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Digital Trade for Development

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Session report
Speakers

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Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Ulrik Knudsen

Digitalization and its potential to drive inclusive outcomes are highlighted by various speakers. They argue that digital trade brings numerous benefits, such as increased trade and opportunities for countries at all levels of development and across all sectors. For instance, a 1% increase in digital connectivity can lead to a 1.5% increase in trade. Ulrik Knudsen strongly believes in the importance of digitalization for achieving inclusive outcomes.

However, there are concerns about the rising restrictions on digital trade and the absence of global regulations. Despite evidence of positive reforms, digital trade restrictions are on the rise. This underscores the need for more international cooperation. The internet is global, but regulations are not. To address this, increased interest can be seen in building regulatory bridges and common approaches on digital trade issues.

In stimulating digital trade, various areas are identified as priorities, including open markets, education, digital connectivity, and data governance. Ulrik Knudsen calls for more policy formulation and investment to reap the benefits of digital trade. While positive reforms have taken place, there is still work to be done.

On the issue of applying customs duties on electronic transmissions, Ulrik Knudsen supports the renewal of the moratorium. The collective work conducted at the OECD supports the case for renewing the moratorium, as it has a positive impact on decent work and economic growth.

One of the biggest challenges in digital transformation is the uneven distribution of its benefits. Speakers argue against giving digital transformation and globalization a bad name based on this uneven distribution. They highlight that both globalization and digital transformation have benefits that are not evenly distributed. The world economy depends on the “globalization engine” and digital transformation to increase productivity.

To address the uneven distribution of benefits, speakers suggest that getting the discussion on digital trade and development right is crucial. This can help resolve issues of uneven benefits distribution and drive positive change. Addressing the nexus between trade and digital is essential. The decisions taken now will impact the perception and acceptance of digital transformation and globalization.

In conclusion, the speakers emphasize the importance of digitalization and digital trade in driving inclusive outcomes. They highlight the benefits and opportunities it brings, but also express concerns about the rising restrictions and lack of global regulations. More international cooperation and policy formulation are needed. The uneven distribution of benefits in digital transformation and globalization is seen as a challenge, but speakers argue against giving them a bad name. Getting the discussion on digital trade and development right is crucial for addressing issues of uneven benefits distribution and ensuring positive change.

Shamika Sirimanne

Digital trade has the potential to greatly benefit developing countries, as it currently represents 55% of global services exports and has shown significant growth since 2010. This indicates a promising opportunity for these countries to participate in and benefit from the global digital economy. However, there is a significant inequality in digital trade, with developed countries accounting for 76% of global exports of digitally deliverable services, while developing countries, including major economies like China, contribute only 24%. This highlights a clear disparity in participation and benefits between different regions.

One of the reasons behind this inequality is the lack of necessary infrastructure and skills in many developing countries. Less than half of the least developed countries have access to fast 4G networks, which are crucial for efficient digital communication and trade. Additionally, digital skills are lacking, hindering the ability of individuals and businesses to fully participate in and leverage digital trade opportunities. Furthermore, many countries still lack reliable e-payment systems, which are essential for secure and efficient digital transactions. It is important to address these infrastructure and skills gaps to create a level playing field for developing countries in the digital trade arena.

Another aspect that impedes the participation of developing countries in digital trade is the presence of outdated laws and regulations. These laws are not enforced and thus fail to create an enabling environment for digital trade. Additionally, women entrepreneurs face difficulties in breaking into the digital economy due to various barriers. These include limited access to resources and networks, as well as discriminatory societal norms. It is crucial to address these barriers and create an inclusive digital economy that provides equal opportunities for women.

Evidence-based decision making is vital in shaping effective policies and strategies for digital trade. Shamika Sirimanne highlights the need for countries to be aware of their position in the spectrum of digital trade to make informed and effective decisions. By basing decisions on evidence, countries can better understand their strengths and weaknesses in digital trade and tailor their policies accordingly.

Governments play a crucial role in creating an enabling environment for digital trade. Specifically, they need to focus on investing in infrastructure development, such as fast and reliable internet connectivity, that supports digital trade. Additionally, the development of domestic payment solutions is essential to facilitate secure and efficient digital transactions. These initiatives will help bridge the gap between developed and developing countries in terms of digital trade capabilities.

To support the participation of least developed and developing countries in digital trade, it is important for development partners to increase their support. Currently, the digital sector represents a very small portion of aid commitments. By increasing investment and providing targeted assistance, development partners can contribute to the growth and inclusivity of digital trade in these countries.

Furthermore, the challenges and magnitude of the issues surrounding digital trade require integrated support from various organizations. Addressing cross-border data governance is crucial, as data is an integral part of digital trade. Countries need to be aware of the larger implications of data governance and its impact on digital trade, as it goes beyond the realms of trade and has implications on privacy, human rights, and global cooperation.

Lastly, it is important to address gender equality in the digital trade sector. While women face double the difficulties in the digital world compared to men, they also have immense opportunities in e-commerce. Mentorship programs and initiatives that support women entrepreneurs in the digital economy can help unlock their potential and contribute to a more inclusive and diverse digital trade landscape.

In conclusion, digital trade holds great promise for developing countries, but there are significant challenges and disparities that need to be addressed. By investing in infrastructure, developing digital skills, updating laws and regulations, and providing targeted support to developing countries, the potential of digital trade can be fully realized. It is crucial for countries and development partners to collaborate and take collective action to ensure that digital trade benefits all economies and contributes to sustainable and inclusive economic growth.

Ralph Ossa

Digital technologies play a significant role in providing opportunities for global markets. They contribute to increased productivity, promote innovation, and enhance resilience to shocks. By leveraging digital tools and platforms, businesses can streamline their operations, improve efficiency, and reach a wider customer base. This ultimately leads to economic growth and the creation of decent work opportunities (SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth). Additionally, digital technologies enable businesses to adapt and thrive, even in challenging circumstances, making them more resilient to shocks such as economic downturns or natural disasters.

However, it is important to note that low-income countries require support to fully benefit from digital technologies. Despite the potential for growth, the contribution of digitally delivered services exports in Africa is less than 1%, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and capacity-building initiatives to bridge the digital divide and unlock the full potential of digital trade (SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities). Similarly, least developed countries only contribute 0.2% to globally exported digitally delivered services. Therefore, efforts must be made to address the structural and technological barriers that hinder these countries from fully participating in digital markets.

The implication of the moratorium on government revenues, which refers to the suspension of taxes on digital trade, is found to be minimal. While concerns are raised about the potential loss of tax revenue, existing estimates suggest that the impact is limited. Alternatives exist for taxing digital trade in a less distortionary manner, and many countries are extending their Value Added Taxes (VATs) or Goods and Services Taxes (GSTs) to include the digital economy. Therefore, discussions around the tax implications of digital trade should focus on finding equitable solutions that balance the needs of governments and the growth potential of digital markets (SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals).

Policymaking for the digital economy requires a whole-of-government approach and global cooperation. The complexities and cross-cutting nature of digital trade issues demand collaboration across ministries and jurisdictions. By fostering a cooperative environment, countries can effectively address policy challenges, establish common frameworks, and ensure inclusive benefits from digital trade (SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals).

Regulatory frameworks are crucial for facilitating smooth and fair digital trade transactions. It is essential to ensure that there is easy entry and exit of firms in the digital market, promoting healthy competition and preventing anti-competitive behavior. Concerns about market power and anti-competitive behavior have emerged as digital trade expands. Therefore, it is important to establish and enforce regulatory measures that maintain a level playing field for all participants, while also fostering innovation and growth in the digital economy.

The World Trade Report emphasizes the need to embrace international trade, specifically digital trade, to promote security, inclusiveness, and sustainability. During the COVID-19 pandemic, digital trade acted as a lifeline for many, enabling them to continue working, producing, consuming, and trading. By embracing digital trade, countries can enhance security, as it reduces reliance on traditional supply chains and enables diversification. Furthermore, digital trade presents opportunities for inclusiveness by allowing businesses from diverse backgrounds and regions, such as Africa, to engage in e-commerce. Africa, with its young population and suitable time zones for many services, has immense potential in harnessing digital trade for economic growth and reducing inequalities.

Embracing digital trade also has significant environmental benefits, as it reduces transport emissions and enables more efficient organization of production, consumption, and trade. By leveraging digital technologies, businesses can reduce the cost of trading, providing particular benefits for women-run businesses in regions like Africa. Consequently, digital trade aligns with the goals of responsible consumption and production (SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production) and climate action (SDG 13: Climate Action).

Ralph Ossa, a prominent expert in the field, emphasizes the need for a cooperative approach to addressing the challenges of digital trade. While trade liberalization alone is not sufficient, collective efforts, skill upgrading, and improved infrastructures are crucial for fully reaping the benefits of digital trade. Ossa applauds the initiative that aims to reduce trade costs, promote skills upgrading, and increase digitally delivered services. He acknowledges measurement issues and uncertainties regarding the tax implications of the moratorium but advocates for further discussions and follow-up on the issue in a cooperative manner (SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals).

In conclusion, digital technologies provide immense opportunities for global markets, as they enhance productivity, promote innovation, and improve resilience to shocks. However, support is needed for low-income countries to bridge the digital divide. The implications of the moratorium on government revenues are minimal, and alternative taxation mechanisms exist. Policymaking for the digital economy requires a whole-of-government approach and global cooperation. Regulatory frameworks are essential for smooth digital trade transactions. Embracing international digital trade can promote security, inclusiveness, and sustainability. Africa, with its young population and suitable time zones, has significant potential for digital trade. Embracing digital trade also offers environmental benefits, reducing transport emissions and enabling more efficient production and consumption. A cooperative approach is needed, alongside skill upgrading and infrastructure development. Ralph Ossa advocates for collective work, infrastructure development, and skills enhancement, while also calling for further discussions and follow-up on the issue.

Audience

The analysis provides a comprehensive overview of various topics related to digital trade and taxation, with a particular focus on their impact on developing countries and gender equality. It covers a range of arguments, evidence, and perspectives to shed light on the complexities and implications of these issues.

One of the main arguments highlighted in the analysis is the negative effect of current digital trade rules on governmental regulation. The analysis suggests that these rules may hinder the ability of governments to effectively regulate technologies due to restrictions such as the banning of source code revelation, which can inhibit the regulation of artificial intelligence. This argument points to the need for a careful balance between facilitating digital trade and ensuring effective governance.

In addition, the analysis raises concerns about the disproportionate negative impact of non-discriminatory taxation on women in the context of digital trade. It highlights that VAT (Value Added Tax) has disproportionately negative effects on women due to their consumption patterns and lower income. This argument emphasizes the importance of considering gender-specific impacts when formulating digital trade taxation policies to promote greater equality.

The role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in advancing the conversation on business and human rights is another important point discussed. Although no specific evidence or arguments are provided regarding this topic, the mention of the WTO suggests that it plays a significant role in shaping the discourse around the intersection of business activities, trade, and human rights.

The analysis also touches upon the transformative potential of emerging technologies such as 3D printing and automated manufacturing in reshaping digital trade. It highlights that these changing technologies enable more manufacturing and services to be done remotely, demonstrating the evolving nature of digital trade and its relationship to technological advancements.

Furthermore, the analysis emphasizes the importance of cross-border data governance and its relevance to global issues such as climate change. It suggests that cross-border data governance is not just a trade issue but also a development issue, as exemplified by the crucial role data sharing played during the COVID-19 pandemic for vaccine development. This argument highlights the need for effective mechanisms for data sharing to tackle global challenges and facilitate cooperation.

Overall, the analysis argues for the need to implement more advantageous policies for developing countries in the context of digital trade and taxation. It recognizes the enormous opportunities for women in the digital world, such as conducting business from home while fulfilling caring duties. However, it also acknowledges the double difficulties faced by women due to the challenges posed by the digital world. These arguments underscore the need for inclusive and gender-responsive approaches to digital trade and taxation.

In conclusion, the analysis provides a nuanced understanding of the various aspects related to digital trade and taxation, ranging from their impact on governmental regulation and gender equality to the role of the WTO and the transformative potential of emerging technologies. It highlights the need for careful consideration and the formulation of policies that address the specific needs and challenges faced by developing countries and women in the digital realm. The analysis underscores the importance of data governance and cooperation to tackle global issues and ensure a fair and equitable digital trade landscape.

Mona Haddad

The World Bank plays a crucial role in supporting developing countries in boosting digital trade. It achieves this through its strong presence at the country level, providing financing and financing instruments, and offering policy advice. The World Bank adopts a comprehensive approach towards digital trade, which includes focusing on improving digital connectivity in these countries.

Improving digital connectivity is essential for enabling digital trade. Many low- and low-middle-income countries are currently lagging behind in terms of digital connectivity. For instance, in Africa, out of 35 countries, only 39 have connection speeds lower than 10 megabits per second. To address this issue, the World Bank has launched the Digital Economy for Africa (DE4A) program, aiming to improve digital connectivity and infrastructure on the continent.

Additionally, it is not enough for developing countries to have access to digital connectivity; they need to adopt and make productive use of digital technology. While 84% of people in sub-Saharan Africa have access to 3G and 4G mobile connectivity, only 22% actually make productive use of the Internet. Similar situations persist in many other developing countries. Therefore, adopting and using digital technology for productive purposes is crucial for enhancing digital trade.

In order for digital trade to thrive, creating an enabling environment is necessary. This includes ensuring affordability, digital literacy, and supportive regulations and institutions. Affordability, especially for businesses, is a major concern. The World Bank is involved in various projects aimed at facilitating digital trade by addressing these concerns. For example, there is a major project in Eastern Africa focused on regional digital connectivity and another project in the Philippines aimed at fostering digital technology.

The World Bank’s efforts in promoting digital trade have shown positive results. Digital trade is rising as a share of exports in lower-income countries, indicating its growing importance in their economies. Furthermore, there is a notable trend in some African countries, where they are leapfrogging from agriculture to services instead of going through traditional manufacturing. This leapfrogging is attributed to various obstacles such as transport, logistics, and infrastructure problems. The World Bank’s support and investment in digital trade can enhance this transition.

However, there are challenges that must be addressed for digital trade to thrive. The regulatory environment needs to be adapted to the unique characteristics of digital businesses. Analogue regulations and policies are no longer fit for this new type of business model. Digital businesses require regulations that recognise e-invoices, e-contracts, e-signatures, e-payments, and e-transactions. Additionally, regulations that deal with possible market dominance by new digital business entrants need to be put in place. Financing considerations also need to be rethought due to the lower collateral and higher risk associated with digital businesses.

While trade offers opportunities for development in developing countries, it is important to acknowledge that the world today has concerns apart from trade liberalisation. Issues such as climate change, human rights, and national security also need to be prioritised and addressed.

In conclusion, the World Bank’s support and investments can significantly contribute to boosting digital trade in developing countries. By focusing on improving digital connectivity, fostering the adoption and productive use of digital technology, and creating an enabling environment, the World Bank can help these countries realise the benefits of digital trade. However, it is crucial to adapt the regulatory environment and address challenges faced by digital businesses. Additionally, it is important to recognise and address other important global concerns alongside trade liberalisation.

Usha Canabady

The future of trade is moving towards a digital landscape, driven by services, green practices, and inclusivity. Global exports of digitally delivered services have tripled since 2005, reaching a value of $3.82 trillion in 2022. This growth is fueled by the digital transformation, which promotes economic growth and employment, while also bringing marginalized communities into the global marketplace.

However, to fully benefit from digital trade, it is important to improve infrastructure, develop skills, and establish supportive policy frameworks. Enhancing digital infrastructure regulations could reduce trade costs in Africa by 20% for goods and 30% for business and professional services.

It is crucial to maintain the WTO’s moratorium against customs duties on electronic transmissions to support the growth of digital trade. The exemption of customs duties on electronic transmissions has facilitated its rapid expansion and innovation.

A forthcoming joint report will provide insights into the current state of digital trade and how policymakers can further strengthen its impact on growth and development.

In summary, the future of trade is digital, with services, green practices, and inclusivity driving its growth. The expansion of digitally delivered services has created economic growth and employment opportunities. However, investment in infrastructure, skills development, and supportive policy frameworks are necessary for fully harnessing the potential of digital trade. Maintaining the moratorium against customs duties on electronic transmissions is essential. The upcoming joint report will offer valuable insights for policymakers.

Michele Ruta

The analysis delves into several topics related to tax policy, digital goods, and digital currencies. One key aspect discussed is the need for tax policies to adapt to the evolving landscape of online commerce. In the past, when physical goods were involved, tariffs could be imposed by customs officials. However, with the shift towards digital goods, a new system is needed to regulate and tax these transactions.

The argument presented in favour of broad-based non-discriminatory taxes, such as value-added taxes (VATs), over tariffs for digital goods, is supported by several reasons. Firstly, tariffs can distort consumption decisions, while VATs are considered to be non-distortionary in nature. Secondly, there is more experience and learning in collecting VATs for digital goods compared to tariffs. Lastly, VATs tend to provide higher revenue collection abilities compared to tariffs.

Another related argument is the use of a moratorium as a commitment device to encourage countries to focus on implementing efficient tax reforms. The idea is that by granting a temporary suspension on specific tax policies, countries can evaluate and steer their reforms towards more efficient and effective systems.

Capacity development and technical assistance are highlighted as crucial elements for assisting developing countries in adopting efficient taxation models. The analysis emphasizes the need to invest in development and technical assistance to support developing countries in their efforts to reform towards more efficient taxation systems.

The significance of digital currencies in international trade is also discussed. Digital currencies are portrayed as the backbone of international trade, capable of improving cross-border payments and filling gaps in trade finance. However, it is noted that their widespread implementation necessitates substantial investment in infrastructure and the establishment of new regulations requiring regulatory cooperation.

While digital currencies offer numerous potential benefits, it is cautioned that their adoption might exacerbate the digital divide in areas lacking adequate internet access and infrastructure. Countries and communities with limited access could be negatively affected by the emphasis on digital currencies, widening the existing inequality.

The analysis suggests that further research is required to fully comprehend the potential benefits and challenges associated with digital currencies. Currently, the understanding of their implications remains incomplete.

In opposition to discriminatory taxes, Michele Ruta argues for efficiency in tax policies, emphasizing that discriminatory taxes are not in the best interest of everyone, including developing countries. The focus should be on implementing efficient tax practices that benefit all.

The negative impact of tariffs on inclusion, particularly for women, is also discussed. A report by the World Bank and the World Trade Organization (WTO) suggests that tariffs do not promote women’s inclusion. Michele Ruta further supports this by stating that while different types of taxes may have varying effects on inclusion, tariffs are not the solution.

To conclude, the analysis highlights the need for tax policies to adapt to the digital age and emphasizes the advantages of broad-based non-discriminatory taxes over tariffs for digital goods. It recommends the use of a moratorium as a commitment device to steer countries towards efficient tax reforms. The importance of capacity development and technical assistance for developing countries to reform their taxation models is also stressed. Furthermore, the significance of digital currencies in international trade is discussed, advocating for investment in infrastructure and regulatory cooperation. However, it is cautioned that the adoption of digital currencies should not further widen the digital divide. Research is still required to fully understand the implications of digital currencies. Finally, arguments against discriminatory taxes and the negative impact of tariffs on inclusion are also presented.

Moderator

The future of trade is set to be digital, inclusive, green, and services-oriented, according to various perspectives discussed. One key point is that global exports of services delivered via computer networks have more than tripled since 2005, indicating the increasing prominence of digital trade. In fact, trade in digitally delivered services was worth $3.82 trillion in 2022, which is equivalent to 12% of all trade in goods and services. This growth in digital trade is seen as positive as it creates new opportunities for international market connection and export-led growth.

However, it is noted that low-income countries face challenges in harnessing digitalisation for inclusive trade and growth. Least Developed Countries (LDCs) contribute only 0.2% to globally exported digitally delivered services, and this number has even decreased since 2010. The barriers to digital trade in developing countries include inadequate infrastructure, lack of high-speed internet, unaffordability, lack of necessary skills, unreliable e-payment systems for cross-border transactions, and outdated or unenforced laws on data protection, privacy, and consumer protection.

Bridging the digital divide and creating a conducive regulatory environment require international cooperation. It is highlighted that 66% of the world population is estimated to be able to connect to the internet, leaving 2.7 billion people offline, many of them in low or lower-middle-income countries. There is a need for international cooperation to manage the global nature of the internet and ensure that the benefits from digital trade are inclusive. The importance of a whole-of-government approach to policymaking for the digital economy is also emphasised.

The World Bank is recognized as being well positioned to support developing countries in boosting digital trade. With its strong country-level presence and engagement, financing instruments, and policy advice, the World Bank can provide comprehensive support to developing countries in overcoming the challenges they face in digital trade.

Furthermore, it is noted that digital trade can contribute to sustainability efforts. Digital technologies cause fewer transport emissions than traditional trade, and they have the potential to improve the efficiency of production, consumption, and trade. This highlights the potential for digital trade to align with sustainable development goals.

Overall, while digital trade presents opportunities for inclusive, sustainable, and services-oriented growth, there are challenges and barriers that need to be addressed. International cooperation, infrastructure development, digital literacy, and a conducive regulatory environment are crucial in ensuring the benefits of digital trade are realized by all. Continued engagement, discussion, and support from organizations are necessary to further advance digital trade and assist developing countries in benefiting from digitalisation.

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One of the main arguments highlighted in the analysis is the negative effect of current digital trade rules on governmental regulation.

The analysis suggests that these rules may hinder the ability of governments to effectively regulate technologies due to restrictions such as the banning of source code revelation, which can inhibit the regulation of artificial intelligence. This argument points to the need for a careful balance between facilitating digital trade and ensuring effective governance.

In addition, the analysis raises concerns about the disproportionate negative impact of non-discriminatory taxation on women in the context of digital trade.

It highlights that VAT (Value Added Tax) has disproportionately negative effects on women due to their consumption patterns and lower income. This argument emphasizes the importance of considering gender-specific impacts when formulating digital trade taxation policies to promote greater equality.

The role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in advancing the conversation on business and human rights is another important point discussed.

Although no specific evidence or arguments are provided regarding this topic, the mention of the WTO suggests that it plays a significant role in shaping the discourse around the intersection of business activities, trade, and human rights.

The analysis also touches upon the transformative potential of emerging technologies such as 3D printing and automated manufacturing in reshaping digital trade.

It highlights that these changing technologies enable more manufacturing and services to be done remotely, demonstrating the evolving nature of digital trade and its relationship to technological advancements.

Furthermore, the analysis emphasizes the importance of cross-border data governance and its relevance to global issues such as climate change.

It suggests that cross-border data governance is not just a trade issue but also a development issue, as exemplified by the crucial role data sharing played during the COVID-19 pandemic for vaccine development. This argument highlights the need for effective mechanisms for data sharing to tackle global challenges and facilitate cooperation.

Overall, the analysis argues for the need to implement more advantageous policies for developing countries in the context of digital trade and taxation.

It recognizes the enormous opportunities for women in the digital world, such as conducting business from home while fulfilling caring duties. However, it also acknowledges the double difficulties faced by women due to the challenges posed by the digital world.

These arguments underscore the need for inclusive and gender-responsive approaches to digital trade and taxation.

It highlights the need for careful consideration and the formulation of policies that address the specific needs and challenges faced by developing countries and women in the digital realm. The analysis underscores the importance of data governance and cooperation to tackle global issues and ensure a fair and equitable digital trade landscape.

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However, with the shift towards digital goods, a new system is needed to regulate and tax these transactions.

The argument presented in favour of broad-based non-discriminatory taxes, such as value-added taxes (VATs), over tariffs for digital goods, is supported by several reasons.

Firstly, tariffs can distort consumption decisions, while VATs are considered to be non-distortionary in nature. Secondly, there is more experience and learning in collecting VATs for digital goods compared to tariffs. Lastly, VATs tend to provide higher revenue collection abilities compared to tariffs.

Another related argument is the use of a moratorium as a commitment device to encourage countries to focus on implementing efficient tax reforms.

The idea is that by granting a temporary suspension on specific tax policies, countries can evaluate and steer their reforms towards more efficient and effective systems.

Capacity development and technical assistance are highlighted as crucial elements for assisting developing countries in adopting efficient taxation models.

The analysis emphasizes the need to invest in development and technical assistance to support developing countries in their efforts to reform towards more efficient taxation systems.

However, it is noted that their widespread implementation necessitates substantial investment in infrastructure and the establishment of new regulations requiring regulatory cooperation.

While digital currencies offer numerous potential benefits, it is cautioned that their adoption might exacerbate the digital divide in areas lacking adequate internet access and infrastructure.

Countries and communities with limited access could be negatively affected by the emphasis on digital currencies, widening the existing inequality.

The analysis suggests that further research is required to fully comprehend the potential benefits and challenges associated with digital currencies.

Currently, the understanding of their implications remains incomplete.

The negative impact of tariffs on inclusion, particularly for women, is also discussed.

A report by the World Bank and the World Trade Organization (WTO) suggests that tariffs do not promote women’s inclusion. Michele Ruta further supports this by stating that while different types of taxes may have varying effects on inclusion, tariffs are not the solution.

To conclude, the analysis highlights the need for tax policies to adapt to the digital age and emphasizes the advantages of broad-based non-discriminatory taxes over tariffs for digital goods.

It recommends the use of a moratorium as a commitment device to steer countries towards efficient tax reforms. The importance of capacity development and technical assistance for developing countries to reform their taxation models is also stressed. Furthermore, the significance of digital currencies in international trade is discussed, advocating for investment in infrastructure and regulatory cooperation.

However, it is cautioned that the adoption of digital currencies should not further widen the digital divide. Research is still required to fully understand the implications of digital currencies. Finally, arguments against discriminatory taxes and the negative impact of tariffs on inclusion are also presented.

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In fact, trade in digitally delivered services was worth $3.82 trillion in 2022, which is equivalent to 12% of all trade in goods and services. This growth in digital trade is seen as positive as it creates new opportunities for international market connection and export-led growth.

However, it is noted that low-income countries face challenges in harnessing digitalisation for inclusive trade and growth.

Least Developed Countries (LDCs) contribute only 0.2% to globally exported digitally delivered services, and this number has even decreased since 2010. The barriers to digital trade in developing countries include inadequate infrastructure, lack of high-speed internet, unaffordability, lack of necessary skills, unreliable e-payment systems for cross-border transactions, and outdated or unenforced laws on data protection, privacy, and consumer protection.

Bridging the digital divide and creating a conducive regulatory environment require international cooperation.

It is highlighted that 66% of the world population is estimated to be able to connect to the internet, leaving 2.7 billion people offline, many of them in low or lower-middle-income countries. There is a need for international cooperation to manage the global nature of the internet and ensure that the benefits from digital trade are inclusive.

The importance of a whole-of-government approach to policymaking for the digital economy is also emphasised.

Furthermore, it is noted that digital trade can contribute to sustainability efforts.

Digital technologies cause fewer transport emissions than traditional trade, and they have the potential to improve the efficiency of production, consumption, and trade. This highlights the potential for digital trade to align with sustainable development goals.

Overall, while digital trade presents opportunities for inclusive, sustainable, and services-oriented growth, there are challenges and barriers that need to be addressed.

International cooperation, infrastructure development, digital literacy, and a conducive regulatory environment are crucial in ensuring the benefits of digital trade are realized by all. Continued engagement, discussion, and support from organizations are necessary to further advance digital trade and assist developing countries in benefiting from digitalisation.

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Improving digital connectivity is essential for enabling digital trade.

Many low- and low-middle-income countries are currently lagging behind in terms of digital connectivity. For instance, in Africa, out of 35 countries, only 39 have connection speeds lower than 10 megabits per second. To address this issue, the World Bank has launched the Digital Economy for Africa (DE4A) program, aiming to improve digital connectivity and infrastructure on the continent.

Additionally, it is not enough for developing countries to have access to digital connectivity; they need to adopt and make productive use of digital technology.

While 84% of people in sub-Saharan Africa have access to 3G and 4G mobile connectivity, only 22% actually make productive use of the Internet. Similar situations persist in many other developing countries. Therefore, adopting and using digital technology for productive purposes is crucial for enhancing digital trade.

In order for digital trade to thrive, creating an enabling environment is necessary.

This includes ensuring affordability, digital literacy, and supportive regulations and institutions. Affordability, especially for businesses, is a major concern. The World Bank is involved in various projects aimed at facilitating digital trade by addressing these concerns. For example, there is a major project in Eastern Africa focused on regional digital connectivity and another project in the Philippines aimed at fostering digital technology.

The World Bank’s efforts in promoting digital trade have shown positive results.

Digital trade is rising as a share of exports in lower-income countries, indicating its growing importance in their economies. Furthermore, there is a notable trend in some African countries, where they are leapfrogging from agriculture to services instead of going through traditional manufacturing.

This leapfrogging is attributed to various obstacles such as transport, logistics, and infrastructure problems. The World Bank’s support and investment in digital trade can enhance this transition.

However, there are challenges that must be addressed for digital trade to thrive.

The regulatory environment needs to be adapted to the unique characteristics of digital businesses. Analogue regulations and policies are no longer fit for this new type of business model. Digital businesses require regulations that recognise e-invoices, e-contracts, e-signatures, e-payments, and e-transactions.

Additionally, regulations that deal with possible market dominance by new digital business entrants need to be put in place. Financing considerations also need to be rethought due to the lower collateral and higher risk associated with digital businesses.

While trade offers opportunities for development in developing countries, it is important to acknowledge that the world today has concerns apart from trade liberalisation.

Issues such as climate change, human rights, and national security also need to be prioritised and addressed.

However, it is crucial to adapt the regulatory environment and address challenges faced by digital businesses. Additionally, it is important to recognise and address other important global concerns alongside trade liberalisation.

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This ultimately leads to economic growth and the creation of decent work opportunities (SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth). Additionally, digital technologies enable businesses to adapt and thrive, even in challenging circumstances, making them more resilient to shocks such as economic downturns or natural disasters.

However, it is important to note that low-income countries require support to fully benefit from digital technologies.

Despite the potential for growth, the contribution of digitally delivered services exports in Africa is less than 1%, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and capacity-building initiatives to bridge the digital divide and unlock the full potential of digital trade (SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities).

Similarly, least developed countries only contribute 0.2% to globally exported digitally delivered services. Therefore, efforts must be made to address the structural and technological barriers that hinder these countries from fully participating in digital markets.

The implication of the moratorium on government revenues, which refers to the suspension of taxes on digital trade, is found to be minimal.

While concerns are raised about the potential loss of tax revenue, existing estimates suggest that the impact is limited. Alternatives exist for taxing digital trade in a less distortionary manner, and many countries are extending their Value Added Taxes (VATs) or Goods and Services Taxes (GSTs) to include the digital economy.

Therefore, discussions around the tax implications of digital trade should focus on finding equitable solutions that balance the needs of governments and the growth potential of digital markets (SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals).

Policymaking for the digital economy requires a whole-of-government approach and global cooperation.

The complexities and cross-cutting nature of digital trade issues demand collaboration across ministries and jurisdictions. By fostering a cooperative environment, countries can effectively address policy challenges, establish common frameworks, and ensure inclusive benefits from digital trade (SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals).

Regulatory frameworks are crucial for facilitating smooth and fair digital trade transactions.

It is essential to ensure that there is easy entry and exit of firms in the digital market, promoting healthy competition and preventing anti-competitive behavior. Concerns about market power and anti-competitive behavior have emerged as digital trade expands. Therefore, it is important to establish and enforce regulatory measures that maintain a level playing field for all participants, while also fostering innovation and growth in the digital economy.

The World Trade Report emphasizes the need to embrace international trade, specifically digital trade, to promote security, inclusiveness, and sustainability.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, digital trade acted as a lifeline for many, enabling them to continue working, producing, consuming, and trading. By embracing digital trade, countries can enhance security, as it reduces reliance on traditional supply chains and enables diversification.

Furthermore, digital trade presents opportunities for inclusiveness by allowing businesses from diverse backgrounds and regions, such as Africa, to engage in e-commerce. Africa, with its young population and suitable time zones for many services, has immense potential in harnessing digital trade for economic growth and reducing inequalities.

Embracing digital trade also has significant environmental benefits, as it reduces transport emissions and enables more efficient organization of production, consumption, and trade.

By leveraging digital technologies, businesses can reduce the cost of trading, providing particular benefits for women-run businesses in regions like Africa. Consequently, digital trade aligns with the goals of responsible consumption and production (SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production) and climate action (SDG 13: Climate Action).

Ralph Ossa, a prominent expert in the field, emphasizes the need for a cooperative approach to addressing the challenges of digital trade.

While trade liberalization alone is not sufficient, collective efforts, skill upgrading, and improved infrastructures are crucial for fully reaping the benefits of digital trade. Ossa applauds the initiative that aims to reduce trade costs, promote skills upgrading, and increase digitally delivered services.

He acknowledges measurement issues and uncertainties regarding the tax implications of the moratorium but advocates for further discussions and follow-up on the issue in a cooperative manner (SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals).

In conclusion, digital technologies provide immense opportunities for global markets, as they enhance productivity, promote innovation, and improve resilience to shocks.

However, support is needed for low-income countries to bridge the digital divide. The implications of the moratorium on government revenues are minimal, and alternative taxation mechanisms exist. Policymaking for the digital economy requires a whole-of-government approach and global cooperation. Regulatory frameworks are essential for smooth digital trade transactions.

Embracing international digital trade can promote security, inclusiveness, and sustainability. Africa, with its young population and suitable time zones, has significant potential for digital trade. Embracing digital trade also offers environmental benefits, reducing transport emissions and enabling more efficient production and consumption.

A cooperative approach is needed, alongside skill upgrading and infrastructure development. Ralph Ossa advocates for collective work, infrastructure development, and skills enhancement, while also calling for further discussions and follow-up on the issue.

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However, there is a significant inequality in digital trade, with developed countries accounting for 76% of global exports of digitally deliverable services, while developing countries, including major economies like China, contribute only 24%. This highlights a clear disparity in participation and benefits between different regions.

One of the reasons behind this inequality is the lack of necessary infrastructure and skills in many developing countries.

Less than half of the least developed countries have access to fast 4G networks, which are crucial for efficient digital communication and trade. Additionally, digital skills are lacking, hindering the ability of individuals and businesses to fully participate in and leverage digital trade opportunities.

Furthermore, many countries still lack reliable e-payment systems, which are essential for secure and efficient digital transactions. It is important to address these infrastructure and skills gaps to create a level playing field for developing countries in the digital trade arena.

