulatory bodies. The aim is to establish high privacy and protection standards for child users. A collaborative and cross-sector response, including referring child protection issues to law enforcement, is essential to effectively address the problem.

However, funding for online child safety is inadequate and unevenly distributed. While there has been progress in legislation and regulations, with countries like Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Singapore, the UK, Ireland, and Australia drafting laws to regulate the digital space, there is still room for improvement. It is hoped that the engagement of the global community with these difficult issues will lead to stronger measures for online safety.

In conclusion, the challenge of child sexual abuse material online requires urgent action. International cooperation, involvement from various stakeholders, and sufficient funding are crucial steps in safeguarding children online. Prevention measures should also be a focus in addressing this issue. While progress has been made in legislation and regulations, continued efforts and collaboration are necessary to ensure the online safety of children.

Moderator – Rebecca McLaughlin

During a panel discussion at the GCF 2023, experts convened to address the critical issue of protecting children in the online world. The focus was on the shared responsibility of ensuring children are well-educated, protected, and responsible digital citizens. The panel acknowledged the numerous existing threats and emerging challenges, particularly concerning AI and deepfakes.

The panel recognized that simply removing devices or disconnecting children from the internet is not a feasible solution. Instead, experts emphasized the need to effectively inform and protect children. Esteemed guests, including Dr. Maimouna Al-Khalil, Secretary General of The Family Affairs Council, Saudi Arabia, outlined the council’s work, shared reports, and discussed initiatives.

Ian Dreenan, Executive Director of We Protect Global Alliance, presented their latest findings, specifically addressing the emerging threat of extortion. Dr. Yuwan Park, Founder of the Deque Institute, provided insights into their work on holistic approaches to online safety and referenced the safety index.

Regarding policy and regulation, Dr. Al-Khalil stressed the importance of reinforcing efforts to protect children globally, particularly in Saudi Arabia. She highlighted the need for next steps, milestones, and regulations that can effectively safeguard children from potential harm. Dr. Al-Khalil emphasized the profound repercussions for children if appropriate measures are not implemented.

Ian Dreenan acknowledged that although legislation and regulation are crucial, much responsibility lies with the children themselves. He underlined the importance of encouraging children to share information and express their fears, particularly if they are unaware of the real threats they may face online.

The panel also discussed the vital collaboration between the public and private sectors, including tech and software engineers, in creating safe and engaging online environments. They debated the level of communication and cooperation necessary to develop platforms that prioritize safety while still being entertaining and educational.

Dr. Park highlighted encouraging developments in both the public and private sectors, indicating progress towards a safer educational environment. He expressed hope in ongoing initiatives and the increasing dialogue and funding for development in this area.

Concerns were raised about funding, research, and data collection. The panel suggested allocating greater attention and resources to ensure the protection of children online, emphasizing that it should be a top priority for society as a whole.

Ian Dreenan shared his concerns frankly, emphasizing the need for continuous vigilance and action. However, he also expressed hope for the future, acknowledging that child protection is a collective responsibility even for those without children.

Dr. Park echoed the importance of addressing societal taboos and encouraging open conversations, alongside increased investment in development. He acknowledged the progress made thus far but stressed the need to address tangible risks and maintain hope for the future.

Dr. Al-Khalil, as a parent and representative of the council, shared her concerns and hopes for the conversation surrounding child protection. She emphasized the need to move forward and increase awareness and education on this urgent matter.

Lastly, the moderator, Rebecca McLaughlin, recommended specific apps and protective tools to monitor children’s online activity and directed attendees to seek additional information from the respective agencies present.

Overall, the panel discussion highlighted the shared responsibility of protecting children online, emphasizing the need for ongoing collaboration, education, and regulation. It called for increased funding and attention from governments, the public, and the private sector to create a safer digital environment for children.

Dr. Yuhyun Park

The report titled “Persistent Cyber Pandemic” highlights a concerning trend in which 70% of children between the ages of 8 and 18 have consistently been exposed to at least one cyber risk for a period of seven years. This issue transcends regions and persists both before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

The report emphasizes that addressing cyber risk is not solely a children’s or family matter, but rather a persistent problem that requires the collective efforts of policy makers and industry leaders. This collective approach is crucial for effectively tackling cyber risks and ensuring the safety of children online. The report commends the approach taken by the Kingdom in addressing cyber risks and calls for its continued support.

Dr. Park, an expert in cybersecurity with 15 years of experience, emphasizes the importance of focusing on children’s issues in cybersecurity discussions. She argues that reducing the current cyber risk exposure of 70% among children should be a collective target, advocating for a decrease to at least 50%. To achieve this, she recommends reforms in the family, education, and technology sectors.

In the family and educational sectors, Dr. Park proposes implementing a digital skills framework and teaching responsible and ethical use of technology. She also highlights the need for ICT companies to prioritize safety by designing their products with user empowerment, age-appropriate measures, content moderation, and unified reporting systems in mind.

Furthermore, Dr. Park stresses the significance of policy and regulation in addressing cyber risks. She underlines the need for end-to-end safety measures, ranging from prevention to intervention and reporting. This underscores the importance of establishing comprehensive policies and regulations to safeguard children online.

Aside from the specific findings and recommendations, there are concerns regarding the impact of digital transformations, web developments, and online safety risks on children’s well-being and the security of their living environments. The dynamic nature of these advancements necessitates a mobilized effort to understand and address future risks, ensuring preparedness for potential challenges that may arise.

Overall, the report sheds light on the persistent and widespread nature of cyber risks faced by children, emphasizing the necessity of a collective approach involving policy makers, industry leaders, and the implementation of comprehensive reforms. It stresses the significance of prioritizing children’s issues in cybersecurity discussions and highlights the importance of policies, regulations, and safety measures to protect children online. Furthermore, it calls for ongoing efforts to anticipate and address future risks, aiming to create a safer digital landscape for children.

Dr. Maimoonah Alkhalil

Children in Saudi Arabia are actively participating in various online activities, with nearly 99% of them engaging in socializing, communication, and gaming. However, this increased involvement in the online world presents significant risks. Children are vulnerable to safety risks and exposure to inappropriate content, especially as boundaries between the virtual and physical worlds blur. Cyberbullying occurs both online and offline, further compounding the dangers associated with children’s online communication.

To address these concerns, Saudi Arabia has introduced the National Child Safety Online Framework. Developed with input from over 25 stakeholders, this framework will be overseen by the Family Affairs Council, responsible for its implementation, tracking, and reporting over a five-year period. The launch of this framework signifies a positive step in safeguarding children from the risks inherent in online activities.

The family also plays a crucial role in protecting children against online threats. Open conversations about these dangers are necessary, and parents need to be supportive and receptive when their child shares any online threats or discomfort they have experienced. Teachers also have a responsibility to raise awareness about online risks, helping students understand the various dangers that exist in the online world.

Efficient legislation and law enforcement are essential in tackling online threats. A well-defined system for reporting these threats, along with clear reporting channels and helplines, is necessary to support those affected. Additionally, a robust national infrastructure is required to effectively counter and address these challenges.

Funding is crucial for making progress in child online safety. It can be utilized to raise awareness through campaigns and develop tools that help children identify and manage online risks. Furthermore, a unified approach to measuring and assessing progress is key to ensuring effective intervention and evaluation.

