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Arguments

Online learning has significantly increased with platforms like Coursera providing free education

Topics: Education, Online Learning, Coursera

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Query if online learning can fill the gap for those desiring to participate in the gig economy

Topics: Gig Economy, Employment, Online Learning

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Report

Online learning has experienced a significant increase in popularity, with platforms like Coursera making education more accessible by offering free courses. This development is seen as a positive step towards achieving SDG 4, which focuses on Quality Education. The availability of online courses has opened up opportunities for individuals to enhance their skills and knowledge from the comfort of their own homes, regardless of geographical location or financial limitations.

Furthermore, the rise of online learning has also raised important questions about its potential to address the needs of individuals who aspire to participate in the gig economy. SDG 8, which aims to promote Decent Work and Economic Growth, highlights the importance of providing opportunities for people to join the labour market on their own terms.

As the gig economy continues to expand, there is a growing demand for workers with specialised skills and expertise. Online learning can potentially fill this gap by providing flexible and affordable training options for individuals seeking to acquire the necessary skills to thrive in this dynamic sector.

While there is strong support for the potential of online learning to contribute to both SDG 4 and SDG 8, it is important to note that the sentiment towards online learning remains neutral. This may indicate that further research and analysis is needed to fully understand the impact and effectiveness of online education in achieving these sustainable development goals.

In conclusion, the growth of online learning, exemplified by platforms like Coursera, has brought about positive changes in making education more accessible. It is also raising important questions about its role in addressing the needs of individuals in the gig economy.

While there is optimism about its potential contribution to achieving SDG 4 and SDG 8, further investigation is required to fully gauge its effectiveness. Nonetheless, online learning has given individuals the opportunity to acquire new skills and knowledge, creating more inclusive learning environments and potentially advancing progress towards these important global goals.

Arguments

Higher education is crucial for preparing young Africans for future job opportunities

Supporting facts:

• By 2030, young Africans are anticipated to make up about 42% of the global youth population

• Over half of the youth population by 2050 will be African

• IMF predicts that in the next decade, majority of the global labor force will be in Africa

Topics: Higher Education, Future of Work, Opportunities in Africa

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Universities need to adapt to the changing career paths desired by young people

Supporting facts:

• A study shows that most searched jobs and careers globally have shifted from traditional career pathways

• Young people now aspire to be dancers, writers, entrepreneurs, indicating diversity in career interests

• There is a question of universities’ readiness to adapt to these external changes

Topics: Education, Youth Aspirations, Career Paths

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Universities risk becoming irrelevant if they fail to produce and transmit knowledge that meets the needs of young people

Supporting facts:

• The gap between academia and employers has been growing, and now includes young people as a critical group

• If the knowledge produced is no longer relevant to the needs of young people, the question arises: what is the purpose of universities?

Topics: Education, Youth Aspirations, Relevance

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Online learning’s effectiveness relies on employer acceptance of credentials

Supporting facts:

• Concerns about quality assurance mechanisms exist

• Acceptance of online credentials is employer-driven

Topics: Online Learning, Employment, Credentials

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Quality assurance and formal qualifications for online learning are crucial factors for its success

Supporting facts:

• Quality assurance is necessary for employers to trust online credentials

Topics: Quality Assurance, Online Learning, Formal Qualifications

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Online learning’s effectiveness also depends on an individual’s learning style

Supporting facts:

• Different individuals have different learning styles

• Some people perform better with physical communities of learners

Topics: Online Learning, Teaching Styles

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Government can be a powerful aggregator in leveraging higher education systems

Supporting facts:

• Mentioned examples where government has facilitated conversations between employers, academia and policy makers to deal with youth employment and education concerns

Topics: Higher education, Government support, Policy making

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Higher education needs to make systemic changes to stay relevant in today’s world

Supporting facts:

• AI made accessing knowledge easy and requires a shift in focus from content delivery to critical thinking and problem solving strategies

• Less than 10% students in business school graduated with high impact practical experience

Topics: higher education, systemic changes, relevance, fast-moving world

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Report

This series of arguments and stances emphasizes the crucial role that higher education plays in preparing young Africans for future job opportunities. The statistics provided indicate the significant representation of young Africans in the global youth population, with projections showing that by 2030, they will make up 42% of the youth population.

Moreover, it is predicted that by 2050, over half of the global youth population will be African. Furthermore, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts that in the next decade, a majority of the global labor force will be in Africa. These figures highlight the importance of equipping young Africans with the necessary knowledge and skills to meet the demands of an evolving job market.

While the importance of higher education is acknowledged, concerns were raised about the readiness of universities to adapt to changing career paths desired by young people. The argument is made that universities need to provide a robust infrastructure that ensures young Africans acquire the knowledge, skills, and expertise needed for the future.

Nelson Mandela’s quote is referenced, suggesting that education is seen as a pathway out of poverty, further reinforcing the significance of higher education institutions in building job capabilities. There is a recognition that the landscape of career aspirations has shifted, as young people now aspire to careers such as dancers, writers, and entrepreneurs, indicating a more diverse range of interests.

The readiness of universities to adapt to these external changes is questioned. The need for universities to produce and transmit knowledge that meets the needs of young people is emphasized, as the gap between academia and employers continues to grow.

The risk of universities becoming irrelevant if they fail to keep up with societal needs and produce relevant knowledge is also stated. The effectiveness of online learning is explored in this analysis. Concerns about quality assurance mechanisms are raised, and the acceptance of online credentials is highlighted as being employer-driven.

It is argued that quality assurance and formal qualifications are crucial factors for the success of online learning. Additionally, it is noted that the effectiveness of online learning also depends on an individual’s learning style, as some individuals perform better in physical communities of learners.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the potential of online learning, with the analysis suggesting that it can effectively be implemented on a large scale. The rapid transition to online learning during the pandemic is presented as evidence of its viability.

This positive sentiment towards online learning complements the broader discussion on higher education’s adaptability to a fast-changing world. The role of government in higher education is recognized, with examples given of governments facilitating conversations between employers, academia, and policymakers to address youth employment and education concerns.

A triple helix approach involving government, academia, and industry is supported as a means to address higher education challenges. An example from Nigeria is noted, where this approach is being used to formulate policies and actions to combat underemployment and unemployment.

The need for systemic changes in higher education is asserted, with a focus on shifting from content delivery to critical thinking and problem-solving strategies. The importance of providing practical experience to students is highlighted, as less than 10% of business school graduates have high-impact practical experience.

Lastly, the analysis suggests a more inclusive approach involving the greater stakeholder community, not just government and universities. This observation underscores the idea that addressing higher education challenges requires collaboration and input from various stakeholders. In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis stresses that higher education is fundamental in preparing young Africans for future job opportunities.

It highlights the need for universities to adapt to changing career paths and produce relevant knowledge. The potential of online learning, the role of government, and the necessity of systemic changes are also explored. The overall argument calls for a collaborative and inclusive approach within the stakeholder community to address higher education challenges effectively.

Arguments

Higher education needs to align itself with the needs of the gig economy

Supporting facts:

• Higher education plays a central role in providing quality and relevant training, advancing knowledge and research, and engaging and strengthening networks and communities.

• The gig economy is leading to a shift away from traditional models of ‘nine to five’ work.

• Higher education needs to adapt to provide education and training programs that help students develop the skills and knowledge they need to thrive in the gig economy.

Topics: Higher Education, Gig Economy, Changing Workforce

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Online learning can provide access to marginalized students

Supporting facts:

• Online learning can help individuals who are marginalized due to distance or cultural security access higher education

• Online learning has shown potential to provide quality education, especially during the COVID 19 crisis

• Online learning is being used by USAID to provide access to higher education for marginalized students

Topics: online learning, access to education, distance education, Higher education

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The relevance of higher education in providing employment opportunities depends on the economy of the region

Supporting facts:

• USAID works in various contexts, including lower-income countries and conflict-sensitive contexts

• Economies where they work may not have enough opportunities or aren’t developed enough

• Gig economy has emerged to meet workers’ needs, allowing them to work across borders

Topics: Economy, Higher education, Employment

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Higher education should drive the policy dialogue to adapt to developments in upskilling and reskilling

Supporting facts:

• Upskilling and reskilling are leading towards lifelong learning opportunities

• The policy and regulations need to catch up to ensure recognition of prior learning

Topics: Policy development, Upskilling, Reskilling, Higher education

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Report

Higher education is facing the challenge of aligning itself with the needs of the gig economy. To address this, it is crucial for higher education institutions to provide education and training programs that equip students with the skills and knowledge required to thrive in the gig economy.

These programs should focus on developing skills such as adaptability, entrepreneurship, and problem-solving. To cater to the evolving needs of students, higher education institutions should become more flexible and agile. This can be achieved by offering short-term courses and certificates that allow for upskilling and reskilling.