Another aspect that impedes the participation of developing countries in digital trade is the presence of outdated laws and regulations.

These laws are not enforced and thus fail to create an enabling environment for digital trade. Additionally, women entrepreneurs face difficulties in breaking into the digital economy due to various barriers. These include limited access to resources and networks, as well as discriminatory societal norms.

It is crucial to address these barriers and create an inclusive digital economy that provides equal opportunities for women.

By basing decisions on evidence, countries can better understand their strengths and weaknesses in digital trade and tailor their policies accordingly.

Additionally, the development of domestic payment solutions is essential to facilitate secure and efficient digital transactions. These initiatives will help bridge the gap between developed and developing countries in terms of digital trade capabilities.

To support the participation of least developed and developing countries in digital trade, it is important for development partners to increase their support.

Currently, the digital sector represents a very small portion of aid commitments. By increasing investment and providing targeted assistance, development partners can contribute to the growth and inclusivity of digital trade in these countries.

Furthermore, the challenges and magnitude of the issues surrounding digital trade require integrated support from various organizations.

Addressing cross-border data governance is crucial, as data is an integral part of digital trade. Countries need to be aware of the larger implications of data governance and its impact on digital trade, as it goes beyond the realms of trade and has implications on privacy, human rights, and global cooperation.

Lastly, it is important to address gender equality in the digital trade sector.

While women face double the difficulties in the digital world compared to men, they also have immense opportunities in e-commerce. Mentorship programs and initiatives that support women entrepreneurs in the digital economy can help unlock their potential and contribute to a more inclusive and diverse digital trade landscape.

In conclusion, digital trade holds great promise for developing countries, but there are significant challenges and disparities that need to be addressed.

By investing in infrastructure, developing digital skills, updating laws and regulations, and providing targeted support to developing countries, the potential of digital trade can be fully realized. It is crucial for countries and development partners to collaborate and take collective action to ensure that digital trade benefits all economies and contributes to sustainable and inclusive economic growth.

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Ulrik Knudsen strongly believes in the importance of digitalization for achieving inclusive outcomes.

However, there are concerns about the rising restrictions on digital trade and the absence of global regulations. Despite evidence of positive reforms, digital trade restrictions are on the rise.

This underscores the need for more international cooperation. The internet is global, but regulations are not. To address this, increased interest can be seen in building regulatory bridges and common approaches on digital trade issues.

In stimulating digital trade, various areas are identified as priorities, including open markets, education, digital connectivity, and data governance.

Ulrik Knudsen calls for more policy formulation and investment to reap the benefits of digital trade. While positive reforms have taken place, there is still work to be done.

On the issue of applying customs duties on electronic transmissions, Ulrik Knudsen supports the renewal of the moratorium.

The collective work conducted at the OECD supports the case for renewing the moratorium, as it has a positive impact on decent work and economic growth.

One of the biggest challenges in digital transformation is the uneven distribution of its benefits.

Speakers argue against giving digital transformation and globalization a bad name based on this uneven distribution. They highlight that both globalization and digital transformation have benefits that are not evenly distributed. The world economy depends on the “globalization engine” and digital transformation to increase productivity.

To address the uneven distribution of benefits, speakers suggest that getting the discussion on digital trade and development right is crucial.

This can help resolve issues of uneven benefits distribution and drive positive change. Addressing the nexus between trade and digital is essential. The decisions taken now will impact the perception and acceptance of digital transformation and globalization.

In conclusion, the speakers emphasize the importance of digitalization and digital trade in driving inclusive outcomes.

They highlight the benefits and opportunities it brings, but also express concerns about the rising restrictions and lack of global regulations. More international cooperation and policy formulation are needed. The uneven distribution of benefits in digital transformation and globalization is seen as a challenge, but speakers argue against giving them a bad name.

Getting the discussion on digital trade and development right is crucial for addressing issues of uneven benefits distribution and ensuring positive change.

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Yasar Jarrar

The potential of technology in the supply chain is generating excitement among participants, as seen in their positive sentiment. For example, Dubai Chamber and Dubai Customs have implemented a virtual freight and logistics quarter, resulting in a significant improvement of approximately 50% in costs and efficiency. This highlights the positive impact of technology on the supply chain industry.

However, some participants believe that the actual implementation of trade tech is still in its early stages, leading to a negative sentiment. This is mainly due to the fragmentation in regulation and understanding of data. There is a clear need for universal standards for supply chain emissions as the existing regulations date back to the 19th century. The rapid progress of technology has outpaced the understanding and updating of regulations, which urgently needs to be addressed. Consequently, there is a negative sentiment towards the slow implementation of effective and universal standards by regulatory bodies and governments.

Participants also anticipate a fragmentation of trade routes, with a neutral sentiment towards the prediction of pockets of excellence in certain trade routes. This implies that some trade routes may be more technologically advanced than others. The successful implementation of trade tech requires cross-border and global connectivity. However, the challenge lies in determining the appropriate platform and governance for these cross-border discussions. The UAE exemplifies a unique approach through the establishment of a cross-border sandbox, allowing for the adaptation and testing of robust regulations. This demonstrates the agility and speed of the UAE in embracing technology and innovation.

The importance of harnessing technology’s potential across various sectors, such as trade, healthcare, and education, is emphasized. It is argued that technology can play a crucial role in driving progress and achieving the related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Addressing the technology skill gap is deemed urgent for the successful implementation of sustainable technologies. For instance, U.S. Steel estimates that it would take approximately 30 years to retrain their staff for the decarbonization of some steel products. Bridging this gap requires concerted efforts to ensure the effective adoption of sustainable technologies.

The significance of scale and the need for reality checks in scaling sustainable technologies are positively emphasized. Participants agree with the notion that scaling sustainable technologies requires careful consideration of real-world limitations. This implies the need for practical and realistic approaches to achieve scale in the adoption of sustainable technologies.

Governments are viewed as key actors in closing the gap between technology disruption and regulation, and there is a positive sentiment towards the idea that governments can drive change through incentives and targets. However, punitive measures are not seen as the most effective approach. Instead, the benefits of adopting sustainable technologies should outweigh any negative consequences.

The inadequate enforcement of regulations is negatively perceived. It is recognized that past targets have often been missed, highlighting the need for stronger enforcement to ensure compliance.

The main challenge in implementing technology in the supply chain lies in surrounding aspects rather than the technology itself. This emphasizes the importance of addressing related issues such as regulation, governance, and skill development to fully harness the potential of technology in the supply chain industry.

There is a positive sentiment towards viewing the additional cost of sustainable options as an insurance against a degrading future. This suggests a shift in perspective, recognizing the long-term benefits and value of investing in sustainable practices.

Government procurement is identified as a significant driver in accelerating the transition towards green practices. With government procurement accounting for a substantial portion of global GDP, it can have a transformative impact on promoting sustainable practices across various industries.

The need for a public-private regulatory global body is positively mentioned. It is argued that the private sector is often more advanced in terms of knowledge and implementation of technology compared to governments. Therefore, involving the private sector in global meetings and discussions is crucial to ensure effective and up-to-date regulation.

In summary, the potential of technology in the supply chain generates excitement among participants. Challenges related to regulation, governance, skill development, and enforcement need to be addressed for successful implementation. The importance of cross-border discussions, universal standards, and regulatory bodies keeping up with technological advancements is emphasized. Additionally, the role of governments, bridging the technology skill gap, and the significance of public-private cooperation are highlighted. The sentiment is generally positive, recognizing the transformative power of technology in promoting sustainable practices in trade, healthcare, and education.

Angel Donev

MERSC, a global supply chain company, is fully committed to making global supply chains greener by leveraging technology. One of their key goals is to become carbon neutral by 2040, and they have already taken significant steps toward achieving this target. For instance, they have recently launched their first vessel that runs on green methanol, a sustainable fuel alternative. This initiative is a clear indicator of MERSC’s dedication to reducing carbon emissions in the shipping industry.

To monitor and optimize fuel consumption, MERSC’s ships are equipped with approximately 7,000 Internet of Things (IoT) sensors. These sensors provide real-time data on fuel usage, allowing for immediate adjustments and improvements in efficiency. Additionally, MERSC operates an advanced operations centre that utilises analytics to monitor sea conditions and optimise shipping routes. By leveraging technology in this way, MERSC is able to reduce fuel consumption, limit carbon emissions, and minimise the environmental impact of their operations.

In addition to their focus on greening supply chains through technology, MERSC also recognises the need for efficiency in land logistics. They aim to optimise container transport through the use of technology, as there is currently significant inefficiency in this area with excessive empty miles performed by truckers. By implementing technological solutions, such as improved container swapping between customers, MERSC seeks to streamline land logistics and reduce waste.

However, MERSC acknowledges that the barriers to scaling technology in supply chains are not purely technical. Rather, they believe that change management is a significant challenge that needs to be addressed. While technology may be readily available, navigating and implementing changes on a large scale can be hindered by various factors such as legislation and on-ground execution. MERSC emphasises the importance of change management in order to fully leverage the potential of technology in supply chains.

Furthermore, MERSC recognises that well-defined standards and flexible implementation are crucial for managing change and successfully scaling technology. By establishing clear guidelines and allowing for adaptable practices, the adoption and integration of technology can be made smoother and more effective.

MERSC also believes that incremental connection to a global network can create additional benefits and incentives. As more individuals and businesses join the network, the advantages and opportunities multiply, generating motivation for others to connect and engage. By encouraging incremental connections, MERSC aims to expand the benefits of a global network and stimulate further technological advancements.

In terms of consumers’ preferences, MERSC has observed that there is a willingness to pay more for greener options. This is evidenced by the fact that 2% of all cargo carried by MERSC is already pre-paid on alternative fuel sources. Furthermore, companies like Apple have actively embraced carbon neutrality, showing that sustainability and responsible consumption are becoming increasingly important factors for both businesses and consumers.

MERSC also believes that penalties and carbon taxes have a role to play in driving change towards greener supply chains. The International Maritime Organization has committed to improving sustainability in the shipping industry, and studies conducted by the Boston Consulting Group indicate that the introduction of carbon taxes can lead to an uplift in the cost of living. By implementing penalties and carbon taxes, a balance can be struck that encourages companies to adopt sustainable practices and contribute to a greener future.

In conclusion, MERSC is deeply committed to making global supply chains greener by leveraging technology. They have set ambitious targets and are already implementing sustainable solutions, such as green methanol-powered vessels and IoT sensors to monitor and optimise fuel consumption. However, MERSC acknowledges that change management issues, such as legislation and on-ground execution, can impede the widespread adoption of technology. To successfully scale technology and drive change, well-defined standards, flexible implementation, and incremental connections are key. Additionally, the willingness of consumers and businesses to pay more for greener options, coupled with the implementation of penalties and carbon taxes, can further incentivise the transition towards greener supply chains. Overall, MERSC’s approach demonstrates a forward-thinking stance in aligning supply chains with sustainability goals.

Shamika Sirimanne

The analysis of the speakers’ statements reveals several key points regarding the use of technology in trade and its impact on developing countries. Firstly, it is highlighted that the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has been actively working in developing countries for 40 years, introducing digital platforms and customs automation. This has resulted in improved efficiency, reduced bureaucracy, and cost savings in the clearance of goods. Notably, small traders, especially women entrepreneurs, benefit from this automation, as it reduces the hassle they face.

Automation also brings about positive environmental changes. By minimizing the use of paper and reducing the number of trips required for clearing goods, customs automation significantly decreases carbon emissions. The implementation of these automated customs processes contributes to sustainable practices in trade.

However, amidst these positive advancements, challenges in data governance emerge. Questions surrounding data ownership, access, intelligence creation, and profit-making pose significant cross-border data governance challenges. The absence of a universally accepted solution poses a hurdle in ensuring effective and secure data management.

Political support plays a crucial role in implementing trade technology solutions. The successful establishment of a single window system in Rwanda, facilitated by a presidential decree, highlights the necessity for political buy-in to drive technological advancements.

To fully embrace the benefits of trade technology, it is essential to consider sustainability and capacity building. The analysis points out that solutions must go beyond merely providing technology and also focus on sustainable practices. This includes training IT staff and ensuring local adaptation of systems. The importance of nurturing and retaining trained IT staff is emphasized, as the loss of skilled individuals to other countries can hinder progress.

The analysis also highlights a significant disparity in the readiness of developing and developed nations to benefit from new technologies. The readiness index, which examined 166 countries, revealed the United States, Sweden, Singapore, Switzerland, Netherlands, and Korea as the top performers, while many African and Latin American countries ranked at the bottom. This disparity underscores the need for deliberate policy changes and critical investments to bridge the technology gap and reduce inequalities. Countries like India, the Philippines, and Vietnam have demonstrated that deliberate policy changes, investments in research and development (R&D) and information and communication technology (ICT) capabilities, and skills development can significantly improve readiness and capabilities to benefit from new technologies.

Moreover, the analysis emphasizes the dynamic and fast-paced nature of digital technologies, creating a narrow window of opportunity for developing countries. It accentuates the importance of seizing the limited moments when opportunities arise to leverage the benefits that digital technologies offer.

The issue of cross-border data governance is another significant challenge identified in the analysis. The complications surrounding e-bill of landing due to cross-border data issues and different governance systems across the globe are identified. The analysis acknowledges cross-border data governance as not only a trade and human rights issue but also an environmental concern. Building interoperability among various data governance systems is recognized as crucial for effective data management and collaboration.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the crucial role of technology in improving trade processes and efficiency. It sheds light on the positive impact of automation and digital platforms in reducing red tape, promoting sustainability, and benefiting small traders. However, challenges in data governance, political support, and bridging the technology gap between developed and developing nations remain. To fully leverage the potential of trade technology, a comprehensive approach that includes sustainability, capacity building, and strong policy frameworks is necessary. The analysis stresses the need to expand the dialogue on trade tech to foster innovation and exchange of ideas within the international community.

Moderator

During the analysis, the speakers focused on several key aspects of sustainable supply chains and trade tech. An important theme that emerged was the need for increased visibility and transparency in supply chain operations to reduce inefficiencies. The speakers highlighted the significant inefficiencies in land site logistics, such as empty miles performed by truckers due to a lack of platforms to exchange containers.

Technology, particularly AI, IoT, and blockchain, was identified as having immense potential in improving efficiency and reducing costs in supply chains. The analysis pointed to McKinsey data, which suggests that AI could improve supply chain efficiency and reduce costs by 50%. Dubai Customs was also mentioned as an example of a company that has improved transaction costs and efficiency by about 50% through the use of technology. The speakers emphasized the role of technology in achieving sustainability goals, mentioning its ability to predict future disruptions, understand the length of the transportation chain with sufficient data, and bring about a sustainable revolution.

Government regulations, policy changes, and incentives were highlighted as crucial factors in promoting sustainability. It was mentioned that companies are setting their own nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to work towards sustainability targets set by governments. The analysis also called for the establishment of green regulations and policy changes to further encourage sustainable practices. Penalties and carbon taxes were suggested as means to drive large-scale changes, and the International Maritime Organization was recognized for its steps towards implementing green regulations, despite the existence of unclear terms.

The discussions on data governance revealed that it is a significant issue, particularly in cross-border data sharing. The analysis called for the establishment of clear standards and global compliance incentives, rather than mandates. The need for interoperability between different data governance systems was also highlighted. The speakers emphasized the importance of building interoperability into varying data governance systems and promoting open global conversations on the issue.

Consumer behaviour was identified as a significant driver for sustainability efforts. It was noted that people are increasingly making purchases based on companies’ sustainability initiatives. Brands like Apple were given as examples of companies taking note of this trend and making firm commitments towards environmental care and sustainability.

Collaboration was deemed essential for the exchange of information and data in supply chains. The analysis highlighted the benefits of collaborations, such as optimizing transportation, logistics, and scenario planning. It was also noted that companies are increasingly sharing data for a better understanding of their network. The analysis emphasized the need for educational efforts to help smaller companies understand the importance of data sharing and collaborations in supply chains.

The analysis touched on the role of trade tech in making trade more efficient, green, and inclusive. It was emphasized that trade tech needs to be part of open discussions and shared to accelerate its adoption. The potential impact of trade tech on developing countries was also discussed, emphasizing the windows of opportunity that arise but are often short-lived.

Overall, the analysis highlighted the importance of sustainability in supply chains and the potential benefits of technology adoption and collaboration in achieving these goals. It also underscored the need for government regulations, policy changes, and incentives to drive sustainable practices. The challenges of data governance and the influence of consumer behaviour on sustainability efforts were also addressed. The analysis concluded by calling for greater collaboration and the establishment of global regulatory bodies to drive sustainable practices in trade and supply chains.

Sahil Kothadia

During the discussion on sustainable supply chains, the speakers emphasised the need for collaboration and data sharing among companies to achieve greener and more sustainable practices. They highlighted that without visibility beyond Tier 1 supply chains, manufacturers cannot fully understand the environmental impact of their raw materials. By embracing network visualisation, companies can gain insights into potential vulnerabilities and identify more efficient and environmentally friendly paths in their supply chain.

Layered mapping of supply chains, along with considering transportation and wider disruptions, was proposed as an effective strategy to mitigate risks and optimise costs. This approach enables companies to reduce transport hops between tiers and strategically locate warehouses, resulting in reduced carbon footprints.

The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and predictive analytics in transforming sustainable supply chains was also discussed. With sufficient data, AI can be leveraged to predict and prescribe measures for cognitive supply chain management. Predictive analytics, on the other hand, can estimate the duration of transportation leg disruptions, enabling better planning and risk mitigation.

Collaboration emerged as a crucial factor in the supply chain ecosystem. The speakers argued that when supply chains and the ecosystem collaborate effectively, the impact of disruptions can be minimised. Collaboration facilitates the exchange of critical data and information throughout the supply chain, extending all the way to customers, ensuring greater efficiency and resilience.

The importance of data sharing and collaboration was further emphasised. Companies are now more willing to share information, realising its potential in understanding the complexities of the supply chain network. This collaboration allows for better organisation and planning, logistics optimisation, and scenario planning. However, it was acknowledged that convincing companies to share data requires a significant effort and education, but once they understand the importance of collaboration, they become more willing to contribute.

Furthermore, the discussion highlighted the role of risk-based inventory management in promoting sustainable and greener supply chains. Companies can optimise their investment distribution across the entire supply chain, resulting in better risk management and more environmentally friendly practices.

The urgency of educating companies about the importance of collaboration and data sharing in supply chain management was also emphasised. The speakers stressed that companies need to be educated and made aware of the benefits of collaboration to overcome any reluctance in sharing data. Once companies comprehend the positive impacts, they are more likely to actively engage and contribute.

In terms of GHG emissions control, it was suggested that companies need to start somewhere rather than trying to solve everything at once. One way to do this is by focusing on controlling GHG emissions, specifically through categories such as purchasing goods and services, transportation and distribution, waste management, business travel, and employee commute. The forum also mentioned the discussion of greener steel production by Sahil Kothadia.

The importance of engaging suppliers and working collaboratively to collect and control GHG emission data was highlighted as well. Larger manufacturers were encouraged to support smaller suppliers in their journey towards a greener ecosystem.

To optimise GHG emission control, it was proposed to strategically optimise supply chains and set clear boundaries within the value chain. Scenario planning of supply chains was mentioned as a key tool in understanding greener options.

Regarding policy and regulation, it was agreed that they play a vital role in creating an even playing field and promoting equal opportunities. Companies expressed the need for policies and regulations that are consistent and do not burden them with multiple reporting formats and structures.

A noteworthy observation was the importance of having a well-connected sustainability group that collaborates closely with individuals involved in day-to-day operations. This connection was seen as crucial for effective control of GHG emissions.

Overall, the discussions emphasised the significance of collaboration, education, and data sharing in achieving greener and more sustainable supply chains. The potential of technologies such as AI and predictive analytics was highlighted, along with the role of risk-based inventory management. It was acknowledged that policy and regulation should support companies in their sustainability efforts.

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For instance, they have recently launched their first vessel that runs on green methanol, a sustainable fuel alternative. This initiative is a clear indicator of MERSC’s dedication to reducing carbon emissions in the shipping industry.

To monitor and optimize fuel consumption, MERSC’s ships are equipped with approximately 7,000 Internet of Things (IoT) sensors.

These sensors provide real-time data on fuel usage, allowing for immediate adjustments and improvements in efficiency. Additionally, MERSC operates an advanced operations centre that utilises analytics to monitor sea conditions and optimise shipping routes. By leveraging technology in this way, MERSC is able to reduce fuel consumption, limit carbon emissions, and minimise the environmental impact of their operations.

In addition to their focus on greening supply chains through technology, MERSC also recognises the need for efficiency in land logistics.

They aim to optimise container transport through the use of technology, as there is currently significant inefficiency in this area with excessive empty miles performed by truckers. By implementing technological solutions, such as improved container swapping between customers, MERSC seeks to streamline land logistics and reduce waste.

However, MERSC acknowledges that the barriers to scaling technology in supply chains are not purely technical.

Rather, they believe that change management is a significant challenge that needs to be addressed. While technology may be readily available, navigating and implementing changes on a large scale can be hindered by various factors such as legislation and on-ground execution.

MERSC emphasises the importance of change management in order to fully leverage the potential of technology in supply chains.

MERSC also believes that incremental connection to a global network can create additional benefits and incentives.

As more individuals and businesses join the network, the advantages and opportunities multiply, generating motivation for others to connect and engage. By encouraging incremental connections, MERSC aims to expand the benefits of a global network and stimulate further technological advancements.

In terms of consumers’ preferences, MERSC has observed that there is a willingness to pay more for greener options.

This is evidenced by the fact that 2% of all cargo carried by MERSC is already pre-paid on alternative fuel sources. Furthermore, companies like Apple have actively embraced carbon neutrality, showing that sustainability and responsible consumption are becoming increasingly important factors for both businesses and consumers.

MERSC also believes that penalties and carbon taxes have a role to play in driving change towards greener supply chains.

The International Maritime Organization has committed to improving sustainability in the shipping industry, and studies conducted by the Boston Consulting Group indicate that the introduction of carbon taxes can lead to an uplift in the cost of living. By implementing penalties and carbon taxes, a balance can be struck that encourages companies to adopt sustainable practices and contribute to a greener future.

In conclusion, MERSC is deeply committed to making global supply chains greener by leveraging technology.

They have set ambitious targets and are already implementing sustainable solutions, such as green methanol-powered vessels and IoT sensors to monitor and optimise fuel consumption. However, MERSC acknowledges that change management issues, such as legislation and on-ground execution, can impede the widespread adoption of technology.

To successfully scale technology and drive change, well-defined standards, flexible implementation, and incremental connections are key. Additionally, the willingness of consumers and businesses to pay more for greener options, coupled with the implementation of penalties and carbon taxes, can further incentivise the transition towards greener supply chains.

Overall, MERSC’s approach demonstrates a forward-thinking stance in aligning supply chains with sustainability goals.

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Technology, particularly AI, IoT, and blockchain, was identified as having immense potential in improving efficiency and reducing costs in supply chains.

The analysis pointed to McKinsey data, which suggests that AI could improve supply chain efficiency and reduce costs by 50%. Dubai Customs was also mentioned as an example of a company that has improved transaction costs and efficiency by about 50% through the use of technology.

The speakers emphasized the role of technology in achieving sustainability goals, mentioning its ability to predict future disruptions, understand the length of the transportation chain with sufficient data, and bring about a sustainable revolution.

Government regulations, policy changes, and incentives were highlighted as crucial factors in promoting sustainability.

It was mentioned that companies are setting their own nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to work towards sustainability targets set by governments. The analysis also called for the establishment of green regulations and policy changes to further encourage sustainable practices. Penalties and carbon taxes were suggested as means to drive large-scale changes, and the International Maritime Organization was recognized for its steps towards implementing green regulations, despite the existence of unclear terms.

The discussions on data governance revealed that it is a significant issue, particularly in cross-border data sharing.

The analysis called for the establishment of clear standards and global compliance incentives, rather than mandates. The need for interoperability between different data governance systems was also highlighted. The speakers emphasized the importance of building interoperability into varying data governance systems and promoting open global conversations on the issue.

Consumer behaviour was identified as a significant driver for sustainability efforts.

It was noted that people are increasingly making purchases based on companies’ sustainability initiatives. Brands like Apple were given as examples of companies taking note of this trend and making firm commitments towards environmental care and sustainability.

Collaboration was deemed essential for the exchange of information and data in supply chains.

The analysis highlighted the benefits of collaborations, such as optimizing transportation, logistics, and scenario planning. It was also noted that companies are increasingly sharing data for a better understanding of their network. The analysis emphasized the need for educational efforts to help smaller companies understand the importance of data sharing and collaborations in supply chains.

The analysis touched on the role of trade tech in making trade more efficient, green, and inclusive.

It was emphasized that trade tech needs to be part of open discussions and shared to accelerate its adoption. The potential impact of trade tech on developing countries was also discussed, emphasizing the windows of opportunity that arise but are often short-lived.

Overall, the analysis highlighted the importance of sustainability in supply chains and the potential benefits of technology adoption and collaboration in achieving these goals.

It also underscored the need for government regulations, policy changes, and incentives to drive sustainable practices. The challenges of data governance and the influence of consumer behaviour on sustainability efforts were also addressed. The analysis concluded by calling for greater collaboration and the establishment of global regulatory bodies to drive sustainable practices in trade and supply chains.

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By embracing network visualisation, companies can gain insights into potential vulnerabilities and identify more efficient and environmentally friendly paths in their supply chain.

Layered mapping of supply chains, along with considering transportation and wider disruptions, was proposed as an effective strategy to mitigate risks and optimise costs.

This approach enables companies to reduce transport hops between tiers and strategically locate warehouses, resulting in reduced carbon footprints.

Predictive analytics, on the other hand, can estimate the duration of transportation leg disruptions, enabling better planning and risk mitigation.

Collaboration facilitates the exchange of critical data and information throughout the supply chain, extending all the way to customers, ensuring greater efficiency and resilience.

This collaboration allows for better organisation and planning, logistics optimisation, and scenario planning. However, it was acknowledged that convincing companies to share data requires a significant effort and education, but once they understand the importance of collaboration, they become more willing to contribute.

Furthermore, the discussion highlighted the role of risk-based inventory management in promoting sustainable and greener supply chains.

Companies can optimise their investment distribution across the entire supply chain, resulting in better risk management and more environmentally friendly practices.

The urgency of educating companies about the importance of collaboration and data sharing in supply chain management was also emphasised.

The speakers stressed that companies need to be educated and made aware of the benefits of collaboration to overcome any reluctance in sharing data. Once companies comprehend the positive impacts, they are more likely to actively engage and contribute.

In terms of GHG emissions control, it was suggested that companies need to start somewhere rather than trying to solve everything at once.

One way to do this is by focusing on controlling GHG emissions, specifically through categories such as purchasing goods and services, transportation and distribution, waste management, business travel, and employee commute. The forum also mentioned the discussion of greener steel production by Sahil Kothadia.

The importance of engaging suppliers and working collaboratively to collect and control GHG emission data was highlighted as well.

Larger manufacturers were encouraged to support smaller suppliers in their journey towards a greener ecosystem.

Regarding policy and regulation, it was agreed that they play a vital role in creating an even playing field and promoting equal opportunities.

Companies expressed the need for policies and regulations that are consistent and do not burden them with multiple reporting formats and structures.

A noteworthy observation was the importance of having a well-connected sustainability group that collaborates closely with individuals involved in day-to-day operations.

This connection was seen as crucial for effective control of GHG emissions.

It was acknowledged that policy and regulation should support companies in their sustainability efforts.

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This has resulted in improved efficiency, reduced bureaucracy, and cost savings in the clearance of goods. Notably, small traders, especially women entrepreneurs, benefit from this automation, as it reduces the hassle they face.

Automation also brings about positive environmental changes.

By minimizing the use of paper and reducing the number of trips required for clearing goods, customs automation significantly decreases carbon emissions. The implementation of these automated customs processes contributes to sustainable practices in trade.

However, amidst these positive advancements, challenges in data governance emerge.

Questions surrounding data ownership, access, intelligence creation, and profit-making pose significant cross-border data governance challenges. The absence of a universally accepted solution poses a hurdle in ensuring effective and secure data management.

Political support plays a crucial role in implementing trade technology solutions.

The successful establishment of a single window system in Rwanda, facilitated by a presidential decree, highlights the necessity for political buy-in to drive technological advancements.

To fully embrace the benefits of trade technology, it is essential to consider sustainability and capacity building.

The analysis points out that solutions must go beyond merely providing technology and also focus on sustainable practices. This includes training IT staff and ensuring local adaptation of systems. The importance of nurturing and retaining trained IT staff is emphasized, as the loss of skilled individuals to other countries can hinder progress.

The analysis also highlights a significant disparity in the readiness of developing and developed nations to benefit from new technologies.

The readiness index, which examined 166 countries, revealed the United States, Sweden, Singapore, Switzerland, Netherlands, and Korea as the top performers, while many African and Latin American countries ranked at the bottom. This disparity underscores the need for deliberate policy changes and critical investments to bridge the technology gap and reduce inequalities.

Countries like India, the Philippines, and Vietnam have demonstrated that deliberate policy changes, investments in research and development (R&D) and information and communication technology (ICT) capabilities, and skills development can significantly improve readiness and capabilities to benefit from new technologies.

Moreover, the analysis emphasizes the dynamic and fast-paced nature of digital technologies, creating a narrow window of opportunity for developing countries.

It accentuates the importance of seizing the limited moments when opportunities arise to leverage the benefits that digital technologies offer.

The analysis acknowledges cross-border data governance as not only a trade and human rights issue but also an environmental concern. Building interoperability among various data governance systems is recognized as crucial for effective data management and collaboration.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the crucial role of technology in improving trade processes and efficiency.

It sheds light on the positive impact of automation and digital platforms in reducing red tape, promoting sustainability, and benefiting small traders. However, challenges in data governance, political support, and bridging the technology gap between developed and developing nations remain.

To fully leverage the potential of trade technology, a comprehensive approach that includes sustainability, capacity building, and strong policy frameworks is necessary. The analysis stresses the need to expand the dialogue on trade tech to foster innovation and exchange of ideas within the international community.

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This highlights the positive impact of technology on the supply chain industry.

There is a clear need for universal standards for supply chain emissions as the existing regulations date back to the 19th century. The rapid progress of technology has outpaced the understanding and updating of regulations, which urgently needs to be addressed.

Consequently, there is a negative sentiment towards the slow implementation of effective and universal standards by regulatory bodies and governments.

Participants also anticipate a fragmentation of trade routes, with a neutral sentiment towards the prediction of pockets of excellence in certain trade routes.

This implies that some trade routes may be more technologically advanced than others. The successful implementation of trade tech requires cross-border and global connectivity. However, the challenge lies in determining the appropriate platform and governance for these cross-border discussions. The UAE exemplifies a unique approach through the establishment of a cross-border sandbox, allowing for the adaptation and testing of robust regulations.

This demonstrates the agility and speed of the UAE in embracing technology and innovation.

Addressing the technology skill gap is deemed urgent for the successful implementation of sustainable technologies.

For instance, U.S. Steel estimates that it would take approximately 30 years to retrain their staff for the decarbonization of some steel products. Bridging this gap requires concerted efforts to ensure the effective adoption of sustainable technologies.

The significance of scale and the need for reality checks in scaling sustainable technologies are positively emphasized.

Participants agree with the notion that scaling sustainable technologies requires careful consideration of real-world limitations. This implies the need for practical and realistic approaches to achieve scale in the adoption of sustainable technologies.

However, punitive measures are not seen as the most effective approach. Instead, the benefits of adopting sustainable technologies should outweigh any negative consequences.

The inadequate enforcement of regulations is negatively perceived. It is recognized that past targets have often been missed, highlighting the need for stronger enforcement to ensure compliance.

The main challenge in implementing technology in the supply chain lies in surrounding aspects rather than the technology itself.

This emphasizes the importance of addressing related issues such as regulation, governance, and skill development to fully harness the potential of technology in the supply chain industry.

There is a positive sentiment towards viewing the additional cost of sustainable options as an insurance against a degrading future.

This suggests a shift in perspective, recognizing the long-term benefits and value of investing in sustainable practices.

The need for a public-private regulatory global body is positively mentioned.

It is argued that the private sector is often more advanced in terms of knowledge and implementation of technology compared to governments. Therefore, involving the private sector in global meetings and discussions is crucial to ensure effective and up-to-date regulation.

In summary, the potential of technology in the supply chain generates excitement among participants.

Challenges related to regulation, governance, skill development, and enforcement need to be addressed for successful implementation. The importance of cross-border discussions, universal standards, and regulatory bodies keeping up with technological advancements is emphasized. Additionally, the role of governments, bridging the technology skill gap, and the significance of public-private cooperation are highlighted.

The sentiment is generally positive, recognizing the transformative power of technology in promoting sustainable practices in trade, healthcare, and education.

Bridging the Digital Divide for Transition to a Greener Economy

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The discussions revolved around several key topics, including the initiatives taken by the ICT sector to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate their environmental impact. The sector has been sourcing renewable energy through long-lasting contracts with suppliers, building efficient data centres that run on renewable energies, and replacing old networks with fibre for increased energy efficiency. These efforts have been praised and are seen as positive steps towards addressing climate change.

Another area of focus was the ongoing and more efficient review of the WTO telecoms agreement. It was argued that enhancing the effectiveness of regulators can lead to well-regulated markets and lower prices, ultimately benefiting users in terms of affordability and choice. The sentiment towards this topic was positive, highlighting the potential positive impact of such a review.

The discussion also touched upon the importance of the Internet as a global public good. It was highlighted that 51% of the world population is currently connected to the Internet, demonstrating its widespread reach and impact. There was a consensus that the Internet should remain globally accessible and not be fragmented, as this is seen as vital for fostering innovation, enabling connectivity, and promoting economic growth. However, there was opposition expressed towards the fragmentation of the Internet, with concerns raised about the potential negative consequences of such a development.

When it came to WTO policies, the impact on local transitions was deemed a neutral topic, with a desire to understand the correlation between WTO’s policies and local/domestic initiatives. This reflects a need for further exploration and analysis of the effects of such policies on local economies.

Furthermore, there was a negative sentiment towards the control of foreign corporations in sectors without permanent commitments. The argument put forth was that countries should have the flexibility to control the participation of foreign corporations in their sectors without being bound by permanent commitments. Bolivian hospital services’ commitment under WTO rules was mentioned as an example, resulting in decreased autonomy due to the inability to withdraw commitment.