Empowering children to handle potential online risks is crucial. Teaching assertiveness, resistance to peer pressure, and educating them on who to reach out to in case of danger are important aspects of enabling their safe navigation of the online world.

While concerns exist about the unknown and unexpected aspects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the future, it is important to remain vigilant and prepared. Plans are being implemented to address current challenges associated with AI and to ensure that children are adequately equipped to adapt and regulate their online experiences.

The family’s role is emphasized in adapting to future changes. Ongoing conversations and discussions, both nationally and internationally, are necessary to keep up with evolving trends and ensure the protection of children online. Preparing children, both in terms of their personality and their ability to regulate and face obstacles, is essential for their development.

Parents have a significant responsibility in safeguarding their children online. Actively seeking information and knowledge about online safety is crucial in ensuring their children’s well-being. It is imperative to disseminate awareness through various channels, equipping parents with the necessary information on parental controls, detecting signs of distress in their children, and encouraging positive online experiences.

In conclusion, while children in Saudi Arabia are heavily involved in online activities, there are risks associated with their online communication. The introduction of the National Child Safety Online Framework is a positive step towards addressing these concerns. The involvement of families, educators, legislation, and law enforcement is essential in creating a safe online environment for children. Funding, awareness campaigns, measurement, and assessment are crucial elements for ensuring progress in child online safety. Empowering children with the necessary skills and knowledge to handle online risks is essential, while also being prepared for the future challenges that AI may bring.

Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Nisha Pilai

The Cybersecurity Forum 2030 covered a range of topics relating to future networks and the associated cybersecurity challenges. Nisha Pillai, the keynote speaker, expressed the urgent need to prepare for future networks and address cybersecurity issues. It was argued that the emergence of networks like 6G and next-generation networks would significantly amplify cybersecurity challenges. The discussions highlighted concerns and the importance of critical evaluation.

Nisha Pillai also questioned the effectiveness of 5G and whether it had truly fulfilled its promises. Panelists were asked for their opinions on its achievements and limitations, leading to a thought-provoking debate. The potential of 6G networks to revolutionize the Internet of Things (IoT) was emphasized, with predictions that they would have a substantial impact on various sectors such as healthcare, smart cities, and energy.

Data management and personal data protection emerged as key concerns. The collection of large amounts of data for citizen services raised questions about how this information, particularly personal data, would be handled and safeguarded. Strengthening data protection measures and responsible data handling were highlighted as crucial.

The need for collaboration between the private and public sectors, particularly regarding cross-border data flow, was emphasized. Recognizing the global nature of data exchange, participants stressed the importance of cooperative efforts to effectively address cyber risks and ensure the smooth functioning of networks.

The significance of cybersecurity and standardization was also underscored. Participants, including Mr. Ben Amor, agreed on the need for standardization to mitigate potential risks associated with artificial intelligence services and applications. This highlighted the importance of establishing uniform cybersecurity protocols and practices.

Lastly, government support and international cooperation were identified as vital for expanding digital connectivity. With a significant portion of the global population still unconnected, there was a need for extensive efforts to improve digital connectivity. Mr. Ben Amor emphasized the role of international cooperation in addressing cyber risks and overcoming barriers.

In conclusion, the Cybersecurity Forum 2030 provided valuable insights into future networks, focusing on cybersecurity, the effectiveness of 5G, IoT, data management, collaboration, standardization, and government support. The discussions emphasized the need for proactive measures to address cyber risks and ensure responsible network development.

Bocar A. BA.

The analysis reveals important points about the development and deployment of 5G and 6G networks. One argument is that there is a misconception that 5G is an evolution of 4G, when it is actually a revolution. It is argued that 5G has been wrongly promoted as a consumer platform, when its main purpose is to serve enterprise, ports, airports, and vertical industries. This misunderstanding is supported by the fact that each market has developed 5G with a different strategy.

The early deployment of 5G in GCC countries is seen as a positive development, showing their proactive approach to embracing innovation in connectivity.

Regulatory breakthroughs in connectivity are considered crucial for advancing broadband networks. Economic regulation directly impacts a nation’s GDP, and regulators in the Middle East are moving towards the 5th generation of regulation, recognizing its importance.

Sustainability and carbon neutrality are emphasized as crucial aspects of 6G technology development, potentially helping combat carbon emissions and reduce consumption.

The telecom industry is shifting its focus towards sustainability, considering environmental and social factors in addition to cost and profitability.

Challenges in terms of cybersecurity are expected to increase with the development of 6G networks. The need for enhanced cybersecurity is recognized.

Harmonization between stakeholders is essential for the successful deployment of 6G. Standardization, scalability, and interoperability are key factors in achieving harmonization.

The infrastructure of 5G, 5G advance, and 6G networks will lead to an increase in cross-border data transfer, posing major cybersecurity challenges.

The standardization of devices connected to 5G and beyond networks is a crucial issue due to the billions of assets that will be connected.

Effective governance involving governments, private sectors, and third parties is crucial for managing and regulating network infrastructure.

Telecommunication networks have demonstrated their resilience during the pandemic, supporting social and professional life, remote schooling, and withstanding a surge in demand.

Enhanced cybersecurity and user empowerment are emphasized with the introduction of 6G.

Operators’ investment is crucial in tackling the challenges brought by 6G networks, and incentives can motivate operators to invest more.

Government involvement in promoting cybersecurity and building capacity is encouraged.

Telecom operators play a significant role in providing secure networks and contributing to cyber safety.

There is a need to connect the unconnected portion of the world population, to reduce inequalities and promote inclusion.

In summary, the analysis highlights various important factors related to the development and deployment of 5G and 6G networks. These factors include understanding the true nature of 5G, the early deployment of 5G in GCC countries, regulatory breakthroughs, sustainability and carbon neutrality, the shift towards sustainability in the telecom industry, cybersecurity challenges, stakeholder harmonization, infrastructure implications, device standardization, governance, network resilience, user empowerment, investment, government involvement, telecom operators’ role in cybersecurity, and global connectivity. These insights provide valuable information for stakeholders involved in shaping the future of connectivity.

H.E. Kyriacos Kokkinos

The consensus among the speakers is that 5G technology has not fully delivered on its promise. While it is still in the development phase, there has been no large-scale deployment of 5G in the industrial sector and no revolutionary use case in the consumer market. This has led to a negative sentiment towards 5G due to unfulfilled expectations. However, there have been some technical successes and ongoing developments in 5G.

On the other hand, 6G technology is anticipated to be the next major advancement in connectivity. It is expected to offer incredible speeds that are 100 times faster than 5G and work in conjunction with other technologies like satellite communication. The speakers highlight potential advancements in sectors such as education, healthcare, and business with the integration of 6G and advanced AI.

An ethical and responsible approach to 6G technology is emphasized to ensure its positive use and avoid potential negative consequences. The importance of collaboration in cybersecurity is also highlighted, along with the need for harmonization and regulation across stakeholders.

Furthermore, the overlap of human and machine reality with the advent of 6G and the metaverse is discussed. This raises questions about the humanization of machines and the mechanization of humans, with potential implications for society.

In conclusion, while 5G has not fully met expectations, it is still in development and has shown some technical successes. Anticipation for 6G technology is high, with expectations of groundbreaking advancements in various sectors. However, ethical considerations, collaboration in cybersecurity, and harmonization and regulation are crucial for responsible implementation. The potential overlap of human and machine reality poses intriguing possibilities and challenges that need to be addressed.