By providing opportunities for students to acquire new skills or enhance existing ones, higher education institutions can empower them to meet the demands of the gig economy. Moreover, there is a growing recognition of the importance of soft skills in the gig economy.

Higher education institutions should place more emphasis on developing these skills, which include communication, collaboration, and critical thinking. By nurturing these abilities, students will be better prepared to succeed in the gig economy, where project-based work and remote collaboration are common.

Online learning has emerged as a potential solution to provide access to education, particularly for marginalized individuals who face challenges related to distance or cultural security. It has been observed that online learning has played a significant role in ensuring quality education, especially during the COVID-19 crisis when traditional forms of education were disrupted.

Initiatives such as the use of online learning by USAID to reach marginalized students demonstrate the potential of this approach to bridge gaps in access to higher education. However, it is important to note that online learning may not consistently meet quality standards in some countries due to the lack of regulation.

Different types of institutions offering online education require proper regulation to ensure that students receive the education they need and deserve. Stricter regulation can help maintain the quality and credibility of online learning platforms and programs. The relevance of higher education, in terms of providing employment opportunities, varies depending on the economy of the region.

In contexts where opportunities are limited or economies are less developed, higher education may not immediately translate into employment prospects. In such cases, the emergence of the gig economy enables workers to access employment opportunities across borders and find work that suits their skills and interests.

In order to adapt to the changing landscape of upskilling and reskilling, higher education should take the lead in driving the policy dialogue. It should actively participate in shaping policies to ensure that they align with the needs of students and the demands of the gig economy.

Developing policies that recognize the importance of lifelong learning and the value of prior learning can contribute to creating an environment where individuals can continuously enhance their skills and remain relevant in the evolving job market. In conclusion, higher education institutions must adapt to the needs of the gig economy by providing education and training programs that equip students with the skills and knowledge required.

This can be achieved through flexibility, offering short-term courses and certificates for upskilling and reskilling, and focusing on the development of soft skills. Online learning can help provide access to marginalized students, although proper regulation is necessary to ensure quality.

The relevance of higher education in employment opportunities depends on the regional economy. Higher education should drive the policy dialogue to adapt to the developments in upskilling and reskilling, while also supporting lifelong learning and the recognition of prior learning.

Arguments

Higher education has the potential to be at the center of the future of work

Supporting facts:

• Jack Elliott’s involvement in higher education through capacity, institutional capacity development workshops throughout Africa

Topics: Higher Education, Future of Work

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Involving business and industry regularly to ensure curriculum relevant is necessary

Supporting facts:

• He has been involved directly with curriculum development in his roles

Topics: Education, Industry, Curriculum Development

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Improvement of education within the academy for faculty and lecturers is crucial for student engagement

Topics: Teacher Education, Student Engagement

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Higher education did not move quickly enough to address underemployment and unemployment in Africa

Supporting facts:

• The gig economy and skills polarization filled in the vacuum left by higher education’s slow response

Topics: Higher Education, Underemployment, Unemployment, Africa

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Online learning has potential but also significant challenges

Supporting facts:

• Online learning has been in use long before Wi-Fi was widely available

• Only about 25-30% of people in the Eastern Cape of South Africa have Wi-Fi access

Topics: Online Learning, Distance Education, Access

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Innovative solutions, like pre-loaded videos, help mitigate lack of Wi-Fi access

Supporting facts:

• A program in Uganda provides women farmers with iPhones pre-loaded with instructional videos

• This solution works for those without access to Wi-Fi

Topics: Distance Education, Innovation

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There are huge opportunities for higher education in the face of the gig economy

Supporting facts:

• New initiative from Texas A&M University emphasizing the importance of teaching and the relevancy of the curriculum along research’s

Topics: Higher Education, Gig Economy, Future of work

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Institutions should focus on their unique strengths and resources rather than trying to emulate other prestigious institutions

Supporting facts:

• Texas A&M can’t out Harvard Harvard but Harvard can’t out Texas A&M Texas A&M in terms of unique strengths and processes

• Institutions in East Africa like Fort Cox should strive to be the best they can be in their areas and not quite strive to be Harvard or Princeton

Topics: Higher Education, Institutional Identity

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Higher education must make systemic changes to become more relevant in today’s fast moving world

Supporting facts:

• AI has made accessing knowledge so easy

• a recent business school study indicated that less than 10% of its students graduated with practical experience

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Education Reform

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Report

Summary: Higher education has the potential to play a central role in shaping the future of work. It can address the crisis of underemployment and unemployment by actively involving business and industry in curriculum development to ensure its relevance. By doing so, higher education can equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge to meet the demands of the evolving job market.

It is important to prioritize relevance over prestige in higher education to bridge the gap for the gig economy and skills polarization. Online learning also presents opportunities, but challenges like limited Wi-Fi access need to be addressed through innovative solutions.

Building a sense of community and engagement in online education is crucial, as is recognizing the significance of informal education through platforms like social media. Higher education institutions can prepare students for the gig economy by emphasizing teaching and curriculum relevance.

Focusing on unique strengths and resources is important, as well as addressing the needs of local communities and making systemic changes to be more relevant. It is necessary to prioritize practical experience, critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and integrate content-focused delivery with process-oriented strategies.

Arguments

Higher education institutions play vital role in future of work

Supporting facts:

• Higher education institutions generate new knowledge and conduct research.

• They are seen as vehicles for social mobility.

• They play crucial role in international conversations, migration and global connectedness.

Topics: Higher education, Future of work, Role of Universities

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Higher education institutions need to adapt to learner and industry demands

Supporting facts:

• Purdue University responded to demands for shorter credentials and more flexible ways of recognizing acquired skills by creating things like badges for specific skills acquisition

• Universities are shifting from being the arbiters of knowledge to being responsive to industry and learner-driven demands

Topics: higher education, industry demands, learner demands

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There’s a broader movement for open knowledge creation and allowing wider access to elite knowledge

Supporting facts:

• Jennifer DeBoer is involved in a research project that allows refugee researchers to lead in the formulation of research questions in the Kakuma refugee camp

Topics: open knowledge creation, participatory action research

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Higher education institutions hold the power of credential verification and have to balance out with private employers’ need for skilled workers

Supporting facts:

• Higher education institutions have stability and hundreds of years of standing.

• Private employers develop their own skills courses for the type of skilled workers they need.

Topics: Higher Education, Verification, Credential, Employment, Skills Training

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Online learning can promote communal understanding and application of solutions

Supporting facts:

• In a study, students across multiple refugee camps could build a shared understanding of technical challenges and ways of applying solutions.

• Such community building was only possible due to the digital inclusion.

Topics: Online Learning, Community, Understanding, Solutions

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Universities across national borders are more connected than many other types of actors

Supporting facts:

• Universities have intra and international networks amongst themselves

Topics: Higher Education, Transnational Academic Networks, Online Education

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Challenges exist in the transferability of credentials or demonstrations of skills

Supporting facts:

• Transferability is a challenge when someone moves to a different country, sector or employer

Topics: Credentials, Transferable Skills, Labor Mobility

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Building new kinds of research labs brings industry and academia together

Supporting facts:

• Research Institute that Jennifer is in is affiliated with a university but operates separately for more agile structures and collaborations

Topics: Research Institutes, Industry-Academia Partnership

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Gig work often circumvents traditional worker protections

Supporting facts:

• Gig work can be a way to bypass some traditional protections and non-gig work type jobs

Topics: Gig Economy, Worker Protections, Policy Making

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Need to challenge our notions and assumptions about higher education

Supporting facts:

• Jennifer DeBoer has herself gone through traditional university education and holds multiple formal degrees

Topics: Higher education, Future of work, Education reform

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Report

Higher education institutions play a crucial role in shaping the future of work. They generate new knowledge and conduct research, keeping them at the forefront of innovation to meet the changing demands of the job market. Universities also act as vehicles for social mobility, providing opportunities for individuals to improve their socio-economic status through education and training that prepares them for the evolving work landscape.

In addition, universities foster global connectedness by facilitating international conversations and collaborations, enabling the exchange of ideas and expertise on a global scale. However, to stay relevant, higher education institutions must adapt to the changing demands of learners and industries.

This includes offering flexible and tailored learning options, recognizing acquired skills, and being responsive and adaptive to learner-driven demands. A challenge faced by universities is the disconnect between the skills and knowledge they provide and the skills demanded by employers.

This can lead to underemployment or unemployment for graduates. Universities need to rethink their traditional value proposition to bridge this gap and meet the expectations of graduates. There is also a growing movement towards open knowledge creation and widening access to elite knowledge.