The continuation of the moratorium on electronic transmission tariffs also received criticism, as it has led to significant revenue losses for developing countries. It was noted that developing countries and least developed countries (LDCs) lost approximately 56 billion US dollars in tariff revenue from 2017 to 2020. Moreover, major corporations not having to pay taxes on their profits made in developing countries further compounded the issue. This negative sentiment underscores the need to reassess the impact of the moratorium on developing economies.

The discussions also revealed opposition to the plurilateral Joint Statement Initiative on E-commerce being negotiated in the WTO. It was highlighted that multilateral discussions on e-commerce were rejected at the Buenos Aires Ministerial, and there was a concern that multilateral resources of the WTO were being directed towards plurilateral discussions instead. This negative sentiment towards the initiative reflected a desire for a more inclusive approach and a focus on reducing inequalities.

Developing countries’ needs for resources and financing for infrastructure and skills development related to e-commerce were considered a neutral topic. This highlighted the recognition of the importance of supporting developing countries in their efforts to leverage e-commerce for economic growth and development.

There was also a negative sentiment expressed towards the role of UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) in capacity building on e-commerce. It was argued that UNCTAD, as a neutral arbiter, should focus on advocating for rules beneficial to developing countries instead of favouring big tech and rich countries. This reflects a concern that the needs of developing countries might not be adequately represented or prioritised in the current discourse.

Overall, the discussions provided a comprehensive overview of the various perspectives and concerns surrounding the ICT sector, internet access, WTO policies, and e-commerce. The sentiments expressed highlighted a mix of positive, negative, and neutral views, underscoring the complexity and diverse range of opinions on these important topics.

Antonia Kartzigana

The World Trade Organization (WTO) plays a central role in digital trade discussions, focusing on areas such as electronic commerce and inclusivity. The WTO’s services agreement provides insurance against policy reversals in digital sectors, ensuring stability for businesses.

The work program on electronic commerce, established in 1998, allows WTO members to avoid imposing customs duties on electronic transmissions. This promotes the free flow of information, bridging the digital divide and supporting developing countries.

The Joint Statement Initiative (JSI) on electronic commerce involves 89 participating members working to build upon existing WTO rules and ensuring inclusivity for developing countries. Participating in global trade discussions allows developing countries to have their concerns represented and contribute to the rules that impact them.

Bindings in trade agreements offer certainty and predictability, attracting investment and providing market access. Developed countries have undertaken more bindings, supporting smaller players.

The moratorium on electronic transmissions exempting them from customs duties has been a topic of discussion, with studies highlighting limited impacts that vary across specific countries.

Recognizing the importance of digital inputs, the WTO acknowledges their role in the development of digital and green economies. Duties on digital inputs can hinder growth in these sectors.

Overall, the WTO’s efforts in the digital sphere, including services agreement, work program on electronic commerce, and JSI, shape global digital trade policies. They prioritize inclusivity, address concerns of developing countries, and promote certainty in trade agreements. The impact of the moratorium on electronic transmissions and the role of digital inputs are also recognized. The WTO works towards a digital future that promotes growth, reduces inequalities, and fosters partnerships for sustainable development.

Yasmin Ismail

The analysis highlights various key points related to achieving twin transitions and the importance of collaboration and coordination among policymakers. One key point raised by UNCTAD is the need for a twin transition, which involves both the digital and green transitions. To successfully accomplish this, policymakers must work together and break down silos. This collaboration is essential to ensure a smooth transition that encompasses various sectors and areas, such as technology, economy, and policymaking.

Another important aspect identified is the significance of empowering national expertise. It is argued that domestic academia, researchers, and tech experts possess a better understanding of the local context. Therefore, investment should be made in leveraging local resources and knowledge to empower national expertise. This approach would enable countries to address challenges effectively and devise strategies that align with their specific circumstances.

The analysis also emphasizes the need to promote digital and environmental literacy, particularly among the younger generation known as Generation Z and Alpha. These young individuals are more aware of environmental issues and require access to online resources and digital tools to enhance their understanding and contribute towards sustainable development efforts.

Furthermore, the development of robust digital and eco-friendly infrastructure is deemed crucial. It is suggested that by investing in such infrastructure, countries can meet the demands of the twin transition effectively. Additionally, adopting green public procurement practices can stimulate demand for green products and services, thereby contributing to the overall sustainability agenda.

Reskilling the workforce is another important consideration highlighted in the analysis. A study by Microsoft estimates the emergence of numerous technology-oriented jobs by 2025, indicating the need for prioritising upskilling initiatives. By providing individuals with the necessary skills, they can enhance their employability and successfully adapt to the changing needs of the future workforce.

The analysis also underscores the importance of inclusive and innovative funding mechanisms for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These mechanisms can support the growth and development of SMEs, ensuring their financial access and reducing inequalities in the economic landscape.

Trade policies also play a crucial role in facilitating the twin transition. It is argued that trade policies should enable access to technologies, goods, and services required for the transition. Countries need to prioritise their specific needs and align their trade policies accordingly to effectively integrate into the twin transition process.

The inclusion of the twin transition in bilateral and regional trade agreements is deemed necessary for successful implementation. It is suggested that these agreements should incorporate provisions that address both digital and green transitions. Moreover, the innovation of technology transfer frameworks is seen as crucial in facilitating knowledge exchange and collaboration among countries.

The analysis also examines the work programme on electronic commerce, recognising its focus on development. However, it raises concern over the absence of the African continent from the Joint Statement Initiatives (JSIs). This observation signifies that not all developing countries are adequately represented, highlighting the need for more inclusive participation and collaboration.

Lastly, the analysis draws attention to the environmental impact of e-commerce. It is noted that the text lacks proposals addressing this environmental concern. The impacts of e-commerce on the environment should be investigated more thoroughly, and appropriate measures need to be implemented to mitigate negative effects.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the importance of breaking silos, leveraging national expertise, promoting digital and environmental literacy, developing robust infrastructure, reskilling the workforce, ensuring financial access for SMEs, enabling trade policies, and addressing the environmental impact of e-commerce to achieve twin transitions successfully. By considering these factors and implementing appropriate strategies, countries can foster sustainable development and contribute to the attainment of relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Jane Drake Bruckman

Digital technologies have the potential to significantly contribute to achieving sustainability goals. According to the Global Enabling Sustainability Initiative, 103 out of the 169 sustainable development goals can be directly influenced by digital technologies. The deployment of existing digital technologies is projected to accelerate progress in sustainability by 22% and mitigate downward trends by 23%.

Digital tools have a wide range of applications in various sectors, such as monitoring energy efficiency, facilitating the reuse of components and materials for the circular economy, and managing traffic. These tools also play a significant role in the agricultural sector by helping farmers reduce water and fertilizer consumption.

Governments are recognising the positive impact of information and communication technology (ICT) and internet connectivity on climate action and energy improvement. For instance, the Philippines is emphasising the role of ICT in its efforts to address climate change and improve energy efficiency.

Additionally, digital technologies improve efficiency and productivity across diverse sectors, including manufacturing, construction, and agriculture. Bridging the digital divide requires the development of digital skills, infrastructure, and suitable regulatory frameworks. It is crucial not to miss opportunities to utilise digital technologies in solving global problems.

In conclusion, digital technologies offer immense potential for achieving sustainability goals. They can drive progress in sustainability, promote efficient resource use, and facilitate the transition to a circular economy. It is important for governments to recognise the importance of ICT and internet connectivity in addressing climate action and energy improvement. Bridging the digital divide and promoting cooperation are key to maximising the benefits of digital technologies and addressing global challenges.

Mehmed Sait Akman

The analysis explores the complex relationship between digital transformation and sustainability, highlighting several key points. Firstly, it reveals the existence of a digital divide between developed and developing countries. The study emphasizes that although internet access is crucial, it alone is insufficient to bridge this divide. More developed regions within countries tend to have better connectivity than less developed areas. This digital divide contributes to income inequality and poverty as individuals in less connected areas miss out on economic opportunities provided by digital technologies.

Another important aspect is the interconnectedness of digital and green transformations. The analysis underscores the role of digital technologies in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and optimizing energy use. These technologies can aid in the transition to renewable energy sources and provide platforms for the trading of renewable energy credits. Engagement of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is essential for sustainable practices in the green production process. The analysis emphasizes that both digital and green transformations are vital and mutually dependent for a sustainable future.

Additionally, the study notes that improvements in digital technology alone do not guarantee the achievement of sustainability goals. Deliberate decisions and actions are required to ensure that digital transformation aligns with sustainability objectives. This deliberate approach highlights the need to consider the impact of digitalization on climate and work towards climate-beneficial digitalization.

Furthermore, the analysis stresses the importance of establishing a regulatory framework and robust infrastructure to enable access to digital technologies. It suggests that reliable infrastructure is necessary for effective digital transformation. Moreover, the low percentage of financing for information and communication technology (ICT) by multilateral development banks highlights the need for increased investment in this area.

The analysis emphasizes the concept of global digital public goods, which are seen as crucial for bridging the digital divide. Digital public infrastructure plays a critical role in achieving this goal. Additionally, it underscores the importance of empowering individuals through digital skills and knowledge, with a focus on integrating these skills into education and training programs.

The analysis also highlights the significance of domestic policies and regulations in trade, particularly in the context of the digital and green economies. It argues that trade policy should begin at home, suggesting that domestic-level decisions and actions play a significant role in shaping these economies.

Finally, the analysis suggests that international efforts should prioritize the regulation of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), which may have negative externalities. It advocates for a thorough examination of the potential risks and consequences associated with AI, and the implementation of regulatory measures to mitigate these effects.

In conclusion, the analysis focuses on the existence of a digital divide and its impact on income inequality and poverty. It underscores the interconnectedness of digital and green transformations, emphasizing the importance of deliberate decisions and actions to align digital transformation with sustainability objectives. The analysis also highlights the significance of establishing a regulatory framework and infrastructure for digital access, along with the role of global digital public goods. Additionally, it addresses the importance of equipping future generations with the necessary knowledge and skills to navigate the challenges and opportunities of the green and digital economies. Finally, it highlights the need for international regulation of emerging technologies to effectively manage potential risks.

Moderator – Ayşegül Şahinoğlu Yerdeş

The analysis highlights the pivotal role of digitalization in driving decarbonization efforts and promoting a green transformation. According to the World Trade Organization (WTO)’s 2022 World Trade Report titled “Climate Change and International Trade,” digitalization is recognized as a significant driver of decarbonization. This acknowledgement underscores the positive impact of digital technologies in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Moreover, the analysis reveals that existing digital technologies are contributing to shrinking the carbon footprint in key sectors, including energy, transport, manufacturing, construction, and agriculture. Investments in digital technologies facilitating green transitions have also seen substantial growth. These findings emphasize the interconnection between digital and green transitions, showcasing how digital technologies can contribute to achieving sustainability goals.

However, the analysis also highlights a pressing challenge, the digital divide between developed and developing countries. Bridging this divide is crucial as it can impede progress towards sustainable development. The report points out that the digital divide disproportionately affects certain groups, such as women, youth, farmers, and businesses in remote locations. Therefore, reducing this divide is essential for promoting inclusivity and ensuring equitable access to digital benefits for all.

The analysis emphasizes the importance of the WTO in discussions related to digital transformation and the green economy. However, it also reveals a dearth of in-depth discussions on the interaction between digital transformation and the environment within the organization. There is a need for more comprehensive dialogue and collaboration between the fields of digital transformation and environmental sustainability within the WTO to address this gap.

Additionally, the report highlights the potential of digital technologies to counterweigh negative environmental externalities. Despite accounting for only 1.4% of global carbon emissions, the ICT sector contributes to reducing greenhouse gas intensity across the entire economy. The growth in emissions from the sector is projected to be offset by energy efficiencies and increased use of renewables. This underscores the positive role that digital technologies can play in promoting responsible consumption and production.

In conclusion, the analysis underscores the significance of digitalization in driving decarbonization efforts and promoting green transformations. It emphasizes the need to address the digital divide, particularly in developing countries, and calls for the WTO to foster more comprehensive discussions and collaboration between the fields of digital transformation and environmental sustainability. Digital technologies have the potential to mitigate negative environmental impacts and contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals.

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The work program on electronic commerce, established in 1998, allows WTO members to avoid imposing customs duties on electronic transmissions.

This promotes the free flow of information, bridging the digital divide and supporting developing countries.

The Joint Statement Initiative (JSI) on electronic commerce involves 89 participating members working to build upon existing WTO rules and ensuring inclusivity for developing countries.

Participating in global trade discussions allows developing countries to have their concerns represented and contribute to the rules that impact them.

Bindings in trade agreements offer certainty and predictability, attracting investment and providing market access. Developed countries have undertaken more bindings, supporting smaller players.

The moratorium on electronic transmissions exempting them from customs duties has been a topic of discussion, with studies highlighting limited impacts that vary across specific countries.

Recognizing the importance of digital inputs, the WTO acknowledges their role in the development of digital and green economies.

Duties on digital inputs can hinder growth in these sectors.

The impact of the moratorium on electronic transmissions and the role of digital inputs are also recognized. The WTO works towards a digital future that promotes growth, reduces inequalities, and fosters partnerships for sustainable development.

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These efforts have been praised and are seen as positive steps towards addressing climate change.

The sentiment towards this topic was positive, highlighting the potential positive impact of such a review.

There was a consensus that the Internet should remain globally accessible and not be fragmented, as this is seen as vital for fostering innovation, enabling connectivity, and promoting economic growth. However, there was opposition expressed towards the fragmentation of the Internet, with concerns raised about the potential negative consequences of such a development.

Bolivian hospital services’ commitment under WTO rules was mentioned as an example, resulting in decreased autonomy due to the inability to withdraw commitment.

The continuation of the moratorium on electronic transmission tariffs also received criticism, as it has led to significant revenue losses for developing countries.

It was noted that developing countries and least developed countries (LDCs) lost approximately 56 billion US dollars in tariff revenue from 2017 to 2020. Moreover, major corporations not having to pay taxes on their profits made in developing countries further compounded the issue.

This negative sentiment underscores the need to reassess the impact of the moratorium on developing economies.

This negative sentiment towards the initiative reflected a desire for a more inclusive approach and a focus on reducing inequalities.

Developing countries’ needs for resources and financing for infrastructure and skills development related to e-commerce were considered a neutral topic.

This highlighted the recognition of the importance of supporting developing countries in their efforts to leverage e-commerce for economic growth and development.

There was also a negative sentiment expressed towards the role of UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) in capacity building on e-commerce.

It was argued that UNCTAD, as a neutral arbiter, should focus on advocating for rules beneficial to developing countries instead of favouring big tech and rich countries. This reflects a concern that the needs of developing countries might not be adequately represented or prioritised in the current discourse.

Overall, the discussions provided a comprehensive overview of the various perspectives and concerns surrounding the ICT sector, internet access, WTO policies, and e-commerce.

The sentiments expressed highlighted a mix of positive, negative, and neutral views, underscoring the complexity and diverse range of opinions on these important topics.

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In conclusion, digital technologies offer immense potential for achieving sustainability goals.

They can drive progress in sustainability, promote efficient resource use, and facilitate the transition to a circular economy. It is important for governments to recognise the importance of ICT and internet connectivity in addressing climate action and energy improvement. Bridging the digital divide and promoting cooperation are key to maximising the benefits of digital technologies and addressing global challenges.

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More developed regions within countries tend to have better connectivity than less developed areas. This digital divide contributes to income inequality and poverty as individuals in less connected areas miss out on economic opportunities provided by digital technologies.

Another important aspect is the interconnectedness of digital and green transformations.

The analysis underscores the role of digital technologies in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and optimizing energy use. These technologies can aid in the transition to renewable energy sources and provide platforms for the trading of renewable energy credits. Engagement of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is essential for sustainable practices in the green production process.

The analysis emphasizes that both digital and green transformations are vital and mutually dependent for a sustainable future.

This deliberate approach highlights the need to consider the impact of digitalization on climate and work towards climate-beneficial digitalization.

Furthermore, the analysis stresses the importance of establishing a regulatory framework and robust infrastructure to enable access to digital technologies.

It suggests that reliable infrastructure is necessary for effective digital transformation. Moreover, the low percentage of financing for information and communication technology (ICT) by multilateral development banks highlights the need for increased investment in this area.

The analysis emphasizes the concept of global digital public goods, which are seen as crucial for bridging the digital divide.

Digital public infrastructure plays a critical role in achieving this goal. Additionally, it underscores the importance of empowering individuals through digital skills and knowledge, with a focus on integrating these skills into education and training programs.

The analysis also highlights the significance of domestic policies and regulations in trade, particularly in the context of the digital and green economies.

It argues that trade policy should begin at home, suggesting that domestic-level decisions and actions play a significant role in shaping these economies.

Finally, the analysis suggests that international efforts should prioritize the regulation of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), which may have negative externalities.

It advocates for a thorough examination of the potential risks and consequences associated with AI, and the implementation of regulatory measures to mitigate these effects.

In conclusion, the analysis focuses on the existence of a digital divide and its impact on income inequality and poverty.

It underscores the interconnectedness of digital and green transformations, emphasizing the importance of deliberate decisions and actions to align digital transformation with sustainability objectives. The analysis also highlights the significance of establishing a regulatory framework and infrastructure for digital access, along with the role of global digital public goods.

Additionally, it addresses the importance of equipping future generations with the necessary knowledge and skills to navigate the challenges and opportunities of the green and digital economies. Finally, it highlights the need for international regulation of emerging technologies to effectively manage potential risks.

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This acknowledgement underscores the positive impact of digital technologies in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Investments in digital technologies facilitating green transitions have also seen substantial growth. These findings emphasize the interconnection between digital and green transitions, showcasing how digital technologies can contribute to achieving sustainability goals.

However, the analysis also highlights a pressing challenge, the digital divide between developed and developing countries.

Bridging this divide is crucial as it can impede progress towards sustainable development. The report points out that the digital divide disproportionately affects certain groups, such as women, youth, farmers, and businesses in remote locations. Therefore, reducing this divide is essential for promoting inclusivity and ensuring equitable access to digital benefits for all.

The analysis emphasizes the importance of the WTO in discussions related to digital transformation and the green economy.

However, it also reveals a dearth of in-depth discussions on the interaction between digital transformation and the environment within the organization. There is a need for more comprehensive dialogue and collaboration between the fields of digital transformation and environmental sustainability within the WTO to address this gap.

Additionally, the report highlights the potential of digital technologies to counterweigh negative environmental externalities.

Despite accounting for only 1.4% of global carbon emissions, the ICT sector contributes to reducing greenhouse gas intensity across the entire economy. The growth in emissions from the sector is projected to be offset by energy efficiencies and increased use of renewables.

This underscores the positive role that digital technologies can play in promoting responsible consumption and production.

Digital technologies have the potential to mitigate negative environmental impacts and contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals.

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To successfully accomplish this, policymakers must work together and break down silos. This collaboration is essential to ensure a smooth transition that encompasses various sectors and areas, such as technology, economy, and policymaking.

Another important aspect identified is the significance of empowering national expertise.

It is argued that domestic academia, researchers, and tech experts possess a better understanding of the local context. Therefore, investment should be made in leveraging local resources and knowledge to empower national expertise. This approach would enable countries to address challenges effectively and devise strategies that align with their specific circumstances.

The analysis also emphasizes the need to promote digital and environmental literacy, particularly among the younger generation known as Generation Z and Alpha.

These young individuals are more aware of environmental issues and require access to online resources and digital tools to enhance their understanding and contribute towards sustainable development efforts.

Furthermore, the development of robust digital and eco-friendly infrastructure is deemed crucial.

It is suggested that by investing in such infrastructure, countries can meet the demands of the twin transition effectively. Additionally, adopting green public procurement practices can stimulate demand for green products and services, thereby contributing to the overall sustainability agenda.

Reskilling the workforce is another important consideration highlighted in the analysis.

A study by Microsoft estimates the emergence of numerous technology-oriented jobs by 2025, indicating the need for prioritising upskilling initiatives. By providing individuals with the necessary skills, they can enhance their employability and successfully adapt to the changing needs of the future workforce.

The analysis also underscores the importance of inclusive and innovative funding mechanisms for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

These mechanisms can support the growth and development of SMEs, ensuring their financial access and reducing inequalities in the economic landscape.

Trade policies also play a crucial role in facilitating the twin transition. It is argued that trade policies should enable access to technologies, goods, and services required for the transition.

Countries need to prioritise their specific needs and align their trade policies accordingly to effectively integrate into the twin transition process.

The inclusion of the twin transition in bilateral and regional trade agreements is deemed necessary for successful implementation.

It is suggested that these agreements should incorporate provisions that address both digital and green transitions. Moreover, the innovation of technology transfer frameworks is seen as crucial in facilitating knowledge exchange and collaboration among countries.

The analysis also examines the work programme on electronic commerce, recognising its focus on development.

However, it raises concern over the absence of the African continent from the Joint Statement Initiatives (JSIs). This observation signifies that not all developing countries are adequately represented, highlighting the need for more inclusive participation and collaboration.

Lastly, the analysis draws attention to the environmental impact of e-commerce.

It is noted that the text lacks proposals addressing this environmental concern. The impacts of e-commerce on the environment should be investigated more thoroughly, and appropriate measures need to be implemented to mitigate negative effects.

By considering these factors and implementing appropriate strategies, countries can foster sustainable development and contribute to the attainment of relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Young voices from Africa – Harnessing digital tools for sustainable trade

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The analysis highlights several arguments and discussions on various topics. One of the main points revolves around India’s ability to offer efficient solutions in language, digitalization, and financing that could greatly benefit the World Trade Organization (WTO). India has already introduced and pilot-tested an MSME financing solution called Oconfor and has initiated the United Payment Interface (UPI) for mobile transfers of money with low transaction fees. These initiatives demonstrate India’s potential in addressing issues related to language barriers, digitalization, and financing, making it an asset to the WTO.

Ghana is another country making strides in promoting inclusivity and gender equality in trade. The country has implemented several strategies to support women in benefiting from the African continental free trade. This includes the formation of the Trade and Gender Committee under the National Trade Facilitation Committee, sensitization and training programs for women and border agencies, the adoption of the ‘gender champion’ concept to assist women traders effectively, and the implementation of a simplified trade regime for women crossing the border with goods worth less than $5,000. These initiatives demonstrate Ghana’s commitment to ensuring women are empowered and can actively participate in trade, contributing to the overall economic growth of the country.

Digital inclusion and access to digital financial tools are crucial for remote work and business efforts, particularly in rural areas. Limited access to essential digital tools, such as credit cards, hinders individuals from fully participating in the digital economy. There is a need for solutions to eliminate these barriers and ensure individuals from rural areas have access to digital financial tools. This will not only facilitate remote work opportunities but also contribute to reducing inequalities and promoting decent work and economic growth.

The analysis also explores the issue of youth representation in politics. It is observed that there is a lack of young people’s representation, and their voices are not being adequately heard. To address this, the suggestion is made that young people should create their own platforms to amplify their voices and be noticed in political arenas. This would contribute to building stronger institutions and promoting peace, justice, and inclusivity.

Financial inclusivity is another important aspect discussed in the analysis. The integration of mobile payment solutions with traditional banking methods is seen as essential to ensure financial inclusivity. Many individuals, especially youth, use mobile payments extensively. However, access to Visa cards, which are often required for certain transactions, can be a challenge and may restrict financial participation. The need for integration between mobile payment solutions and traditional banking methods is thus emphasized to promote financial inclusivity, reduce inequalities, and tackle poverty.

The analysis also points out the importance of policies adapting to technological advancements. While technology is advancing rapidly, policies often lag behind. There is a need for policies that can keep up with these developments to ensure organizations can effectively utilize successful models and data, thereby enhancing sustainability and contributing to responsible consumption and production.

Finally, the analysis sheds light on the issue of allowing Africans to pay in local currency for digital services. Currently, the e-commerce moratorium exempts tax on digitally delivered services. However, there are concerns that this moratorium may be under threat, which could have detrimental effects, particularly in Africa. It is argued that platforms like GAFA should work with local partners to enable Africans to pay directly in local currency, rather than relying on hard currencies or mobile visa payments.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights various arguments and discussions on a range of topics. It emphasizes the potential benefits that India and Ghana can bring to the WTO, the importance of digital inclusion and financial access, the need for improved youth representation in politics, the significance of financial inclusivity and technological adaptation in policies, and the challenges associated with digital payments in African countries. These insights provide valuable considerations for policymakers and stakeholders to address these issues and promote sustainable development.

Sarah Frimpong

The analysis reveals several important points about the informal sector and the role of women in African economies. Firstly, it highlights the distinctive dual nature of African economies, divided into the formal and the informal sector. The informal sector is found to make a significant contribution to Africa’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Notably, women and youth form the largest part of the informal sector in Africa, underscoring their importance in this sector.

However, challenges are facing the African informal sector that need to be addressed. One of these challenges is the complexity of digital platforms, which proves to be a barrier for some players in the informal sector who lack literacy skills to make good use of mobile money payments. As a result, most market women can only use their phones to make calls due to low literacy levels. This highlights the need for simple solutions that can enable market women to fully utilize digital platforms and expand their businesses.

Another challenge identified is the issue of affordability in telecommunication products and services in Africa. It is noted that making a call from Ghana to Togo is more expensive than making a call from Europe to Germany. This lack of affordability hinders market women from taking full advantage of their limited knowledge and expertise. Therefore, it is crucial to address this issue by providing affordable telecommunication products and services that can empower market women and facilitate their participation in economic activities.

The analysis also emphasizes the importance of involving and informing informal traders about the African Continental Free Trade Area. It is highlighted that most market women are unaware of this trade agreement, and the lack of information and complex language of trade agreements hinder their effective implementation. Therefore, there is a need to translate trade agreements into easily understandable language for market women to ensure their meaningful participation in the economic benefits of the African Continental Free Trade Area.

Furthermore, the analysis criticizes the government’s hasty approach to formalizing the informal sector through counterproductive interventions. Specifically, the introduction of a 1.5% tax on withdrawals in Ghana resulted in a 20% drop in mobile money transactions. Instead of imposing burdensome taxes, the government is urged to adopt a collaborative approach that enables a seamless transition of the informal sector into the formal economy.

The lack of comprehensive understanding and data collection on the informal sector is identified as a major hindrance to effective policy interventions. The analysis argues that the informal sector is intricate, with different needs, skills, and capacities. Current initiatives and interventions tend to broadly categorize the entire informal sector and may not address the unique needs of its different aspects. Additionally, the scarcity of data on the informal sector makes it challenging to design appropriate policies that can effectively support this sector.

To address this issue, the analysis suggests increasing and improving data collection on the informal sector in Africa. The availability of more data would allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the various intricacies of the informal sector and would aid in the formulation of targeted and effective policy interventions.

Lastly, the analysis highlights the importance of renewing the moratorium in trade, particularly in the interest of women. Renewing the moratorium is seen as a cost-effective way to include women in trade, with minimal costs compared to the potential gains that would be made by including women in the trade sector. However, the analysis does not provide supporting arguments or evidence for this point.

In conclusion, the analysis sheds light on key aspects of the informal sector in African economies and the crucial role of women in this sector. It underlines the need for simpler digital platforms, affordable telecommunication products and services, and informed participation in trade agreements to unlock the potential of the informal sector. Additionally, the analysis emphasizes the importance of a collaborative approach, comprehensive data collection, and renewing the moratorium in trade to foster inclusive and sustainable economic growth in Africa.

Princess Puskas

Mobile payments have the potential to revolutionize the financial landscape in Africa by including previously unbanked populations and contributing to sustainable economic growth. Around 70% of mobile money accounts in 2022 were from Africa, highlighting the significant uptake of mobile payments in the region. By bringing the unbanked and informal sectors into the financial sector, these individuals can actively participate in the economy and contribute to economic growth.

Mobile payments also hold great promise for the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Africa. These businesses, often lacking access to traditional banking services, can benefit from mobile payment platforms that enable efficient and secure transactions. This support for MSMEs can foster entrepreneurship, job creation, and economic development.

To ensure the inclusion of the informal sector in the internationalized mobile banking system, digital literacy becomes a crucial factor. Initiatives are proposed to progressively incorporate the informal sector into banking through enhanced digital literacy programs. This approach aims to empower individuals in the informal sector to navigate and utilize mobile banking solutions effectively.

The process of internationalizing mobile banking should begin with a small-scale approach, initially focusing on the leading languages in Africa. Gradually, other languages should be included to ensure accessibility and a universal banking system that facilitates transactions and exchanges of goods and services across the continent.

The inclusion of digital technologies in Africa’s economy can help lower reliance on the informal sector, which is associated with high unemployment rates and limited economic diversification. The adoption and integration of digital technologies can drive innovation, enhance productivity, and contribute to a more diverse and sustainable economy.

Regulation and supervision of digital technologies are important for fostering innovation, safeguarding financial stability, and protecting consumers. A balanced approach is necessary to create an enabling environment that supports technological advancements while ensuring compliance with regulatory standards.

Efforts towards achieving a single digital market in Africa are commendable, particularly through collaboration among African economies. The establishment of such a market holds tremendous potential for promoting digital innovation, boosting trade, and enhancing economic growth across the continent.

Mobile payment services, such as Orange Money, offer their own Visa Card, providing youths with access to financial services without requiring a traditional bank account. This inclusion of youths in the financial sector is crucial, as they hold valuable insights and perspectives that can drive innovation and bridge potential generational gaps.

The commendable efforts made in India and Ghana towards boosting inter-country trade through the adoption of digital technologies are noteworthy. India’s United Payment Interface has been instrumental in lowering transaction costs, while Ghana’s partnership with the Pan-African Payment Settlement System has facilitated cross-border trade. These examples demonstrate the transformative potential of digital technologies in fostering economic cooperation and integration.

Furthermore, when discussing digital technology and youth, it is important to ensure gender balance in the conversation. While women are often the focus of gender equality efforts, it is equally important to include male youth in discussions to ensure a comprehensive understanding and address the needs of all genders.

In conclusion, mobile payments, digital literacy, inclusive internationalisation of mobile banking, digital technology inclusion, regulatory balance, collaboration, youth involvement, inter-country trade facilitation, and gender equality are crucial elements for driving sustainable economic growth and financial inclusion in Africa. Through concerted efforts and strategic initiatives, Africa can harness the transformative power of digital technologies and leverage them to forge a prosperous and inclusive future.

Cecilia Malmström

Trade liberalization has a differential impact on men and women, with gender discrimination in laws making it more difficult for women to access financing. Women’s clothes are also subject to higher tariffs compared to men’s clothes. To address these challenges and promote gender equality in trade, it is crucial to involve women in trade more systematically and remove obstacles to their participation. Research has shown that countries with higher participation of women entrepreneurs are more competitive.

Gender provisions should be included in free trade agreements to ensure gender equality in trade. The European Union (EU) has taken steps in this direction by including gender provisions in their agreements with Canada and New Zealand. Additionally, 125 countries signed a joint declaration on women in trade at the Ministerial 2017 in Buenos Aires, showing a global commitment to addressing gender inequalities in international trade.

The African Continental Free Trade Agreement has immense potential for empowering women by improving their financial and digital literacy, increasing their access to capital and opportunities. Inclusion and participation of women are crucial components of the agreement to ensure that women benefit from the trade opportunities it provides.

Better data on the informal sector is needed to design effective interventions and policies. Collecting data can help understand the unique challenges faced by women in the informal sector and implement targeted solutions.

The needs of the informal sector include digitalization, training, access to capital, and the removal of discriminatory rules. Addressing these needs can enhance opportunities for women in the informal sector, leading to improved livelihoods and economic growth.

Standardization in e-commerce, anonymization in public procurement, and high-standard digital trade rules are essential for promoting gender equality and reducing discrimination. Standardization facilitates fair and efficient business transactions in e-commerce. Anonymization in public procurement projects can mitigate discrimination and increase the number of projects that go to women. High-standard digital trade rules ensure inclusivity and enable women and micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) to benefit from digitalization.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of digital trade and services has increased. High-standard digital trade and services rules can ensure that women and MSMEs receive the benefits of digitalization. Enhancing digital services trade within the African continent requires sharing best practices and experiences.

Measures related to digital services and market access are crucial for building trust. Implementing high-standard provisions and providing access to cybersecurity and fraud prevention tools are essential for fostering trust in digital transactions and promoting business growth.

Mobile payments play a transformative role in reducing inequalities, particularly in the African context. Encouraging diverse solutions and services can create an enabling environment for women and promote financial inclusion.

Including women’s rights in trade agreements is a vital step towards gender equality and decent work. Most modern trade agreements reference the International Labour Organization (ILO) core conventions, which protect women’s right to unionize and advocate for non-discriminatory wage negotiations. Examples include trade agreements between the EU and various countries, as well as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP).

Individual companies must take action to implement ILO conventions and promote gender equality and decent work. While enforcement lies with the companies, support from organizations like the EU and the ILO is essential for monitoring and addressing systematic abuses.

In conclusion, trade has a significant impact on gender equality, and it is crucial to address the differential effects of trade liberalization on men and women. By involving women in trade, removing obstacles, and improving access to markets and resources, countries can enhance competitiveness and promote gender equality. Including gender provisions in trade agreements, such as those by the EU, contributes to gender equality in international trade. The African Continental Free Trade Agreement empowers women by addressing their specific needs and promoting standardization and high-standard digital trade rules. Collecting better data on the informal sector informs effective interventions, and addressing the needs of the informal sector, such as digitalization and access to capital, benefits women. Standardization in e-commerce, anonymization in public procurement, and high-standard digital trade rules reduce discrimination and promote inclusion. Mobile payments promote financial inclusion and reduce inequalities. Finally, including women’s rights in trade agreements and implementing ILO conventions are vital for promoting gender equality and decent work.

Cathleen McDonalds

Visa’s presence in Africa and its approach to the continent’s demographics and technological innovation have been viewed positively. They operate in over 200 countries, including various African countries, and their aim is to facilitate access for women, entrepreneurs, and MSMEs into the global economy. This aligns with the goals of SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities). Visa recognized the opportunities in Africa’s demographics and technological advancements.

During the pandemic, Visa’s Think Tank discovered a surge in women’s entrepreneurship, driven by the acceleration of digitization. Businesses that experienced growth during this period were more likely to use digital platforms and payments, as well as engage in export. This highlights the positive impact of digital payments on women’s empowerment and economic growth, in line with SDG 5 and SDG 8.