H.E. Eng. Mohamed Ben Amor

The analysis comprises multiple speakers discussing various topics related to breakthrough technologies. One key point highlighted is the positive impact of 5G. It is argued that 5G has brought significant advancements in terms of data speed, low latency, and high density. This breakthrough is seen as crucial for the development of new technologies that require these specific capabilities.

Additionally, the Internet of Things (IoT) is identified as a major connectivity breakthrough with wide-ranging applications in sectors such as energy, healthcare, and smart cities. The speakers emphasize that IoT has expanded the scope of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), making it a fantastic tool for improving the lives of citizens. The potential benefits of IoT for citizen well-being are highlighted, with the assertion that it has the ability to significantly enhance quality of life.

However, concerns are raised about the cybersecurity implications and data privacy issues associated with next-generation networks like 6G. The speakers express worries about the increasing collection of personal data and its management and protection. The large-scale collection of personal data poses significant cybersecurity risks and reinforces the need for effective data privacy regulations. It is strongly suggested that regulations play a crucial role in managing and protecting personal data.

The importance of international cooperation is stressed in order to address the risks and challenges posed by new-generation networks. The speakers highlight the role of cybersecurity bodies and advocate for a unified approach to tackling these challenges. Additionally, the urgency of standardization in digital technologies, particularly in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) and cybersecurity, is emphasized. The speakers argue that the high risks associated with AI services and applications could potentially endanger lives, underscoring the need for standardized protocols and practices.

Finally, the analysis concludes by asserting the need for regulations at national, regional, and international levels. The speakers argue that regulations are essential for safeguarding national and international security interests. The importance of creating a regulatory framework to govern data management usage and protect personal data is emphasized, aligning with the goal of achieving peace, justice, and strong institutions.

In summary, the analysis explores various aspects of breakthrough technologies. It highlights the positive impact of 5G and the transformative potential of IoT. The analysis also sheds light on concerns regarding cybersecurity and data privacy, emphasizing the need for effective regulations and international cooperation. The urgent need for standardization in digital technologies, particularly in the context of AI and cybersecurity, is acknowledged. Lastly, the analysis underscores the importance of regulation at various levels to ensure national and international security.

Speakers

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Session report

Ben Miller

In the analysis, several speakers provided insights on various aspects of cybersecurity in relation to industrial control systems (ICS) and digital transformation. Dragos, represented by Ben Miller, is a notable company dedicated to protecting and securing ICS. Miller leads Dragos’ services team, which includes instant response and preparedness checks, demonstrating the proactive approach of the company.

The analysis highlights a shift in companies’ cybersecurity approach from solely relying on protection-based measures, like segmentation, to more proactive measures that involve creating visibility for threat detection. This change is needed as companies integrate more similar systems, increasing the attack surface. Outdated infrastructures, running on systems that reached end of life several years ago, are particularly vulnerable and require enhanced visibility.

The analysis emphasizes the need to combat obsolescence and vulnerabilities through implementing appropriate technology. Recent incidents, such as a case where ransomware affected an undetected traffic control system for months, highlight the urgent need for improved defensive measures. Prevention alone is not enough, and visibility is crucial to understand the environments.

Additionally, the analysis acknowledges that prevention in terms of security measures can eventually fail. It is crucial to create a defensible architecture with active system monitoring and capable personnel to respond to threats or incidents. Staff members should understand how to operate in an environment where they may be provided with incorrect information.

The analysis suggests that achieving a completely secure system is not a realistic goal due to the constant introduction of new technologies and capabilities by adversaries. Cybersecurity is an ongoing journey that requires continuous adaptation and improvement.

Collaboration between IT and OT is crucial in the context of cybersecurity. It is acknowledged that the life cycle and pace of change in IT and OT are significantly different. Conversations between the domains should focus on understanding the facility’s mission and working within constraints to avoid disruptions. IT disruptions to OT systems can cause downtime in revenue-generating assets, leading to tension between the two domains.

In conclusion, the analysis provides a comprehensive overview of cybersecurity in relation to industrial control systems and digital transformation. It highlights the proactive approach of companies like Dragos in protecting and securing ICS. The shift towards creating visibility for threat detection, combating obsolescence, and the importance of a defensible architecture with active system monitoring are emphasized. The analysis recognizes that achieving absolute security is not feasible and that cybersecurity is an ongoing journey. Collaboration between IT and OT is seen as crucial, focusing on understanding the facility’s mission and constraints to prevent disruptions.

Joshua Kennedy-White

The rapid pace of technological change leads to obsolescence as new technologies continuously replace older ones. Telecommunications, for instance, have moved from 3G to 4G and now to the latest 5G network, rendering previous generations obsolete. This highlights the constant need for adaptation to keep up with the ever-evolving landscape of technology.

Adaptability emerges as the best approach to embrace these changes. Being flexible and adaptive is crucial in navigating technological advancements. Surara, for instance, actively cultivates a culture of adaptability through research and development, training, and promoting workforce diversity. This helps prepare their employees to anticipate and embrace obsolescence.

Technology itself is a major driver of obsolescence. The introduction of new technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), 5G networks, quantum computing, and space technologies fuels rapid change. For example, the development of a new navigation system for airlines can make an entire fleet of aircraft obsolete. Similarly, the potential rise of driverless cars could make drivers themselves obsolete.

However, the biggest challenge in transitioning from legacy to modern technologies lies in people. Individuals are often resistant to change and may struggle to adapt to new technologies and ways of doing things. Despite being the largest asset of a company, human resources can be the pain point in the transition process. Overcoming this challenge requires effective training and change management strategies to facilitate successful adoption of new technologies.

The concept of absolute security is explored, suggesting that it is impossible to achieve complete security. The security vendor community’s obsession with achieving absolute security is questioned, as it is proposed that resilience and good enough security should be prioritised instead. This highlights the importance of finding a balance between security and usability in technology.

The expectations of consumers and the government also need to be recalibrated in response to technological changes. It is argued that the government does not always hold the responsibility to address every issue, and consumers should have a concept of resilience. Furthermore, the sudden criticality of modern services necessitates a revised understanding of their importance as critical infrastructure.

Strategic planning emerges as a crucial factor in successfully transitioning from legacy to next-generation technologies. Without a well-thought-out plan, organisations risk accumulating a plethora of technologies without a sense of security. To mitigate this, it is recommended to establish a shelf life for technology, adopt a modular architecture, and involve vendors in the upgrade processes. These strategic considerations can help facilitate a smooth and successful transition.

In conclusion, the constant change in technology drives obsolescence, necessitating adaptability to embrace these changes. Technology itself is the leading cause of obsolescence, and the transition from legacy to modern technologies can present challenges, particularly related to human resources. Achieving absolute security is deemed impossible, and instead, the focus should be on resilience and good enough security. The expectations of consumers and the government need to be adjusted, and strategic planning is crucial for a successful transition.

Major General Manjeet Singh

Obsolescence, the concept of something becoming outdated or no longer useful, has long been practised in military inventories, with certain percentages of outdated equipment maintained. However, the pace of technological advancements, user expectations, market forces, and security requirements have significantly accelerated obsolescence.

In response to this accelerated obsolescence, it is crucial to establish a cycle to effectively manage it while ensuring functionality and security. This means finding ways to address the challenges posed by rapidly changing technologies, evolving user needs, and the market-driven demand for up-to-date equipment.