This includes initiatives that allow refugee researchers to contribute to research questions, reducing inequalities and empowering marginalized communities. Universities hold the power of credential verification, but they need to balance this with meeting the needs of private employers for skilled workers.

Collaboration between higher education institutions and private employers is crucial to address skill gaps and ensure graduates are job-ready. Access to online learning is important, but it must be accompanied by the necessary support for true inclusivity. This includes providing devices, data connectivity, language proficiency support, and childcare to ensure access for all.

Online learning can also promote communal understanding and the application of solutions. Through digital inclusion, students from different backgrounds can collaborate on finding solutions to common challenges. Higher education institutions demonstrate strong connectivity across national borders, facilitating collaboration and knowledge exchange.

This global perspective promotes cross-cultural understanding. Challenges exist in the transferability of credentials and skills, especially when individuals move to different contexts. Standardized and portable credentialing systems are needed to validate skills across different settings. Research institutes are gaining importance in bridging academia and industry.

Operating separately from universities, these institutions provide agile structures and foster collaborations, enhancing innovation in various sectors. The rise of gig work presents challenges in terms of worker protections. Universities and higher education institutions should engage with policymakers to develop policies that ensure gig workers are protected and have fair working conditions.

In conclusion, higher education institutions shape the future of work through knowledge generation, social mobility, and global connectedness. Adapting to learner and industry demands, addressing the gap between education and job market expectations, and promoting inclusivity and collaboration are essential for universities to navigate the challenges and opportunities of the future of work.

Arguments

The role of higher education within employment systems and workforce development

Supporting facts:

• Mention of higher education’s role in educating and skilling future workers

• Higher education has a unique prestige and a stable infrastructure

Topics: Higher Education, Workforce Development, Employability, Skills Training

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Skills polarization and gig economy as forces that are shaping the world of work

Supporting facts:

• Skills polarization refers to the disappearance of middle-skilled jobs in favor of highly skilled or low skilled work

• Gig economy: The idea that not every job is 9 to 5, platform work like Uber or short term consultancies

Topics: Skills Polarization, Gig Economy, Future of work, Employment

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Expresses gratitude towards the panelists and attendees and acknowledges the absence of panelist Alan due to technical difficulties

Topics: Panel Discussion, Technology

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Promotes upcoming feature on Alan in the newsletter and invites participants to join the Higher Education Learning Network (Helen)

Topics: Newsletter, Higher Education Learning Network

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Hints at the upcoming work focused on employability, higher education and the future of work, inviting participants to join to continue discussions on the same

Topics: Employability, Higher Education, Future of Work

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Report

The analysis of the speakers’ presentations reveals several key points regarding the role of higher education and the challenges posed by skills polarization and the gig economy in the world of work. Firstly, it was highlighted that higher education plays a crucial role in educating and equipping future workers with the necessary skills.

The inherent prestige and stable infrastructure of higher education institutions were also noted, emphasizing their significance in workforce development. Furthermore, the analysis delved into the impact of skills polarization and the gig economy on the labour market. Skills polarization refers to the disappearance of middle-skilled jobs, with highly skilled and low-skilled work gaining prominence.

The gig economy, characterized by non-traditional employment arrangements like platform work and short-term consultancies, was also discussed as a defining aspect of the evolving work landscape. Consequently, these changes challenge the traditional role of higher education and have a more pronounced effect on certain individuals.

The analysis raises important questions about how skills polarization and the gig economy undermine the relevance of higher education in the world of work. Additionally, it explores the individuals who are most affected by these dynamics. During the panel discussion, gratitude was expressed towards the panelists and attendees, with the absence of panelist Alan noted due to technical difficulties.

This acknowledgement showcased a positive sentiment towards the event and the contributions made. The analysis also highlighted promotional aspects, including upcoming features on Alan in the newsletter and an invitation for participants to join the Higher Education Learning Network (Helen).

This network provides a platform for ongoing dialogue and engagement on topics such as employability, higher education, and the future of work. Lastly, the USAID Higher Education Learning Network encouraged active participation in the discussions, reflecting a positive sentiment towards fostering collaboration and knowledge-sharing among its members.

Overall, the analysis sheds light on the important role of higher education in skill development and its challenges in the face of skills polarization and the gig economy. It underscores the need for ongoing dialogue and collaboration to ensure that higher education remains relevant in preparing individuals for the ever-changing world of work.

Arguments

The need to pass on the message to decision makers about the state of the postal sector

Supporting facts:

• policymakers are far from UPU and only get updates during council sessions

• The call for a formula for raising awareness about the postal sector

Topics: Postal Sector, Government, Investment, UPU

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Data in the postal sector as crucial factor to stimulate the economic growth

Supporting facts:

• Unlike other sectors, Postal sector has real-time data

• Data can be used to demonstrate the advantages of investing in postal infrastructure

• Usage of data is limited by competitive fears among operators

Topics: Postal Sector, Economic Development, Data, Infrastructure

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Importance of investment in postal system

Supporting facts:

• Investing in postal infrastructure can stimulate economic growth

• Investment can reduce inequalities between regions

Topics: Postal Sector, Investment, Economic Development

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Report

The analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the postal sector, highlighting several key points and arguments. One of the main points raised is the need to inform policymakers about the current state of the sector. Currently, policymakers only receive updates during council sessions, indicating a lack of regular communication and awareness about the postal sector.

It is argued that there is a need to pass on the message to decision-makers to ensure they are well-informed and can make informed decisions regarding the sector. Another important aspect highlighted in the analysis is the role of data in stimulating economic growth in the postal sector.

Unlike other sectors, the postal sector has real-time data, which can be utilized to demonstrate the advantages of investing in postal infrastructure. However, the usage of data is currently limited due to competitive fears among operators. It is suggested that if operators share strategic data, it can help in the development of the sector.

Technological solutions, such as algorithms, can be utilized to protect the competitiveness of operators while allowing for the sharing of valuable data. The importance of investment in postal infrastructure is another key argument put forward in the analysis. It is stated that investing in postal infrastructure can stimulate economic growth and also help in reducing inequalities between different regions.

This highlights the potential impact that sufficient investment can have on the overall development of the postal sector. Additionally, the analysis also emphasizes the insufficiency of advocacy efforts in the postal sector. It is suggested that current advocacy work does not go far enough, despite the significant impact that post offices have on people’s lives and their potential to stimulate economic development.

It is argued that more robust advocacy efforts are needed to raise awareness and garner support for the postal sector. In conclusion, the analysis sheds light on various aspects of the postal sector. Policymakers need to be better informed about the state of the sector, and data plays a crucial role in stimulating economic growth.

Furthermore, there is a need for sharing strategic data among operators, while ensuring competitiveness is protected. Investment in postal infrastructure is essential for the sector’s growth, and advocacy efforts need to be strengthened. These findings provide valuable insights into the current state of the postal sector and offer recommendations for its development and improvement.

Arguments

A robust postal system is not merely a service sector; it is a catalyst for economic development.

Supporting facts:

• Countries with better postal systems demonstrate enhanced trade facilitation and increased e-commerce penetration.

• Investing in postal infrastructure and innovation contributes to economic prosperity and social inclusion.

Topics: Postal Development, Economic Development

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The shift from traditional letter volumes to parcels, logistics, and digital services emphasizes the need for the postal sector to innovate and adapt.

Supporting facts:

• Traditional letter volumes are falling and the associated postal income is waning.

• Parcels, logistics, and digital services are emerging as new frontiers.

Topics: Postal Service Evolution, Digital Services, Innovation

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Report

A robust postal system plays a pivotal role in promoting economic development by facilitating trade and increasing e-commerce penetration. Countries with well-established postal systems demonstrate higher levels of trade facilitation and enjoy increased e-commerce activities. Furthermore, investing in postal infrastructure and fostering innovation within the sector contributes to both economic prosperity and social inclusion.

However, there exist significant disparities in postal development across the world, resulting in economic disadvantages and missed opportunities for inclusive growth. While 49 out of 172 countries analysed in the report exhibit a positive growth trajectory for postal development, there are notable differences between nations.

This disparity in postal development hinders economic progress and perpetuates inequalities. In response to the changing landscape of communication and delivery services, the postal sector must adapt and innovate. Traditional letter volumes are decreasing, leading to a decline in associated postal income.

In contrast, parcels, logistics, and digital services are emerging as new frontiers in the industry. To thrive in this evolving environment, postal services must emphasise the need for innovation and adaptability. To meet these challenges, the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and a hyper-collaborative approach is recommended.

By leveraging generative AI and embracing hyper-collaboration, most operational inefficiencies within the postal sector can be eliminated, and pricing can be optimised. Furthermore, adopting an ecosystemic business model approach will ensure that postal services remain relevant and competitive in the modern marketplace.