Visa’s initiatives in Africa further demonstrate their commitment to promoting economic growth and innovation. They have partnered with Safaricom in Kenya to extend the use of M-PESA, a mobile money transfer service, beyond Kenya’s borders. Additionally, Visa has launched the Visa Africa Fintech Accelerator, aimed at supporting local startups and fintechs. They are also working on ensuring interoperability of different payment models across Africa. These efforts contribute to the goals of SDG 8 and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure).

The relevance of digital technology in promoting financial inclusion and economic growth is underscored by Cathleen McDonald. She emphasizes the potential of digital technology to act as a catalyst for these goals. Additionally, McDonald highlights the importance of disseminating information about digital technologies in an accessible and inclusive manner. Utilizing appropriate channels such as radio stations and newspapers, especially for people in rural areas, can enhance inclusion, aligning with SDG 9 and SDG 10.

McDonald also upholds the importance of language in information sharing, suggesting that utilizing local languages can improve the rate and efficacy of inclusion. Trade affairs and educational forums are suggested as platforms for teaching about opportunities for financial and economic advancement through digital technologies. These platforms align with the goals of SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 8, and SDG 9.

However, McDonald acknowledges technical issues experienced with Visa mobile payments, indicating the need for further improvement in this area.

The initiatives of India and Ghana in promoting digital financial inclusion are praised. India focused on digital public infrastructure during its G20 host year, while Ghana is working on direct interventions to facilitate digital financial inclusion. These efforts contribute to the goals of SDG 9 and SDG 10.

McDonald commends young African trade experts for their focus on youth, particularly the inclusion of young women. Their efforts align with SDG 5 and SDG 8.

Access to more digitally enabled services is considered a net benefit for economies and diversification, with a particular positive impact on women and MSMEs. This aligns with SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 5, SDG 8, and SDG 10.

Extending the moratorium on certain digital tools and services is seen as crucial to maintaining the availability and offerings of these tools. Not extending the moratorium could have a negative effect, and the use of these digital tools is vital for achieving SDG 8, SDG 9, and SDG 10.

Visa’s Visa Net Settlement Service is offered in the African continent, providing services in local currency when domestic services are needed. This contributes to SDG 8 and SDG 10.

More competition in payments is viewed positively as it drives down costs, encourages investment in innovation and security, and provides more options for consumers and small businesses. This aligns with SDG 8, SDG 9, and SDG 10.

In conclusion, Visa’s presence and approach in Africa highlight their dedication to promoting gender equality, economic growth, and reduced inequalities. Their initiatives in partnership with local entities, support for startups and fintechs, and efforts towards interoperability are ways in which they are contributing to the achievement of the SDGs. Additionally, the positive impact of digital payments on women’s empowerment and the importance of inclusive information dissemination and language accessibility are emphasized. The initiatives of India and Ghana, as well as the commendation of young African trade experts, further highlight the significance of digital financial inclusion and youth focus.

Moderator

During the discussions, speakers explored various topics related to inclusive economic growth in African countries. One key focus was the potential of mobile payments to foster inclusivity, particularly for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). It was acknowledged that bringing unbanked individuals into the financial sector through mobile payments could stimulate economic growth. The positive sentiment towards this argument suggests an optimistic outlook for the impact of mobile payments in Africa.

However, concerns were raised regarding digital literacy and language barriers that could hinder the implementation of mobile payment systems. It is crucial to address these issues to ensure that all individuals, including those with limited digital and language skills, can fully participate in the digital economy. This neutral sentiment highlights the need for further considerations and actions to overcome these barriers.

Another significant argument was the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) to integrate the informal sector into banking services. The use of AI technology was seen as a potential solution to unify African banking and facilitate smoother exchange of goods and services. The positive sentiment towards this argument implies that AI integration can promote economic growth and inclusivity in the informal sector.

Digital technologies were also highlighted as means to empower women and graduates in starting their businesses. It was argued that digital tools and services can create more opportunities for underrepresented groups and contribute to gender equality and economic growth. This positive sentiment suggests that digital technologies have the potential to foster inclusive economic development.

Another point raised was the need for African economies to diversify in order to withstand tensions and pandemics. The sentiment towards this argument was neutral, indicating that while diversification is important, further actions and strategies are needed to promote diversification and enhance economic resilience in the region.

The importance of Visa as a global payments network working to uplift businesses and support women in Africa was also emphasized. The neutral sentiment towards this argument suggests a balanced view of Visa’s role and potential impact on economic growth and gender equality in the region.

Furthermore, the discussions emphasized the significance of digital inclusion, access to capital, and the removal of discriminatory rules and laws. It was argued that policy interventions are needed to sustainably maintain startups and enable their growth. These interventions also require the use of data to understand and implement effective policies in the informal sector. The positive sentiment towards these arguments indicates a recognition of the importance of supportive policies and data-driven decision-making in promoting inclusive economic growth.

In conclusion, the discussions revolved around various aspects of inclusive economic growth in African countries. The potential of mobile payments, adoption of AI, digital technologies, diversification, and policy interventions were among the key points discussed. The overall sentiment was positive, indicating an optimistic outlook for leveraging these approaches to foster sustainable economic development and reduce inequalities in the region.

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These initiatives demonstrate India’s potential in addressing issues related to language barriers, digitalization, and financing, making it an asset to the WTO.

This includes the formation of the Trade and Gender Committee under the National Trade Facilitation Committee, sensitization and training programs for women and border agencies, the adoption of the ‘gender champion’ concept to assist women traders effectively, and the implementation of a simplified trade regime for women crossing the border with goods worth less than $5,000.

These initiatives demonstrate Ghana’s commitment to ensuring women are empowered and can actively participate in trade, contributing to the overall economic growth of the country.

Digital inclusion and access to digital financial tools are crucial for remote work and business efforts, particularly in rural areas.

Limited access to essential digital tools, such as credit cards, hinders individuals from fully participating in the digital economy. There is a need for solutions to eliminate these barriers and ensure individuals from rural areas have access to digital financial tools.

This will not only facilitate remote work opportunities but also contribute to reducing inequalities and promoting decent work and economic growth.

The analysis also explores the issue of youth representation in politics. It is observed that there is a lack of young people’s representation, and their voices are not being adequately heard.

To address this, the suggestion is made that young people should create their own platforms to amplify their voices and be noticed in political arenas. This would contribute to building stronger institutions and promoting peace, justice, and inclusivity.

Financial inclusivity is another important aspect discussed in the analysis.

The integration of mobile payment solutions with traditional banking methods is seen as essential to ensure financial inclusivity. Many individuals, especially youth, use mobile payments extensively. However, access to Visa cards, which are often required for certain transactions, can be a challenge and may restrict financial participation.

The need for integration between mobile payment solutions and traditional banking methods is thus emphasized to promote financial inclusivity, reduce inequalities, and tackle poverty.

The analysis also points out the importance of policies adapting to technological advancements. While technology is advancing rapidly, policies often lag behind.

There is a need for policies that can keep up with these developments to ensure organizations can effectively utilize successful models and data, thereby enhancing sustainability and contributing to responsible consumption and production.

Finally, the analysis sheds light on the issue of allowing Africans to pay in local currency for digital services.

Currently, the e-commerce moratorium exempts tax on digitally delivered services. However, there are concerns that this moratorium may be under threat, which could have detrimental effects, particularly in Africa. It is argued that platforms like GAFA should work with local partners to enable Africans to pay directly in local currency, rather than relying on hard currencies or mobile visa payments.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights various arguments and discussions on a range of topics.

It emphasizes the potential benefits that India and Ghana can bring to the WTO, the importance of digital inclusion and financial access, the need for improved youth representation in politics, the significance of financial inclusivity and technological adaptation in policies, and the challenges associated with digital payments in African countries.

These insights provide valuable considerations for policymakers and stakeholders to address these issues and promote sustainable development.

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This aligns with the goals of SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities). Visa recognized the opportunities in Africa’s demographics and technological advancements.

During the pandemic, Visa’s Think Tank discovered a surge in women’s entrepreneurship, driven by the acceleration of digitization.

Businesses that experienced growth during this period were more likely to use digital platforms and payments, as well as engage in export. This highlights the positive impact of digital payments on women’s empowerment and economic growth, in line with SDG 5 and SDG 8.

Visa’s initiatives in Africa further demonstrate their commitment to promoting economic growth and innovation.

They have partnered with Safaricom in Kenya to extend the use of M-PESA, a mobile money transfer service, beyond Kenya’s borders. Additionally, Visa has launched the Visa Africa Fintech Accelerator, aimed at supporting local startups and fintechs. They are also working on ensuring interoperability of different payment models across Africa.

These efforts contribute to the goals of SDG 8 and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure).

Additionally, McDonald highlights the importance of disseminating information about digital technologies in an accessible and inclusive manner. Utilizing appropriate channels such as radio stations and newspapers, especially for people in rural areas, can enhance inclusion, aligning with SDG 9 and SDG 10.

McDonald also upholds the importance of language in information sharing, suggesting that utilizing local languages can improve the rate and efficacy of inclusion.

Trade affairs and educational forums are suggested as platforms for teaching about opportunities for financial and economic advancement through digital technologies. These platforms align with the goals of SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 8, and SDG 9.

However, McDonald acknowledges technical issues experienced with Visa mobile payments, indicating the need for further improvement in this area.

The initiatives of India and Ghana in promoting digital financial inclusion are praised.

India focused on digital public infrastructure during its G20 host year, while Ghana is working on direct interventions to facilitate digital financial inclusion. These efforts contribute to the goals of SDG 9 and SDG 10.

McDonald commends young African trade experts for their focus on youth, particularly the inclusion of young women.

Their efforts align with SDG 5 and SDG 8.

Extending the moratorium on certain digital tools and services is seen as crucial to maintaining the availability and offerings of these tools.

Not extending the moratorium could have a negative effect, and the use of these digital tools is vital for achieving SDG 8, SDG 9, and SDG 10.

Visa’s Visa Net Settlement Service is offered in the African continent, providing services in local currency when domestic services are needed.

This contributes to SDG 8 and SDG 10.

In conclusion, Visa’s presence and approach in Africa highlight their dedication to promoting gender equality, economic growth, and reduced inequalities.

Their initiatives in partnership with local entities, support for startups and fintechs, and efforts towards interoperability are ways in which they are contributing to the achievement of the SDGs. Additionally, the positive impact of digital payments on women’s empowerment and the importance of inclusive information dissemination and language accessibility are emphasized.

The initiatives of India and Ghana, as well as the commendation of young African trade experts, further highlight the significance of digital financial inclusion and youth focus.

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Research has shown that countries with higher participation of women entrepreneurs are more competitive.

Additionally, 125 countries signed a joint declaration on women in trade at the Ministerial 2017 in Buenos Aires, showing a global commitment to addressing gender inequalities in international trade.

The African Continental Free Trade Agreement has immense potential for empowering women by improving their financial and digital literacy, increasing their access to capital and opportunities.

Inclusion and participation of women are crucial components of the agreement to ensure that women benefit from the trade opportunities it provides.

The needs of the informal sector include digitalization, training, access to capital, and the removal of discriminatory rules.

Addressing these needs can enhance opportunities for women in the informal sector, leading to improved livelihoods and economic growth.

Standardization in e-commerce, anonymization in public procurement, and high-standard digital trade rules are essential for promoting gender equality and reducing discrimination.

Standardization facilitates fair and efficient business transactions in e-commerce. Anonymization in public procurement projects can mitigate discrimination and increase the number of projects that go to women. High-standard digital trade rules ensure inclusivity and enable women and micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) to benefit from digitalization.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of digital trade and services has increased.

High-standard digital trade and services rules can ensure that women and MSMEs receive the benefits of digitalization. Enhancing digital services trade within the African continent requires sharing best practices and experiences.

Measures related to digital services and market access are crucial for building trust.

Implementing high-standard provisions and providing access to cybersecurity and fraud prevention tools are essential for fostering trust in digital transactions and promoting business growth.

Mobile payments play a transformative role in reducing inequalities, particularly in the African context.

Encouraging diverse solutions and services can create an enabling environment for women and promote financial inclusion.

Examples include trade agreements between the EU and various countries, as well as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP).

Individual companies must take action to implement ILO conventions and promote gender equality and decent work.

While enforcement lies with the companies, support from organizations like the EU and the ILO is essential for monitoring and addressing systematic abuses.

In conclusion, trade has a significant impact on gender equality, and it is crucial to address the differential effects of trade liberalization on men and women.

By involving women in trade, removing obstacles, and improving access to markets and resources, countries can enhance competitiveness and promote gender equality. Including gender provisions in trade agreements, such as those by the EU, contributes to gender equality in international trade.

The African Continental Free Trade Agreement empowers women by addressing their specific needs and promoting standardization and high-standard digital trade rules. Collecting better data on the informal sector informs effective interventions, and addressing the needs of the informal sector, such as digitalization and access to capital, benefits women.

Standardization in e-commerce, anonymization in public procurement, and high-standard digital trade rules reduce discrimination and promote inclusion. Mobile payments promote financial inclusion and reduce inequalities. Finally, including women’s rights in trade agreements and implementing ILO conventions are vital for promoting gender equality and decent work.

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The positive sentiment towards this argument suggests an optimistic outlook for the impact of mobile payments in Africa.

This neutral sentiment highlights the need for further considerations and actions to overcome these barriers.

The positive sentiment towards this argument implies that AI integration can promote economic growth and inclusivity in the informal sector.

This positive sentiment suggests that digital technologies have the potential to foster inclusive economic development.

The importance of Visa as a global payments network working to uplift businesses and support women in Africa was also emphasized.

The neutral sentiment towards this argument suggests a balanced view of Visa’s role and potential impact on economic growth and gender equality in the region.

Furthermore, the discussions emphasized the significance of digital inclusion, access to capital, and the removal of discriminatory rules and laws.

It was argued that policy interventions are needed to sustainably maintain startups and enable their growth. These interventions also require the use of data to understand and implement effective policies in the informal sector. The positive sentiment towards these arguments indicates a recognition of the importance of supportive policies and data-driven decision-making in promoting inclusive economic growth.

In conclusion, the discussions revolved around various aspects of inclusive economic growth in African countries.

The potential of mobile payments, adoption of AI, digital technologies, diversification, and policy interventions were among the key points discussed. The overall sentiment was positive, indicating an optimistic outlook for leveraging these approaches to foster sustainable economic development and reduce inequalities in the region.

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By bringing the unbanked and informal sectors into the financial sector, these individuals can actively participate in the economy and contribute to economic growth.

Mobile payments also hold great promise for the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Africa.

These businesses, often lacking access to traditional banking services, can benefit from mobile payment platforms that enable efficient and secure transactions. This support for MSMEs can foster entrepreneurship, job creation, and economic development.

To ensure the inclusion of the informal sector in the internationalized mobile banking system, digital literacy becomes a crucial factor.

Initiatives are proposed to progressively incorporate the informal sector into banking through enhanced digital literacy programs. This approach aims to empower individuals in the informal sector to navigate and utilize mobile banking solutions effectively.

The process of internationalizing mobile banking should begin with a small-scale approach, initially focusing on the leading languages in Africa.

Gradually, other languages should be included to ensure accessibility and a universal banking system that facilitates transactions and exchanges of goods and services across the continent.

The inclusion of digital technologies in Africa’s economy can help lower reliance on the informal sector, which is associated with high unemployment rates and limited economic diversification.

The adoption and integration of digital technologies can drive innovation, enhance productivity, and contribute to a more diverse and sustainable economy.

Regulation and supervision of digital technologies are important for fostering innovation, safeguarding financial stability, and protecting consumers.

A balanced approach is necessary to create an enabling environment that supports technological advancements while ensuring compliance with regulatory standards.

Mobile payment services, such as Orange Money, offer their own Visa Card, providing youths with access to financial services without requiring a traditional bank account.

This inclusion of youths in the financial sector is crucial, as they hold valuable insights and perspectives that can drive innovation and bridge potential generational gaps.

The commendable efforts made in India and Ghana towards boosting inter-country trade through the adoption of digital technologies are noteworthy.

India’s United Payment Interface has been instrumental in lowering transaction costs, while Ghana’s partnership with the Pan-African Payment Settlement System has facilitated cross-border trade. These examples demonstrate the transformative potential of digital technologies in fostering economic cooperation and integration.

Furthermore, when discussing digital technology and youth, it is important to ensure gender balance in the conversation.

While women are often the focus of gender equality efforts, it is equally important to include male youth in discussions to ensure a comprehensive understanding and address the needs of all genders.

Through concerted efforts and strategic initiatives, Africa can harness the transformative power of digital technologies and leverage them to forge a prosperous and inclusive future.

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Notably, women and youth form the largest part of the informal sector in Africa, underscoring their importance in this sector.

As a result, most market women can only use their phones to make calls due to low literacy levels. This highlights the need for simple solutions that can enable market women to fully utilize digital platforms and expand their businesses.

Another challenge identified is the issue of affordability in telecommunication products and services in Africa.

It is noted that making a call from Ghana to Togo is more expensive than making a call from Europe to Germany. This lack of affordability hinders market women from taking full advantage of their limited knowledge and expertise. Therefore, it is crucial to address this issue by providing affordable telecommunication products and services that can empower market women and facilitate their participation in economic activities.

The analysis also emphasizes the importance of involving and informing informal traders about the African Continental Free Trade Area.

It is highlighted that most market women are unaware of this trade agreement, and the lack of information and complex language of trade agreements hinder their effective implementation. Therefore, there is a need to translate trade agreements into easily understandable language for market women to ensure their meaningful participation in the economic benefits of the African Continental Free Trade Area.

Furthermore, the analysis criticizes the government’s hasty approach to formalizing the informal sector through counterproductive interventions.

Specifically, the introduction of a 1.5% tax on withdrawals in Ghana resulted in a 20% drop in mobile money transactions. Instead of imposing burdensome taxes, the government is urged to adopt a collaborative approach that enables a seamless transition of the informal sector into the formal economy.

The lack of comprehensive understanding and data collection on the informal sector is identified as a major hindrance to effective policy interventions.

The analysis argues that the informal sector is intricate, with different needs, skills, and capacities. Current initiatives and interventions tend to broadly categorize the entire informal sector and may not address the unique needs of its different aspects. Additionally, the scarcity of data on the informal sector makes it challenging to design appropriate policies that can effectively support this sector.

To address this issue, the analysis suggests increasing and improving data collection on the informal sector in Africa.

The availability of more data would allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the various intricacies of the informal sector and would aid in the formulation of targeted and effective policy interventions.

Lastly, the analysis highlights the importance of renewing the moratorium in trade, particularly in the interest of women.

Renewing the moratorium is seen as a cost-effective way to include women in trade, with minimal costs compared to the potential gains that would be made by including women in the trade sector. However, the analysis does not provide supporting arguments or evidence for this point.

In conclusion, the analysis sheds light on key aspects of the informal sector in African economies and the crucial role of women in this sector.

It underlines the need for simpler digital platforms, affordable telecommunication products and services, and informed participation in trade agreements to unlock the potential of the informal sector. Additionally, the analysis emphasizes the importance of a collaborative approach, comprehensive data collection, and renewing the moratorium in trade to foster inclusive and sustainable economic growth in Africa.

Whose Internet? Towards a Feminist Digital Future for Africa | IGF 2023 Open Forum #59

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The ISOC Alumni network has achieved significant milestones in its efforts to promote internet governance. They have conducted a series of workshops on diverse topics, such as artificial intelligence and encryption. These workshops have educated internet society members and youth ambassadors about crucial issues in the digital sphere. Additionally, the network has organized huddle sessions at renowned international conferences such as ICANN, Wright’s Con, and Eurodig. These sessions have provided a platform for networking and knowledge sharing among the participants.

Another noteworthy accomplishment of the ISOC Alumni network is their involvement in welcoming new Youth Ambassadors. By assisting in the meet and greet process, the network ensures a smooth transition and integration for these ambassadors into their roles. This support contributes to the development of a strong and effective youth community within the internet governance landscape.

During the audience interaction, questions were raised about the importance of youth initiatives in promoting internet governance. The audience also expressed interest in the involvement of ISOC Alumni in advocacy and decision-making spaces. In response, it was emphasized that the network actively participates in advocacy efforts and collaborates with various stakeholders. The audience suggested that the ISOC Alumni network should play a more active role in advocacy and engage in decision-making spaces like the Global Digital Compact. Furthermore, the audience encouraged alumni members to support each other in advocacy work within their respective countries.

In addition to the main points discussed, an observation was made regarding the challenges faced by global teams within the network. Specifically, the issue of scheduling difficulties due to different time zones was highlighted. This insight indicates the need for better time management strategies and effective communication among global teams to overcome these challenges.

In conclusion, the ISOC Alumni network has made commendable achievements in promoting internet governance through workshops, huddle sessions, and support for Youth Ambassadors. The audience’s feedback underscores the importance of youth initiatives and advocacy. The network is encouraged to further engage in advocacy efforts and participate in decision-making spaces. Additionally, the observation regarding scheduling challenges highlights the need to address time zone differences for enhanced collaboration among global teams. Overall, the ISOC Alumni network continues to play a vital role in shaping the future of internet governance.

Speaker

The USAGF, or the United States Alumni Global Fund, functions as a local platform that promotes knowledge application and fosters collaboration among individuals. It provides opportunities for organizing local events and discussions, facilitating the exchange of ideas and the formation of meaningful partnerships. This platform aims to harness the expertise and experiences of its members to tackle various challenges and contribute to sustainable development. The Internet Society has established an alumni network that offers valuable networking and capacity building opportunities. The alumni are connected through various fellowships and meetings, including ICANN meetings, RightsCon meetings, and regional IGFs (Internet Governance Forums). This extensive network not only provides a supportive community for its members but also serves as a gateway to various internet ecosystems. By providing support and sharing crucial information, the network enables easy entry and active participation in relevant initiatives. The Internet Society has introduced alumni huddles to further enhance collaboration and learning among its alumni. These huddles create a platform for individuals to connect, share experiences, and learn from each other. Through these collaborative settings, alumni can foster meaningful relationships, exchange knowledge, and develop innovative solutions to common challenges. Alumni huddles play a crucial role in facilitating networking opportunities and promoting continuous learning within the alumni community. The speaker in this context advocates for increased participation in the alumni network. Recognizing the immense value of being part of such a vibrant community, the speaker encourages all alumni to join and actively engage in the network. By broadening the network and fostering greater participation, the alumni community can maximize its potential to support quality education and contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. In conclusion, the USAGF and Internet Society’s alumni network are powerful platforms that enable knowledge sharing, collaboration, networking, and capacity building. These initiatives play a vital role in promoting sustainable development, supporting quality education, and fostering partnerships for the goals outlined in the SDGs. The call for increased participation serves as a reminder of the significant impact that active engagement within the alumni community can have on individuals and society as a whole.

Saba Tiku Beyene

Saba Tiku Beyene actively participates in the ‘Toolkit for Youth Participation in Internet Governance’ project, which aims to provide reliable and user-friendly information to young individuals interested in internet governance. The project encompasses a model Internet Governance Forum (IGF) and a concept note paper. With pathways for engagement at both the global and regional/national levels, the toolkit ensures inclusivity and empowers young people from diverse backgrounds to contribute to internet governance.

In addition to her project work, Saba is an advocate for the Internet Society’s (ISOC) youth ambassador program. Having been an alumna of the program, she recognizes the networking and professional growth opportunities it offers. Saba believes that participating in the ISOC youth ambassador program can lead to advocating for an open internet and becoming an expert in the field.

Saba Tiku Beyene’s involvement in the ‘Toolkit for Youth Participation in Internet Governance’ project and her support for the ISOC youth ambassador program demonstrate her commitment to empowering young people in shaping the future of internet governance. Her initiatives strive for a more inclusive, accessible, and equitable internet governance landscape.

Nicolas Fiumarelli

The ISOC Alumni Network plays a pivotal role in internet governance, conducting over 20 activities a year that focus on vital topics such as encryption and internet fragmentation. These activities include workshops and huddles, serving as platforms for brainstorming sessions, the exchange of ideas and information, and shared learning experiences among the alumni and new members of the ISOC cohorts. The 2023 monthly workshops will cover diverse themes like AI governance and interplanetary networks, highlighting the network’s commitment to staying at the forefront of emerging trends and technologies.

The alumni network’s activities not only contribute to strengthening bonds among its members but also advocate for an open and interconnected network. By resonating with ISOC’s mission of advocating for an open, interconnected network, these activities promote the values of inclusivity, collaboration, and volunteerism. The sense of camaraderie and support within the network is further bolstered by ISOC Alumni coffee chats, which offer a space for casual meetings within a tight-knit community. These chats are facilitated by Lily, who is responsible for creating an environment that highlights the value of casual connections within the network.

Moreover, the alumni huddles have played an instrumental role in fostering networking, collaboration, and learning. These huddles take place at different meeting points, including ICANN meetings, RightsCon meetings, and the regional Internet Governance Forums (IGFs). They provide opportunities for alumni to come together, exchange insights, and build valuable connections that contribute to their professional growth and development. Collaboration and learning are further promoted through ISOC workshops, which cover a diverse range of topics including internet fragmentation, AI governance, encryption, and more. These workshops feature senior speakers and alumni, who share their knowledge and experiences with the attendees.

Nicolas, a member of the alumni network, has shown strong positivity and satisfaction towards the accomplishments and contributions of the network. He is optimistic about future collaborations and the value they will bring. Throughout the year, the network has conducted various workshops, huddles, and coffee chats, all of which have been voluntary efforts. These activities have not only helped build strong relationships but have also disseminated knowledge and gained valuable insights on a wide range of topics.

One challenge that has been identified during global meetings is the issue of time zones. The universal meeting time of 13 UTC does not work well for members in the East of the Asia Pacific region. To address this, there is openness to the idea of parallel meetings at different times. In the past, activities have been duplicated at different hours to accommodate various time zones, ensuring inclusivity and participation from all members.

Overall, the ISOC Alumni Network is a significant platform comprising individuals who amplify its voice and mission through their respective organizations. The network’s dedication to internet governance, its commitment to staying up-to-date with emerging trends, and its focus on fostering strong relationships and collaboration make it an invaluable force in shaping the future of the internet.

Lily Edinam Botsyoe

The ISOC Alumni Network organises monthly coffee chat sessions to facilitate discussions on topics related to ISOC’s action plan. These coffee chats have been taking place for the past nine months, and the upcoming 10th session is scheduled for the 18th of October. The chats aim to create spaces where enthusiastic ISOC alumni can continue learning and collaborating towards upholding ISOC’s action plan.

Lily, a prominent member of the network, emphasises the significance of these coffee chat sessions in several ways. Firstly, these sessions serve as platforms to discuss cross-cutting issues, incorporating the voices of young individuals and fostering the growth of the network at the grassroots level. The approach of these coffee chats involves a 30-minute expert talk, followed by an open discussion. The discussions cover a wide range of topics, including encryption and gender bias in AI. This diverse range of subjects ensures that the alumni engage in meaningful conversations and gain valuable insights.

Lily calls upon ISOC alumni who have not yet participated in the coffee chats to join the discussions actively. She encourages them to take on roles as hosts or speakers, further enriching the conversations and bringing forth fresh perspectives. The coffee chat sessions provide a relaxed and inclusive environment where participants can freely ask questions and express their thoughts. At the end of each chat, action points are provided for attendees to implement, aligning the discussions with tangible outcomes and empowerment.

Additionally, there are also coffee chats available for support and resource sharing, which contribute to the overall advocacy and youth empowerment efforts. These chat sessions enable alumni to connect, exchange ideas, and collaborate post-discussion through the Alumni mailing list. This communication channel facilitates ongoing collaboration and potentially opens up opportunities for global collaboration in the future.

Overall, the regular coffee chat sessions organised by the ISOC Alumni Network serve as crucial platforms for discourse, engagement, and personal growth. Through these sessions, alumni can actively contribute to ISOC’s action plan, foster inclusivity, and further the network’s impact in advocating for young people and providing support and resources. With a focus on diverse topics, active participation, and action-oriented outcomes, the coffee chats play a significant role in nurturing a thriving community of alumni committed to making a positive difference.

Ananda Gautam

Ananda, a coordinator from Nepal, plays a significant role in Youth IGF Nepal, an organization that annually organizes youth-led versions of Internet governance forums. A notable aspect of their work is the inclusion of multiple stakeholders in these sessions, ensuring a diverse range of perspectives is represented. The positive sentiment surrounding Youth IGF Nepal is further reinforced by their strong belief in empowering and building the capacity of young people. To support this belief, they actively send fellows to the India School on Internet Governance and encourage community members to apply for fellowship programs.

Ananda and their team are integral members of the Digital Freedom Coalition, which organizes the Digital Freedom Summit on a yearly basis. The positive sentiment surrounding this coalition can be attributed to their commitment to promoting peace, justice, and strong institutions, as well as fostering industry and innovation. Ananda’s team is a founding member of the Digital Freedom Coalition, highlighting their dedication to digital freedom and shaping the digital space.

One of Ananda’s core stances is supporting collaboration and interaction between various stakeholders to address pressing issues in the digital space. They actively invite multiple stakeholders to collaborate and work together on current internet issues. Furthermore, they extend invitations to other stakeholders, fostering discussions at the Digital Freedom Summit, which serves as a platform to address challenging topics within the digital realm. This approach reflects Ananda’s commitment to leveraging partnerships and achieving the goals of peace, justice, and strong institutions, as outlined in SDG 16.

In conclusion, Ananda’s work demonstrates a strong commitment to youth involvement, empowerment, and capacity building in the field of Internet governance. Their involvement in the Digital Freedom Coalition further illustrates their dedication to shaping the digital space and promoting collaboration between stakeholders. By organizing Youth IGF Nepal events and actively participating in the Digital Freedom Summit, Ananda actively contributes to discussions on pressing issues in the digital realm. Their efforts contribute towards achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions), and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals).

Marco Paloski

The Youth Coalition on Internet Governance is a vital organisation that plays a significant role in enabling young people to comprehend the complex world of internet governance. By engaging individuals under the age of 35, the Coalition collaborates with them in various ways, including preparing proposals for Internet Governance Forum (IGF) sessions. This provides young people with an opportunity to contribute their ideas and perspectives to the global internet governance dialogue. Active participation in these discussions helps the Coalition empower young individuals to understand and shape the policies and frameworks governing the internet.

In addition to their involvement in IGF sessions, the Coalition also assists young people by sharing valuable job opportunities related to internet governance. By disseminating information about these opportunities, the Coalition ensures that young individuals have access to relevant career prospects in this field, thereby contributing to SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth. The Coalition further keeps young people updated about various events and happenings in the internet governance space through a bi-weekly newsletter. This serves as a valuable resource for young individuals to stay informed about new developments, conferences, and fellowship opportunities.

Recognising the importance of mentorship for young people new to the field of internet governance, the Coalition runs a mentorship program in collaboration with the Internet Society. This program provides crucial guidance and support to cohorts of youth ambassadors, helping them navigate the intricacies of the internet governance landscape and gain practical experience. Through this mentorship program, the Coalition contributes to SDG 4: Quality Education by enhancing the skills and knowledge of young individuals pursuing a career in internet governance.

Networking is emphasised as an essential aspect of the Coalition’s work. Marco, a representative of the Coalition, highlighted the significance of networking in collaborating with other young individuals in the internet governance space. Building connections, exchanging ideas, and forging partnerships with like-minded individuals and organisations allows the Coalition to strengthen the collective voice of young people in shaping the future of the internet.

In conclusion, the Youth Coalition on Internet Governance plays a pivotal role in empowering young individuals to understand and actively participate in internet governance. Through activities such as preparing proposals for IGF sessions, sharing job opportunities, and running a mentorship program in collaboration with the Internet Society, the Coalition provides invaluable support and resources to young individuals pursuing a career in this field. By emphasising the importance of networking, the Coalition fosters a community of passionate young people united in their efforts to shape the future of internet governance. Their dedication and commitment contribute to SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities, SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions, and SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals.

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The chats aim to create spaces where enthusiastic ISOC alumni can continue learning and collaborating towards upholding ISOC’s action plan.

Lily, a prominent member of the network, emphasises the significance of these coffee chat sessions in several ways.

Firstly, these sessions serve as platforms to discuss cross-cutting issues, incorporating the voices of young individuals and fostering the growth of the network at the grassroots level. The approach of these coffee chats involves a 30-minute expert talk, followed by an open discussion.

The discussions cover a wide range of topics, including encryption and gender bias in AI. This diverse range of subjects ensures that the alumni engage in meaningful conversations and gain valuable insights.

Lily calls upon ISOC alumni who have not yet participated in the coffee chats to join the discussions actively.

She encourages them to take on roles as hosts or speakers, further enriching the conversations and bringing forth fresh perspectives. The coffee chat sessions provide a relaxed and inclusive environment where participants can freely ask questions and express their thoughts.

At the end of each chat, action points are provided for attendees to implement, aligning the discussions with tangible outcomes and empowerment.

Additionally, there are also coffee chats available for support and resource sharing, which contribute to the overall advocacy and youth empowerment efforts.

These chat sessions enable alumni to connect, exchange ideas, and collaborate post-discussion through the Alumni mailing list. This communication channel facilitates ongoing collaboration and potentially opens up opportunities for global collaboration in the future.

Overall, the regular coffee chat sessions organised by the ISOC Alumni Network serve as crucial platforms for discourse, engagement, and personal growth.

Through these sessions, alumni can actively contribute to ISOC’s action plan, foster inclusivity, and further the network’s impact in advocating for young people and providing support and resources. With a focus on diverse topics, active participation, and action-oriented outcomes, the coffee chats play a significant role in nurturing a thriving community of alumni committed to making a positive difference.

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The positive sentiment surrounding Youth IGF Nepal is further reinforced by their strong belief in empowering and building the capacity of young people. To support this belief, they actively send fellows to the India School on Internet Governance and encourage community members to apply for fellowship programs.

Ananda and their team are integral members of the Digital Freedom Coalition, which organizes the Digital Freedom Summit on a yearly basis.

The positive sentiment surrounding this coalition can be attributed to their commitment to promoting peace, justice, and strong institutions, as well as fostering industry and innovation. Ananda’s team is a founding member of the Digital Freedom Coalition, highlighting their dedication to digital freedom and shaping the digital space.