One notable effort in mitigating the impact of obsolescence is being undertaken by Major General Manjeet Singh in India. India boasts a large population of approximately 800 million internet users and 1.3 billion phone users, resulting in a significant number of transactions, around 10 billion per month. Recognising the importance of minimising obsolescence in such an advanced and connected society, Major General Manjeet Singh is working towards finding effective strategies to manage and reduce the impact of obsolescence in India.

Furthermore, India is also making commendable strides in securing its cyberspace. They are actively addressing governance issues related to cyberspace, developing comprehensive crisis management plans, and creating resilient infrastructure. Additionally, India is taking measures to ensure disaster recovery and backup plans for data, emphasising the importance of network resilience.

The analysis reveals that obsolescence is not a new concept for militaries, with certain strategies like maintaining specific percentages of outdated equipment being employed. However, the increasing speed of technological progress, evolving user expectations, market dynamics, and security considerations present challenges that require proactive management of obsolescence. The case of India highlights how the country recognises the significance of addressing obsolescence in its technologically advanced society and is taking measures to both minimise its impact and secure its cyberspace.

Overall, the detailed summary highlights the various factors accelerating obsolescence and the importance of managing it effectively. It also underscores the efforts made by Major General Manjeet Singh in India, along with the country’s commitment to securing its cyberspace.

Dr. Yacine Djemaiel

The obsolescence of software and hardware components in critical infrastructure can pose significant threats to the services they provide. There is a strong dependency between the software and hardware for each component in most cases. When the hardware fails to respond after software updates, the process to replace such hardware is initiated. However, this process can be time-consuming and may lead to potential threats regarding critical infrastructure if not addressed promptly. This raises concerns about the need for up-to-date regulations and strategies for critical infrastructure.

From the Tunisian experience, it has been observed that targeting regulation is essential in addressing this issue. In 2023, Tunisia defined a new law for cybersecurity, updating a previous law from 2004. Critical infrastructure had a dedicated chapter and a set of laws that major companies must respect. This demonstrates the significance of up-to-date regulations and highlights the importance of having specific laws that govern critical infrastructure.

Regulatory guidelines for critical infrastructure are also crucial. Dr. Yacine Djemaiel emphasises the need for such guidelines to ensure that these infrastructures are maintained and updated in a timely manner. Including criteria against which the components of the infrastructure should be certified in the regulations can further enhance their effectiveness.

However, upgrading hardware or software for critical infrastructure can be challenging for government companies. It requires detailed planning and budgeting. The process of acquiring the necessary budget and carrying out the changes in compliance with regulations may be lengthy, causing delays in maintaining and improving the infrastructure. This issue underscores the need for more efficient solutions to reduce the time required for infrastructure replacement and upgrades.

Dr. Yacine Djemaiel advocates for reducing the time needed for updates, as it would make compliance with regulations more efficient. Faster replacement and upgrades can mitigate the risks posed by outdated infrastructure. By streamlining the process and making it more time-efficient, the potential threats to critical infrastructure can be reduced.

In conclusion, the obsolescence of software and hardware components in critical infrastructure poses significant threats to the services they provide. It is crucial to have up-to-date regulations and strategies to mitigate these risks. Regulatory guidelines, along with efficient infrastructure replacement and upgrade solutions, can help maintain and update critical infrastructures more effectively. By addressing these issues, the potential threats to critical infrastructure can be mitigated, ensuring the smooth and secure provision of essential services.

Rebecca McLaughlin-Eastham

This comprehensive analysis examines the level of preparedness and protection of companies and entities against obsolescence and vulnerabilities. It sheds light on the budget companies allocate for upgrades and resilience measures, questioning whether it is adequate. The analysis also explores the broader perspective of how well-protected or exposed entities are in the face of obsolescence.

One of the key points raised is the budget companies allocate for upgrades and resilience measures. This raises concerns about whether companies are sufficiently prepared for potential obsolescence and vulnerabilities. The analysis emphasizes the importance of investing in upgrades and resilient infrastructure to mitigate the risks associated with technological advancements and changing market dynamics.

Another significant point is the overall preparedness of entities when it comes to obsolescence. The analysis urges us to take a broader view and consider the extent to which entities have considered the implications of obsolescence and taken proactive measures to protect themselves. By doing so, entities can ensure their sustained viability and competitiveness in the face of rapidly evolving technologies and changing industry landscapes.

The analysis also notes the neutral sentiment surrounding this topic. While it does not provide a clear indication of stakeholders’ views, it signifies the importance of a balanced perspective when examining the level of preparedness and protection against obsolescence and vulnerabilities. It suggests that a well-rounded assessment is essential in identifying areas of improvement and developing strategies to address any gaps.

In conclusion, this analysis highlights the significance of preparedness and protection when it comes to obsolescence and vulnerabilities. It underscores the need for companies to allocate sufficient budget for upgrades and resilience measures, as well as the importance of taking a comprehensive approach to ensure entities are adequately protected against obsolescence. By addressing these issues, companies and entities can enhance their ability to adapt, thrive, and remain competitive in an ever-evolving business landscape.

Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Dr. Bernd Pichlmayer

Cyber diplomacy involves addressing complex technical issues related to cybersecurity. Diplomats need to possess knowledge in areas such as 5G technology and cyber threats in order to effectively engage in discussions and negotiations on cyber issues. Traditionally, diplomats are educated in history, culture, and language, but the technical aspects of cybersecurity have become increasingly important in the digital age.

Moreover, cyber diplomacy is no longer limited to discussions between sovereign states. It now includes a broader range of stakeholders, such as big tech companies, law enforcement agencies, and civil society organizations. These non-sovereign entities play a crucial role in cybersecurity, and their inclusion in discussions poses a challenge for many countries and international organizations.

The pace of change and impact in the cyber realm is faster than in other areas. This dynamic nature of cybersecurity requires diplomats to stay updated and adapt to new challenges. The rapid rate of technological advancements and emerging threats necessitates continuous learning and collaboration in the field of cyber diplomacy.

Cyber diplomacy has demonstrated its effectiveness in addressing common cybersecurity problems. One approach involves creating small, focused groups of like-minded countries. The success of initiatives such as the Counter Ransomware Initiative, which expanded from 28 to 40-plus countries, highlights the value of forming collaborative and targeted alliances to tackle cyber threats.

Ministries of foreign affairs need to have a basic understanding of the cyber elements that are being discussed or negotiated. Given the increasing importance of cybersecurity in international relations, it is essential for diplomats to possess a level of cyber expertise to effectively navigate and contribute to discussions on cyber issues.

There is already an existing normative framework for responsible state behavior in the cyber realm. The UN Cybercrime Convention, which is due for completion in January 2024, provides a framework for addressing cybercrime and promoting responsible state behavior in cyberspace. This convention serves as a guide for states to uphold cybersecurity norms and principles.

Flexible and issue-specific alliances are seen as positive in the realm of cyber diplomacy. Governments are advised to find niche and like-minded partners and then expand their collaborations. This approach allows for tailored and effective responses to cyber challenges, leveraging the strengths and expertise of different stakeholders.

Multi-stakeholder platforms, such as the Global Cyber Security Forum, are considered essential for progress in cyber diplomacy. These platforms enable diverse actors, including governments, industry players, and civil society, to come together and exchange ideas, best practices, and solutions. In 2022, Saudi Arabia will host the Internet Governance Forum, demonstrating the importance placed on multi-stakeholder engagement in shaping cyber governance.