In addition to innovation, ensuring postal reliability and reducing postage prices are essential factors for a resilient postal ecosystem. Unfortunately, there has been a decline in end-to-end reliability in international logistics and postal exchanges when compared to the pre-pandemic period.

This decrease in reliability has negatively impacted international postal traffic. Furthermore, the doubling of shipping rates for international postal services has exacerbated the situation, causing a significant decrease in such services. In conclusion, a robust postal system is vital for economic development, trade facilitation, and e-commerce penetration.

However, disparities in postal development worldwide pose economic disadvantages and hinder inclusive growth. To navigate the changing landscape, the postal sector must embrace innovation, adopting AI and a hyper-collaborative approach. Ensuring postal reliability and reducing postage prices are also critical to maintain a resilient postal system.

Efforts towards addressing these challenges will contribute to a more equitable, adaptable, and future-ready postal ecosystem.

Arguments

Postal sector is crucial for economic development and resilience

Supporting facts:

• Better postal systems contribute to nearly a 7% GDP increase

• 49 out of the 172 countries covered in the report has shown postal development

Topics: Trade facilitation, E-commerce penetration, Public service delivery

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Disparities in postal systems among nations can lead to economic disadvantages.

Supporting facts:

• The report observes disparities in postal development between different nations

Topics: Global inequality, Economic growth, Postal development

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Traditional postal revenue streams are shifting towards parcels, logistics, and digital services

Supporting facts:

• While traditional letter volumes are declining, parcels and digital services are emerging as new revenue sources

Topics: Digitalization, Postal service revenue, Logistics

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Adopting a hyper-collaborative approach involving AI and data analytics can enhance postal sector efficiency and sustainability

Supporting facts:

• Hyper-collaboration emphasized in the report as a way to create a resilient postal sector

Topics: AI, Data analytics, Innovation

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Postal services can play crucial role in economic development and resilience

Supporting facts:

• Postal sector contributes 7% to a nation’s GDP

• Countries with higher levels of postal services have benefited from greater post-pandemic economic recovery

Topics: Postal Services, Economic Development

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Artificial Intelligence and Hyper-collaboration can be game changers for the postal sector

Supporting facts:

• Combining AI and hyper-collaboration can optimize pricing, design predictable postal services and monetize decarbonization efforts

• UPU can play crucial role in decreasing digital and postal divide between nations

Topics: AI, Hyper-collaboration, Postal Services

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The development level of postal services varies significantly across countries

Supporting facts:

• Most UPU member states are still at lower levels of postal development

• Only 5 countries are at the highest level of postal development

Topics: Postal Services, Economic Development

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Post-pandemic period has been challenging for postal services and logistics

Supporting facts:

• Post-pandemic has led to a decline in international postal traffic

• Shipping prices for international postal services have almost doubled

Topics: Postal Services, Pandemic, Logistics

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The importance of using postal sector data to convince governments of investing in postal infrastructure

Supporting facts:

• Postal sector has a lot of data that can be put to use to demonstrate its importance

• Encourages governments to see the potential in postal sector via the data presented

Topics: Postal Sector, Data Analysis, Government Investment

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National governments can be convinced by equipping postal operators with right arguments

Supporting facts:

• State of the Postal Sector Report can be a helpful tool for communication

Topics: Postal Operators, National Governments, Advocacy

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Report

The State of the Postal Sector Report highlights the crucial role of the postal sector in economic development and resilience. It emphasizes that better postal systems contribute to an increase of nearly 7% in GDP. Additionally, it states that countries with higher levels of postal services have experienced greater post-pandemic economic recovery.

This highlights the economic importance of developing and maintaining efficient postal systems. However, the report also highlights the disparities in postal development between nations. These disparities can lead to economic disadvantages for countries with underdeveloped postal systems. It suggests that addressing these disparities is essential to ensure fair and equal opportunities for economic growth.

The report argues that investing in postal infrastructure and innovation is crucial for economic prosperity and social inclusion. It explains that the postal sector plays an essential role in driving a wide range of economic activities. By investing in postal infrastructure and innovation, countries can enhance their economic growth potential and promote social inclusion.

Moreover, the report emphasizes the potential of adopting a hyper-collaborative approach involving artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics. It suggests that this approach can greatly improve the efficiency and sustainability of the postal sector. By leveraging AI and data analytics, postal services can optimize pricing, design predictable services, and monetize decarbonization efforts.

This highlights the need for technological advancements and collaborations to enhance the postal sector’s capabilities. Furthermore, the report advocates for better governance of international postal and logistics data to facilitate cross-border e-commerce. It states that improved data governance can eliminate operational inefficiencies, optimize pricing, and ensure more predictable postal services.

This highlights the importance of international cooperation and partnerships to streamline and enhance cross-border e-commerce. In conclusion, the report emphasizes the significance of investing in the postal sector for overall economic prosperity and social inclusion. It highlights the positive impact of efficient postal systems on GDP growth and post-pandemic economic recovery.

By addressing disparities in postal development, investing in infrastructure and innovation, and adopting a hyper-collaborative approach involving AI and data analytics, countries can enhance their postal sector’s efficiency, sustainability, and contribution to economic development. Additionally, better governance of international postal and logistics data can facilitate cross-border e-commerce and further boost the sector’s growth.

Arguments

Enquiry about the evolution of AI

Topics: AI, Evolution

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The risk of de-skilling, particularly in developing countries

Supporting facts:

• Many developing countries are pushing for job and skills development in tech related fields

• Developed countries have policies in place to re-skill their workforce

Topics: AI, digital economy, skill development

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The impact of AI development on the need for data

Supporting facts:

• A 2019 Harvard Business Review article predicted that future AI development will rely less on vast amounts of data, and more on top-down reasoning

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, data

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Report

In the discussions surrounding the evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the participants have delved into various aspects. One area of interest is the historical development of AI and how it has progressed over time. Understanding the origins and transformation of AI into the technology we witness today is a subject of curiosity.

Another focal point is the impact of AI development on data requirements. A 2019 article from the Harvard Business Review predicts that future advancements in AI will rely less on extensive datasets and place more emphasis on top-down reasoning. This implies that AI algorithms could become more proficient in making complex decisions based on high-level knowledge and reasoning, thereby reducing the need for vast amounts of data.

However, alongside the potential benefits of AI, concerns have been raised about the potential de-skilling of workers, particularly in developing countries. Many nations are actively promoting job opportunities and skills development in tech-related fields to keep pace with the demands of the digital economy.

Conversely, developed countries have implemented policies to re-skill their workforce, acknowledging the need to adapt to the changing landscape of AI and technology. The discussions underscore the importance of striking a balance between AI advancements and the need for quality education and infrastructure development.

While AI has the potential to reshape industries and enhance efficiency, it is crucial to ensure that the workforce is equipped with the necessary skills to thrive in an AI-driven world. This aligns with the objectives of Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality Education and Sustainable Development Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.

In conclusion, the discussions have examined the evolution of AI by exploring its historical development, impact on data requirements, and concerns about worker de-skilling. They highlight the significance of fostering quality education and infrastructure development to harness the benefits of AI while preparing the workforce for the accompanying changes.

Arguments

Gabriela Ramos is the assistant director general for social and human sciences at UNESCO

Supporting facts:

• This is the sector that has a very interesting and unique mandate

• UNESCO looks at the emerging technologies through the ethical lenses

Topics: UNESCO, Social and Human Sciences

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UNESCO developed a recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence

Supporting facts:

• The recommendation was negotiated and adopted by 193 countries in 2021

• The implementation of the recommendation is now being deployed

Topics: Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, UNESCO

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The development, usage and misuse of AI technologies need governance and regulations.

Supporting facts:

• The recommendation by UNESCO was adopted by 194 countries

• The development of these technologies is highly concentrated in few countries and firms

• There is a lack of representation in the data

• Misuse and abuse of AI could lead to existential threats

Topics: AI Technologies, Governance, Regulations

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AI technologies should be developed to enhance human rights, dignity, fairness and inclusiveness.

Supporting facts:

• The adoption of the recommendation provides a general narrative to improve the delivery of these technologies

• The accountability mechanisms, transparency, rule of law, and explainability are crucial

Topics: AI Technologies, Human Rights, Fairness, Inclusiveness

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Government should incentivise and invest in AI technologies.

Supporting facts:

• The recommendation includes policies, regulations, and legislations

Topics: AI Technologies, Investment, Government

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The underrepresentation of women in the development of AI technologies needs to be addressed.