One of Ananda’s core stances is supporting collaboration and interaction between various stakeholders to address pressing issues in the digital space.

They actively invite multiple stakeholders to collaborate and work together on current internet issues. Furthermore, they extend invitations to other stakeholders, fostering discussions at the Digital Freedom Summit, which serves as a platform to address challenging topics within the digital realm.

This approach reflects Ananda’s commitment to leveraging partnerships and achieving the goals of peace, justice, and strong institutions, as outlined in SDG 16.

In conclusion, Ananda’s work demonstrates a strong commitment to youth involvement, empowerment, and capacity building in the field of Internet governance.

Their involvement in the Digital Freedom Coalition further illustrates their dedication to shaping the digital space and promoting collaboration between stakeholders. By organizing Youth IGF Nepal events and actively participating in the Digital Freedom Summit, Ananda actively contributes to discussions on pressing issues in the digital realm.

Their efforts contribute towards achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions), and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals).

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Additionally, the network has organized huddle sessions at renowned international conferences such as ICANN, Wright’s Con, and Eurodig. These sessions have provided a platform for networking and knowledge sharing among the participants.

Another noteworthy accomplishment of the ISOC Alumni network is their involvement in welcoming new Youth Ambassadors.

By assisting in the meet and greet process, the network ensures a smooth transition and integration for these ambassadors into their roles. This support contributes to the development of a strong and effective youth community within the internet governance landscape.

During the audience interaction, questions were raised about the importance of youth initiatives in promoting internet governance.

The audience also expressed interest in the involvement of ISOC Alumni in advocacy and decision-making spaces. In response, it was emphasized that the network actively participates in advocacy efforts and collaborates with various stakeholders. The audience suggested that the ISOC Alumni network should play a more active role in advocacy and engage in decision-making spaces like the Global Digital Compact.

Furthermore, the audience encouraged alumni members to support each other in advocacy work within their respective countries.

In addition to the main points discussed, an observation was made regarding the challenges faced by global teams within the network.

Specifically, the issue of scheduling difficulties due to different time zones was highlighted. This insight indicates the need for better time management strategies and effective communication among global teams to overcome these challenges.

In conclusion, the ISOC Alumni network has made commendable achievements in promoting internet governance through workshops, huddle sessions, and support for Youth Ambassadors.

The audience’s feedback underscores the importance of youth initiatives and advocacy. The network is encouraged to further engage in advocacy efforts and participate in decision-making spaces. Additionally, the observation regarding scheduling challenges highlights the need to address time zone differences for enhanced collaboration among global teams.

Overall, the ISOC Alumni network continues to play a vital role in shaping the future of internet governance.

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This provides young people with an opportunity to contribute their ideas and perspectives to the global internet governance dialogue. Active participation in these discussions helps the Coalition empower young individuals to understand and shape the policies and frameworks governing the internet.

In addition to their involvement in IGF sessions, the Coalition also assists young people by sharing valuable job opportunities related to internet governance.

By disseminating information about these opportunities, the Coalition ensures that young individuals have access to relevant career prospects in this field, thereby contributing to SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth. The Coalition further keeps young people updated about various events and happenings in the internet governance space through a bi-weekly newsletter.

This serves as a valuable resource for young individuals to stay informed about new developments, conferences, and fellowship opportunities.

Recognising the importance of mentorship for young people new to the field of internet governance, the Coalition runs a mentorship program in collaboration with the Internet Society.

This program provides crucial guidance and support to cohorts of youth ambassadors, helping them navigate the intricacies of the internet governance landscape and gain practical experience. Through this mentorship program, the Coalition contributes to SDG 4: Quality Education by enhancing the skills and knowledge of young individuals pursuing a career in internet governance.

Networking is emphasised as an essential aspect of the Coalition’s work.

Marco, a representative of the Coalition, highlighted the significance of networking in collaborating with other young individuals in the internet governance space. Building connections, exchanging ideas, and forging partnerships with like-minded individuals and organisations allows the Coalition to strengthen the collective voice of young people in shaping the future of the internet.

In conclusion, the Youth Coalition on Internet Governance plays a pivotal role in empowering young individuals to understand and actively participate in internet governance.

Through activities such as preparing proposals for IGF sessions, sharing job opportunities, and running a mentorship program in collaboration with the Internet Society, the Coalition provides invaluable support and resources to young individuals pursuing a career in this field. By emphasising the importance of networking, the Coalition fosters a community of passionate young people united in their efforts to shape the future of internet governance.

Their dedication and commitment contribute to SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities, SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions, and SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals.

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The 2023 monthly workshops will cover diverse themes like AI governance and interplanetary networks, highlighting the network’s commitment to staying at the forefront of emerging trends and technologies.

The alumni network’s activities not only contribute to strengthening bonds among its members but also advocate for an open and interconnected network.

By resonating with ISOC’s mission of advocating for an open, interconnected network, these activities promote the values of inclusivity, collaboration, and volunteerism. The sense of camaraderie and support within the network is further bolstered by ISOC Alumni coffee chats, which offer a space for casual meetings within a tight-knit community.

These chats are facilitated by Lily, who is responsible for creating an environment that highlights the value of casual connections within the network.

Moreover, the alumni huddles have played an instrumental role in fostering networking, collaboration, and learning.

These huddles take place at different meeting points, including ICANN meetings, RightsCon meetings, and the regional Internet Governance Forums (IGFs). They provide opportunities for alumni to come together, exchange insights, and build valuable connections that contribute to their professional growth and development.

Collaboration and learning are further promoted through ISOC workshops, which cover a diverse range of topics including internet fragmentation, AI governance, encryption, and more. These workshops feature senior speakers and alumni, who share their knowledge and experiences with the attendees.

Nicolas, a member of the alumni network, has shown strong positivity and satisfaction towards the accomplishments and contributions of the network.

He is optimistic about future collaborations and the value they will bring. Throughout the year, the network has conducted various workshops, huddles, and coffee chats, all of which have been voluntary efforts. These activities have not only helped build strong relationships but have also disseminated knowledge and gained valuable insights on a wide range of topics.

One challenge that has been identified during global meetings is the issue of time zones.

The universal meeting time of 13 UTC does not work well for members in the East of the Asia Pacific region. To address this, there is openness to the idea of parallel meetings at different times. In the past, activities have been duplicated at different hours to accommodate various time zones, ensuring inclusivity and participation from all members.

Overall, the ISOC Alumni Network is a significant platform comprising individuals who amplify its voice and mission through their respective organizations.

The network’s dedication to internet governance, its commitment to staying up-to-date with emerging trends, and its focus on fostering strong relationships and collaboration make it an invaluable force in shaping the future of the internet.

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This platform aims to harness the expertise and experiences of its members to tackle various challenges and contribute to sustainable development. The Internet Society has established an alumni network that offers valuable networking and capacity building opportunities. The alumni are connected through various fellowships and meetings, including ICANN meetings, RightsCon meetings, and regional IGFs (Internet Governance Forums).

This extensive network not only provides a supportive community for its members but also serves as a gateway to various internet ecosystems. By providing support and sharing crucial information, the network enables easy entry and active participation in relevant initiatives.

The Internet Society has introduced alumni huddles to further enhance collaboration and learning among its alumni. These huddles create a platform for individuals to connect, share experiences, and learn from each other. Through these collaborative settings, alumni can foster meaningful relationships, exchange knowledge, and develop innovative solutions to common challenges.

Alumni huddles play a crucial role in facilitating networking opportunities and promoting continuous learning within the alumni community. The speaker in this context advocates for increased participation in the alumni network. Recognizing the immense value of being part of such a vibrant community, the speaker encourages all alumni to join and actively engage in the network.

By broadening the network and fostering greater participation, the alumni community can maximize its potential to support quality education and contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. In conclusion, the USAGF and Internet Society’s alumni network are powerful platforms that enable knowledge sharing, collaboration, networking, and capacity building.

These initiatives play a vital role in promoting sustainable development, supporting quality education, and fostering partnerships for the goals outlined in the SDGs. The call for increased participation serves as a reminder of the significant impact that active engagement within the alumni community can have on individuals and society as a whole.

UNECA Role in the Internet Ecosystem in Africa | IGF 2023 Open Forum #110

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Dr Mactar Seck

The African Internet Governance Forum (IGF) was initiated by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) in Nairobi over a decade ago. Since then, it has played a significant role in increasing internet access in Africa. In 2006, internet access in Africa was a mere 2.6 percent, compared to Europe’s 39 percent. However, by 2022, Africa’s internet access has significantly improved, reaching 40 percent. This progress is a testament to the importance of the African IGF and its efforts in bridging the digital divide.

Dr. Seck stresses the importance of ECA’s role in initiating the African IGF and the need to increase African representation in global internet governance. Currently, African participation in the Global IGF is relatively low. To address this issue, Dr. Seck believes there’s a need for better organization of the African Multistakeholder Advisory Group (MAG) and the secretariat to involve more participants in the global IGF process. The ECA has set up a task force to propose ways to improve African participation in the African and global IGF.

Capacity-building programs are also advocated by Dr. Seck to improve the knowledge and skills of parliamentarians, government members, and the technical community in internet governance. The ECA is developing capacity-building programs for parliamentarians and planning programs for the technical community to discuss technical issues related to the IGF.

While the importance of the IGF is recognized, there is a need to improve governments’ understanding of its purpose and function. The IGF is not a decision-making platform, but rather a forum for exchange and discussion. Therefore, there is a need to provide more information to governments about the IGF to enhance their understanding and engagement.

The impact of digital technology on GDP is another area of concern. A study is being prepared to measure the impact of digital technology on GDP. However, there is a lack of appropriate tools to measure the impacts of digital services like FinTech, e-commerce platforms, and e-government services. Ministers of finance need a better understanding of the impact of digital technology on GDP.

Government participation in the IGF is also a challenge. Most of the participants in the IGF come from civil society, the private sector, and academia, with limited representation from the government side. Efforts should be made to address this imbalance and encourage greater government participation in the IGF.

The establishment of a unified network, known as “One Network,” is another topic of discussion. However, there are challenges around various laws and regulations between countries, as well as between Anglophone and Francophone countries. The African free trade area and the African digital single market could facilitate the establishment of one network, taking into account regional laws and regulations.

Lastly, regulation and political commitment have an impact on the cost of digital inclusion. While the necessary infrastructure is available, the cost of digital inclusion can be affected by regulation and political commitment. Operators define the costs, and therefore it is important to address regulation and ensure political commitment for affordable digital inclusion.

In conclusion, the African Internet Governance Forum has made significant strides in improving internet access in Africa. However, efforts must continue to enhance African representation and participation in global internet governance. Capacity-building programs, improved understanding among governments, measurement of the impact of digital technology on GDP, increased government participation, and addressing regional laws and regulations are all crucial steps in achieving these goals. Affordable and inclusive digital access can only be achieved through a comprehensive and collaborative approach.

Hurry Ali Madi

Africa’s young population and its rapid urbanization present a tremendous opportunity for digital transformation. Being the youngest and most rapidly urbanizing continent, there is significant potential for leveraging digital technologies to drive economic growth and development in Africa. This includes improving education, creating job opportunities, and addressing social and economic challenges through technology.

The Internet Governance Forum (IGF) is a recognised platform for discussing the potential and challenges of the internet. It provides an avenue for stakeholders to come together and discuss various aspects of internet governance, including digital opportunities and challenges. Through inclusive discussions, the IGF facilitates knowledge exchange, allowing for the development of effective policies and strategies.

Leaders play a crucial role in driving digital transformation. They must demonstrate commitment, willingness to change, and a willingness to experiment. By leading by example, leaders can inspire others to embrace digital technologies and drive innovation. This transformative mindset is vital to adapt to the rapidly changing digital landscape and ensure that organisations and societies can thrive in the digital era.

Improving digital skills is essential for achieving digital transformation. By equipping individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills, they can fully participate in the digital economy and leverage technology to address social and economic challenges. Quality education plays a significant role in enhancing digital skills, and it should be prioritised to prepare individuals for the digital age.

Collaboration and coordination are crucial for progress in digital transformation. Stakeholders from various sectors need to work together, sharing resources, knowledge, and expertise to drive innovation and overcome challenges. By promoting partnerships, collaborations, and knowledge sharing, the collective impact of digital transformation efforts can be maximised.

Creating common digital infrastructure and developing local content and language are essential for ensuring affordability and accessibility of digital devices for diverse communities. By producing digital devices locally, affordability can be improved, making them more accessible to a wider range of people. Additionally, developing local content in indigenous languages makes digital content more understandable and relatable to local communities, further enhancing accessibility.

In conclusion, Africa’s young and rapidly urbanizing population presents a unique opportunity for digital transformation. Through initiatives like the Internet Governance Forum, leaders demonstrating commitment, improving digital skills, fostering collaboration, and creating common digital infrastructure and local content, Africa can harness the potential of technology to drive economic growth and development, address social and economic challenges, and create a more inclusive and sustainable future.

Onika Mwakatumbula

The analysis highlights several challenges and potential solutions for internet connectivity in Africa. It argues that Africa needs to go beyond basic internet connection and aim for meaningful connectivity because COVID-19 has exposed deep inequalities and gaps in basic connection standards. The vision for digital transformation in Africa requires more than just basic connectivity.

Government and private sector investments are deemed necessary for infrastructure development to improve internet connectivity. The Moonshot Report estimates that Africa needs $109 billion in infrastructure investment. It also points out that there are still many areas in Africa that lack any coverage, and infrastructure investment can address this issue.

The high cost and lack of affordability of smart devices are major barriers to internet connectivity. People in the low-income quintiles in Africa are spending 40% to 60% of their average household income to purchase one smart device. Additionally, high digital taxation is seen as a burden on the sector, further impacting affordability.

The current definition of a connected person is considered inadequate and needs revision. Currently, a connected person is defined as someone who accesses the internet once every three months. However, the analysis argues that daily access and unlimited data should be the goal.

The need for public access solutions to supplement individual internet access is highlighted. Affordability is a major issue affecting internet access, and public access can help bridge the gap for individuals who cannot afford their own connection.

The cost of internet connectivity is a significant challenge in the region, making it unaffordable for many. The analysis states that 1 gig of data at no more than 2% of the average monthly income is still unaffordable for many Africans. South Africa meets this standard only for the top 20% income earners, highlighting the economic inequality.

To make internet connectivity more affordable, market competition needs to be promoted. Currently, many African economies operate as duopolies, which hinders affordability. Increasing competition in the market can lead to lower prices and better availability of internet services.

Community networks and public access options are seen as potential solutions to close the economic digital divide. Existing community networks in Africa have a high meaningful activity score, indicating their effectiveness. Different digital technologies and financial models have been tested and proven successful in these networks.

The analysis identifies the need for proper implementation of policies promoting infrastructure sharing. Currently, infrastructure sharing across utilities, especially with roads and electricity, is not well-implemented. Examples of countries struggling with implementation include Mozambique, Ghana, and Nigeria.

Gender equality and the inclusion of women in the digital economy and revolution are highlighted. Women who were connected during COVID-19 were able to weather the loss of income and pivot to online opportunities. Excluding women from the digital economy has a significant economic impact, with government losses estimated at about a trillion dollars.

The analysis criticizes poor practices of adopting digital taxation from other jurisdictions, which negatively impact affordability. Digital taxation has mostly been consumer-facing, affecting the cost of internet use. For example, Nigeria has 27 unique taxes that contribute to the high cost of internet services.

Evidence-based research is deemed essential for effective policy-making. It is believed that evidence-based policy-making will lead to better results and effectiveness in improving internet connectivity.

Notably, Uganda’s use of Universal Service Funds to supply smart tablets to female-led households is seen as a positive step towards promoting gender equality and digital inclusion. Additionally, the country’s development of a curriculum to train policy-makers on centering gender in ICT policies is also viewed positively.

In conclusion, the analysis underscores the need for Africa to go beyond basic internet connectivity and aim for meaningful connectivity. Government and private sector investments, affordable smart devices, revised definitions of a connected person, public access solutions, market competition, infrastructure sharing, gender equality, evidence-based research, and intentional inclusion of women in the digital revolution are crucial for improving internet connectivity in Africa.

Audience

The discussion on internet governance in Africa covered a wide range of topics and highlighted several key points. One crucial aspect was the need for youth empowerment and representation in national and regional Internet Governance Forums (IGFs). Emmanuel Vitus, the convener of the Togo IGF and the coordinator of the West African School of Internet Governance, played a significant role in this regard.

The importance of linguistic diversity and inclusive learning was also emphasized. It was argued that language should not be a barrier to the inclusion of African youth in internet governance discussions. Africa consists of 29 French-speaking countries and about six Portuguese-speaking countries. Efforts should be made to ensure that all African youth have equal access to these forums.

Another area of interest was measuring the impact of young fellows after their term at the national and regional level. The discussion revolved around evaluating the effectiveness of youth fellowship programs and finding better ways to assess their impact.

The role of youth advocacy and global communication in internet governance was also discussed. It emphasized the need to amplify the voices of young people on the global platform and convey their messages effectively.

The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) was recognized for its efforts to expand inclusion through languages. However, it was highlighted that 58% of internet content is in English, indicating the need for more diversity and inclusion in internet governance discussions.

The increase in electrification in rural areas, specifically in Tanzania, was seen as a positive development. It was noted that over a span of 6-7 years, electrification reached 3000 villages in Tanzania. However, political will is needed to further increase electrification in rural areas.

The underrepresentation of Africa’s private sector was also discussed. The Global North was described as more advanced in this regard, while the Global South, particularly Africa, requires more organization and participation. Efforts from UNECA, specifically Dr. Mata’s sake and the late Makan Faye, were acknowledged, with a call for increased engagement and support from the private sector.

The potential of the internet to increase per capita GDP was explored through UNECA’s study. It concluded that the full deployment of the internet could significantly boost per capita GDP in Africa, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing internet infrastructure development.

The role of government engagement in understanding and valuing the importance of the internet for economic well-being was highlighted. Some governments were noted to have shut down the internet due to disagreements with social media posts, indicating the need for better government understanding and support.

The use of TV white spaces and solar panels for powering data centers was regarded as a way to enhance technological reach and sustainability. TV white spaces, which are dispersed areas that established telecom might not reach, could play a significant role in ensuring connectivity in remote areas. The use of solar panels to power data centers was seen as an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy solution.

The implementation of a unified network across Africa was desired, aiming to enhance connectivity and facilitate communication between countries in the region.

The importance of government involvement in internet governance forums was emphasized. It was noted that government representatives are fewer in these forums and often inclined towards the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The need for better government understanding and engagement in multi-stakeholder internet governance was highlighted.

It was suggested that the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) and the African Union need to collaborate to ensure the participation of ministers in policy creation and understanding of internet governance. Ministers were regarded as the principal policymakers, and their involvement was seen as crucial for effective governance.

The need to strengthen internet governance globally was acknowledged. The perceived weakness of the global Secretariat was noted, suggesting that efforts should be made to strengthen internet governance worldwide.

Promoting greater youth involvement in internet governance activities was seen as critical, highlighting their role as the future generation for Africa. Their active participation should be encouraged and supported.

The issue of infrastructure sharing, particularly for new entrants facing affordability constraints, was discussed. New entrants were found to struggle with paying the rates enacted by existing infrastructure owners, highlighting the need for a solution to ensure affordable and accessible internet services for all.

Market saturation and the entry of newcomers, especially in areas with smaller populations like Namibia, were also discussed. Existing participants were reportedly struggling to survive, showcasing the need to manage market saturation and create opportunities for new entrants.

Gender inequality in internet usage was recognized as a significant challenge. Women in rural areas were found to lack access to the necessary resources to purchase new technologies, and the affordability of data was a major concern. The need for women leaders and parliamentarians to actively address this issue was emphasized, highlighting the importance of policies and actions to promote gender equality in internet usage.

African digital initiatives were found to receive more external financial support than support from within Africa itself. The need to increase financial support from within Africa for African initiatives was stressed, highlighting the importance of self-reliance and sustainability.

In conclusion, the discussions on internet governance in Africa covered a wide range of topics and brought forth several key insights and recommendations. The need for youth empowerment, linguistic diversity, government engagement, and infrastructure development were the main themes discussed. Promoting inclusivity, supporting gender equality in internet usage, and strengthening internet governance globally were also highlighted as important steps towards ensuring a more equitable and accessible internet for all in Africa.

Abraham

The speakers’ discussions revealed several significant points. Abraham, a technical support for the Global IGF, highlighted the need for more mentorship within the field of internet governance. He personally mentors 50 individuals in this field, recognizing the lack of mentorship opportunities. Abraham’s argument is supported by the fact that he actively mentors these individuals, providing them with guidance and support.

Abraham also advocates for increased participation in local IGFs and the youth IGF, not viewing them solely as opportunities to travel but also as chances to bring about beneficial changes on a local level. This highlights the importance of active involvement and contribution within internet governance processes, aligning with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure and SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities. Abraham’s advocacy showcases his commitment to making a positive impact in internet governance.

Furthermore, addressing language barriers in internet governance is crucial to enhancing the accessibility of knowledge and training. Abraham’s training program provides instructions in five different languages, including English, French, Portuguese, Swahili, and Arabic. This demonstrates a proactive approach towards making internet governance knowledge more widely available, contributing to SDG 4: Quality Education and SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities.

Abraham’s mentoring efforts also extend to training over 50 individuals in Africa, empowering them and providing opportunities to contribute to the internet ecosystem. This aligns with SDG 4: Quality Education and SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. Moreover, many of Abraham’s mentorees have joined various digital programs initiated by the Internet Society and African digital programs, signifying the effectiveness of the mentorship provided.

In an effort to promote gender equality and women’s empowerment, Abraham aims to involve more women in the programs they are associated with. This aligns with SDG 5: Gender Equality and showcases the commitment to ensuring inclusivity and diversity within the field of internet governance.

Finally, Abraham urges leaders to expand support and funding for individuals who have the potential to positively contribute to the internet ecosystem. This highlights the importance of recognizing and investing in talented individuals who can make a difference in internet governance. This aligns with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure and emphasizes the need for continued support and resources to drive progress in this field.

In conclusion, Abraham’s passionate commitment to mentorship in internet governance, the need for local engagement and language inclusivity, the training and empowerment of individuals in Africa, involvement in digital programs, promotion of gender equality, and the importance of expanding support and funding contribute to various SDGs and inspire positive changes within the internet ecosystem.

Hala Jumbo

The role of parliamentarians in driving policy within an inclusive Internet ecosystem is vital. They collaborate with the executive to ensure the functionality and effectiveness of policies. Parliamentarians are actively involved in legislation, budgeting, and addressing issues related to the digital divide.

In Africa, parliamentarians are advocating for countries to sign conventions on cybersecurity and personal data protection. This strong support for African Union conventions aims to safeguard digital security and protect personal data. Countries like Gambia are already taking steps to develop cybersecurity bills and implement personal data protection systems in line with these conventions.

Africa urgently needs to protect and own its data. Data plays a critical role in the digital landscape and holds immense value. However, Africa currently lags behind in terms of protecting and controlling its data. Efforts must be made to address this issue and establish robust data protection mechanisms.

Identification and addressing issues present significant challenges in Africa. More than 400 million people on the continent do not have proper identification systems, which hampers their access to various services and opportunities. It is crucial to tackle these issues effectively to ensure inclusive and equitable access for all.

The cost of data is directly linked to the operational costs of GSM companies. These companies bear the burden of funding their own infrastructure, such as electricity and equipment, which significantly increases their expenses. It is important for policies to encourage collaboration among GSM companies to reduce costs. For example, in Gambia, the government has built a national broadband network to assist companies in reducing their operational costs.

Policy changes should support new entrants to the market. Currently, the market is often dominated by a few major players, making it difficult for new companies to enter and compete. Creating tax havens and implementing supportive policies can lower costs for new entrants, fostering competition and innovation.

Addressing the electricity problem is vital in reducing the cost of data and ending internet poverty. The lack of electricity is a major contributing factor to the high cost of data in many African countries. Initiatives, such as the government of Gambia supplying solar-powered electricity to schools and hospitals, can help alleviate this issue and ultimately reduce the cost of data.

Promoting community networks can also contribute to reducing the cost of data. Community networks are cost-effective and quick to deploy, and they do not require significant infrastructure investments. Emphasizing the development of such networks can make data more accessible and affordable for communities.

There is growing concern about the high taxation regimes imposed on the telecom sector in many countries. This can hinder growth and innovation within the sector. Efforts should be made to establish fair taxation policies that encourage growth and maintain a favorable business environment.

Involving the private sector is crucial in implementing digital transformation strategies. The private sector possesses the resources, expertise, and innovation necessary for effective implementation. Collaborating with the private sector can accelerate the adoption of technology and drive economic growth.

Digital literacy is essential in various sectors, including education, public service, judiciary, and parliament. It is important to equip individuals with the necessary skills and knowledge to navigate the digital world effectively and access opportunities for growth and development.

E-commerce has a positive impact on GDP. It provides opportunities for economic growth, job creation, and increased productivity. Embracing e-commerce can contribute to achieving sustainable economic development.

Effective digital implementation requires collaboration between government ministries. Different ministries must work together to ensure the successful implementation of digital policies and initiatives. This collaborative approach enables efficient use of resources and maximizes the impact of digital transformation.

In conclusion, parliamentarians play a vital role in driving policy within an inclusive Internet ecosystem. Efforts are being made to strengthen cybersecurity and data protection in Africa. It is imperative to protect and own data to promote digital sovereignty. Identification and addressing issues need to be effectively tackled to ensure inclusivity. Collaboration is needed to reduce the cost of data and encourage competition. Addressing the electricity problem, promoting community networks, and involving the private sector are key strategies for reducing the cost of data and driving digital transformation. Fair taxation policies, digital literacy, and e-commerce contribute to economic growth. Effective digital implementation requires collaboration among government ministries. By addressing these key areas, Africa can pave the way for a thriving and inclusive digital future.

Poncelet Ileleji

The expanded summary provides a detailed overview of the main points and arguments presented in the given information.

One of the arguments presented is the importance of the African Internet Governance Forum (IGF), which was highlighted by mentioning a project developed between the European Union and the African Union Commission. The project aimed to promote collaboration and effective governance of the internet in Africa. This highlights the recognition of the need for African countries to have a platform for discussing internet-related issues and ensuring that policies and strategies are aligned with the African context.

Another argument focuses on the need for meaningful connectivity in Africa for internet access. It is pointed out that during the COVID-19 pandemic, many African children faced challenges in accessing education due to a lack of internet connectivity. This highlights the importance of ensuring that all individuals, especially young students, have reliable and affordable internet access to bridge the digital divide and promote inclusive education.

The growth of the internet ecosystem and the creative potential of young people are also discussed. With appropriate connectivity, young people can leverage their digital native status to be more creative and innovative. This emphasizes the potential of the internet to accelerate economic growth and create job opportunities, particularly considering that over 60% of the African population consists of young people.

The cost of internet is identified as a major barrier to its proliferation across the continent. It is mentioned that the average cost for one gigabyte of data in Gambia is about $5, while other countries like Ghana and Tunisia have lower costs. This high cost of internet restricts access for many individuals and contributes to the digital divide present in Africa.

Investments in submarine cables by bilateral and international organizations were also highlighted, indicating efforts to expand internet infrastructure across the continent. However, it is noted that more actions and investments are needed to tackle the issue of internet proliferation in Africa. This suggests that while progress is being made, further initiatives and resources are required to improve internet access for all African countries.

In conclusion, the given information emphasizes the importance of the African Internet Governance Forum in promoting effective internet governance. It highlights the need for meaningful connectivity to bridge the digital divide and promote inclusive education and economic growth. The cost of the internet is identified as a significant barrier, and investments in infrastructure are acknowledged. Overall, more efforts and resources are needed to address the challenge of internet proliferation in Africa.

Sorene Assefa

The participation of African youth in Internet Governance Forum (IGF) processes is vital, considering their significant population. The Global IGF 2022 took steps to enhance their involvement by sponsoring 80 African youth to attend the conference. These participants also underwent an Internet Governance Training program, aiming to improve their skills in this field. The goal was to equip them to support national or regional IGF processes beyond the conference.

Ethiopia took action after participating in the Global IGF by establishing a youth IGF within the country. This initiative involved the active participation of youth volunteers in organizing the IGF process, highlighting the commitment to involve young individuals longitudinally in the Internet Governance Forum, rather than just during the final conference.

Inclusion and equal distribution of opportunities among African youth in youth-led initiatives for Internet governance are crucial. While African participation in these initiatives is positive, there is a need to ensure that opportunities reach all regions of the continent. A thousand applications were received for the initiative, emphasizing the interest and potential among African youth. Balancing the involvement of experienced internet governance ambassadors and newcomers in the field is also necessary to provide a diverse and inclusive platform.

Language has been identified as a critical factor in meaningful engagement for Internet governance. The introduction of Swahili, the most popular African language, during the Global IGF is evidence of the emphasis placed on understanding concepts in native languages for better comprehension. This approach aims to bridge the language barrier and ensure that internet governance concepts are accessible to all participants, regardless of their linguistic background.

The impact of youth initiatives in internet governance is being measured to observe progress and sustain networking opportunities. Youth participants are carrying forward their learnings and network benefits by taking up roles as facilitators or volunteers in other organizations such as ISOC and ICANN. The success of these initiatives can also be seen in the establishment of youth forums in countries like Ethiopia, where the impact of the Global IGF is evident.

Moreover, the focus on culturally resonant modes of understanding, such as using mother tongue languages, is crucial in developing strategies for internet governance. Building concepts in mother tongue languages can bring them closer to communities and ensure inclusivity. The introduction of Swahili as the first African language during the Global IGF is a step towards fostering cultural relevance in internet governance discussions.

In summary, the involvement of African youth in Internet Governance Forum processes has been recognized as crucial. The Global IGF 2022 took steps to enhance youth participation and provided training opportunities. Ethiopia’s establishment of a youth IGF and the involvement of youth volunteers reflect the long-term commitment to youth involvement. Inclusion, language, impact measurement, and cultural relevance are key considerations in fostering youth-led initiatives for internet governance.

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Abraham’s argument is supported by the fact that he actively mentors these individuals, providing them with guidance and support.

This highlights the importance of active involvement and contribution within internet governance processes, aligning with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure and SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities. Abraham’s advocacy showcases his commitment to making a positive impact in internet governance.

Furthermore, addressing language barriers in internet governance is crucial to enhancing the accessibility of knowledge and training.

Abraham’s training program provides instructions in five different languages, including English, French, Portuguese, Swahili, and Arabic. This demonstrates a proactive approach towards making internet governance knowledge more widely available, contributing to SDG 4: Quality Education and SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities.

Abraham’s mentoring efforts also extend to training over 50 individuals in Africa, empowering them and providing opportunities to contribute to the internet ecosystem.

This aligns with SDG 4: Quality Education and SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. Moreover, many of Abraham’s mentorees have joined various digital programs initiated by the Internet Society and African digital programs, signifying the effectiveness of the mentorship provided.

In an effort to promote gender equality and women’s empowerment, Abraham aims to involve more women in the programs they are associated with.

This aligns with SDG 5: Gender Equality and showcases the commitment to ensuring inclusivity and diversity within the field of internet governance.

Finally, Abraham urges leaders to expand support and funding for individuals who have the potential to positively contribute to the internet ecosystem.

This highlights the importance of recognizing and investing in talented individuals who can make a difference in internet governance. This aligns with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure and emphasizes the need for continued support and resources to drive progress in this field.

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The importance of linguistic diversity and inclusive learning was also emphasized.

It was argued that language should not be a barrier to the inclusion of African youth in internet governance discussions. Africa consists of 29 French-speaking countries and about six Portuguese-speaking countries. Efforts should be made to ensure that all African youth have equal access to these forums.

Another area of interest was measuring the impact of young fellows after their term at the national and regional level.

The discussion revolved around evaluating the effectiveness of youth fellowship programs and finding better ways to assess their impact.

The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) was recognized for its efforts to expand inclusion through languages.

However, it was highlighted that 58% of internet content is in English, indicating the need for more diversity and inclusion in internet governance discussions.

The increase in electrification in rural areas, specifically in Tanzania, was seen as a positive development.

It was noted that over a span of 6-7 years, electrification reached 3000 villages in Tanzania. However, political will is needed to further increase electrification in rural areas.

Efforts from UNECA, specifically Dr. Mata’s sake and the late Makan Faye, were acknowledged, with a call for increased engagement and support from the private sector.

The potential of the internet to increase per capita GDP was explored through UNECA’s study.

It concluded that the full deployment of the internet could significantly boost per capita GDP in Africa, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing internet infrastructure development.

The role of government engagement in understanding and valuing the importance of the internet for economic well-being was highlighted.

Some governments were noted to have shut down the internet due to disagreements with social media posts, indicating the need for better government understanding and support.

The use of TV white spaces and solar panels for powering data centers was regarded as a way to enhance technological reach and sustainability.

TV white spaces, which are dispersed areas that established telecom might not reach, could play a significant role in ensuring connectivity in remote areas. The use of solar panels to power data centers was seen as an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy solution.

The implementation of a unified network across Africa was desired, aiming to enhance connectivity and facilitate communication between countries in the region.

The importance of government involvement in internet governance forums was emphasized.

It was noted that government representatives are fewer in these forums and often inclined towards the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The need for better government understanding and engagement in multi-stakeholder internet governance was highlighted.

Ministers were regarded as the principal policymakers, and their involvement was seen as crucial for effective governance.

Promoting greater youth involvement in internet governance activities was seen as critical, highlighting their role as the future generation for Africa.

Their active participation should be encouraged and supported.

Market saturation and the entry of newcomers, especially in areas with smaller populations like Namibia, were also discussed.

Existing participants were reportedly struggling to survive, showcasing the need to manage market saturation and create opportunities for new entrants.

The need for women leaders and parliamentarians to actively address this issue was emphasized, highlighting the importance of policies and actions to promote gender equality in internet usage.

African digital initiatives were found to receive more external financial support than support from within Africa itself.

The need to increase financial support from within Africa for African initiatives was stressed, highlighting the importance of self-reliance and sustainability.

In conclusion, the discussions on internet governance in Africa covered a wide range of topics and brought forth several key insights and recommendations.

The need for youth empowerment, linguistic diversity, government engagement, and infrastructure development were the main themes discussed. Promoting inclusivity, supporting gender equality in internet usage, and strengthening internet governance globally were also highlighted as important steps towards ensuring a more equitable and accessible internet for all in Africa.