In conclusion, cyber diplomacy requires diplomats to possess technical knowledge as it involves complex issues related to cybersecurity. The landscape of cyber diplomacy has expanded beyond sovereign states to include various stakeholders. Keeping pace with the rapidly evolving cyber realm is crucial, and collaboration through small, focused groups has proven effective in addressing common cybersecurity challenges. Governments need to develop an understanding of cyber elements, and a normative framework for responsible state behavior already exists. Forming flexible alliances and engaging in multi-stakeholder platforms are crucial for progress in cyber diplomacy.

Dr. Jovan Kurbalija

The analysis explores the concept of cyber diplomacy and its relationship with traditional diplomacy. It starts by stating that diplomacy originated from the realization that it is better to talk than to fight. Cyber diplomacy involves negotiations with various actors and operates in the realm of cyberspace, spanning different disciplines.

Effective communication across disciplines is vital in the context of cyber security. The analysis emphasizes that cyber security is connected to different arenas, such as WTO trade negotiations, which requires communication between the technical and diplomatic communities. The challenges in maintaining this communication are highlighted, emphasizing the need for an effective protocol.

The resilience of the internet is evidence of progress in multidisciplinary collaboration. Despite geopolitical tensions, the internet has thrived, showcasing the positive strides made in cyber diplomacy. The analysis also notes that individuals from the technical and diplomatic communities are gaining a better understanding of each other, indicating improved collaboration.

Cyber diplomacy is seen as a potential tool to alleviate geopolitical tensions. Even nations in conflict engage in cyber diplomacy, highlighting its ability to mitigate tensions.

The analysis emphasizes stakeholders’ interest in implementing general norms for cybersecurity practice. The Geneva Dialogue, which aims to find solutions for implementing these norms, is mentioned. The outcome of this dialogue will be the Geneva Manual, which will be launched on 7th December in Geneva.

The analysis advocates for the development of cyber and digital diplomacy capabilities by governments. It suggests that governments should create strategies and provide training in these areas. Additionally, it acknowledges the increasing importance of cyber diplomacy, with approximately 60 countries having established representation in Silicon Valley.

Lastly, the analysis highlights the significance of promoting dialogues and exchanges to facilitate understanding. Dialogues involving different fields, such as diplomacy, business, and technology, can foster professional empathy and understanding. It acknowledges that fostering these dialogues is a time-consuming process without any shortcuts.

In conclusion, the analysis provides insights into the world of cyber diplomacy and its relationship with traditional diplomacy. It underscores the need for effective communication across disciplines, the growth of multidisciplinary collaboration, the role of cyber diplomacy in alleviating tensions, and the importance of implementing general norms in cybersecurity practice. The analysis also highlights the role of governments in developing cyber and digital diplomacy capabilities and emphasizes the significance of promoting dialogues and exchanges to facilitate understanding.

Rudolph Lohmeyer

The field of cyber diplomacy has emerged as a distinct discipline that requires a unique set of skills and institutional requirements. While it shares some similarities with traditional diplomacy, cyber diplomacy also has important differences due to its technical nature. Unlike other fields of diplomacy, cyber diplomacy requires a certain level of technical expertise.

Recognising the importance of international cooperation, there is a growing consensus on the need for increased collaboration and global agreements on cyber norms. Countries around the world are deploying cyber diplomats within their embassies to actively engage in cyber diplomacy. At the United Nations, work is underway to develop global agreements that will facilitate cooperation and establish norms in the cyber domain.

The private sector is also seen as an indispensable partner in cyber diplomacy. The private sector has called upon government leaders to develop consensus on cyber conventions and norms. Google CEO Sundar Pichai has highlighted the need for the same kind of norms in the cyber environment as can be found in warfare. The involvement of the private sector is crucial in driving innovation and implementing effective cybersecurity measures.

Dialogue and interaction play a vital role in diplomacy. By engaging in open discussions, diplomats can identify common interests and work towards shared goals. Without dialogue, it becomes challenging to discover areas of mutual concern and make progress. It is through dialogue that diplomats can foster understanding, build trust, and establish strong relationships.

Another important aspect of diplomatic interactions is the endorsement of a non-zero-sum game approach. Diplomats acknowledge the need to find win-win situations and build upon them. This approach emphasizes collaboration and cooperation rather than zero-sum competition. By seeking mutually beneficial outcomes, diplomats can create sustainable partnerships and achieve long-term goals.

In conclusion, cyber diplomacy is a unique field that requires its own set of skills and institutional requirements. Collaboration and global agreements on cyber norms are crucial for effective cyber diplomacy. The involvement of the private sector is seen as essential, and dialogue and a non-zero-sum game approach play a significant role in making progress in diplomacy. By considering these factors, diplomats can navigate the complex challenges of the cyber domain and facilitate peaceful and secure cooperation in the digital era.

H.E. Massimo Marotti

Cyber diplomacy is a relatively new domain within traditional diplomacy that requires the adaptation of traditional tools, as it operates in a space with no physical boundaries. It has become increasingly important due to the rise of cyber threats and digital communication. Unlike traditional diplomatic efforts, cyber diplomacy involves navigating through an intricate virtual landscape where non-state actors play a significant role. This shift has created a need for diplomats to understand the unique dynamics and challenges present in cyberspace.

The complexity of cyber diplomacy is further highlighted by the multidisciplinary nature of the field. Dr. Yovan articulates the deep technical complexity and multidisciplinarity, which adds another layer of difficulty in navigating this domain effectively. Progress within cyber diplomacy is not linear due to the presence of different stakeholders, each with their own agendas and interests. However, there are glimpses of progress in certain areas, indicating the potential for advancement in cyber diplomacy.

One of the key challenges in cyber diplomacy is the lack of universally applicable rules. Ambassador Marotti emphasises the need for global regulations to address this issue and provide a framework for cyber diplomatic efforts. The discussions revolve around how to apply these rules effectively and ensure that they accommodate the unique characteristics of cyberspace. Without such global regulations, the effectiveness of cyber diplomatic efforts may be hindered.

Despite the challenges, Ambassador Marotti maintains a cautious optimism about the state of cyber diplomacy. He believes that small groups functioning as accelerators can provide the energy and effectiveness required to regulate cyberspace. These groups, operating within larger multilateral forums, play a crucial role in the regulatory process. The Ambassador encourages common ground efforts among member states with different interests to ensure successful regulation. Without a general agreement, multiple regulations might emerge, which could be detrimental to the overall progress in cyber diplomacy.

Capacity building is seen as a crucial aspect of cyber diplomacy, as highlighted by the shared need among nations and organisations to develop capacities and capabilities in this field. The availability of skilled engineers and IT professionals in state agencies is identified as a common problem that needs to be addressed. Improving cybersecurity education is also deemed necessary to enhance the capacity of nations to handle cyber threats effectively.

Furthermore, cooperation in institution building is emphasised as a way to strengthen cyber diplomacy. Agencies from different countries often collaborate to build robust institutions that can effectively address cyber threats and engage in diplomatic efforts.

In conclusion, cyber diplomacy is a rapidly evolving domain within traditional diplomacy that requires the adaptation of traditional tools. It operates in a space with no physical boundaries and involves the presence of non-state actors. The field is complex, progress is not linear, and the lack of universally applicable rules is a significant challenge. However, there are promising glimpses of progress, and the efforts of small groups and common ground initiatives can contribute to effective regulation. Capacity building and institution building are seen as crucial aspects to enhance cyber diplomacy.

Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Ahmed Al-Isawi

The analysis of the provided data highlights several key points regarding the concerns and potential of emerging technologies. One notable concern raised is the potential impact of hacking in a highly digital world. Ahmed Al-Isawi, a renowned expert, showcases his worries about the security risks associated with hacking. He started as a hacker himself and understands their potential. He currently holds the responsibility for security in a digital city being developed in Neom.

Another concern is the need to foster innovation. It is emphasized that fostering a team that can innovate is crucial. A NASA study is mentioned, which indicates that children as young as five years old possess a 95% capability to innovate. Additionally, inculcating the right skills, knowledge, and values in teams is highlighted as being vital in cultivating a culture of innovation.

The role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing cybersecurity is also discussed. It is stated that AI can be used to monitor a large supply chain, detect anomalies, and respond to them within a limited timespan. However, it is important to note that the traditional methods and solutions may not suffice in solving modern cybersecurity problems. Ahmed Al-Isawi argues that if organisations continue to rely solely on traditional methods, they will fail to fully exploit the potential of AI in securing their systems.

The application of AI in breaking traditional boundaries is presented as a positive aspect. By employing AI innovatively, it is suggested that AI has the potential to overcome traditional limitations. Moreover, the shrinking turnaround time for detecting and reacting to cybersecurity incidents is highlighted, indicating that humans alone cannot cope with the short timeframe and that AI can play a significant role in addressing this challenge.

The metaverse, a virtual space, is explored in terms of its cybersecurity challenges and potential benefits. One notable challenge is the issue of user protection, as observed in the case of Second Life, an early example of a metaverse that faced problems with bullying and harassment. However, there is also optimism regarding the potential use of decentralised digital identities to improve behaviour in the metaverse. It is proposed that having people identified in the digital world may lead to better behaviour.

The importance of interdisciplinary cooperation and involving more than just cybersecurity experts in protecting the metaverse is emphasised. Authorities such as the police are suggested to contribute to maintaining order in the digital space.

Advancements in education through the use of the metaverse are highlighted. It is suggested that the metaverse enables school experiments to be conducted in a safe virtual environment and may lead to cost reduction for schools.

Regarding regulatory frameworks, it is argued that current regulations may not be sufficient to protect emerging technologies such as AI. The asymmetric nature of emerging technologies, where AI is expected to be used by approximately 60% of employees, raises concerns about the lack of policies to regulate its use.

Another concern raised is the potential for AI to produce faked or hallucinated information, especially with the development of generative AI. As a result, the need for AI to provide transparency and explain its processes is stressed.

It is noted that while regulations are important, they alone will not solve everything in the context of preserving values in an uncontrolled metaverse. Other factors such as education, parenting, and cultural and religious values are deemed necessary for value preservation.

The human element within the digital ecosystem is identified as crucial in preserving values. Humans are often considered the weakest link in a digital ecosystem, and education and parenting are seen as vital in addressing this issue.

Lastly, the significance of open-source development and public accessibility in advancing technology is highlighted. It is suggested that open-source contributions and public exploration of technology can help accelerate advancements, as closed-door development has been slowing down progress.

In conclusion, the analysis sheds light on various concerns and potentials related to emerging technologies. It underlines the need for heightened cybersecurity measures, fostering innovation, and acknowledging the role of AI in enhancing security. Moreover, it highlights the challenges and benefits of the metaverse, the need for updated regulatory frameworks, and the importance of the human element and open-source development in the digital ecosystem. Overall, this analysis provides valuable insights into the complex landscape of emerging technologies.

Adam Russell

During the cybersecurity discussion, the speakers addressed several key topics. They first highlighted the increasing complexity of transactions and data storage worldwide. With more transactions occurring daily and a growing volume of data being stored, the need for robust security platforms and tools is increasing.

The participants also expressed concern over the persistent threat of attackers finding ways to penetrate networks, even with advanced security measures in place. They specifically mentioned the introduction of ransomware as a method employed by attackers. Despite advancements in cybersecurity, attackers are still able to exploit vulnerabilities and gain unauthorized access to systems.

To combat these threats, organisations are increasingly turning to artificial intelligence (AI). AI is being used to quickly gain context on adversaries and reduce the time it takes to detect potential cyber attacks. By leveraging AI technologies, organizations can enhance their ability to identify and prevent these threats.

The emergence of quantum computing was another significant topic of discussion. Although quantum computing brings various benefits, it also introduces cybersecurity risks. However, the speakers stressed that at present, quantum computing does not pose a threat to encryption systems. Nevertheless, they highlighted the importance of exploring post-quantum cryptography as an opportunity to address these future risks.

The importance of collaboration and teamwork in strengthening cybersecurity was also emphasized. Participants acknowledged that different facets need to work together, as everyone brings their unique expertise to the table. By collaborating, stakeholders can bolster the technology and its security, ensuring a more robust defense against cyber threats.

In virtual spaces, regulation and safety measures were discussed. Speakers underscored the need for flexible, ecosystem-specific policies to ensure safety while promoting innovation. They cited the example of Second Life, which successfully implemented user-friendly regulations to safeguard users and encourage innovation. The notion of a “metaverse of metaverses” was also introduced, highlighting the existence of diverse ecosystems with their specific safety measures.

Regulation was seen as crucial for the security of critical systems and the safety of users. However, the speakers cautioned against rushing into extensive regulation on top of artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models. They expressed concern that excessive regulation could impede technology adoption and hinder a country’s ability to harness its potential.

The importance of partnerships and international cooperation in combating global cyber threats was emphasized. The participants cited ongoing efforts to combat child safety issues, tackle ransomware attacks, and establish public-private partnerships with companies that host substantial amounts of data. Collaboration was viewed as key to addressing the evolving landscape of cyber threats effectively.

In conclusion, the discussion on cybersecurity highlighted the challenges and opportunities brought forth by the increasing complexity of transactions, data storage, and emerging technologies. The participants emphasized the need for robust security measures, including the use of AI and exploration of post-quantum cryptography. Collaboration, regulation, and partnerships were viewed as vital tools in fortifying cybersecurity and safeguarding critical systems and user safety.

Moderator – Lucy Hedges

During the discussions, the speakers delved into the complexities of emerging technologies, focusing on AI, cybersecurity, and the virtual world. They acknowledged that AI is a technology that has barely scratched the surface of its potential benefits or detriments. While it has been a long-standing technology, it is now gaining mainstream attention.

One of the main points raised was the need to find a balance in how AI is used due to its potential impact, both beneficial and detrimental. The speakers noted that the full extent of AI’s benefits and dangers are still not fully known. This highlights the importance of carefully considering and managing the deployment of AI technologies to harness its potential advantages whilst mitigating the potential risks.

The discussions also highlighted the significance of teamwork in innovation and effective cybersecurity. A diverse team with different skills and perspectives fosters innovation and strengthens technology security. By collaborating and working together, different facets of a team contribute to building a more robust environment for enhancing technology security.

While AI can be effectively leveraged to enhance cybersecurity, it was also acknowledged that emerging technologies, specifically AI, present significant cybersecurity challenges. The rapid advancement and complexity of AI technology create new vulnerabilities that must be addressed to ensure the security of digital systems and infrastructure.