Supporting facts:

• Women make up 22% of professionals in the AI tech sector

• These technologies have issues with regards to recognition and discrimination against women

• The recommendation specifically calls for affirmative action and investment in businesses that are led by women

Topics: AI Technologies, Gender Equality, Women

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Teachers need to be trained to maximize the advantages of technology

Supporting facts:

• Technology is omnipresent and advancing rapidly

Topics: Technology in education, Professional Development for teachers

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During the initial phase of launching national AI strategies, the focus was mainly on technological competition

Supporting facts:

• Countries were concerned about how much investment, skills and infrastructure they need to stay competitive in terms of technology

Topics: AI Strategies, Technological Competition

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There is a growing concern about the downsides of AI and the need to regulate its use

Supporting facts:

• Governments are now considering who should be in charge when something goes wrong with AI, what kind of liability regimes are needed and what institutions should regulate AI

Topics: AI Ethics, AI Regulation

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Identifying the institutions that should regulate AI is a key focus

Supporting facts:

• There is a debate on whether AI should be regulated by a regulatory institution like the ones for telecom or electricity, an institute, or the Federal Drug Administration

Topics: AI Regulation, Institutional Innovation

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Need for effective institutions to regulate AI

Supporting facts:

• Governments need to understand how these technologies work.

• Countries are using these technologies to administer their welfare systems or their health systems or education system.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Governance, Regulations

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Importance of investing in competent governments

Supporting facts:

• There is a need to invest in the competencies of governments to understand how these technologies work.

• In the US, they have adopted many bills to organize this work.

Topics: Government, Investment

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Report

Gabriela Ramos, Assistant Director General for Social and Human Sciences at UNESCO, has highlighted the unique mandate of UNESCO in relation to emerging technologies. She emphasises the need to view these technologies through ethical lenses, considering their potential impact on society.

UNESCO has developed a recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence, which was adopted by 193 countries in 2021. The recommendation aims to ensure that AI technologies are aligned with human rights, human dignity, fairness, and inclusiveness. Ramos expresses concern about the misuse and abuse of AI technologies, which could pose existential threats.

Therefore, she emphasises the importance of governance and regulations for the development, usage, and potential pitfalls of AI technologies. The recommendation serves as a guideline for policymakers and stakeholders to navigate the ethical dimensions of AI. In addition to ethical considerations, the recommendation also addresses the underrepresentation of women in the development of AI technologies.

It specifically calls for affirmative action and investment in businesses that are led by women. Currently, women make up only 22% of professionals in the AI tech sector, and there are issues of recognition and discrimination against women in this field.

The recommendation acknowledges the transformative potential of technology in education and highlights the need for teachers to be trained to maximise its advantages. It recognises that technology is omnipresent and advancing rapidly, which poses challenges that need to be addressed in order to adapt effectively.

Countries around the world are concerned about staying competitive in terms of technology. During the initial phase of launching national AI strategies, the focus was mainly on technological competition. However, there is now a growing concern about the downsides of AI and the need to regulate its use.

Governments are considering who should be in charge when something goes wrong with AI, what kind of liability regimes are needed, and what institutions should regulate AI. There is an ongoing debate on whether AI should be regulated by a regulatory institution, an institute, or a specific government body.

The recommendation also highlights the importance of introducing ethical guardrails in national AI strategies. Increasing emphasis is being placed on the ethical considerations surrounding the development and use of AI technologies. Effective institutions are seen as crucial for framing these technologies and ensuring they protect human rights and human dignity.

Importantly, the recommendation acknowledges the need for government investment and incentivisation in AI technologies. Governments are encouraged to invest in the competencies of their officials to better understand how these technologies work. The United States, for instance, has adopted various bills to organise and regulate the use of AI.

In conclusion, UNESCO’s recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence is a significant step towards promoting the responsible development and use of AI technologies. It emphasises the alignment of AI with human rights, dignity, fairness, and inclusiveness. The recommendation calls for governance and regulations, investment in AI technologies, and the underrepresentation of women in the field.

It highlights the importance of training teachers to maximise the advantages of technology in education and addresses the challenges posed by the rapid advancement of technology. The recommendation also recognises the need to regulate AI and protect human rights and dignity through effective institutions.

Overall, it provides a comprehensive framework for navigating ethical considerations in the development, implementation, and regulation of AI technologies.

Arguments

AI is significantly transforming our lives and its landscape is continuously changing.

Supporting facts:

• AI is already transforming our lives and we’ve only just taken the first few steps first few tentative steps in this technology which is really a never evolving landscape.

Topics: AI technology, Technology changes

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We are at a crucial point in AI development, and the decisions being made will deeply affect our collective futures.

Supporting facts:

• We are at a crossroads today though and that’s why meetings like this is so important because decisions that are take being taken today are going to be of critical importance for the collective futures we’re going to live tomorrow.

Topics: AI evolution, Future technology implications

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Need for equity in AI development.

Supporting facts:

• Our first session now is going to look at ai through the prism of equity and that is just crucial where developing nations fit in and how they can best position themselves to be excluded and not marginalized in this ai revolution.

Topics: Developing nations in AI, AI revolution

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AI systems need to be harnessed so that they do not exacerbate existing inequalities or create new ones.

Supporting facts:

• How we harness the potential of ai systems while ensuring that they do not exacerbate already existing inequalities and biases or even create new ones has to be central to our discussions.

Topics: AI systems, Inequalities

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AI governance is essential and controversial.

Supporting facts:

• We’re going to examine the essential and hotly debated questions and almost controversial in some respects of ai governance.

Topics: AI governance, Politics of AI

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The need for a multi-stakeholder and international framework for AI governance.

Supporting facts:

• What a multi-stakeholder and international framework when it comes to ai governance what that might actually look like.

Topics: AI governance, International framework

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It’s essential to uphold worker rights in content moderation

Supporting facts:

• Workers in the content moderation industry sign NDAs, preventing them from discussing their work with family and friends, potentially causing psychosocial impacts.

Topics: Worker Rights, Content Moderation, AI

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Report

During the discussion, the speakers delved into various aspects of AI and its impact on our lives. They highlighted that AI is already transforming our lives and that its landscape is continuously changing. This points towards the fact that we are just at the beginning stages of this technological advancement, and significant progress is expected in the future.

The crucial nature of the current stage of AI development was emphasized. The decisions being made now will deeply affect our collective futures. This insight underscores the need for careful consideration and strategic decision-making to ensure that AI is harnessed for the benefit of all.

Furthermore, the speakers stressed the need for equity in AI development, particularly in relation to developing nations. They discussed how developing nations can position themselves to participate fully in the AI revolution rather than being left marginalized. This calls for efforts to bridge the gap and provide equal opportunities for all countries to leverage AI for their progress and development.

Another important point of discussion was the potential impact of AI systems on existing inequalities and biases. It was essential to harness the potential of AI systems while ensuring that they do not exacerbate or create new forms of inequalities.

This highlights the need for responsible development and implementation practices that consider the social impact of AI technologies. The speakers also explored the essential and controversial topic of AI governance. The discussion focused on questions and debates surrounding AI governance, such as who should be involved in decision-making processes and how to strike a balance between regulation and innovation.

Establishing a multi-stakeholder and international framework for AI governance was identified as crucial to fostering responsible and ethical AI practices on a global scale. The importance of upholding worker rights in the context of AI, specifically in the content moderation industry, was also highlighted.

The speakers pointed out that workers in this industry often sign non-disclosure agreements (NDAs), which can lead to psychosocial impacts due to their inability to discuss their work with family and friends. The need to prioritize worker rights and ensure decent working conditions in AI-related industries emerged as an important ethical concern.

Lastly, the speakers discussed the unique challenges and varying stages of digital infrastructure in Africa in relation to AI regulation. As Africa consists of 55 countries, each with its own level of digital advancement, it was emphasized that there cannot be a one-size-fits-all approach to AI rules for the continent.

This observation underscores the importance of tailoring AI regulations to the specific context and needs of each African country. Overall, the discussion shed light on the transformative power of AI and the need for responsible, equitable, and inclusive approaches to its development and implementation.

It highlighted the importance of considering the potential social, economic, and ethical implications of AI technologies, as well as the necessity of multi-stakeholder collaboration and international cooperation in governing AI.

Arguments

Emphasizes on finding AI in niches, flea markets, places, favelas, and not in the big centers

Supporting facts:

• Created his first AI system for international law in 1992.

• Believes that knowledge is still fairly distributed worldwide.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Distribution

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Artificial Intelligence(AI) has a higher chance of resulting in good impact but also holds significant risk in causing knowledge slavery.

Supporting facts:

• Jovan sees a 60% chance of AI having a positive impact.

• The risk of ‘knowledge slavery’ indicates a situation where a centralized system could codify and control access to knowledge, both historical and current.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Digital Divide, Knowledge Slavery

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Immediate risks of AI, including exacerbation of the digital divide and knowledge slavery, are real and need urgent attention.