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However, by 2022, Africa’s internet access has significantly improved, reaching 40 percent. This progress is a testament to the importance of the African IGF and its efforts in bridging the digital divide.

Dr. Seck stresses the importance of ECA’s role in initiating the African IGF and the need to increase African representation in global internet governance.

Currently, African participation in the Global IGF is relatively low. To address this issue, Dr. Seck believes there’s a need for better organization of the African Multistakeholder Advisory Group (MAG) and the secretariat to involve more participants in the global IGF process.

The ECA has set up a task force to propose ways to improve African participation in the African and global IGF.

Capacity-building programs are also advocated by Dr. Seck to improve the knowledge and skills of parliamentarians, government members, and the technical community in internet governance.

The ECA is developing capacity-building programs for parliamentarians and planning programs for the technical community to discuss technical issues related to the IGF.

While the importance of the IGF is recognized, there is a need to improve governments’ understanding of its purpose and function.

The IGF is not a decision-making platform, but rather a forum for exchange and discussion. Therefore, there is a need to provide more information to governments about the IGF to enhance their understanding and engagement.

The impact of digital technology on GDP is another area of concern.

A study is being prepared to measure the impact of digital technology on GDP. However, there is a lack of appropriate tools to measure the impacts of digital services like FinTech, e-commerce platforms, and e-government services. Ministers of finance need a better understanding of the impact of digital technology on GDP.

Government participation in the IGF is also a challenge.

Most of the participants in the IGF come from civil society, the private sector, and academia, with limited representation from the government side. Efforts should be made to address this imbalance and encourage greater government participation in the IGF.

The establishment of a unified network, known as “One Network,” is another topic of discussion.

However, there are challenges around various laws and regulations between countries, as well as between Anglophone and Francophone countries. The African free trade area and the African digital single market could facilitate the establishment of one network, taking into account regional laws and regulations.

Lastly, regulation and political commitment have an impact on the cost of digital inclusion.

While the necessary infrastructure is available, the cost of digital inclusion can be affected by regulation and political commitment. Operators define the costs, and therefore it is important to address regulation and ensure political commitment for affordable digital inclusion.

In conclusion, the African Internet Governance Forum has made significant strides in improving internet access in Africa.

However, efforts must continue to enhance African representation and participation in global internet governance. Capacity-building programs, improved understanding among governments, measurement of the impact of digital technology on GDP, increased government participation, and addressing regional laws and regulations are all crucial steps in achieving these goals.

Affordable and inclusive digital access can only be achieved through a comprehensive and collaborative approach.

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In Africa, parliamentarians are advocating for countries to sign conventions on cybersecurity and personal data protection.

This strong support for African Union conventions aims to safeguard digital security and protect personal data. Countries like Gambia are already taking steps to develop cybersecurity bills and implement personal data protection systems in line with these conventions.

Africa urgently needs to protect and own its data.

Data plays a critical role in the digital landscape and holds immense value. However, Africa currently lags behind in terms of protecting and controlling its data. Efforts must be made to address this issue and establish robust data protection mechanisms.

Identification and addressing issues present significant challenges in Africa.

More than 400 million people on the continent do not have proper identification systems, which hampers their access to various services and opportunities. It is crucial to tackle these issues effectively to ensure inclusive and equitable access for all.

The cost of data is directly linked to the operational costs of GSM companies.

These companies bear the burden of funding their own infrastructure, such as electricity and equipment, which significantly increases their expenses. It is important for policies to encourage collaboration among GSM companies to reduce costs. For example, in Gambia, the government has built a national broadband network to assist companies in reducing their operational costs.

Policy changes should support new entrants to the market.

Currently, the market is often dominated by a few major players, making it difficult for new companies to enter and compete. Creating tax havens and implementing supportive policies can lower costs for new entrants, fostering competition and innovation.

Addressing the electricity problem is vital in reducing the cost of data and ending internet poverty.

The lack of electricity is a major contributing factor to the high cost of data in many African countries. Initiatives, such as the government of Gambia supplying solar-powered electricity to schools and hospitals, can help alleviate this issue and ultimately reduce the cost of data.

Promoting community networks can also contribute to reducing the cost of data.

Community networks are cost-effective and quick to deploy, and they do not require significant infrastructure investments. Emphasizing the development of such networks can make data more accessible and affordable for communities.

There is growing concern about the high taxation regimes imposed on the telecom sector in many countries.

This can hinder growth and innovation within the sector. Efforts should be made to establish fair taxation policies that encourage growth and maintain a favorable business environment.

Involving the private sector is crucial in implementing digital transformation strategies.

The private sector possesses the resources, expertise, and innovation necessary for effective implementation. Collaborating with the private sector can accelerate the adoption of technology and drive economic growth.

Digital literacy is essential in various sectors, including education, public service, judiciary, and parliament.

It is important to equip individuals with the necessary skills and knowledge to navigate the digital world effectively and access opportunities for growth and development.

E-commerce has a positive impact on GDP. It provides opportunities for economic growth, job creation, and increased productivity.

Embracing e-commerce can contribute to achieving sustainable economic development.

In conclusion, parliamentarians play a vital role in driving policy within an inclusive Internet ecosystem.

Efforts are being made to strengthen cybersecurity and data protection in Africa. It is imperative to protect and own data to promote digital sovereignty. Identification and addressing issues need to be effectively tackled to ensure inclusivity. Collaboration is needed to reduce the cost of data and encourage competition.

Addressing the electricity problem, promoting community networks, and involving the private sector are key strategies for reducing the cost of data and driving digital transformation. Fair taxation policies, digital literacy, and e-commerce contribute to economic growth. Effective digital implementation requires collaboration among government ministries.

By addressing these key areas, Africa can pave the way for a thriving and inclusive digital future.

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The Internet Governance Forum (IGF) is a recognised platform for discussing the potential and challenges of the internet.

It provides an avenue for stakeholders to come together and discuss various aspects of internet governance, including digital opportunities and challenges. Through inclusive discussions, the IGF facilitates knowledge exchange, allowing for the development of effective policies and strategies.

Leaders play a crucial role in driving digital transformation.

They must demonstrate commitment, willingness to change, and a willingness to experiment. By leading by example, leaders can inspire others to embrace digital technologies and drive innovation. This transformative mindset is vital to adapt to the rapidly changing digital landscape and ensure that organisations and societies can thrive in the digital era.

Improving digital skills is essential for achieving digital transformation.

By equipping individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills, they can fully participate in the digital economy and leverage technology to address social and economic challenges. Quality education plays a significant role in enhancing digital skills, and it should be prioritised to prepare individuals for the digital age.

Collaboration and coordination are crucial for progress in digital transformation.

Stakeholders from various sectors need to work together, sharing resources, knowledge, and expertise to drive innovation and overcome challenges. By promoting partnerships, collaborations, and knowledge sharing, the collective impact of digital transformation efforts can be maximised.

Creating common digital infrastructure and developing local content and language are essential for ensuring affordability and accessibility of digital devices for diverse communities.

By producing digital devices locally, affordability can be improved, making them more accessible to a wider range of people. Additionally, developing local content in indigenous languages makes digital content more understandable and relatable to local communities, further enhancing accessibility.

In conclusion, Africa’s young and rapidly urbanizing population presents a unique opportunity for digital transformation.

Through initiatives like the Internet Governance Forum, leaders demonstrating commitment, improving digital skills, fostering collaboration, and creating common digital infrastructure and local content, Africa can harness the potential of technology to drive economic growth and development, address social and economic challenges, and create a more inclusive and sustainable future.

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The vision for digital transformation in Africa requires more than just basic connectivity.

It also points out that there are still many areas in Africa that lack any coverage, and infrastructure investment can address this issue.

The high cost and lack of affordability of smart devices are major barriers to internet connectivity.

People in the low-income quintiles in Africa are spending 40% to 60% of their average household income to purchase one smart device. Additionally, high digital taxation is seen as a burden on the sector, further impacting affordability.

The current definition of a connected person is considered inadequate and needs revision.

Currently, a connected person is defined as someone who accesses the internet once every three months. However, the analysis argues that daily access and unlimited data should be the goal.

The need for public access solutions to supplement individual internet access is highlighted.

Affordability is a major issue affecting internet access, and public access can help bridge the gap for individuals who cannot afford their own connection.

The cost of internet connectivity is a significant challenge in the region, making it unaffordable for many.

The analysis states that 1 gig of data at no more than 2% of the average monthly income is still unaffordable for many Africans. South Africa meets this standard only for the top 20% income earners, highlighting the economic inequality.

To make internet connectivity more affordable, market competition needs to be promoted.

Currently, many African economies operate as duopolies, which hinders affordability. Increasing competition in the market can lead to lower prices and better availability of internet services.

Community networks and public access options are seen as potential solutions to close the economic digital divide.

Existing community networks in Africa have a high meaningful activity score, indicating their effectiveness. Different digital technologies and financial models have been tested and proven successful in these networks.

The analysis identifies the need for proper implementation of policies promoting infrastructure sharing.

Currently, infrastructure sharing across utilities, especially with roads and electricity, is not well-implemented. Examples of countries struggling with implementation include Mozambique, Ghana, and Nigeria.

Gender equality and the inclusion of women in the digital economy and revolution are highlighted.

Women who were connected during COVID-19 were able to weather the loss of income and pivot to online opportunities. Excluding women from the digital economy has a significant economic impact, with government losses estimated at about a trillion dollars.

The analysis criticizes poor practices of adopting digital taxation from other jurisdictions, which negatively impact affordability.

Digital taxation has mostly been consumer-facing, affecting the cost of internet use. For example, Nigeria has 27 unique taxes that contribute to the high cost of internet services.

Notably, Uganda’s use of Universal Service Funds to supply smart tablets to female-led households is seen as a positive step towards promoting gender equality and digital inclusion.

Additionally, the country’s development of a curriculum to train policy-makers on centering gender in ICT policies is also viewed positively.

In conclusion, the analysis underscores the need for Africa to go beyond basic internet connectivity and aim for meaningful connectivity.

Government and private sector investments, affordable smart devices, revised definitions of a connected person, public access solutions, market competition, infrastructure sharing, gender equality, evidence-based research, and intentional inclusion of women in the digital revolution are crucial for improving internet connectivity in Africa.

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The expanded summary provides a detailed overview of the main points and arguments presented in the given information.

The project aimed to promote collaboration and effective governance of the internet in Africa. This highlights the recognition of the need for African countries to have a platform for discussing internet-related issues and ensuring that policies and strategies are aligned with the African context.

Another argument focuses on the need for meaningful connectivity in Africa for internet access.

It is pointed out that during the COVID-19 pandemic, many African children faced challenges in accessing education due to a lack of internet connectivity. This highlights the importance of ensuring that all individuals, especially young students, have reliable and affordable internet access to bridge the digital divide and promote inclusive education.

The growth of the internet ecosystem and the creative potential of young people are also discussed.

With appropriate connectivity, young people can leverage their digital native status to be more creative and innovative. This emphasizes the potential of the internet to accelerate economic growth and create job opportunities, particularly considering that over 60% of the African population consists of young people.

The cost of internet is identified as a major barrier to its proliferation across the continent.

It is mentioned that the average cost for one gigabyte of data in Gambia is about $5, while other countries like Ghana and Tunisia have lower costs. This high cost of internet restricts access for many individuals and contributes to the digital divide present in Africa.

Investments in submarine cables by bilateral and international organizations were also highlighted, indicating efforts to expand internet infrastructure across the continent.

However, it is noted that more actions and investments are needed to tackle the issue of internet proliferation in Africa. This suggests that while progress is being made, further initiatives and resources are required to improve internet access for all African countries.

In conclusion, the given information emphasizes the importance of the African Internet Governance Forum in promoting effective internet governance.

It highlights the need for meaningful connectivity to bridge the digital divide and promote inclusive education and economic growth. The cost of the internet is identified as a significant barrier, and investments in infrastructure are acknowledged. Overall, more efforts and resources are needed to address the challenge of internet proliferation in Africa.

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The goal was to equip them to support national or regional IGF processes beyond the conference.

Inclusion and equal distribution of opportunities among African youth in youth-led initiatives for Internet governance are crucial.

While African participation in these initiatives is positive, there is a need to ensure that opportunities reach all regions of the continent. A thousand applications were received for the initiative, emphasizing the interest and potential among African youth. Balancing the involvement of experienced internet governance ambassadors and newcomers in the field is also necessary to provide a diverse and inclusive platform.

Language has been identified as a critical factor in meaningful engagement for Internet governance.

The introduction of Swahili, the most popular African language, during the Global IGF is evidence of the emphasis placed on understanding concepts in native languages for better comprehension. This approach aims to bridge the language barrier and ensure that internet governance concepts are accessible to all participants, regardless of their linguistic background.

The impact of youth initiatives in internet governance is being measured to observe progress and sustain networking opportunities.

Youth participants are carrying forward their learnings and network benefits by taking up roles as facilitators or volunteers in other organizations such as ISOC and ICANN. The success of these initiatives can also be seen in the establishment of youth forums in countries like Ethiopia, where the impact of the Global IGF is evident.

Moreover, the focus on culturally resonant modes of understanding, such as using mother tongue languages, is crucial in developing strategies for internet governance.

Building concepts in mother tongue languages can bring them closer to communities and ensure inclusivity. The introduction of Swahili as the first African language during the Global IGF is a step towards fostering cultural relevance in internet governance discussions.

In summary, the involvement of African youth in Internet Governance Forum processes has been recognized as crucial.

The Global IGF 2022 took steps to enhance youth participation and provided training opportunities. Ethiopia’s establishment of a youth IGF and the involvement of youth volunteers reflect the long-term commitment to youth involvement. Inclusion, language, impact measurement, and cultural relevance are key considerations in fostering youth-led initiatives for internet governance.

The Postal Network: A Vehicle of Digital Inclusion | IGF 2023 Open Forum #160

Knowledge Graph of Debate
Session report
Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

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Rodney Taylor

The analysis examines a series of discussions on various aspects of the postal sector and its collaboration with the digital realm. The speakers highlight several key points that shed light on the important role played by the postal sector in the digital age.

One of the main points discussed is the potential revenue opportunities that arise from the collaboration between the digital and postal sectors. The success of the Barbados Postal Service in earning significant revenue by embracing digital transformation exemplifies this point. By turning digital, the postal service was able to offer delivery services at a nominal cost, which proved to be more desirable for many people compared to the expenses of public transportation or driving.

Another significant aspect highlighted in the analysis is the importance of partnerships between postal services and governments, particularly the Ministries of Digital Transformation. This collaboration can contribute to national transformation initiatives, as demonstrated by the successful joint effort in Barbados between the Ministry of Digital Transformation and the Ministry of Home Affairs to deliver essential credentials such as passports and driver’s licenses.

The speakers also emphasize the role of the postal sector in promoting digital inclusion, particularly in underserved regions. Post offices serve as accessible points of interaction with government services for individuals who may lack digital skills. This highlights the crucial role played by the postal sector in bridging the digital divide and ensuring that all citizens have access to important online services.

Additionally, the analysis points out the significance of initiatives that focus on digitising indigenous artifacts and tracing ancestry. Countries in the Caribbean, such as Dominica, Trinidad, and Jamaica, house indigenous populations, and UNESCO has launched a program to digitally preserve their cultural heritage. This demonstrates the potential for leveraging the postal sector to protect and promote indigenous cultures.

The analysis also highlights the need for policymakers to better understand the connection between the digital and postal sectors. While some policymakers may not fully grasp the importance of combining online services with offline, it is essential for successful implementation and ensuring that all individuals benefit from technological advancements.

In conclusion, the analysis underscores the significant role of the postal sector in the digital era. It highlights the potential for revenue generation through collaboration with the digital sector, the importance of partnerships with governments, the role of the postal sector in promoting digital inclusion, and the preservation of cultural heritage. The analysis also underscores the need for policymakers to be fully aware of the importance of combining online and offline services to ensure comprehensive and inclusive digital advancements.

Audience

The Caribbean Network Operators group has expressed their admiration for Tracy’s initiatives and their desire to collaborate with her to support and accelerate the deployment of these initiatives at both the national and regional levels. This demonstrates a positive sentiment towards Tracy’s work and highlights the potential for collaboration between organizations to achieve common goals in the Caribbean region.

Conversely, Christine Mujimba’s perspective raises concerns about the challenges faced by postal services in leveraging opportunities offered by digitisation and competition. She highlights the hindrances that the postal services in Uganda face and emphasises the need to reposition the traditional postal service system to overcome these hurdles.

Mujimba’s viewpoint suggests a negative sentiment towards the current state of affairs in the postal services sector. She questions the readiness of national post operators to take advantage of digitisation and competition and stresses the importance of policy factors that enable postal networks to leverage these opportunities. This implies that strategic and regulatory changes are needed to ensure the future viability and success of the postal services industry in the face of evolving market dynamics.

Another important observation is the urgency emphasized in repositioning the traditional postal service system. Increased competition from courier companies and new players like Uber has disrupted the traditional business model of postal services. As a result, there has been a trend of post offices closing down, and sustainability has become a pressing issue. This further underscores the need for proactive measures to adapt to the changing landscape and strike a balance between universal postal service obligations and market competition.

Overall, this summary highlights the contrasting sentiments and perspectives presented in the discussions. While the Caribbean Network Operators group shows a positive sentiment and willingness to collaborate, Christine Mujimba’s concerns shed light on the challenges faced by the postal services sector and emphasize the need for policy changes and urgent action. These insights provide a deeper understanding of the issues at hand and the potential paths forward for the concerned parties involved.

Tracey Hackshaw

The discussions revolved around various topics such as the .post initiative, digital inclusion, and the role of post offices in facilitating digital transformation. Tracey Hackshaw, who is part of the Universal Postal Union (UPU), is responsible for the .post initiative. The .post initiative aims to provide a secure and trusted top-level domain for the postal sector.

A key point of emphasis was the need for secure and trusted top-level domains in the postal sector. This highlights the importance of maintaining a secure environment for delivering services in the digital age. The UPU cybersecurity policy framework was discussed as an example of such a secure environment. Complying with this framework allows services to be delivered securely on a basic level and ensures security at the DNS level, particularly securing email communications. The .post environment also includes a dashboard that offers compliance tracking.

Connectivity was identified as a critical factor for effectively using post offices as service bureaus. The discussions highlighted that for post offices to fulfill their potential in facilitating digital transformation, they must have sufficient connectivity, especially in rural and remote areas. It was noted that connectivity goes beyond having PCs or internet connections at home; it includes the broader framework of using existing facilities like post offices to strengthen digital connectivity.

Digital inclusion was also a significant focus during the discussions. Talan Sultanov emphasised the importance of increasing digital literacy and skills in rural areas. The aim is to train local entrepreneurs on how to market their products online and prioritize underserved communities, such as girls, rural areas, and those with limited resources. Addressing the digital divide and ensuring equal access to digital resources and opportunities were seen as crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The discussions also explored the potential of post offices in facilitating e-commerce and supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It was recognised that building capacity in e-commerce within the postal sector is challenging due to limitations on IT skillsets and resources. However, the .post registration platform was highlighted as a solution to offer secure services, including DNS, email, web hosting, and e-commerce. This platform enables posts to obtain services and deploy rapidly, connecting traditional payment services. The cooperation agreement between the UPU and the Caribbean Telecommunications Union (CTU) was seen as instrumental in providing these capabilities to the Caribbean postal services.

Furthermore, the discussions highlighted the role of post offices in achieving digital inclusion and economic growth. The postal network was perceived as pivotal in providing digital inclusion and economic opportunities in various countries. Examples such as ZimbabweMall and Rwanda Mall demonstrated how post offices offer national marketplaces where SMEs can sell their products online. Additionally, the post office network was viewed as an important resource for providing digital inclusion in Barbados.

It was also emphasised that implementing the initiative of using public infrastructure for digital inclusion should be done securely. Hackshaw stressed the importance of implementing the initiative while ensuring the safety and security of public infrastructure. Assistance and advice on securely implementing the initiative were offered during the discussions.

A noteworthy observation from the discussions was Hackshaw expressing gratitude for receiving free chocolate, which symbolised appreciation and recognition. It was also highlighted that treats like chocolate should be distributed equally, reinforcing the importance of treating everyone with fairness and inclusivity.

In conclusion, the discussions centred around the .post initiative, digital inclusion, and the role of post offices in facilitating digital transformation. The need for secure and trusted top-level domains, connectivity, and digital literacy were emphasized. The potential of post offices in e-commerce and supporting SMEs was highlighted, as well as the role of post offices in achieving digital inclusion and economic growth. The secure implementation of using public infrastructure for digital inclusion was underscored, and the importance of treating everyone equally was emphasised.

Paul Donohoe

Upon analysis of the statements, several important points regarding the role of the postal sector in fostering digital inclusion and bridging the digital divide have been identified. Here is a more detailed summary:

1. An interactive session will explore the transformative potential of the postal sector in promoting digital inclusion, with a particular focus on underserved communities. Juan will monitor the chat to ensure participants can interact effectively. The panel will bring forth examples of solutions that have successfully assisted disadvantaged communities in becoming part of the digital economy, emphasizing the interactive nature of the session.

2. Despite nearly 20 years of discussions on the Information Society, a significant digital divide still exists in many communities. Paul Donohoe highlights this divide and emphasizes the need to bridge the gap to achieve reduced inequalities and promote industry, innovation, and infrastructure.

3. Paul Donohoe believes in the concept of meaningful connectivity, especially for underserved communities. Ongoing discussions within the Global Connect Initiative (GDC) and World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) revolve around the exploration of meaningful connectivity, underscoring Paul’s stance and positive sentiment on the matter.

4. The postal network is a pivotal asset for digital inclusion, with over 650,000 postal locations worldwide and millions of workers in daily contact with people. This extensive reach and connectivity make the postal network an essential tool in ensuring digital access for underserved communities. The positive sentiment surrounding this argument aligns with the fundamental role the postal network plays in providing digital inclusion.

5. The postal network holds a crucial position in the digital society and serves as a driving force for progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The UN Secretary-General’s message on World Post Day emphasizes the importance of the postal network in the digital world, and the new UPU connect.post initiative aims to connect every post office to the internet by 2030. These efforts signify the significant role the postal network plays in shaping a digital society and driving sustainable development.

6. The COVID-19 pandemic showcased the vital role played by the postal network. It was instrumental in delivering government aid and medical supplies, supporting SMEs by enabling them to trade online, and providing digital government and financial services to communities. The positive sentiment towards the postal network’s contribution during the pandemic underscores its ability to adapt and assist in times of crisis.

7. The postal network’s criticality for digital inclusion can be seen in its provision of services in local languages, aiding digital literacy and connectivity. Additionally, governments across the globe have utilized the postal network as a means of promoting digital inclusion. Examples such as the community access centers provided by Zimpost in Zimbabwe highlight the postal service’s significance in fostering digital inclusion, particularly in underserved communities.

8. The transformation brought about by e-commerce necessitates a more digitally capable postal network. People’s expectations from delivery services have increased due to e-commerce, and the postal services are evolving to meet these demands. Global examples highlight how postal delivery is adapting to modern needs, further supporting the argument of a digitally capable postal network.

9. Investing in postal networks can contribute to the sustainability of local communities by enabling local businesses to engage in e-commerce and providing digital literacy. The positive sentiment surrounding this argument reflects the understanding that strong postal networks can play a vital role in community sustainability and economic growth.

10. Collaborating with policymakers and integrating the postal network into digital inclusion initiatives can result in greater access and affordability. Post offices operating as Wi-Fi hubs, delivering affordable mobile devices, and connecting SMEs to e-commerce platforms can facilitate online business and narrowing the digital divide.

Other noteworthy observations include the Universal Postal Union (UPU)’s cybersecurity policy framework, which ensures secure service delivery to the posts. This framework is being deployed to strengthen the postal sector’s security. Furthermore, the UPU’s plan to provide secure services on the .post registration platform reflects their commitment to providing secure digital platforms for postal services globally.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the vital role played by the postal sector in achieving digital inclusion, bridging the digital divide, and supporting sustainable development goals. The postal network’s ability to adapt and provide essential services during the COVID-19 pandemic further emphasizes its significance. It is evident that the postal network’s extensive reach, connectivity, and evolving capabilities contribute significantly to promoting digital inclusion, connecting communities, and empowering underserved populations.

Talan Sultanov

The analysis of postal services and digital connectivity in Kyrgyzstan highlights several important points regarding the challenges and opportunities faced by the country. Firstly, it mentions that small landlocked and mountainous countries, like Kyrgyzstan, have unique challenges in terms of digital connectivity. Factors such as long distances, deserts, and mountains present obstacles to establishing efficient digital infrastructure.

The importance of digital literacy and skills is also emphasised in the analysis. It is stated that increased digital literacy and skills are vital for maximising the benefits of digitalisation. Digital skills training is specifically mentioned as a means to enable rural communities to effectively utilise e-government services, e-commerce, and FinTech services.

Reclaiming Central Asia’s status as an economic hub is another key argument put forward in the analysis. It is mentioned that Central Asia was once the centre of economic activity for many centuries due to the Silk Road and the efficient postal system. The analysis suggests that by embracing digitalisation and leveraging their unique geographical position, Central Asian countries, including Kyrgyzstan, have the potential to reclaim their prominent economic status.

The potential benefits of digitalisation for postal services are also highlighted. It is argued that the digitalisation of postal services could greatly increase their efficiency. Proposals have been made to connect every postal office to the internet by 2030, which aligns with a similar initiative to connect every school to the internet.

The analysis also touches upon the need for more diverse internet content. It suggests that the current lack of representation of Central Asia and its history in digital platforms suggests a bias towards Western content. The argument is made that there is a need for greater diversity in internet content to reflect and value the cultural heritage and history of Central Asia.

Internet connectivity is seen as a significant factor in benefitting remote areas. The analysis cites positive examples from Kyrgyzstan, where internet connectivity has allowed postal officers in remote villages to check for mail without physically travelling to nearby towns. Improved internet connectivity has also aided in maintaining operations during harsh winter conditions.

Addressing the issue of foreign language content accessibility, the analysis mentions that providing internet to villages in Kyrgyzstan led to the challenge of foreign language content being inaccessible for locals. Efforts have been made to create digital content in the Kyrgyz language to bridge this gap and ensure that digital literacy can spur more information exchange.

However, the lack of resources in local languages is identified as a limiting factor that can restrict access to information. Despite efforts to bring internet to villages, the analysis notes that locals struggled to derive value from it due to the dominance of foreign language content. An initiative was launched to deliver books for children in the Kyrgyz language to address this issue.

The analysis also highlights opportunities for Kyrgyzstan’s postal services. It mentions that exploring opportunities with digitalisation, including e-commerce and providing banking services, could be beneficial. Examples from Japan are provided to support this argument, where the postal service plays a significant role in providing financial services.

Moreover, the critical role of postal services in facilitating government activities is discussed. The analysis states that postal services can play a crucial role in activities such as elections and data collection. The Kyrgyzstan Postal Service has been instrumental in collecting biometric data for elections, creating a trustworthy system that led to peaceful elections.

However, there are concerns about the security of biometric data collected through postal services. This aspect is mentioned as a negative sentiment and highlights the need to address data security issues in the collection and storage of such sensitive information.

The analysis identifies the potential for postal services to contribute significantly to the deployment of community networks. In Kyrgyzstan, postal offices actively participate in providing digital skills training. It is argued that postal officers can be at the forefront of providing these trainings and contribute to communal digital empowerment in their local communities.

Conclusively, the analysis underscores the challenges and opportunities faced by postal services and digital connectivity in Kyrgyzstan. It emphasises the importance of digital literacy and skills, reclaiming Central Asia’s economic prominence, the potential benefits of digitalisation for postal services, the need for diverse internet content, the positive impact of internet connectivity in remote areas, and the role of postal services in community networks and digital empowerment. The analysis also highlights concerns regarding foreign language content accessibility, the lack of resources in local languages, and data security. Overall, the observations and insights gained from the analysis shed light on potential strategies and areas of focus that could contribute to the development of postal services and digital connectivity in Kyrgyzstan.

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Factors such as long distances, deserts, and mountains present obstacles to establishing efficient digital infrastructure.

The importance of digital literacy and skills is also emphasised in the analysis. It is stated that increased digital literacy and skills are vital for maximising the benefits of digitalisation.

Digital skills training is specifically mentioned as a means to enable rural communities to effectively utilise e-government services, e-commerce, and FinTech services.

Reclaiming Central Asia’s status as an economic hub is another key argument put forward in the analysis.

It is mentioned that Central Asia was once the centre of economic activity for many centuries due to the Silk Road and the efficient postal system. The analysis suggests that by embracing digitalisation and leveraging their unique geographical position, Central Asian countries, including Kyrgyzstan, have the potential to reclaim their prominent economic status.

The potential benefits of digitalisation for postal services are also highlighted.

It is argued that the digitalisation of postal services could greatly increase their efficiency. Proposals have been made to connect every postal office to the internet by 2030, which aligns with a similar initiative to connect every school to the internet.

The analysis also touches upon the need for more diverse internet content.

It suggests that the current lack of representation of Central Asia and its history in digital platforms suggests a bias towards Western content. The argument is made that there is a need for greater diversity in internet content to reflect and value the cultural heritage and history of Central Asia.

Internet connectivity is seen as a significant factor in benefitting remote areas.

The analysis cites positive examples from Kyrgyzstan, where internet connectivity has allowed postal officers in remote villages to check for mail without physically travelling to nearby towns. Improved internet connectivity has also aided in maintaining operations during harsh winter conditions.

Efforts have been made to create digital content in the Kyrgyz language to bridge this gap and ensure that digital literacy can spur more information exchange.

However, the lack of resources in local languages is identified as a limiting factor that can restrict access to information.

Despite efforts to bring internet to villages, the analysis notes that locals struggled to derive value from it due to the dominance of foreign language content. An initiative was launched to deliver books for children in the Kyrgyz language to address this issue.

The analysis also highlights opportunities for Kyrgyzstan’s postal services.

It mentions that exploring opportunities with digitalisation, including e-commerce and providing banking services, could be beneficial. Examples from Japan are provided to support this argument, where the postal service plays a significant role in providing financial services.

Moreover, the critical role of postal services in facilitating government activities is discussed.

The analysis states that postal services can play a crucial role in activities such as elections and data collection. The Kyrgyzstan Postal Service has been instrumental in collecting biometric data for elections, creating a trustworthy system that led to peaceful elections.

However, there are concerns about the security of biometric data collected through postal services.

This aspect is mentioned as a negative sentiment and highlights the need to address data security issues in the collection and storage of such sensitive information.

The analysis identifies the potential for postal services to contribute significantly to the deployment of community networks.

In Kyrgyzstan, postal offices actively participate in providing digital skills training. It is argued that postal officers can be at the forefront of providing these trainings and contribute to communal digital empowerment in their local communities.

Conclusively, the analysis underscores the challenges and opportunities faced by postal services and digital connectivity in Kyrgyzstan.

It emphasises the importance of digital literacy and skills, reclaiming Central Asia’s economic prominence, the potential benefits of digitalisation for postal services, the need for diverse internet content, the positive impact of internet connectivity in remote areas, and the role of postal services in community networks and digital empowerment.

The analysis also highlights concerns regarding foreign language content accessibility, the lack of resources in local languages, and data security. Overall, the observations and insights gained from the analysis shed light on potential strategies and areas of focus that could contribute to the development of postal services and digital connectivity in Kyrgyzstan.

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Conversely, Christine Mujimba’s perspective raises concerns about the challenges faced by postal services in leveraging opportunities offered by digitisation and competition.

She highlights the hindrances that the postal services in Uganda face and emphasises the need to reposition the traditional postal service system to overcome these hurdles.

Mujimba’s viewpoint suggests a negative sentiment towards the current state of affairs in the postal services sector.

She questions the readiness of national post operators to take advantage of digitisation and competition and stresses the importance of policy factors that enable postal networks to leverage these opportunities. This implies that strategic and regulatory changes are needed to ensure the future viability and success of the postal services industry in the face of evolving market dynamics.

Another important observation is the urgency emphasized in repositioning the traditional postal service system.

Increased competition from courier companies and new players like Uber has disrupted the traditional business model of postal services. As a result, there has been a trend of post offices closing down, and sustainability has become a pressing issue. This further underscores the need for proactive measures to adapt to the changing landscape and strike a balance between universal postal service obligations and market competition.

Overall, this summary highlights the contrasting sentiments and perspectives presented in the discussions.

While the Caribbean Network Operators group shows a positive sentiment and willingness to collaborate, Christine Mujimba’s concerns shed light on the challenges faced by the postal services sector and emphasize the need for policy changes and urgent action. These insights provide a deeper understanding of the issues at hand and the potential paths forward for the concerned parties involved.

’Paul

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1. An interactive session will explore the transformative potential of the postal sector in promoting digital inclusion, with a particular focus on underserved communities.

Juan will monitor the chat to ensure participants can interact effectively. The panel will bring forth examples of solutions that have successfully assisted disadvantaged communities in becoming part of the digital economy, emphasizing the interactive nature of the session.

Despite nearly 20 years of discussions on the Information Society, a significant digital divide still exists in many communities. Paul Donohoe highlights this divide and emphasizes the need to bridge the gap to achieve reduced inequalities and promote industry, innovation, and infrastructure.

Paul Donohoe believes in the concept of meaningful connectivity, especially for underserved communities. Ongoing discussions within the Global Connect Initiative (GDC) and World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) revolve around the exploration of meaningful connectivity, underscoring Paul’s stance and positive sentiment on the matter.

The postal network is a pivotal asset for digital inclusion, with over 650,000 postal locations worldwide and millions of workers in daily contact with people. This extensive reach and connectivity make the postal network an essential tool in ensuring digital access for underserved communities.

The positive sentiment surrounding this argument aligns with the fundamental role the postal network plays in providing digital inclusion.

5. The postal network holds a crucial position in the digital society and serves as a driving force for progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The UN Secretary-General’s message on World Post Day emphasizes the importance of the postal network in the digital world, and the new UPU connect.post initiative aims to connect every post office to the internet by 2030. These efforts signify the significant role the postal network plays in shaping a digital society and driving sustainable development.