The negative aspects of the virtual world were also discussed, particularly experiences of harassment and bullying in platforms like Second Life. It was argued that there is a lack of preventative measures and punitive actions in place to address such behaviors. Thus, there is a need for regulation to prevent and punish bad behavior in the virtual world, ensuring a safer online environment.

Additionally, the discussions highlighted the intertwining of digital and physical lives, emphasizing the need to regulate these experiences. As digital lives become increasingly connected with the physical world, effective regulations must be put in place to protect individuals and maintain peace, justice, and strong institutions in both realms.

The importance of developing emerging technologies in the public domain was another noteworthy point raised. By allowing everyone to “play with” and experience these technologies through open source support, there can be faster knowledge generation and advancement than with traditional research approaches. This aligns with the goal of accelerating progress and knowledge sharing in the field of emerging technologies.

Overall, the discussions were neutral to positive in sentiment, with recognition of the potential benefits and challenges associated with emerging technologies. The speakers encouraged finding a balance, fostering teamwork, addressing cybersecurity challenges, regulating the virtual world, and promoting the development of emerging technologies in the public domain. These discussions shed light on the intricacies and complexities surrounding these topics, urging stakeholders to approach these technologies with caution and responsibility.

Chante Maurio

The analysis provides a comprehensive overview of various perspectives on the benefits and challenges of AI and emerging technologies. One key finding is that AI technology advancement has both advantages and drawbacks. On the positive side, it provides the opportunity to process large sets of data and use them in predictive ways. However, there are concerns that this advancement also allows bad actors to be trained at a faster rate. Furthermore, it enables less skilled individuals to build capabilities that they would not have otherwise been able to acquire.

In terms of emerging technologies, the analysis highlights the challenges they pose not only in terms of technological advancements but also in talent acquisition. To overcome these challenges, some argue for the utilization of AI to substitute for certain analysts and upskill existing ones. This approach is seen as a way to address the talent gap in this rapidly evolving field.

Education and proper educational programs emerge as crucial factors for the success of the global economy in mitigating the risks associated with emerging technologies. It is believed that these programs can help individuals and organizations navigate the complexities of this evolving landscape and ensure the development of necessary skills. Additionally, global harmonization of regulations is seen as vital for preventing issues of equity and competition that can arise from uneven adoption and control of emerging technologies.

The timing of introducing frameworks, standards, and regulations is also deemed critical. If introduced too soon, regulations may hinder technology’s potential. Thus, it is recommended to carefully consider the best time for implementing regulations to strike a balance between innovation and regulation.

Ethical considerations are viewed as an important aspect of tech regulation, and it is suggested that they should be managed alongside the implementation of technology. Technicians must not overlook the ethical dimensions while focusing solely on technical requirements. This recognition highlights the need for an inclusive and comprehensive approach to tech regulation.

In terms of cybersecurity, the analysis emphasizes the importance of education and training. Numerous resources, such as technical documents and standards offered by the National Institute of Standards and Technologies, free cybersecurity training provided by organizations like the Global Cyber Alliance and the Cyber Readiness Institute, and training and certificate programs offered by testing and certification organizations, can facilitate education and training in this field.

The analysis also recognizes the significance of communities, forums, and the exchange of ideas. These aspects are seen as essential for collective learning and the development of innovative solutions in response to emerging technologies.

The importance of introducing frameworks and standards at the right time into an ecosystem is underscored. While baseline standards are required, the adoption of these standards remains somewhat fragmented. It is acknowledged that certain additions and deviations from the standards may have purpose and necessity, but they should be mapped back to the baseline to ensure coherence and interoperability.

Finally, the analysis highlights the importance of international collaboration in aligning standards. Organizations such as IEC, ISO, and ISA are commended for providing forums that facilitate collaboration and cooperation in developing and aligning standards.

Overall, the analysis reveals that while AI and emerging technologies bring about numerous opportunities, they also pose challenges that require careful consideration. Ensuring proper education, timely regulations, ethical considerations, cybersecurity training, community building, and international collaboration are identified as critical factors in navigating the evolving landscape of these technologies.

Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Ryan Chilcote

Summary:

According to the global cybersecurity community, there is a strong belief that a major cyberattack is imminent. Michael’s comment hinted at the possibility of an upcoming cyberattack, further raising concerns. Cyber threats target both individuals and nations, indicating that no one is exempt from the potential dangers.

Ryan believes that nation-states pose a greater danger in terms of cyber threats compared to individual hackers. This reflects the increased sophistication and capabilities of nation-states in carrying out cyberattacks. It is crucial for nations to remain vigilant and enhance their cybersecurity measures to protect critical systems and infrastructure from cyber warfare.

The importance of focusing on the security of supply chains and collaboration is emphasized, particularly in relation to artificial intelligence (AI). Addressing the challenges associated with AI and supply chains requires collaborative efforts. The Global Cybersecurity Forum (GCF) recognizes the need for collective action in addressing these issues.

One potential pitfall related to AI is the inclusion of sensitive information in text transcripts. Anecdotal experiences have highlighted concerns about privacy and security when using AI transcription software. For example, the software transcribed the entire conversation, including parts before and after the call, and shared it with all participants. This raises significant questions about the protection of private and confidential information and the overall security of AI systems.

In conclusion, the global cybersecurity community is increasingly concerned about the growing threat of cyberattacks. Strengthening cybersecurity measures and fostering international collaboration are crucial to mitigate these risks. It is also essential to address the potential pitfalls associated with AI, such as the exposure of sensitive information, to ensure privacy and security.

Dr. Saad Saleh Alaboodi

The disruption of the global supply chain in the cyber context is already an issue, with targeted attacks on various sectors. For example, the Shamoon attack on Aramco in 2012 had a profound impact on energy supplies. Additionally, the healthcare sector has been severely affected, as seen with the propagation of COVID-19. Furthermore, targeted attacks on the IT supply chain, such as the SolarWinds attack in 2020, pose significant challenges.

On a positive note, emerging technologies such as AI, quantum computing, and mobility tools are becoming increasingly fundamental to businesses and organizations. These technologies are no longer just plugins or interfaces, but offer opportunities for innovation and optimization.

However, the adoption of emerging technologies also presents risks. For instance, misuse of generative AI can lead to the creation of disinformation, with adverse consequences. Furthermore, disruptions and potential misuse in the adoption of these technologies must be carefully managed to prevent harm.

Business models that leverage emerging technologies, like robotics and drones for packaging and delivery, have the potential to drive significant innovation. It is crucial, however, that these models are implemented securely, especially in times of peace.

The adoption of emerging technologies also necessitates a shift in required skill sets and talent development. Decision-makers must be equipped to make decisions on a larger scale and at a higher speed in order to accommodate the influx of material brought into the decision-making process by emerging technologies.

To ensure supply chain security, international collaboration, robust regulations, and information sharing are crucial. Collaboration among “good guys” must be as efficient as that of “bad guys” to effectively counter cyber threats. It is also important to inject sovereignty in policy-making and industry to uphold supply chain security.

Securing the cyberspace is vital as more assets and items are being digitized and pushed from the physical space to the cyberspace. This shift towards securing the cyberspace leads to the security of the economy and the prosperity of nations. Some tech companies have already started the shift towards sovereignty, recognising its importance in securing the cyberspace.