Supporting facts:

• Digital divide is expected to increase in the short term.

• Jovan mentions a concern where some big systems could codify and control our common heritage of mankind, including written and oral culture.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Slavery, Digital Divide

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There’s a difference between open source AI and open AI

Supporting facts:

• Open AI is not open source AI

• Lama and Falcon are examples of open platforms

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Open AI, Open Source AI

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AI is in its core very simple and politicians should not be confused by its technical terminology

Supporting facts:

• Politicians should understand their role as protectors of their peoples’ interests

• Request for protection from a Nashville congressman for the local music industry

Topics: AI, Politics, Monopolies, Misinformation

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Fear-mongering over AI’s understanding and usage should be avoided

Supporting facts:

• Fear-mongering can create unnecessary confusion and diversion

Topics: AI, Fear-mongering, Politics

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Providing computing power to developing countries.

Supporting facts:

• The international organization, CERN, among others, can contribute towards this objective.

• Swiss made an initiative announcement to give computing power to developing countries.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Computing Power, Developing Countries

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Creating an open-source, bottom-up platform for transparent, fair, inclusive data processing.

Supporting facts:

• The platform’s users can be small actors from all over the world, including Kenya or a small village in Switzerland.

• The Global Digital Compact can be announced along with this special project.

Topics: Data Processing, Open Source, Inclusivity, Transparency

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The transparency of AI algorithms, particularly around weight allocation, is crucial

Supporting facts:

• Weights in AI refer to the importance given to certain parameters or data in the decision-making process

• Absolute transparency in this regard is currently lacking and needs to be improved

Topics: AI Transparency, Algorithmic Bias

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There is a need for more open, honest, and frank discussions about AI

Supporting facts:

• Currently, the discussion around AI and its implications is steeped in secrecy and confusion

• A more transparent discussion about the technology and its processes will be beneficial for everyone involved

Topics: AI Ethics, AI Transparency

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AI has evolved through iterations of AI winter, AI spring, AI summer, moving from attempts to codify human logic to a basis on probability due to the complexity of human logic

Supporting facts:

• Charles Bonnet theorized 300 years ago that machines could think like humans

• In 1956, AI was first introduced

• Last 10 years have seen fast computers and a lot of data due to blockchain

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Probability, Human Logic, AI Evolution

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AI systems are not capable of doing simple mathematics as they are not based on logic, but on probability

Supporting facts:

• AI systems are inspired by the Austrian philosopher, Wittgenstein, who abdicated mathematical logic for probability

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Mathematics, Probability

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Combining computing power, processing, probabilistic, symbolic logic and good chess skills can make every chess player achieve more than a grandmaster

Supporting facts:

• Kasparov introduced playing games with one chess player and two computers, and the winners were two relatively unknown players

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Chess, Computing Power, Symbolic Logic

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Report

The analysis of perspectives on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its impact reveals several interesting and important insights. One perspective emphasizes the significance of accessible and distributed knowledge worldwide. This viewpoint highlights the belief that knowledge is still fairly distributed worldwide.

It is argued that AI should be found not just in big centers but also in niches, flea markets, and favelas. The aim is to make AI accessible to all, regardless of their location or resources. This perspective aligns with the principles of reducing inequalities and promoting industry, innovation, and infrastructure.

Another viewpoint raises concerns about the risks associated with AI. One such risk is “knowledge slavery,” where a centralized system could codify and control access to historical and current knowledge. This perspective acknowledges that while AI has a higher chance of resulting in positive impacts, there are significant risks that need to be addressed urgently.

It particularly highlights the immediate risks of AI exacerbating the digital divide and leading to knowledge slavery. The analysis also reveals concerns about monopolies and misinformation in the AI space. It is argued that these issues pose a bigger immediate risk than extinction.

Monopolies can curtail fair market competition, while misinformation can generate false identities. This perspective emphasizes the importance of peace, justice, and strong institutions in combating these challenges. Another intriguing observation is the mention of fear-mongering surrounding AI. The argument is made that fear-mongering can create unnecessary confusion and diversion from addressing the real issues related to AI’s understanding and usage.

It is suggested that a more measured and informed approach is required. The analysis also brings up the need for open, honest, and frank discussions about AI. Currently, discussions around AI and its implications are often steeped in secrecy and confusion.

Transparency is highlighted as crucial for gaining a better understanding of the technology and its processes. Additionally, it is noted that AI systems have evolved over time. From attempts to codify human logic, AI has transitioned to a basis on probability due to the complexity of human logic.

It is mentioned that AI systems are not capable of simple mathematics as they are not based on logic but on probability. The analysis also touches upon the need for clarity in regulations and law regarding the digital space. It is argued that there should be more clarity in regulations and laws governing the digital space, particularly in addressing cybercrimes and establishing punishment systems.

In conclusion, the analysis of perspectives on AI and its impact reveals a complex landscape. While some highlight the importance of accessible and distributed knowledge, others raise concerns about the risks associated with AI, such as knowledge slavery and the digital divide.

The need for open discussions, addressing monopolies and misinformation, and clarity in regulations is also emphasized.

Arguments

AI is a powerful tool that will be applied in both good and bad ways

Supporting facts:

• AI is seen as a powerful transformational tool, not necessarily for good or bad

• AI’s application and effects span far and wide, in good and bad ways

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Technological Impact

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We need to act urgently to ensure that the entry into the new age is inclusive

Supporting facts:

• Many people risk being de-skilled by new technologies

• Adoption of a collective perspective on protecting information about populations, subpopulations, groups, social networks is required

Topics: Inclusion, Worker Rights, Technological Advancement

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Technological field can be moved with small investments and curated data.

Supporting facts:

• The exclusivity of data is very important. Small groups, small populations can collect and curate data to build intelligence.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Data, Economy

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It is possible to have a circular economy of intelligence that is more local and focused.

Supporting facts:

• A circular economy of intelligence is possible, leveraging expertly curated data from smaller groups and populations.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Economy, Local Development

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Paul-Olivier Dehaye supports the suggestion to give computing power to developing countries and provide a platform for data processing

Supporting facts:

• The suggestion was made to have a space for individuals from all around the world to come with a data model and do processing according to rules, traceability, etc.

• This would be done in a transparent, fair and inclusive way

Topics: Data Processing, Developing countries, Computing Power

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Paul-Olivier Dehaye believes in the need for technical know-how to avoid entering into dynamics narrated as the only technical way to do things

Supporting facts:

• It was suggested that the technical expertise in data protection and management should be emphasized

Topics: Technical Knowledge, Data Processing

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We need to build a culture of collective probing of AI systems

Supporting facts:

• Uber drivers collectively reclaimed their data to calculate what they are owed

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Collective Action, Transparency

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Data is pivotal in identifying how users interact with AI systems and should be evaluated collectively

Supporting facts:

• ChatGPT allows users to export their data for observation

Topics: Data Use, Artificial Intelligence, User Experience

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Transparency is crucial in AI systems, especially regarding the sourcing and methodologies used

Supporting facts:

• Uber drivers were able to calculate what they owed using their reclaimed data

Topics: Transparency, Artificial Intelligence, Data Sourcing

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Paul-Olivier Dehaye emphasizes the need to pay attention to the advances in mathematics, particularly the blending of traditional symbolic logic and probabilistic approach to combine human and machine intelligence.

Supporting facts:

• Nobel Prize equivalent mathematicians are using the combination of symbolic logic and probabilistic approach for the formalization of proofs.

• This blend of human and machine intelligence is seen as the new core of intellectual endeavors.

Topics: AI, Mathematics, Human-Machine Collaboration

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Report

The analysis of the arguments from the speakers reveals several key points about artificial intelligence (AI). Overall, AI is seen as a powerful tool that can be applied in both positive and negative ways. It has the potential to revolutionise reasoning and knowledge and can be compared to the cognitive architecture for the world.

This implies that AI has the ability to pull and push fragments of reasoning, similar to how the internet allows us to fetch and disseminate information. The potential of AI to manipulate cognitive elements like reasoning suggests that it can be a transformative force in various aspects of society.

One of the key concerns raised by the speakers is the need for inclusive entry into the new age of AI. There is a risk that many people may be de-skilled by new technologies, highlighting the urgency to act in order to ensure that the benefits of AI are accessible to all.

This suggests the importance of adopting a collective perspective and taking proactive measures to protect and empower individuals in the face of AI advancements. The speakers emphasise the need to protect data about social relations and the way people trust each other.

They propose adopting a collective approach to safeguarding this information and creating systems that can be controlled by individuals themselves. By doing so, the speakers argue that it is possible to foster a culture of trust and ensure the responsible use of data in AI systems.