The COVID-19 pandemic showcased the vital role played by the postal network. It was instrumental in delivering government aid and medical supplies, supporting SMEs by enabling them to trade online, and providing digital government and financial services to communities. The positive sentiment towards the postal network’s contribution during the pandemic underscores its ability to adapt and assist in times of crisis.

The postal network’s criticality for digital inclusion can be seen in its provision of services in local languages, aiding digital literacy and connectivity. Additionally, governments across the globe have utilized the postal network as a means of promoting digital inclusion.

Examples such as the community access centers provided by Zimpost in Zimbabwe highlight the postal service’s significance in fostering digital inclusion, particularly in underserved communities.

8. The transformation brought about by e-commerce necessitates a more digitally capable postal network.

People’s expectations from delivery services have increased due to e-commerce, and the postal services are evolving to meet these demands. Global examples highlight how postal delivery is adapting to modern needs, further supporting the argument of a digitally capable postal network.

Investing in postal networks can contribute to the sustainability of local communities by enabling local businesses to engage in e-commerce and providing digital literacy. The positive sentiment surrounding this argument reflects the understanding that strong postal networks can play a vital role in community sustainability and economic growth.

10.

Collaborating with policymakers and integrating the postal network into digital inclusion initiatives can result in greater access and affordability. Post offices operating as Wi-Fi hubs, delivering affordable mobile devices, and connecting SMEs to e-commerce platforms can facilitate online business and narrowing the digital divide.

Other noteworthy observations include the Universal Postal Union (UPU)’s cybersecurity policy framework, which ensures secure service delivery to the posts.

This framework is being deployed to strengthen the postal sector’s security. Furthermore, the UPU’s plan to provide secure services on the .post registration platform reflects their commitment to providing secure digital platforms for postal services globally.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the vital role played by the postal sector in achieving digital inclusion, bridging the digital divide, and supporting sustainable development goals.

The postal network’s ability to adapt and provide essential services during the COVID-19 pandemic further emphasizes its significance. It is evident that the postal network’s extensive reach, connectivity, and evolving capabilities contribute significantly to promoting digital inclusion, connecting communities, and empowering underserved populations.

’Rodney

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One of the main points discussed is the potential revenue opportunities that arise from the collaboration between the digital and postal sectors.

The success of the Barbados Postal Service in earning significant revenue by embracing digital transformation exemplifies this point. By turning digital, the postal service was able to offer delivery services at a nominal cost, which proved to be more desirable for many people compared to the expenses of public transportation or driving.

Another significant aspect highlighted in the analysis is the importance of partnerships between postal services and governments, particularly the Ministries of Digital Transformation.

This collaboration can contribute to national transformation initiatives, as demonstrated by the successful joint effort in Barbados between the Ministry of Digital Transformation and the Ministry of Home Affairs to deliver essential credentials such as passports and driver’s licenses.

The speakers also emphasize the role of the postal sector in promoting digital inclusion, particularly in underserved regions.

Post offices serve as accessible points of interaction with government services for individuals who may lack digital skills. This highlights the crucial role played by the postal sector in bridging the digital divide and ensuring that all citizens have access to important online services.

Additionally, the analysis points out the significance of initiatives that focus on digitising indigenous artifacts and tracing ancestry.

Countries in the Caribbean, such as Dominica, Trinidad, and Jamaica, house indigenous populations, and UNESCO has launched a program to digitally preserve their cultural heritage. This demonstrates the potential for leveraging the postal sector to protect and promote indigenous cultures.

The analysis also highlights the need for policymakers to better understand the connection between the digital and postal sectors.

While some policymakers may not fully grasp the importance of combining online services with offline, it is essential for successful implementation and ensuring that all individuals benefit from technological advancements.

In conclusion, the analysis underscores the significant role of the postal sector in the digital era.

It highlights the potential for revenue generation through collaboration with the digital sector, the importance of partnerships with governments, the role of the postal sector in promoting digital inclusion, and the preservation of cultural heritage. The analysis also underscores the need for policymakers to be fully aware of the importance of combining online and offline services to ensure comprehensive and inclusive digital advancements.

’Tracey

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The .post initiative aims to provide a secure and trusted top-level domain for the postal sector.

The UPU cybersecurity policy framework was discussed as an example of such a secure environment. Complying with this framework allows services to be delivered securely on a basic level and ensures security at the DNS level, particularly securing email communications.

The .post environment also includes a dashboard that offers compliance tracking.

It was noted that connectivity goes beyond having PCs or internet connections at home; it includes the broader framework of using existing facilities like post offices to strengthen digital connectivity.

Digital inclusion was also a significant focus during the discussions.

Talan Sultanov emphasised the importance of increasing digital literacy and skills in rural areas. The aim is to train local entrepreneurs on how to market their products online and prioritize underserved communities, such as girls, rural areas, and those with limited resources.

Addressing the digital divide and ensuring equal access to digital resources and opportunities were seen as crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The discussions also explored the potential of post offices in facilitating e-commerce and supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

It was recognised that building capacity in e-commerce within the postal sector is challenging due to limitations on IT skillsets and resources. However, the .post registration platform was highlighted as a solution to offer secure services, including DNS, email, web hosting, and e-commerce.

This platform enables posts to obtain services and deploy rapidly, connecting traditional payment services. The cooperation agreement between the UPU and the Caribbean Telecommunications Union (CTU) was seen as instrumental in providing these capabilities to the Caribbean postal services.

Furthermore, the discussions highlighted the role of post offices in achieving digital inclusion and economic growth.

The postal network was perceived as pivotal in providing digital inclusion and economic opportunities in various countries. Examples such as ZimbabweMall and Rwanda Mall demonstrated how post offices offer national marketplaces where SMEs can sell their products online. Additionally, the post office network was viewed as an important resource for providing digital inclusion in Barbados.

It was also emphasised that implementing the initiative of using public infrastructure for digital inclusion should be done securely.

Hackshaw stressed the importance of implementing the initiative while ensuring the safety and security of public infrastructure. Assistance and advice on securely implementing the initiative were offered during the discussions.

A noteworthy observation from the discussions was Hackshaw expressing gratitude for receiving free chocolate, which symbolised appreciation and recognition.

It was also highlighted that treats like chocolate should be distributed equally, reinforcing the importance of treating everyone with fairness and inclusivity.

In conclusion, the discussions centred around the .post initiative, digital inclusion, and the role of post offices in facilitating digital transformation.

The need for secure and trusted top-level domains, connectivity, and digital literacy were emphasized. The potential of post offices in e-commerce and supporting SMEs was highlighted, as well as the role of post offices in achieving digital inclusion and economic growth.

The secure implementation of using public infrastructure for digital inclusion was underscored, and the importance of treating everyone equally was emphasised.

Report South-South Cooperation for Harnessing Digitalization | IGF 2023 Launch / Award Event #147

The International Observatory on Information and Democracy | IGF 2023 Town Hall #128

Knowledge Graph of Debate
Session report
Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Michael L. Bąk

Michael L. Bąk suggests that democratic governments need to better equip themselves to handle the technology-based challenges to their institutions and values. He highlights the shrinking public space for dialogue due to technological disruptions and argues that self-regulation by tech companies has proven inadequate.

Bąk emphasises the necessity for a common understanding of the impact that technology has on institutions and values. The Forum on Information and Democracy plays a significant role in this regard. It has an observatory that provides policymakers with a systematic understanding of the situation, aiding their decision-making process.

In the upcoming year, the Forum on Information and Democracy will focus on artificial intelligence, media in the digital age, and data governance. Misinformation and disinformation will be cross-cutting themes. The organization plans to conduct working groups, research, and analysis to address these issues.

Bąk believes that the Forum’s structures, specifically its connection with the government while being led by civil society, can effectively address the challenges posed by technology. It operates through multi-stakeholder engagements and develops policy recommendations. While directly engaged with the government, the organization maintains its independence as it is led by civil society.

In summary, Michael L. Bąk argues for democratic governments to enhance their capabilities in handling technology-related challenges to institutions and values. The Forum on Information and Democracy plays a vital role in promoting a common understanding of technology’s impact and addressing key issues. Its unique structures position it effectively to navigate these challenges through multi-stakeholder engagements and policy recommendations.

Jeanette Hofmann

The discussion highlights the need for further research on the impact of disinformation on individuals, particularly in the context of government intervention and regulation. Currently, the focus primarily revolves around the production and circulation of disinformation, with little known about its actual influence on people. Therefore, there is a call for more extensive studies to better understand how disinformation affects individuals.

High-quality journalism is considered an important defence against misinformation. It is noted that countries with a healthy media environment tend to have less disinformation. However, traditional business models for journalism are struggling, partly due to changing attitudes towards news consumption. Nevertheless, there is a strong correlation between the prevalence of disinformation and the state of the media landscape in a region.

Furthermore, high-quality journalism plays a crucial role in democracy. It is regarded as a pillar of democracy and not just a means to combat disinformation, but also to maintain democratic societies. This underscores the significance of supporting and strengthening journalism for the overall health of a democracy.

In addition to examining the production and circulation of disinformation, there is a need to focus on understanding its impact on people’s minds and voting behaviors. The current focus largely neglects this aspect, highlighting the importance of conducting research in this area. Insights into how disinformation affects individuals can provide guidance for designing effective strategies to mitigate harm and protect democratic processes.

An observatory’s work is regarded as valuable in providing context and understanding manipulation and propaganda on social networks and platforms. This work can help fill existing knowledge gaps and shed light on the dynamics of disinformation in online spaces.

The discussion also emphasizes the importance of acknowledging prior research on topics such as manipulation and propaganda, building upon existing knowledge. By doing so, a more comprehensive understanding of these issues can be achieved, incorporating insights gained from research conducted as early as the 1970s.

Additionally, there is a call for comparative digital research, encouraging studies that compare different regions and contexts. This approach can provide valuable insights into the similarities and differences in the impact and spread of disinformation across various regions. However, a concern is raised regarding the lack of data from countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa, indicating a gap in our understanding of the global dynamics of disinformation.

In conclusion, the discussion emphasizes the need for expanded research on the impact of disinformation, the importance of high-quality journalism as a defense against misinformation, the significance of understanding the impact of disinformation on individuals, the role of observatories in examining manipulation and propaganda in online spaces, and the need for comparative digital research. By addressing these areas, a more comprehensive and informed understanding of disinformation can be achieved, facilitating improved strategies to address its consequences and safeguard democratic principles.

Jhala Kakkar

In this analysis, the speakers delve into the intricacies of technology policy and internet regulation, highlighting the need for different approaches tailored to the cultural and governance contexts of different regions. They express concern that much of the technological policy thinking and academic research originates from the West and does not directly translate to the context of the global majority, including countries like India.

One of the main arguments put forward is the necessity of exploring new and innovative approaches to social media platforms. The speakers identify a false dichotomy that exists, whereby social media platforms are either accepted as they currently exist or completely rejected. They advocate for a more nuanced consideration, emphasizing the potential for alternative strategies that better align with societal needs and values.

The importance of collaborative reports from diverse bodies is emphasized in the context of re-evaluating the current approach to internet regulation. The speakers mention that India is in the process of drafting new legislation to replace a 22-year-old piece of internet regulation. They argue that a collaborative report representing global expertise, including governments, civil society, and academic organizations, is crucial for a comprehensive and well-informed approach.

The analysis also addresses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on societies and political campaigns. Specifically, the advent of generative AI, deep fakes, and cheap fakes is a cause for concern, as these technologies have the potential to heighten disinformation and misinformation. The speakers highlight the implications of AI for societal discourse, particularly in the context of political campaigns, where these technologies can be used to manipulate information and deceive the public.

Another critical issue raised in the analysis is the collection of personal and anonymized data by platforms. The concept of surveillance capitalism, where platforms amass extensive amounts of data and utilise it for various purposes, is deemed detrimental. The speakers express concerns about the ability of data to be used to manipulate societies and impact democratic processes. They stress the significance of addressing data governance as a pressing matter in the context of platforms collecting vast amounts of personal information.

In concluding the analysis, the speakers provide valuable insights into the complexities surrounding technology policy and internet regulation. They highlight the need for approaches that consider cultural and governance contexts, rather than basing strategies solely on Western thinking. The exploration of new approaches to social media platforms, the importance of collaborative reports, and the implications of AI and data collection by platforms are all crucial considerations. Ultimately, the analysis sheds light on the challenges and opportunities awaiting policymakers as technology continues to shape societies worldwide.

Ansgar Koene

Ansgar Koene, EY’s Global AI Ethics and Regulatory Leader, focuses on the ethical use of online data and the impact of recommender systems. He emphasises the need to understand online data from the user’s perspective and acknowledges the influential role of recommender systems in shaping the online space. He advocates for responsible and ethical use of these technologies.

Koene holds positions as a trustee at the Five Rights Foundation and as a Data and AI Ethics Advisor at Afro Leadership. He works on examining different sources of online data to guide policymakers and companies in differentiating anecdotes from well-supported evidence. This guidance will enable informed decision-making processes. Koene proposes the establishment of an observatory to collect and analyse global data on online interactions, providing valuable insights for policymaking and corporate governance.

In addition, Koene stresses the importance of amplifying the voices of young people and those outside the core economies of the US and Europe to create a fairer information ecosystem. He collaborates with the Five Rights Foundation on the “Internet in Their Own Voice” project, aiming to understand the views and needs of young people in shaping the online space. Koene believes that these groups are often overlooked, leading to decisions being made without their input. By amplifying their voices, a more equitable and inclusive information ecosystem can be achieved.

Koene highlights the significance of evidence-based policymaking and the need for clear methodologies to track progress. The observatory’s meta-studies will establish a baseline understanding of different methodologies, facilitating evidence-based policy making.

The analysis also addresses challenges posed by emerging technologies and disinformation campaigns. Generative AI presents new challenges, while social media platforms continue to be a concern. Disinformation campaigns driven by particular interest groups remain an ongoing issue. Proactive measures are necessary to mitigate these negative impacts and promote a safe and trustworthy online environment.

In summary, Ansgar Koene’s work encompasses the ethical use of online data, the impact of recommender systems, amplifying marginalized voices, evidence-based policymaking, and addressing challenges from emerging technologies and disinformation campaigns. Koene’s insights serve as a call to action for regulators, policymakers, and industry leaders to actively shape a responsible and inclusive digital landscape.

Courtney Radsch

The analysis explores the need for a comprehensive understanding of global evidence, discussing various aspects related to this topic. Firstly, it highlights the presence of information in sources such as NGO reports, books, and international organizations’ reports. However, it points out that the majority of published research comes from the Global North, potentially resulting in a lack of representation from under-represented regions and causing disparities in regional, cultural, and language understanding.

Furthermore, the analysis acknowledges the influence of funding bodies on research, shaping and limiting its scope. It emphasizes the importance of globally inclusive research, advocating for more attention to be given to under-represented regions and taking into account different languages, cultures, and political environments.

Regarding research methodology, the analysis notes a tendency to prioritize big data. While acknowledging its usefulness, it cautions against potential blind spots that may arise as a result. It argues for an approach that incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methods to gain a more comprehensive understanding.

In addition, the analysis emphasizes the need for structural considerations when examining information and media ecosystems. It suggests that historical and structural conditions and biases are often replicated, necessitating further studies on the political economy and infrastructural aspects of information flow.

A significant concern raised in the analysis is the dominance of big tech monopolies in discussions and policies. The majority of studies focus on entities such as Facebook, Google, Twitter, and WhatsApp. These monopolistic entities not only have economic dominance but also impact policies. The influence of big tech firms in shaping the research agenda through funding, access to data, and lobbying is scrutinized, raising questions about research objectivity and independence.

The analysis also advocates for the inclusion of private sector data and research findings, as they contribute to a wider scope of evidence. Private firms hold many domestic reports on data and AI, making their insights valuable in achieving a more comprehensive understanding.

Another important point emphasized is the significance of studying information flow in its entirety, including media ecosystems. While there is a predominant focus on social media in current studies, neglecting broader media ecosystems can lead to an incomplete picture. The analysis highlights the need to examine mainstream and alternative media alongside social media to gain a comprehensive understanding. It also underscores the importance of studying state-dominated or captured systems and the role of conservative talk radio in shaping information flow.

In the context of AI, large language models, and data, the analysis acknowledges the complexity of the issue, which is constantly evolving. It suggests that studying or affecting one aspect will have implications elsewhere. Additionally, access to data affects our understanding, which subsequently impacts other aspects.

To sum up, the analysis provides valuable insights into the need for a comprehensive understanding of global evidence. It emphasizes globally inclusive research, the incorporation of qualitative and quantitative methods, and structural considerations in examining information and media ecosystems. It raises concerns about big tech monopolies and advocates for the inclusion of private sector data and research findings. The analysis also highlights the significance of studying information flow holistically and addresses the complexity surrounding AI, large language models, and data.

Deborah Allen Rogers

In a recent discussion on research funding, one of the speakers presented a compelling argument challenging traditional funding models. They highlighted the undeniable inflexibility of these models, asserting that they often restrict researchers from diverting their research path mid-project. The speaker emphasised the need for a flexibility clause to be included in research funding, which would enable researchers to better adapt to new discoveries and overcome challenges that may arise during their projects. This argument shed light on the limitations of traditional funding models and ignited a broader conversation about the necessity for research funding to evolve and become more adaptable.

In another aspect of the discussion, a different speaker focused on the importance of redefining expertise in the digital age. They expressed frustration over the fact that policymakers lacking digital expertise often shape policies in the digital realm. The speaker highlighted that younger individuals, who have grown up in the digital age, may possess more digital expertise than policymakers who may be less familiar with rapidly evolving technological advancements. This observation underscored the crucial need for policymaking to be informed by individuals with relevant digital expertise, in order to ensure that policies are effective and well-suited to the digital landscape. The argument put forth by this speaker sparked a thoughtful reflection on the role of expertise and the significance of incorporating it into policymaking processes.

Lastly, a speaker raised a critique of the traditional research paradigm, specifically noting the excessive focus on past studies and minor variations in research outcomes. Drawing from their personal experience, the speaker expressed dissatisfaction with an educational system that predominantly emphasises historical research and fails to encourage a forward-thinking and design-oriented approach. This critique invited a larger conversation about the need to move away from a historical focus in research and explore new avenues that prioritize innovation and problem-solving.

Overall, this discussion highlighted several noteworthy points in relation to research funding, expertise in the digital age, and the direction of research. It shed light on the limitations of traditional funding models, compelling the consideration of a more flexible approach. Furthermore, it underscored the importance of digital expertise in shaping effective policies and the necessity of shifting away from a historical research focus towards a more forward-thinking and design-driven approach. These insights provide valuable perspectives for further exploration and potential improvements in the field of research.

Nnenna Nwakanma

Upon analysing the provided information, several key points and arguments become apparent. Firstly, it is acknowledged that information consumption is widespread and occurs in various forms across different cultures. This is likened to the consumption of bread, which varies in shape, size, and form across different societies. The positive sentiment towards this notion suggests that information is fundamental to human existence.

Democracy is the next topic explored, with an emphasis on its diverse nature. The analysis highlights that democracy can take on different characteristics depending on an individual’s circumstances, similar to how cotton can be heavy, cold, or colourful. The positive sentiment expressed towards this comparison implies that democracy can be customised and adopted in different ways to suit different needs and contexts.

Furthermore, the importance of recognising the cultural nuances and varying approaches to information and democracy is underscored. It is argued that a one-size-fits-all approach is inadequate, and understanding the complexities across continents, countries, and socio-political-economic circumstances is crucial for a comprehensive analysis. This positive stance suggests that nuanced perspectives should be considered to address inequalities and foster peace, justice, and strong institutions.

The analysis also highlights the significance of responding to the needs of governments and promoting dialogue. It is posited that catering to the requirements of governments is vital for the value and relevance of initiatives. This sentiment emphasises the importance of aligning development policies with the needs of various stakeholders, especially governments, to drive effective change.

Another key point raised is the notion that information about individuals never truly disappears, even after death. This neutral sentiment reflects the enduring impact that personal information can have and reinforces the need for data privacy and management.

The importance of understanding before regulating is expressed in the analysis. Rushing into regulation without a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter is cautioned against, as it can lead to adverse outcomes. The negative sentiment towards premature regulation highlights the potential dangers of making decisions based on panic or hype. It is argued that evidence-based decision-making is essential to ensure effective and well-informed regulation.

Additionally, Nnenna Nwakanma’s perspective on regulation is explored further. She emphasises the significance of regulating based on principles rather than specific products or companies. This positive sentiment suggests the need for a broader regulatory framework that focuses on underlying principles and values. Furthermore, Nnenna Nwakanma advocates for promoting dialogue and fostering collaboration to inform regulatory discussions, as evidenced by her experiences with software regulation and her endorsement of platforms like the Internet Governance Forum (IGF).

The analysis also highlights Nnenna Nwakanma’s positive view of the shift of power from governments and global northern media to private platforms. She appreciates the democratization of media through these platforms and gains insights into power dynamics during her visit to the Meta Campus in Menlo Park. This viewpoint implies a belief that a more balanced distribution of power benefits society and reduces inequalities.

Moreover, Nnenna Nwakanma’s philosophy of raising new leaders and prioritising humility in leadership is underscored. Her commitment to training individuals and enabling them to take the lead is highlighted as a positive sentiment. This aligns with the goal of achieving peace, justice, and strong institutions as outlined by SDG 16.

In conclusion, the extended summary provides a detailed analysis of the main points highlighted in the given data. The arguments made by various speakers shed light on the universal nature of information consumption, the diverse forms of democracy, the need for nuanced approaches, the importance of responding to government needs, the persistence of personal information, the significance of understanding before regulation, and the perspectives of Nnenna Nwakanma on regulating based on principles, the shift of power in media, and leadership development. The nuanced analysis offers valuable insights into these topics and serves as a foundation for further exploration and dialogue.

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He advocates for responsible and ethical use of these technologies.

This guidance will enable informed decision-making processes. Koene proposes the establishment of an observatory to collect and analyse global data on online interactions, providing valuable insights for policymaking and corporate governance.

In addition, Koene stresses the importance of amplifying the voices of young people and those outside the core economies of the US and Europe to create a fairer information ecosystem.

He collaborates with the Five Rights Foundation on the “Internet in Their Own Voice” project, aiming to understand the views and needs of young people in shaping the online space. Koene believes that these groups are often overlooked, leading to decisions being made without their input.

By amplifying their voices, a more equitable and inclusive information ecosystem can be achieved.

The analysis also addresses challenges posed by emerging technologies and disinformation campaigns.

Generative AI presents new challenges, while social media platforms continue to be a concern. Disinformation campaigns driven by particular interest groups remain an ongoing issue. Proactive measures are necessary to mitigate these negative impacts and promote a safe and trustworthy online environment.

Koene’s insights serve as a call to action for regulators, policymakers, and industry leaders to actively shape a responsible and inclusive digital landscape.

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Furthermore, the analysis acknowledges the influence of funding bodies on research, shaping and limiting its scope.

It emphasizes the importance of globally inclusive research, advocating for more attention to be given to under-represented regions and taking into account different languages, cultures, and political environments.

Regarding research methodology, the analysis notes a tendency to prioritize big data.

While acknowledging its usefulness, it cautions against potential blind spots that may arise as a result. It argues for an approach that incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methods to gain a more comprehensive understanding.

In addition, the analysis emphasizes the need for structural considerations when examining information and media ecosystems.

It suggests that historical and structural conditions and biases are often replicated, necessitating further studies on the political economy and infrastructural aspects of information flow.

A significant concern raised in the analysis is the dominance of big tech monopolies in discussions and policies.

The majority of studies focus on entities such as Facebook, Google, Twitter, and WhatsApp. These monopolistic entities not only have economic dominance but also impact policies. The influence of big tech firms in shaping the research agenda through funding, access to data, and lobbying is scrutinized, raising questions about research objectivity and independence.

The analysis also advocates for the inclusion of private sector data and research findings, as they contribute to a wider scope of evidence.

Private firms hold many domestic reports on data and AI, making their insights valuable in achieving a more comprehensive understanding.

The analysis highlights the need to examine mainstream and alternative media alongside social media to gain a comprehensive understanding. It also underscores the importance of studying state-dominated or captured systems and the role of conservative talk radio in shaping information flow.

In the context of AI, large language models, and data, the analysis acknowledges the complexity of the issue, which is constantly evolving.

It suggests that studying or affecting one aspect will have implications elsewhere. Additionally, access to data affects our understanding, which subsequently impacts other aspects.

To sum up, the analysis provides valuable insights into the need for a comprehensive understanding of global evidence.

It emphasizes globally inclusive research, the incorporation of qualitative and quantitative methods, and structural considerations in examining information and media ecosystems. It raises concerns about big tech monopolies and advocates for the inclusion of private sector data and research findings.

The analysis also highlights the significance of studying information flow holistically and addresses the complexity surrounding AI, large language models, and data.

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The speaker emphasised the need for a flexibility clause to be included in research funding, which would enable researchers to better adapt to new discoveries and overcome challenges that may arise during their projects. This argument shed light on the limitations of traditional funding models and ignited a broader conversation about the necessity for research funding to evolve and become more adaptable.

In another aspect of the discussion, a different speaker focused on the importance of redefining expertise in the digital age.

They expressed frustration over the fact that policymakers lacking digital expertise often shape policies in the digital realm. The speaker highlighted that younger individuals, who have grown up in the digital age, may possess more digital expertise than policymakers who may be less familiar with rapidly evolving technological advancements.

This observation underscored the crucial need for policymaking to be informed by individuals with relevant digital expertise, in order to ensure that policies are effective and well-suited to the digital landscape. The argument put forth by this speaker sparked a thoughtful reflection on the role of expertise and the significance of incorporating it into policymaking processes.

Lastly, a speaker raised a critique of the traditional research paradigm, specifically noting the excessive focus on past studies and minor variations in research outcomes.

Drawing from their personal experience, the speaker expressed dissatisfaction with an educational system that predominantly emphasises historical research and fails to encourage a forward-thinking and design-oriented approach. This critique invited a larger conversation about the need to move away from a historical focus in research and explore new avenues that prioritize innovation and problem-solving.

Overall, this discussion highlighted several noteworthy points in relation to research funding, expertise in the digital age, and the direction of research.

It shed light on the limitations of traditional funding models, compelling the consideration of a more flexible approach. Furthermore, it underscored the importance of digital expertise in shaping effective policies and the necessity of shifting away from a historical research focus towards a more forward-thinking and design-driven approach.

These insights provide valuable perspectives for further exploration and potential improvements in the field of research.

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Therefore, there is a call for more extensive studies to better understand how disinformation affects individuals.

High-quality journalism is considered an important defence against misinformation. It is noted that countries with a healthy media environment tend to have less disinformation.

However, traditional business models for journalism are struggling, partly due to changing attitudes towards news consumption. Nevertheless, there is a strong correlation between the prevalence of disinformation and the state of the media landscape in a region.

Furthermore, high-quality journalism plays a crucial role in democracy.

It is regarded as a pillar of democracy and not just a means to combat disinformation, but also to maintain democratic societies. This underscores the significance of supporting and strengthening journalism for the overall health of a democracy.

In addition to examining the production and circulation of disinformation, there is a need to focus on understanding its impact on people’s minds and voting behaviors.

The current focus largely neglects this aspect, highlighting the importance of conducting research in this area. Insights into how disinformation affects individuals can provide guidance for designing effective strategies to mitigate harm and protect democratic processes.

An observatory’s work is regarded as valuable in providing context and understanding manipulation and propaganda on social networks and platforms.

This work can help fill existing knowledge gaps and shed light on the dynamics of disinformation in online spaces.

The discussion also emphasizes the importance of acknowledging prior research on topics such as manipulation and propaganda, building upon existing knowledge.

By doing so, a more comprehensive understanding of these issues can be achieved, incorporating insights gained from research conducted as early as the 1970s.

Additionally, there is a call for comparative digital research, encouraging studies that compare different regions and contexts.

This approach can provide valuable insights into the similarities and differences in the impact and spread of disinformation across various regions. However, a concern is raised regarding the lack of data from countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa, indicating a gap in our understanding of the global dynamics of disinformation.

By addressing these areas, a more comprehensive and informed understanding of disinformation can be achieved, facilitating improved strategies to address its consequences and safeguard democratic principles.

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One of the main arguments put forward is the necessity of exploring new and innovative approaches to social media platforms.

The speakers identify a false dichotomy that exists, whereby social media platforms are either accepted as they currently exist or completely rejected. They advocate for a more nuanced consideration, emphasizing the potential for alternative strategies that better align with societal needs and values.

The importance of collaborative reports from diverse bodies is emphasized in the context of re-evaluating the current approach to internet regulation.

The speakers mention that India is in the process of drafting new legislation to replace a 22-year-old piece of internet regulation. They argue that a collaborative report representing global expertise, including governments, civil society, and academic organizations, is crucial for a comprehensive and well-informed approach.

The analysis also addresses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on societies and political campaigns.

Specifically, the advent of generative AI, deep fakes, and cheap fakes is a cause for concern, as these technologies have the potential to heighten disinformation and misinformation. The speakers highlight the implications of AI for societal discourse, particularly in the context of political campaigns, where these technologies can be used to manipulate information and deceive the public.

Another critical issue raised in the analysis is the collection of personal and anonymized data by platforms.

The concept of surveillance capitalism, where platforms amass extensive amounts of data and utilise it for various purposes, is deemed detrimental. The speakers express concerns about the ability of data to be used to manipulate societies and impact democratic processes.

They stress the significance of addressing data governance as a pressing matter in the context of platforms collecting vast amounts of personal information.

In concluding the analysis, the speakers provide valuable insights into the complexities surrounding technology policy and internet regulation.

They highlight the need for approaches that consider cultural and governance contexts, rather than basing strategies solely on Western thinking. The exploration of new approaches to social media platforms, the importance of collaborative reports, and the implications of AI and data collection by platforms are all crucial considerations.

Ultimately, the analysis sheds light on the challenges and opportunities awaiting policymakers as technology continues to shape societies worldwide.

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The positive sentiment towards this notion suggests that information is fundamental to human existence.

The positive sentiment expressed towards this comparison implies that democracy can be customised and adopted in different ways to suit different needs and contexts.

Furthermore, the importance of recognising the cultural nuances and varying approaches to information and democracy is underscored.

It is argued that a one-size-fits-all approach is inadequate, and understanding the complexities across continents, countries, and socio-political-economic circumstances is crucial for a comprehensive analysis. This positive stance suggests that nuanced perspectives should be considered to address inequalities and foster peace, justice, and strong institutions.

The analysis also highlights the significance of responding to the needs of governments and promoting dialogue.

It is posited that catering to the requirements of governments is vital for the value and relevance of initiatives. This sentiment emphasises the importance of aligning development policies with the needs of various stakeholders, especially governments, to drive effective change.

Another key point raised is the notion that information about individuals never truly disappears, even after death.

This neutral sentiment reflects the enduring impact that personal information can have and reinforces the need for data privacy and management.

The negative sentiment towards premature regulation highlights the potential dangers of making decisions based on panic or hype. It is argued that evidence-based decision-making is essential to ensure effective and well-informed regulation.

Additionally, Nnenna Nwakanma’s perspective on regulation is explored further.

She emphasises the significance of regulating based on principles rather than specific products or companies. This positive sentiment suggests the need for a broader regulatory framework that focuses on underlying principles and values. Furthermore, Nnenna Nwakanma advocates for promoting dialogue and fostering collaboration to inform regulatory discussions, as evidenced by her experiences with software regulation and her endorsement of platforms like the Internet Governance Forum (IGF).

The analysis also highlights Nnenna Nwakanma’s positive view of the shift of power from governments and global northern media to private platforms.

She appreciates the democratization of media through these platforms and gains insights into power dynamics during her visit to the Meta Campus in Menlo Park. This viewpoint implies a belief that a more balanced distribution of power benefits society and reduces inequalities.

Moreover, Nnenna Nwakanma’s philosophy of raising new leaders and prioritising humility in leadership is underscored.

Her commitment to training individuals and enabling them to take the lead is highlighted as a positive sentiment. This aligns with the goal of achieving peace, justice, and strong institutions as outlined by SDG 16.

In conclusion, the extended summary provides a detailed analysis of the main points highlighted in the given data.

The arguments made by various speakers shed light on the universal nature of information consumption, the diverse forms of democracy, the need for nuanced approaches, the importance of responding to government needs, the persistence of personal information, the significance of understanding before regulation, and the perspectives of Nnenna Nwakanma on regulating based on principles, the shift of power in media, and leadership development.

The nuanced analysis offers valuable insights into these topics and serves as a foundation for further exploration and dialogue.

Rule of Law for Data Governance | IGF 2023 Open Forum #50

Knowledge Graph of Debate
Session report
Speakers

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Moderator 2

The second session of the roundtable discussion began with Mr. Fang Yu, Director of the Internet Law Research Centre of China Academy of Information and Communications Technology. He provided valuable insights into the field and emphasized the importance of Internet law in the rapidly evolving digital landscape. Following Mr. Fang Yu, Mr. Lee Makiyama from Brussels shared his perspectives, contributing interesting ideas to the discussion.

Next, Ms. Wang Rong, a senior expert from Tencent Research Institute, offered her valuable insights on the topic. She shed light on the significance of research and development in the context of internet technology and its implications for legal regulation.

Continuing the discussion, Mr. Zhu Ran, Vice President of Alibaba Cloud Intelligence Group, shared his profound insights into the advancements of cloud computing in relation to internet law. His perspectives highlighted the need for effective legal frameworks to address the challenges and opportunities presented by cloud computing technologies.

The final speaker, Professor Zhao Jingwu from Beihang University’s Law School, delivered a thought-provoking presentation. He explored various legal aspects of internet governance and emphasized the need for comprehensive legal frameworks to address emerging digital issues.

Despite the time limitation, the forum concluded on an optimistic note, expressing the desire for more in-depth exchanges and discussions in the future. The participants and speakers were sincerely thanked for their wisdom and efforts in contributing to the open forum.

Moreover, the UNIGF was acknowledged for its vital role in providing a relevant dialogue platform for global stakeholders to engage in meaningful discussions on internet law and governance.

In summary, the second session of the roundtable discussion featured a diverse range of speakers who presented their perspectives on various aspects of internet law. The insights and arguments shared highlighted the need for robust legal frameworks to navigate the complexities of the digital era. The forum concluded with a shared commitment to further exploration and collaboration in this important field.

Fang Yu

The digitisation of our world is a key trend in the 21st century, with the digital economy and the internet becoming indispensable global goods. This has resulted in the need for new laws and regulations to effectively govern the cyberspace.