Moreover, it is suggested that tech companies should focus on building sovereign versions of their technology and offerings, as this is seen as the future. The sovereign version of hyperscaler cloud services might soon become the default version, significantly impacting the global ICT markets.

Efficient integration between the physical and digital supply chain spaces is necessary for optimization in operational supplies, including cost, performance, and delivery. The intertwined relationship between different domains across the value chain can have catastrophic consequences in times of crisis. Therefore, there is a need to establish efficient integration between these two spaces to maximize benefits.

In conclusion, the disruption of the global supply chain due to cyber attacks is a pressing issue. While the adoption of emerging technologies presents opportunities for innovation, it also introduces risks that need to be vigilantly managed. Furthermore, ensuring supply chain security requires international collaboration, robust regulations, and information sharing. Securing the cyberspace is essential for the prosperity of nations, and tech companies should consider building sovereign versions of their technology. Efficient integration between physical and digital supply chain spaces is crucial for optimization and resilience.

Amin H. Nasser

The rapid digital transformation of our world has made us more vulnerable to cyberattacks, and the energy sector has become a prime target. Last year, approximately 97 zettabytes of data were generated globally, with a predicted increase to 175 zettabytes by 2025. This exponential growth in data provides cybercriminals with more opportunities to exploit vulnerabilities and gain unauthorized access to critical systems.

Aramco, a notable company in the energy sector, recognizes the importance of building resilience against cyberattacks. They have implemented a comprehensive defense strategy focused on safeguarding their operations. Aramco has established cybersecurity standards for all their service providers, creating a security-oriented ecosystem that strengthens their overall defense against cyber threats.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a powerful tool with enormous economic potential. Generative AI alone could contribute between $2.6 trillion and $4.4 trillion annually to the world economy. However, along with these economic benefits, AI also presents unique risks. To mitigate these risks, guidelines and controls have been established to promote the responsible and secure implementation of AI technologies.

Aramco’s commitment to cybersecurity is also reflected in their emphasis on continuous innovation and comprehensive cybersecurity measures. They believe that by actively pursuing innovative solutions and incorporating robust cybersecurity practices, they can ensure the safe and continuous supply of energy. The digital transformation of Aramco’s business has brought significant benefits, highlighting the importance of maintaining a secure digital ecosystem.

In conclusion, the rapid digital transformation has increased our vulnerability to cyberattacks, particularly in the energy sector. Aramco’s approach to building resilience through a comprehensive defense strategy and setting cybersecurity standards for service providers is commendable. It is crucial to guide the deployment of AI with strict guidelines and controls. Aramco’s focus on continuous innovation and comprehensive cybersecurity underscores its commitment to the safe and uninterrupted supply of energy.

Michael Ruiz

The analysis highlights several significant points related to cybersecurity and supply chain disruption. First, there is widespread belief among cybersecurity experts and business leaders that geopolitical instability could trigger a major cybersecurity supply chain disruption in the next two years. This consensus reflects a concern about the vulnerability of supply chains to global political tensions.

Furthermore, the global cybersecurity community predicts an imminent cyber attack, with particular focus on the threats posed by nation-states and evolving cybercriminal organizations. Nation-states are considered more dangerous due to their significant resources, while cybercriminal organizations have evolved from operating as individuals to working together as conglomerations or consortiums of bad actors.

To address these imminent threats, there is an urgent need to protect supply chains from cybersecurity threats and to enhance cybersecurity in Operational Technology (OT) networks, which are considered less mature than their IT counterparts. It is argued that best practices from both OT and IT need to be combined, and organizations must have a comprehensive view of their security posture. This entails ensuring visibility of all assets in the OT environment and bridging this information back to IT.

With the propagation of AI technology, new challenges in cybersecurity have emerged. It is cautioned that AI technology is often adopted earliest by bad actors to overcome security barriers. Consequently, there is an increasing need to stay alert to more sophisticated attacks resulting from AI.

The analysis also emphasizes the importance of policies for AI and cybersecurity, and the significance of public-private partnerships in developing such policies. It is recognized that policy-making lags behind innovation and that partnerships between corporations, governments, and global forums are crucial for finding effective solutions.

In addition, the analysis highlights the need for a multi-layered approach to cybersecurity, involving local, regional, and global efforts. It is argued that local regulations and solutions, along with regional strategies and global solutions, should work in tandem to address the complexities of cybersecurity. Notably, recent collaboration among 40 countries to refrain from paying ransom in malware cases demonstrates the importance of aligning strategies from a local to global level.

In conclusion, the analysis underscores the need to proactively address cybersecurity challenges posed by geopolitical instability, nation-state threats, and evolving cybercriminal organizations. It highlights the importance of protecting supply chains, enhancing cybersecurity in OT networks, leveraging best practices from both OT and IT, and adopting a comprehensive security posture. The potential risks associated with the proliferation of AI technology are also emphasized, as well as the necessity of developing policies and engaging in public-private partnerships to mitigate these risks. Finally, a multi-layered approach to cybersecurity at local, regional, and global levels is advocated for comprehensive and effective solutions.

Christophe Blassiau

The analysis explores the impact of emerging technologies on critical infrastructure and cybersecurity. One perspective suggests that major transformations and mega trends in critical infrastructure have the potential to bring about both opportunities and challenges. These transformations include an increase in decentralised energy production in homes, buildings, and cars, as well as the implementation of smart technologies like buildings and factories, leading to connectivity and data intelligence. Furthermore, the sustainability agenda promotes decarbonisation, which is another significant aspect of this transformation.

On the other hand, there is concern that such major transformations and mega trends put critical infrastructure at risk. Increased connectivity and data intelligence can create a major attack surface with vulnerabilities that attackers could exploit. The systemic approach of these transformations also raises the possibility of cascading risk, where an attack on one element of the infrastructure could have a domino effect, impacting other interconnected systems.

In the realm of supply chain and operational technology cybersecurity, emerging technologies are seen as reshaping dynamics. These technologies enable more automation, sustainable initiatives, and increased operational efficiency. The integration of operational technology (OT) and informational technology (IT) within the same environment is a significant development. However, challenges arise due to increased exposure of assets, demanding operational excellence and the need for a human-centric approach. Bridging the gap in terms of skills becomes crucial in addressing these challenges effectively.

The analysis also highlights the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on various aspects. While AI has been used for data tracking, preventive maintenance, and advanced analytics, the advent of generative AI poses a major shock. The technology of generative AI was introduced without considering the potential risks, and there is a concern about the need for regulation and standardisation to ensure AI safety and security. The importance of regulatory measures to guard against impersonation, deepfake, and information manipulation is emphasised.

Collaboration in cybersecurity is deemed essential, as the current approach of assessing cybersecurity through security questionnaires is seen as inefficient. Furthermore, the analysis stresses the necessity of standards and frameworks in the field of cybersecurity. The need for a trust ecosystem in cybersecurity is also highlighted, with cybersecurity being based on the pillars of security, sovereignty, and survivability.

In terms of securing critical services during crises, efforts need to be taken to ensure that critical services can continue to operate even in times of crisis. Respecting data rights and intellectual property is deemed crucial, with the need to protect the data of every citizen and the intellectual property of every nation.

Overall, the analysis provides valuable insights into the impact of emerging technologies on critical infrastructure and cybersecurity. It underscores the importance of understanding the opportunities and challenges associated with these technologies, while also emphasising the need for regulatory measures, collaboration, and the protection of data rights and intellectual property.

Speakers