The analysis also highlights the significance of data exclusivity in AI. The speakers argue that small groups and populations can collect and curate data to build intelligence. This suggests that the inclusivity of AI can be enhanced by allowing broader access to curated data, rather than relying solely on large entities and corporations.

In addition, the speakers propose the concept of a circular economy of intelligence. This entails leveraging expertly curated data from smaller groups and populations to drive local and focused intelligence. By encouraging and supporting the development of such localised intelligence, AI can contribute to the goal of decent work and economic growth.

The analysis also emphasises the need for computing power and data processing to be made accessible to developing countries. The speakers argue for the establishment of a transparent and inclusive platform where individuals from around the world can process data according to rules and traceability.

This would enable greater participation from developing countries and promote a fair distribution of AI capabilities. Technical knowledge in data protection and management is highlighted as essential in order to avoid falling into dynamics dictated as the only technical way of doing things.

Emphasising the importance of technical expertise, the speakers suggest that a comprehensive understanding of data protection and management is crucial for responsible and effective AI implementation. Legal expertise is also emphasised as necessary for protecting datasets and preventing the capture of scientific outputs by larger entities.

The speakers mention the French initiative called ‘Usage Rights’, which focuses on preserving scientific outputs and preventing their exploitation by big corporations. This highlights the need for legal frameworks that can safeguard the interests of individuals and promote peace, justice, and strong institutions in the context of AI development.

Transparency is a recurring theme throughout the analysis. The speakers argue that AI systems should be more transparent, with user participation and engagement in the design process. This can be facilitated by allowing users to export their data and observe how they interact with AI systems.

Transparency in sourcing and methodologies used in AI systems is also underscored as a critical factor in building trust and accountability. The analysis also draws attention to the potential of AI to advance fields beyond its own domain. The blend of human and machine intelligence observed in advanced mathematics is seen as the new core of intellectual endeavours.

This suggests that the integration of AI and human intelligence can have far-reaching implications, particularly in the fields of education, industry, innovation, and infrastructure. In conclusion, the analysis of the speakers’ arguments sheds light on various aspects of AI and its impact on society.

The key takeaways include the transformative power of AI, the need for inclusive entry into the AI age, the importance of protecting data and adopting a collective perspective, the significant role of data exclusivity and circular economy of intelligence, the importance of accessible computing power and data processing, the need for technical and legal expertise, the value of transparency in AI systems, and the potential of AI to influence multiple fields.

Arguments

AI has the potential to revolutionize industries and enhance efficiency and support innovation

Supporting facts:

• Applications range from advanced data analytics and automation to augmenting human capabilities in healthcare, agriculture and education.

• AI offers innovative pathways to tackle global challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change and resource management.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Innovation, Efficiency

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AI also presents complex ethical, social and economic considerations

Supporting facts:

• The pervasive integration of AI into our lives raises critical questions about privacy, data security and the ethical use of technology.

• There is growing concern about AI’s potential to disrupt labor markets, displace traditional jobs and create new forms of inequality.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, Economy

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The unchecked expansion of AI technologies could lead to unforeseen environmental impacts

Supporting facts:

• The unchecked expansion of AI technologies could lead to unforeseen environmental impacts.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Environment, Technology

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The rapid growth of AI risks increasing already significant disparities in digitalization between and within countries

Supporting facts:

• Countries at the forefront of AI development such as the United States, China and the United Kingdom are making significant strides whereas the least developed countries are struggling to keep pace.

• U.S., China, the United Kingdom dominate AI research. They hold nearly half of all AI-related patents. Moreover, the United States and China collectively account for half of the world’s hyperscale data centers, over 90% of funding for AI startups, and 70% of all AI researchers.

• Titans like Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, IBM, Meta, Microsoft, Alibaba, Tencent have privileged access to and control over data flows and digital service revenues which may exacerbate global inequities and deepen digital divides.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Digital Divide, Inequality

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Report

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionise industries, enhance efficiency, and support innovation across various sectors. It offers innovative pathways to address global challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and resource management. The applications of AI range from advanced data analytics and automation to augmenting human capabilities in healthcare, agriculture, and education.

This highlights the positive impact AI can have on society and its potential to drive progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. However, the pervasive integration of AI into our lives also raises critical questions and concerns.

Privacy, data security, and the ethical use of technology become paramount as AI becomes more widespread. The unchecked expansion of AI technologies can potentially compromise personal privacy, leading to breaches in data security. There is a growing need to address these ethical considerations to ensure that AI is used responsibly and for the benefit of all.

Moreover, there is a negative aspect to the development of AI. There are concerns that AI may disrupt labour markets, leading to the displacement of traditional jobs and creating new forms of inequality. The potential impact on employment raises questions about how society will adapt to these changes and ensure decent work and economic growth, as stated in SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth.

Additionally, the dominance of countries like the United States, China, and the United Kingdom in AI research, patent ownership, and data control exacerbates global inequalities and deepens digital divides. This further highlights the need to address these disparities and foster inclusivity to mitigate the potential adverse effects of AI development.

Furthermore, the unchecked expansion of AI technologies also has potential environmental implications. The environmental impacts of AI are yet to be fully understood, and there is a need for careful consideration of the potential consequences. It is crucial to ensure that the development of AI is aligned with SDG 13: Climate Action and does not contribute to further environmental harm.

In conclusion, while AI holds tremendous potential to revolutionise industries, enhance efficiency, and tackle global challenges, its integration must be accompanied by careful considerations. The ethical use of technology, privacy, data security, and environmental impacts need to be addressed to ensure the responsible and inclusive development of AI.

Involving developing countries in discussions about AI is vital to foster inclusivity and avoid excluding them from shaping the future. By addressing the challenges and considering the potential risks, we can harness the full potential of AI while minimising its negative impacts.

Arguments

AI has transformed economies and improved issues around poverty in developing nations

Supporting facts:

• Technologies have transformed the economies of African countries.

• Technologies have improved issues around poverty, social impact, and sustainable issues.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Developing Nations, Economic Transformation, Poverty Alleviation

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African countries face challenges in AI development due to costs and influence of big tech companies

Supporting facts:

• The cost for a seat at an AI producing company is an average of $200.

• Many AI developing companies in Africa are being funded and supported by the big tech companies.

Topics: African AI Development, Technology Monopoly, AI Production Costs

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Developing nations need global cooperation for benefiting from AI

Supporting facts:

• To develop beneficial AI tools, companies in developing nations have to leapfrog on these resource tools, which control these resources.

• AI is a profit-making issue, and it’s a very critical resource where globally everybody that is contributing to these resources can effectively benefit.

Topics: Global Cooperation, AI Benefits

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AI ecosystem should be a resource for everybody

Supporting facts:

• The AI ecosystem is similar and different in terms of its structure and governance

• Existing resources are recognized in economies

• Suggests a similar structure to how the Internet is governed

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Accessibility, Resource Allocation

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AI should be seen as an enabler not just a technology

Supporting facts:

• AI is used to enable various sectors

• AI regulator may not be an effective regulator for the sectors it enables like healthcare or education

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Vision, Regulation

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Contributors of data sets to AI should be recognized and properly compensated

Supporting facts:

• Suggests concept of a trust where contributors decide what data is made available and in what context

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Data contribution, Recognition, Compensation

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The single action Teki Akuetteh thinks needs to take place is making AI resources equitably available to all

Topics: AI Equity, Inclusivity in AI

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Report

The discussion centered around the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on developing nations, particularly African countries. It highlighted the transformative influence of AI technologies on African economies, addressing issues related to poverty, social impact, and sustainability. However, challenges were also identified, such as the high costs associated with AI development and the influence of big tech companies.

The need for global cooperation, equitable access to resources, and supportive infrastructure were emphasized. Recognizing and compensating data contributors, careful regulation, and inclusivity were also deemed crucial for responsible and equitable AI development in developing nations.

Arguments

Uma Rani believes in digital worker rights

Supporting facts:

• Uma Rani works at the research department of the ILO and has done extensive research in the area of AI in developing countries

Topics: digital worker rights, platform economy, AI in developing countries

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AI adoption in the workplace leads to more task replacement than job replacement

Supporting facts:

• AI has not yet been adopted on a large scale in most workplaces

• Tasks in many industries are being automated or outsourced to AI technologies

• There’s been significant investment in AI-related tools

Topics: AI Adoption, Labor Market, Task Replacement

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Content moderators are exposed to psychosocial impacts

Supporting facts:

• Content moderators can’t talk about their work due to NDAs, leading to internalization of stress

• There’s a case in Kenya involving Meta and content moderation

Topics: Content Moderation, Psychosocial Impact

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Understanding the data value chain is crucial

Supporting facts:

• Complete transparency is needed in the collection, cleaning, analysis, and outcome of data.

• Worker empowerment can be achieved by fighting for data rights.