The digital economy is rapidly developing, and the internet plays a crucial role in its growth. It is now an integral part of our lives, facilitating communication, commerce, and innovation on a global scale. The significance of the digital economy is further emphasised by its relation to SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.

Data legislation plays a fundamental role in enabling the effective use of data in the digital economy. It is divided into three key areas: data security, personal information protection, and data value. Data security focuses on ensuring that data is used effectively without compromising national security and stability. Personal information protection is vital as it ensures individuals have control over their private data and prevents unauthorised access or misuse. Realising the value of data is essential for the digital economy, as it drives innovation, creates new opportunities, and contributes to economic growth. The importance of data legislation aligns with SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions.

Furthermore, the issue of data governance is a long-term concern in the face of the growing digital economy. It is recognised that effective data governance is crucial to address the challenges and risks associated with handling vast amounts of data. Data governance offers the potential to enhance the level of data governance and ensure the benefits of the digital economy are shared among all stakeholders. This aligns with SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals.

In conclusion, the digitisation of our world and the growth of the digital economy have necessitated the development of new laws and regulations to govern the cyberspace. Data legislation, including data security, personal information protection, and data value, is imperative for the digital economy to thrive. Moreover, data governance is a long-term issue that requires attention to improve the level of data governance and maximise the benefits of the digital economy for all.

Moderator 1

The expanded summary provides a detailed analysis of the importance of fair and effective data governance for public benefits and sustainable development. It emphasizes the role of data in driving economic innovation and social development, highlighting its significance in today’s society where it has become a key driver of innovation and development.

The analysis recognizes that data application and governance present both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, data has the potential to bring about significant positive impact by informing decision-making processes, driving economic growth, and fostering social progress. However, it also raises concerns about privacy, security, and ethical considerations. Therefore, it is crucial to have effective data governance to maximize the benefits of data while mitigating potential risks and negative consequences.

To address the complex nature of data governance, the analysis suggests the need for multi-stakeholder forums that facilitate the exchange of insights on data-related applications and governance. These forums aim to bring together representatives from government, civil society, the technology community, and the private sector on a global scale. By fostering collaboration and knowledge-sharing, these forums can contribute to the development of fair and effective data governance frameworks that address the concerns and interests of all stakeholders.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the critical role of data in driving economic innovation and social development. It underscores the importance of fair and effective data governance to maximize the benefits of data while addressing the challenges and concerns associated with its use. The suggestion to hold multi-stakeholder forums reflects the need for a collaborative approach to data governance, where different perspectives are considered to develop comprehensive and inclusive frameworks. The expanded summary provides valuable insights into the significance of data governance for public benefits and sustainable development.

Wang Rong

The Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) in China is gaining recognition for its alignment with international standards. The law covers all sectors, including private and public, ensuring comprehensive protection of personal information.

Platform companies like Tencent stand to benefit from the strict provisions of the PIPL. Tencent has developed systematic tools for data privacy compliance and is committed to protecting user privacy and data compliance. They have also been at the forefront of developing privacy technologies such as the Linxi privacy platform, Federated learning, Trusted computing, and Secure multi-party computing.

In addition to technical solutions, Tencent focuses on giving users more control and transparency in their products. They aim to empower users with informed choices regarding their personal information.

The PIPL in China is seen as a positive development in personal information protection and data compliance. It sets a high standard for businesses, particularly platform companies like Tencent, who demonstrate their dedication to safeguarding user privacy and complying with the law.

Overall, the PIPL and Tencent’s initiatives contribute to the broader goal of data privacy. They encourage companies to prioritize user privacy and comply with regulations, positioning Tencent as an early adopter and industry leader in personal information protection.

Zhu Ran

The Chinese government has consistently upheld the principle of governing the Internet in accordance with the law, recognizing the rule of law on the Internet as vital for digital governance and the advancement of digital civilization. This commitment to legal governance of the Internet reflects a positive sentiment towards ensuring a secure and regulated online environment.

Alibaba Cloud Intelligence Group has played a significant role in cloud-based data governance, offering a range of cloud services to clients from over 200 countries and regions worldwide. Their services include computing, storage, networking, data processing, and security protection, all aimed at effective data management and governance. This demonstrates Alibaba’s strong commitment to data governance and their contributions towards advancing the goal of industry, innovation, and infrastructure.

To strengthen their data compliance governance further, Alibaba Cloud has obtained important certifications, such as ISO 27001 and CSA Star certification. Having also earned PCI DSS certification in the financial field, Alibaba Cloud’s dedication to data compliance is evident. These certifications not only validate their commitment to industry standards but also assure clients of their compliance and security measures.

Alibaba Cloud continues to prioritize data governance by implementing technical guarantees for data security on their cloud platform. They have developed a system that classifies various types of data on the cloud, ensuring secure usage, entry, and exit of data. This commitment to technical guarantees fosters confidence among their clients and ensures that data security remains a top priority.

The release of Alibaba Cloud’s Data Security and Privacy Protection White Paper further emphasizes their focus on safeguarding data. This document highlights the best practices of applying cloud computing to protect data security. Such transparency and information sharing contribute to increasing awareness and understanding of data privacy and security.

Alibaba Cloud takes a proactive stance in supporting data privacy and security. They have launched a data security initiative that emphasizes the importance of cloud computing platforms being solely used for protecting customer data. They believe that platforms have an obligation to help protect the privacy, integrity, and availability of client data. This demonstrates their commitment to ethical data practices and their support for a secure online environment.

In conclusion, the Chinese government’s commitment to governing the Internet in accordance with the law, along with Alibaba Cloud’s significant contributions to cloud-based data governance and commitment to data compliance and security, reflects a positive sentiment towards ensuring secure and regulated online environments. Alibaba Cloud’s technical guarantees, white paper, and proactive stance further reinforce their dedication to data privacy and security. These efforts serve as an example for other organizations and emphasize the importance of upholding data governance standards for the advancement of the industry, innovation, and infrastructure goal.

Hosuk Lee-Makiyama

The analysis reveals significant aspects of cross-border data flow and its legal implications. It suggests that jurisdictional issues have largely been addressed, as many jurisdictions have expanded their reach and established a legal basis for cross-border data regulation. This expansion reflects the recognition of the importance of regulating data flows beyond national borders.

Additionally, the analysis underscores the importance of harmonizing and aligning laws to facilitate cross-border data flow. It argues that built-in transfer mechanisms within privacy laws and expedited data sharing processes can enhance efficiency and collaboration among agencies. This highlights the necessity of a cohesive legal framework for seamless data exchange.

The analysis also highlights the progressive evolution of the rule of law on the internet. By codifying rules and regulations, there is greater legal clarity compared to relying solely on executive orders. This signifies a positive step toward establishing a solid legal foundation to govern online activities and ensure accountability.

Furthermore, the analysis challenges the notion of a fictitious debate around ‘trust’ in data governance. Despite varying societal backgrounds, agencies worldwide are working toward similar data governance goals. This implies the potential for common ground and shared objectives, fostering trust through collaborative efforts.

Overall, the analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the progress made in addressing cross-border data flow challenges. It emphasizes the importance of jurisdictional expansion, harmonization of laws, clear regulations, and collaborative data governance. These insights shed light on the complexities associated with cross-border data flow and the ongoing efforts to navigate them while promoting trust and accountability.

Tang Lei

China has been dedicated to promoting law-based cyberspace governance ever since it became fully connected to the Internet in 1994. The country has taken significant steps to establish a comprehensive legal framework by enacting more than 140 laws pertaining to cyberspace. This legislation serves as the basis for governing and regulating the online environment in China.

One of China’s key arguments is that it champions the interests of all countries in promoting law-based cyberspace governance. The country believes that all nations should adhere to legal principles and frameworks to ensure a safe and secure online space for everyone. China’s commitment to this ideal is evident in the number of laws it has enacted and the efforts it has made to create a robust legal framework for cyberspace governance.

Furthermore, China emphasises the importance of equal participation in global cyberspace governance. It supports the involvement of all nations on an equal footing and actively engages in international exchanges and cooperation in the field of law-based cyberspace governance. By promoting inclusivity and collaboration, China seeks to foster a global community that works together to address the challenges and opportunities in cyberspace.

China also recognises the need for constant innovation and adaptation to keep up with the evolving technological landscape. It acknowledges the challenges posed by new Internet technologies and responds to them in a forward-looking manner. By promoting innovation in the concept, content, approach, and methods of law-based cyberspace governance, China ensures that its legal frameworks remain relevant and effective in addressing emerging issues.

In conclusion, China’s efforts in promoting law-based cyberspace governance are commendable. The country has enacted numerous laws and established a comprehensive legal framework to govern the online environment. China advocates for the interests of all countries and supports equal participation in global cyberspace governance. Additionally, it emphasises innovation in adapting to the challenges brought by new Internet technologies. Overall, China’s commitment to law-based cyberspace governance contributes to a safer and more secure online space for people worldwide.

Zhao Jingwu

In today’s digital society, data security and cross-border data flow have emerged as crucial issues. Data has become a vital element in the national innovative development of countries. The ability to securely transfer data across borders is not only important for domestic data security regulation and commercial utilization but also essential for promoting the global digital economy.

China, for instance, has taken steps to address the governance of cross-border data flow through its domestic law. The country has implemented clear rules that classify cross-border data flow into four categories. However, its governance model is seen as lacking openness and cooperation. While China acknowledges the importance of data security, there is also a need to balance it with utilization. The coexistence of security and utilization is considered essential in the China data governance system.

On the other hand, there are arguments against unrestricted cross-border data flow without proper attention to data security. Pursuing data flow without considering data security risks compromises the exchange value of data and can lead to security vulnerabilities such as data linkage and theft. It is important to strike a balance between the free flow of data and the necessary security measures to safeguard sensitive information.

Another concern is the politicization of data security, particularly in relation to China. There is an international perception that China follows a path of data controlism, essentially politicizing the issue of data security. This perception raises questions and highlights the importance of ensuring data security without unnecessary politicization.

In conclusion, ensuring the security of data flow is critical in today’s digital society. While China has defined rules for cross-border data flow, its governance model is viewed as lacking openness and cooperation. Striking a balance between security and utilization is key to effective governance. Additionally, pursuing unrestricted data flow without considering data security risks compromising the exchange value of data. The observation that the issue of data security can be politicized, particularly with China’s perceived approach, raises further concerns.

Wang Yi

The analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the personal information protection laws and data governance in China. It highlights some unique characteristics of China’s personal information protection laws and their approach to balancing the protection and utilization of personal information. Specifically, China’s civil code distinguishes between the right to privacy and the right to personal information protection. This distinction allows for a nuanced understanding of personal information and ensures that individuals’ rights are safeguarded while also promoting the responsible use of personal data.

In terms of data governance, the analysis reveals that in China, there is a consensus that data carries a wide range of interests beyond personal and property interests. This understanding indicates a broader perspective on data and its potential for various applications. The analysis suggests that data is non-exhaustible and can be used by multiple entities simultaneously. This recognition underscores the importance of developing comprehensive data governance frameworks that account for the diverse interests associated with data.

Notably, the analysis explores two main perspectives on data governance in China. The first perspective advocates for establishing property rights over data. This approach requires defining the boundaries of rights for different entities, ensuring that ownership and control over data are clearly defined. The second perspective focuses on access to data through lawful behaviours. This view prioritises the establishment of regulations and guidelines that govern the appropriate uses and accessibility of data. Both perspectives demonstrate the need to navigate the complex challenges surrounding data governance and strike a balance between individual rights and collective interests.

The analysis also acknowledges that China’s governance practices in this field could offer valuable insights for other jurisdictions facing similar concerns. It highlights the potential for China’s experience to serve as a reference for state governments worldwide grappling with data regulation and governance issues. By examining China’s approach, other jurisdictions may gain useful knowledge and strategies for developing effective policies and frameworks to protect personal information and regulate data usage.

In conclusion, the analysis sheds light on the distinctive features of personal information protection laws and data governance in China. It underscores the importance of balancing the protection of personal information with the need for responsible utilization. Furthermore, it emphasises the recognition of data as carrying a wide range of interests and the necessity of establishing comprehensive data governance frameworks. Overall, the analysis contributes valuable insights and recommendations for the ongoing global conversation on data governance and personal information protection.

Zheng Junfang

Alibaba, a prominent player in the digital economy, has been instrumental in connecting merchants and consumers through the use of data. This connection has revolutionized commercial operations, making them smarter, more transparent, and highly efficient. By harnessing the vast amount of data at their disposal, Alibaba has created a platform that facilitates seamless transactions between merchants and consumers, driving growth and prosperity in the digital ecosystem.

With a global reach that serves nearly 10 million merchants and 1.3 billion consumers worldwide, Alibaba continues to create greater value for customers and society as a whole. Their positive impact on the digital economy is evident through their ability to leverage internet technology to foster innovation and develop industries.

However, Alibaba acknowledges the challenges presented by data governance in the rapidly advancing digital economy. They are advocates for a law-based approach to data governance, recognizing the importance of protecting personal information, intellectual property rights, and ensuring network and data security. By acknowledging the risks associated with extensive data usage, Alibaba emphasizes the need for a robust legal framework to support a thriving digital economy.

In alignment with their commitment to responsible data management, Alibaba emphasizes the importance of AI technology serving humanity’s interests while safeguarding personal privacy and data security. Their efforts in this regard are exemplified by their launch of large-language model R&D in 2019 and the recent introduction of their ethical risk review management system. By proactively adhering to AI regulations, Alibaba ensures the advancement and stability of AI technology while prioritizing personal privacy and data security.

In conclusion, Alibaba’s significant impact on the digital economy is indisputable. Their role in connecting merchants and consumers through intelligent data usage has revolutionized commercial operations, promoting efficiency and transparency. Moreover, Alibaba’s dedication to law-based data governance and ethical AI practices underpin their commitment to responsible data management. Overall, Alibaba’s positive contributions to the digital economy firmly establish them as a global leader in the industry.

Jesus Lau

Mexico is currently facing challenges in data handling, specifically regarding data literacy and data protection. A significant concern is the lack of necessary skills amongst many citizens to understand and effectively utilize data. To address this issue, there is a need to raise awareness and promote the importance of data literacy and its benefits for personal and professional development.

Mexico has taken steps to ensure data protection by including it in Article 16 of its Constitution. The country has a solid rule of law regarding data governance, which encompasses principles and practices that ensure fair, transparent, and consistent management and governance of data within organizations and society. This provides a strong foundation for data protection.

However, Mexico still faces difficulties in data handling. Data breaches, with hackers targeting both private and government repositories, pose significant threats. This highlights the need for robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard sensitive information.

Legislative lag is also a concern. Data protection legislation often falls behind technological advancements and emerging threats, making it difficult to effectively address data security issues. It is essential to update and strengthen legislation to keep up with the evolving landscape of data handling.

Government ethics in data handling is another aspect that needs attention. Ensuring transparency, accountability, and ethical practices in the collection, storage, and use of data by government entities is vital to foster trust and protect citizens’ privacy.

Additionally, the widespread use of social media and the tracking of individuals’ data present further challenges in data handling. Stricter regulations and better controls are required to manage the risks associated with the use of personal data on social media platforms.

To overcome these challenges, Mexico should prioritize data and information literacy education and training. This could involve offering courses on data and algorithmic literacy and providing access to data analysis tools and resources. By prioritizing data literacy education at both individual and organizational levels, Mexico can empower its citizens to understand and make informed choices about their digital presence in cyberspace.

In conclusion, Mexico faces various challenges in data handling, including limited data literacy, data breaches, legislative lag, government ethics, and social media tracking. It is essential for the country to promote data literacy, strengthen data protection measures, update legislation, ensure government ethics, and regulate social media data handling. By prioritizing data and information literacy education and training, Mexico can empower its citizens to engage with data effectively and confidently navigate the digital world.

Xu Zhiyuan

China has implemented a comprehensive legal framework to effectively manage the flow of data across borders. This framework consists of three key laws: cybersecurity laws, data security law, and personal information protection law. These laws serve as a solid foundation for regulating and safeguarding the transfer of data.

To support these laws, the Chinese government has implemented additional measures. These include data export security assessments, which require the export or import of data or a certain amount of personal information to undergo a thorough security evaluation. This assessment ensures that data leaving or entering the country meets the necessary security standards.

Furthermore, standard contracts are signed between personal information processors and overseas recipients. These contracts outline the rights and obligations of both parties, providing a legal framework for the safe and responsible transfer of personal information. Additionally, China has established detailed rules for personal information protection certification. These certifications are conducted by professional institutions approved by the China Administration of Cybersecurity (CAC). They evaluate the measures taken by personal information processors to protect and manage personal information in accordance with regulations set by the China Information and Communication Administration (CIC).

China’s commitment to the safe and orderly flow of data across borders is evident in its efforts to create a supportive environment for data exchange. The State Council of China has issued a special document that establishes a streamlined process, known as the “green channel,” for qualified foreign investment enterprises. This green channel enables these enterprises to effectively conduct outbound security assessments of important data and personal information.

Additionally, the CIC has drafted special regulations on cross-border data flow and is seeking public opinions to further promote the orderly and free flow of data. These proactive measures demonstrate China’s determination to facilitate secure data exchange and support the growth of the digital economy.

China also emphasizes the importance of international cooperation and open engagement to promote the development of the digital economy. The establishment of a comprehensive legal system for managing transborder data flow, along with China’s proposal to explore convenient security management mechanisms for cross-border data flow, reflects its commitment to collaboration and partnerships.

In conclusion, China has taken significant steps to establish a robust legal system for managing the flow of data across its borders. The introduction of cybersecurity laws, data security law, and personal information protection law, along with the implementation of data export security assessments, standard contracts, and personal information protection certifications, demonstrates China’s dedication to the safe and orderly flow of data. With a strong focus on international cooperation and support for the digital economy, China is positioning itself as a key player in facilitating secure and efficient data exchange on a global scale.

Neil Walsh

The importance of data governance in personal, national, and international security is emphasised in the provided information. With data driving our thought processes and daily activities, its governance becomes critical. This highlights the need for effective management and protection of data to ensure security at various levels.

Another key point highlighted is the need for good legislative and governance mechanisms for managing data. It is mentioned that the governance of raw and segmented data often lacks clarity, indicating the importance of establishing clear frameworks and guidelines for data management.

Furthermore, there is an urgent call for a comprehensive law and policy framework to assess threats and prosecute offenders in the cyber realm. This is prompted by a recent devastating cyber attack in Eastern Africa that had significant impacts on the economy and security of the affected country. The lack of involvement from countries in Eastern Africa in convention work is noted, which is discouraging considering the need for collective efforts in addressing cybercrime.

In the context of the Cybercrime Convention, it is advocated that all factions, including NGOs, civil society, and academia, should be involved in the debate. This inclusivity is seen as essential despite the diplomatic difficulty arising from the divergent views of countries involved. It is important to consider different perspectives and input from various stakeholders to ensure a well-rounded and effective approach to tackling cybercrime.

Additionally, the significance of active listening and open communication for preventive diplomacy is highlighted. It is acknowledged that active listening and dialogue among individuals and nations are essential tools in the pursuit of preventive diplomacy. This process enables understanding, cooperation, and the building of partnerships to address conflicts and maintain peace.

In conclusion, the provided information underscores the importance of data governance in personal, national, and international security. It highlights the need for legislative and governance mechanisms to effectively manage data. Furthermore, the urgency for a comprehensive law and policy framework to address cyber threats and prosecute offenders is emphasised. The importance of inclusivity in the debate surrounding the Cybercrime Convention, involving various factions and stakeholders, is also stressed. Finally, the significance of active listening and open communication for preventive diplomacy is acknowledged.

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To support these laws, the Chinese government has implemented additional measures.

These include data export security assessments, which require the export or import of data or a certain amount of personal information to undergo a thorough security evaluation. This assessment ensures that data leaving or entering the country meets the necessary security standards.

Furthermore, standard contracts are signed between personal information processors and overseas recipients.

These contracts outline the rights and obligations of both parties, providing a legal framework for the safe and responsible transfer of personal information. Additionally, China has established detailed rules for personal information protection certification. These certifications are conducted by professional institutions approved by the China Administration of Cybersecurity (CAC).

They evaluate the measures taken by personal information processors to protect and manage personal information in accordance with regulations set by the China Information and Communication Administration (CIC).

China’s commitment to the safe and orderly flow of data across borders is evident in its efforts to create a supportive environment for data exchange.

The State Council of China has issued a special document that establishes a streamlined process, known as the “green channel,” for qualified foreign investment enterprises. This green channel enables these enterprises to effectively conduct outbound security assessments of important data and personal information.

Additionally, the CIC has drafted special regulations on cross-border data flow and is seeking public opinions to further promote the orderly and free flow of data.

These proactive measures demonstrate China’s determination to facilitate secure data exchange and support the growth of the digital economy.

China also emphasizes the importance of international cooperation and open engagement to promote the development of the digital economy.

The establishment of a comprehensive legal system for managing transborder data flow, along with China’s proposal to explore convenient security management mechanisms for cross-border data flow, reflects its commitment to collaboration and partnerships.

In conclusion, China has taken significant steps to establish a robust legal system for managing the flow of data across its borders.

The introduction of cybersecurity laws, data security law, and personal information protection law, along with the implementation of data export security assessments, standard contracts, and personal information protection certifications, demonstrates China’s dedication to the safe and orderly flow of data.

With a strong focus on international cooperation and support for the digital economy, China is positioning itself as a key player in facilitating secure and efficient data exchange on a global scale.

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China, for instance, has taken steps to address the governance of cross-border data flow through its domestic law.

The country has implemented clear rules that classify cross-border data flow into four categories. However, its governance model is seen as lacking openness and cooperation. While China acknowledges the importance of data security, there is also a need to balance it with utilization.

The coexistence of security and utilization is considered essential in the China data governance system.

It is important to strike a balance between the free flow of data and the necessary security measures to safeguard sensitive information.

This perception raises questions and highlights the importance of ensuring data security without unnecessary politicization.

Striking a balance between security and utilization is key to effective governance. Additionally, pursuing unrestricted data flow without considering data security risks compromising the exchange value of data. The observation that the issue of data security can be politicized, particularly with China’s perceived approach, raises further concerns.

’Fang

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The digital economy is rapidly developing, and the internet plays a crucial role in its growth.

It is now an integral part of our lives, facilitating communication, commerce, and innovation on a global scale. The significance of the digital economy is further emphasised by its relation to SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.

Data legislation plays a fundamental role in enabling the effective use of data in the digital economy.

It is divided into three key areas: data security, personal information protection, and data value. Data security focuses on ensuring that data is used effectively without compromising national security and stability. Personal information protection is vital as it ensures individuals have control over their private data and prevents unauthorised access or misuse.

Realising the value of data is essential for the digital economy, as it drives innovation, creates new opportunities, and contributes to economic growth. The importance of data legislation aligns with SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions.

Furthermore, the issue of data governance is a long-term concern in the face of the growing digital economy.

It is recognised that effective data governance is crucial to address the challenges and risks associated with handling vast amounts of data. Data governance offers the potential to enhance the level of data governance and ensure the benefits of the digital economy are shared among all stakeholders.

This aligns with SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals.

Moreover, data governance is a long-term issue that requires attention to improve the level of data governance and maximise the benefits of the digital economy for all.

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Mexico has taken steps to ensure data protection by including it in Article 16 of its Constitution.

The country has a solid rule of law regarding data governance, which encompasses principles and practices that ensure fair, transparent, and consistent management and governance of data within organizations and society. This provides a strong foundation for data protection.

However, Mexico still faces difficulties in data handling.

Data breaches, with hackers targeting both private and government repositories, pose significant threats. This highlights the need for robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard sensitive information.

Legislative lag is also a concern. Data protection legislation often falls behind technological advancements and emerging threats, making it difficult to effectively address data security issues.

It is essential to update and strengthen legislation to keep up with the evolving landscape of data handling.

Additionally, the widespread use of social media and the tracking of individuals’ data present further challenges in data handling.

Stricter regulations and better controls are required to manage the risks associated with the use of personal data on social media platforms.

By prioritizing data literacy education at both individual and organizational levels, Mexico can empower its citizens to understand and make informed choices about their digital presence in cyberspace.

In conclusion, Mexico faces various challenges in data handling, including limited data literacy, data breaches, legislative lag, government ethics, and social media tracking.

It is essential for the country to promote data literacy, strengthen data protection measures, update legislation, ensure government ethics, and regulate social media data handling. By prioritizing data and information literacy education and training, Mexico can empower its citizens to engage with data effectively and confidently navigate the digital world.

’Moderator

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The analysis recognizes that data application and governance present both opportunities and challenges.

On one hand, data has the potential to bring about significant positive impact by informing decision-making processes, driving economic growth, and fostering social progress. However, it also raises concerns about privacy, security, and ethical considerations. Therefore, it is crucial to have effective data governance to maximize the benefits of data while mitigating potential risks and negative consequences.

To address the complex nature of data governance, the analysis suggests the need for multi-stakeholder forums that facilitate the exchange of insights on data-related applications and governance.

These forums aim to bring together representatives from government, civil society, the technology community, and the private sector on a global scale. By fostering collaboration and knowledge-sharing, these forums can contribute to the development of fair and effective data governance frameworks that address the concerns and interests of all stakeholders.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the critical role of data in driving economic innovation and social development.

It underscores the importance of fair and effective data governance to maximize the benefits of data while addressing the challenges and concerns associated with its use. The suggestion to hold multi-stakeholder forums reflects the need for a collaborative approach to data governance, where different perspectives are considered to develop comprehensive and inclusive frameworks.

The expanded summary provides valuable insights into the significance of data governance for public benefits and sustainable development.

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Following Mr. Fang Yu, Mr. Lee Makiyama from Brussels shared his perspectives, contributing interesting ideas to the discussion.

Continuing the discussion, Mr.

Zhu Ran, Vice President of Alibaba Cloud Intelligence Group, shared his profound insights into the advancements of cloud computing in relation to internet law. His perspectives highlighted the need for effective legal frameworks to address the challenges and opportunities presented by cloud computing technologies.

The final speaker, Professor Zhao Jingwu from Beihang University’s Law School, delivered a thought-provoking presentation.

He explored various legal aspects of internet governance and emphasized the need for comprehensive legal frameworks to address emerging digital issues.

Despite the time limitation, the forum concluded on an optimistic note, expressing the desire for more in-depth exchanges and discussions in the future.

The participants and speakers were sincerely thanked for their wisdom and efforts in contributing to the open forum.

Moreover, the UNIGF was acknowledged for its vital role in providing a relevant dialogue platform for global stakeholders to engage in meaningful discussions on internet law and governance.

In summary, the second session of the roundtable discussion featured a diverse range of speakers who presented their perspectives on various aspects of internet law.

The insights and arguments shared highlighted the need for robust legal frameworks to navigate the complexities of the digital era. The forum concluded with a shared commitment to further exploration and collaboration in this important field.

’Neil

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Another key point highlighted is the need for good legislative and governance mechanisms for managing data.

It is mentioned that the governance of raw and segmented data often lacks clarity, indicating the importance of establishing clear frameworks and guidelines for data management.

Furthermore, there is an urgent call for a comprehensive law and policy framework to assess threats and prosecute offenders in the cyber realm.

This is prompted by a recent devastating cyber attack in Eastern Africa that had significant impacts on the economy and security of the affected country. The lack of involvement from countries in Eastern Africa in convention work is noted, which is discouraging considering the need for collective efforts in addressing cybercrime.

In the context of the Cybercrime Convention, it is advocated that all factions, including NGOs, civil society, and academia, should be involved in the debate.

This inclusivity is seen as essential despite the diplomatic difficulty arising from the divergent views of countries involved. It is important to consider different perspectives and input from various stakeholders to ensure a well-rounded and effective approach to tackling cybercrime.

Additionally, the significance of active listening and open communication for preventive diplomacy is highlighted.

It is acknowledged that active listening and dialogue among individuals and nations are essential tools in the pursuit of preventive diplomacy. This process enables understanding, cooperation, and the building of partnerships to address conflicts and maintain peace.

In conclusion, the provided information underscores the importance of data governance in personal, national, and international security.

It highlights the need for legislative and governance mechanisms to effectively manage data. Furthermore, the urgency for a comprehensive law and policy framework to address cyber threats and prosecute offenders is emphasised. The importance of inclusivity in the debate surrounding the Cybercrime Convention, involving various factions and stakeholders, is also stressed.

Finally, the significance of active listening and open communication for preventive diplomacy is acknowledged.

’Tang

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One of China’s key arguments is that it champions the interests of all countries in promoting law-based cyberspace governance.

The country believes that all nations should adhere to legal principles and frameworks to ensure a safe and secure online space for everyone. China’s commitment to this ideal is evident in the number of laws it has enacted and the efforts it has made to create a robust legal framework for cyberspace governance.

Furthermore, China emphasises the importance of equal participation in global cyberspace governance.

It supports the involvement of all nations on an equal footing and actively engages in international exchanges and cooperation in the field of law-based cyberspace governance. By promoting inclusivity and collaboration, China seeks to foster a global community that works together to address the challenges and opportunities in cyberspace.

China also recognises the need for constant innovation and adaptation to keep up with the evolving technological landscape.

It acknowledges the challenges posed by new Internet technologies and responds to them in a forward-looking manner. By promoting innovation in the concept, content, approach, and methods of law-based cyberspace governance, China ensures that its legal frameworks remain relevant and effective in addressing emerging issues.

In conclusion, China’s efforts in promoting law-based cyberspace governance are commendable.

The country has enacted numerous laws and established a comprehensive legal framework to govern the online environment. China advocates for the interests of all countries and supports equal participation in global cyberspace governance. Additionally, it emphasises innovation in adapting to the challenges brought by new Internet technologies.

Overall, China’s commitment to law-based cyberspace governance contributes to a safer and more secure online space for people worldwide.

’Wang

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Specifically, China’s civil code distinguishes between the right to privacy and the right to personal information protection. This distinction allows for a nuanced understanding of personal information and ensures that individuals’ rights are safeguarded while also promoting the responsible use of personal data.

In terms of data governance, the analysis reveals that in China, there is a consensus that data carries a wide range of interests beyond personal and property interests.

This understanding indicates a broader perspective on data and its potential for various applications. The analysis suggests that data is non-exhaustible and can be used by multiple entities simultaneously. This recognition underscores the importance of developing comprehensive data governance frameworks that account for the diverse interests associated with data.

Notably, the analysis explores two main perspectives on data governance in China.

The first perspective advocates for establishing property rights over data. This approach requires defining the boundaries of rights for different entities, ensuring that ownership and control over data are clearly defined. The second perspective focuses on access to data through lawful behaviours.

This view prioritises the establishment of regulations and guidelines that govern the appropriate uses and accessibility of data. Both perspectives demonstrate the need to navigate the complex challenges surrounding data governance and strike a balance between individual rights and collective interests.

The analysis also acknowledges that China’s governance practices in this field could offer valuable insights for other jurisdictions facing similar concerns.

It highlights the potential for China’s experience to serve as a reference for state governments worldwide grappling with data regulation and governance issues. By examining China’s approach, other jurisdictions may gain useful knowledge and strategies for developing effective policies and frameworks to protect personal information and regulate data usage.

In conclusion, the analysis sheds light on the distinctive features of personal information protection laws and data governance in China.

It underscores the importance of balancing the protection of personal information with the need for responsible utilization. Furthermore, it emphasises the recognition of data as carrying a wide range of interests and the necessity of establishing comprehensive data governance frameworks.

Overall, the analysis contributes valuable insights and recommendations for the ongoing global conversation on data governance and personal information protection.

’Zheng

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With a global reach that serves nearly 10 million merchants and 1.3 billion consumers worldwide, Alibaba continues to create greater value for customers and society as a whole.

Their positive impact on the digital economy is evident through their ability to leverage internet technology to foster innovation and develop industries.

By acknowledging the risks associated with extensive data usage, Alibaba emphasizes the need for a robust legal framework to support a thriving digital economy.

Their efforts in this regard are exemplified by their launch of large-language model R&D in 2019 and the recent introduction of their ethical risk review management system. By proactively adhering to AI regulations, Alibaba ensures the advancement and stability of AI technology while prioritizing personal privacy and data security.

In conclusion, Alibaba’s significant impact on the digital economy is indisputable.

Their role in connecting merchants and consumers through intelligent data usage has revolutionized commercial operations, promoting efficiency and transparency. Moreover, Alibaba’s dedication to law-based data governance and ethical AI practices underpin their commitment to responsible data management. Overall, Alibaba’s positive contributions to the digital economy firmly establish them as a global leader in the industry.

’Zhu

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Alibaba Cloud Intelligence Group has played a significant role in cloud-based data governance, offering a range of cloud services to clients from over 200 countries and regions worldwide.

Their services include computing, storage, networking, data processing, and security protection, all aimed at effective data management and governance. This demonstrates Alibaba’s strong commitment to data governance and their contributions towards advancing the goal of industry, innovation, and infrastructure.

To strengthen their data compliance governance further, Alibaba Cloud has obtained important certifications, such as ISO 27001 and CSA Star certification.

Having also earned PCI DSS certification in the financial field, Alibaba Cloud’s dedication to data compliance is evident. These certifications not only validate their commitment to industry standards but also assure clients of their compliance and security measures.

Alibaba Cloud continues to prioritize data governance by implementing technical guarantees for data security on their cloud platform.

They have developed a system that classifies various types of data on the cloud, ensuring secure usage, entry, and exit of data. This commitment to technical guarantees fosters confidence among their clients and ensures that data security remains a top priority.

The release of Alibaba Cloud’s Data Security and Privacy Protection White Paper further emphasizes their focus on safeguarding data.

This document highlights the best practices of applying cloud computing to protect data security. Such transparency and information sharing contribute to increasing awareness and understanding of data privacy and security.

Alibaba Cloud takes a proactive stance in supporting data privacy and security.

They have launched a data security initiative that emphasizes the importance of cloud computing platforms being solely used for protecting customer data. They believe that platforms have an obligation to help protect the privacy, integrity, and availability of client data.

This demonstrates their commitment to ethical data practices and their support for a secure online environment.

Alibaba Cloud’s technical guarantees, white paper, and proactive stance further reinforce their dedication to data privacy and security. These efforts serve as an example for other organizations and emphasize the importance of upholding data governance standards for the advancement of the industry, innovation, and infrastructure goal.

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