Topics: data value chain, data rights

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Transparency in algorithms is crucial

Supporting facts:

• Transparency in data and algorithms is needed to address fair practices and equity issues.

Topics: algorithm transparency, fair practices

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AI development requires ethical regulation

Supporting facts:

• Insufficient attention is being given to the development process of AI.

• AI development should be regulated ethically.

Topics: AI development, ethical regulation

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Artificial Intelligence and emerging technologies do not necessarily signify the end of jobs for developers and computer programmers

Supporting facts:

• Programming and development tasks have been streamlined and facilitated by AI but cannot be fully replaced

• ChatGPT can generate multiple solutions but a human developer is still required for further development

• Existing layers of programming help speed up the process, but innovative thinking for development is still necessary

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, ChatGPT, GitHub, Software Development, Employment

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Ethical development and use of AI

Supporting facts:

• There’s a huge risk of AI being used for monitoring and surveillance

• AI could lead to work intensification and worse working conditions

Topics: AI, Ethics, Development

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Report

Uma Rani, an employee at the International Labour Organization (ILO), strongly advocates for digital worker rights. She has conducted extensive research on the impact of AI in developing countries, shaping her belief in the importance of protecting workers in the digital era.

However, some perceive her as biased due to her background as a development economist and her work in the platform economy. The adoption of AI in workplaces has not yet reached a large scale, but there has been significant investment in AI-related tools.

This has led to the automation or outsourcing of tasks in various industries, raising concerns about the replacement of specific tasks rather than entire jobs. This argument suggests that AI adoption may result in increased productivity and efficiency, but there is a risk of certain tasks becoming obsolete.

One of the worries associated with AI adoption is the potential de-skilling of highly educated workers. In some cases, individuals with advanced degrees are assigned mundane tasks related to AI development, such as cleaning and feeding data to AI systems.

Additionally, examples exist of IT graduates working on removing objectionable material from the web, which indicates a potential waste of their expertise and skills. Content moderators, who are responsible for moderating online content, often experience psychosocial impacts and are unable to discuss their work due to non-disclosure agreements.

This lack of communication and support can lead to the internalization of stress and negative mental health consequences. There have been calls for authorities to intervene and address these issues surrounding content moderation, as exemplified by a case involving Meta in Kenya.

Understanding the data value chain is crucial, and Uma Rani argues that worker empowerment can be achieved by fighting for data rights. She emphasizes the need for complete transparency in the collection, cleaning, analysis, and outcome of data. This would ensure that workers have control and ownership over the data they contribute.

Furthermore, discussions on fiduciary or data trust have been initiated, asserting the right of everyone to the data they contribute and its usage. Transparency in algorithms is also a key concern. It is argued that algorithm transparency is necessary to address fair practices and equity issues.

By providing transparency, biases and potential discrimination embedded in algorithms can be identified and mitigated. This contributes to a more just and equitable use of AI and data-driven technologies. The development of AI requires ethical regulation, as insufficient attention is currently being given to the process.

The argument asserts the importance of considering ethical implications in the development and use of AI to ensure it aligns with societal values and upholds ethical standards. This includes addressing issues such as privacy, bias, and accountability. Contrary to the widespread fear of job displacement, it is highlighted that artificial intelligence and emerging technologies do not necessarily result in job losses for developers and computer programmers.

While AI has streamlined and facilitated certain programming tasks, human developers are still required for further development and innovative thinking. The argument suggests that rather than replacing jobs, AI can enhance and support the work of developers and programmers. In light of technological advancements, there is a need to revisit and reframe industrial and employment policies.

The advent of AI and platforms like GitHub has led to a shift from formal jobs to more informal arrangements. This raises concerns about de-skilling and the need to develop products that benefit our own societies and economies. Policies should be updated to provide support and address the challenges posed by technological revolutions.

Finally, the ethical development and use of AI is crucial. There is a risk that AI could be used for monitoring, surveillance, and work intensification, leading to worse working conditions. It is argued that clear regulation of AI is necessary to protect workers throughout its development and use.

This includes safeguarding against unethical practices, ensuring privacy, and promoting fairness and respect for worker rights. Overall, the expanded summary highlights the various arguments and perspectives concerning digital worker rights, AI adoption, the data value chain, algorithm transparency, ethical regulation, and the impact of AI on job displacement.

Noteworthy observations include the need for worker empowerment, the importance of revisiting industrial and employment policies, and the risks and challenges associated with AI’s development and use.

Arguments

Peru has many signed trade agreements and bilateral investment treaties which have resulted in several demands worldwide.

Supporting facts:

• Peru has 22 trade agreements signed, many of them are still in force despite expiration.

• For two consecutive years, Peru has been the country with most demands worldwide.

Topics: Trade Agreements, Investment Treaties, Demands

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Commercial policy and agreements in Peru do not guarantee sustainability, human rights, and citizens’ participation.

Supporting facts:

• Civil society organizations have been expressing concerns about the impacts of commercial agreements.

• Policies that weaken environmental institutionality and promote investments without accounting for human rights have been approved in Peru.

Topics: Commercial Policy, Sustainability, Human Rights, Public Participation

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Peru has high environmental concerns due to abusive use of water, deforestation, pesticide use, and oil spills.

Supporting facts:

• Peru lost 203,000 hectares of forest in 2020, the highest figure in recent decades.

• Monitoring in Peru revealed over 21 food items are highly contaminated by pesticides.

• Repsol oil spill affected more than 10,300 people partaking in fishing activities.

Topics: Environment, Water Abuse, Deforestation, Pesticide Use, Oil Spills

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Commercial policy implemented in the Andean region, reinforces primary exporting countries, and an asymmetric trade without technology transfer.

Supporting facts:

• The commercial policy has not ensured that Peruvian exports have higher added value or a higher technological level.

• This policy has also led to more flexibility in environmental norms.

Topics: Commercial Policy, Primary Exporting Countries, Asymmetric Trade, Technology Transfer

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Report

Peru has signed 22 trade agreements, many of which are still in effect despite their expiration. However, these agreements have resulted in numerous global demands, making Peru the country with the most demands worldwide for two consecutive years. This indicates that Peru’s trade agreements and bilateral investment treaties have led to significant challenges and disputes.

One major concern raised by civil society organizations is the impact of Peru’s commercial policies. These policies do not guarantee sustainability, human rights, and citizen participation. This raises questions about the effectiveness of Peru’s approach to commercial policy and its ability to balance economic interests with social and environmental concerns.

Peru also faces significant environmental issues such as water abuse, deforestation, pesticide use, and oil spills. In 2020 alone, Peru lost 203,000 hectares of forest, the highest figure in recent decades. Additionally, monitoring in Peru has revealed that over 21 food items are highly contaminated with pesticides.

The Repsol oil spill further affected more than 10,300 people involved in fishing activities. These environmental concerns highlight the need for stronger regulations and sustainable practices in Peru. Another issue is the commercial policy implemented in the Andean region, which reinforces primary exporting countries and leads to asymmetric trade without technology transfer.

This means that Peru’s exports lack higher added value or a higher technological level. Additionally, this policy has resulted in more flexibility in environmental norms, which can have adverse effects on sustainability and economic growth. In light of these challenges, it is imperative for Peru to promote trade that contributes to sustainable development.

With political, economic, and climatic crises affecting the country, linked trade that addresses social, environmental, and economic concerns becomes an urgent need. It is essential for Peru to re-evaluate its trade agreements, commercial policies, and environmental regulations in order to achieve enduring and sustainable development.

Overall, Peru’s trade agreements, commercial policies, and environmental concerns raise questions about the country’s approach to sustainable development and the balance between economic growth and environmental protection. It is crucial for Peru to address these challenges and promote trade that supports long-term sustainability and contributes to the well-being of its citizens and the global community.

Arguments

Liability for actions should not be automatically attributed

Supporting facts:

• The example of Facebook not being responsible for what is shown on marketplace was given

Topics: Regulation, Governance, Facebook

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There are existing policies and protocols that can guide decisions.

Supporting facts:

• The Kyoto Protocol is a declaration for countries to abide by.

• UPOB 91 is a charter that recognizes the patent of seeds, restricting countries in their seed policies.

• The UN Seed Protocol protects the rights of indigenous people regarding seed harvesting and cultivation.

Topics: Policy Spaces, Kyoto Protocol, UPOB 91, UN Seed Protocol

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Private companies should not be the judge to decide whether some publications are harmful.

Supporting facts:

• Laws exist for the purpose of delegating judgement on such matters.

• If a company denies the harm of a content, they can be held liable if a judge orders otherwise.

Topics: Private Companies, Harmful Content, Liability

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Report

The discussion focused on the regulation and governance of the digital economy, touching upon various viewpoints. One argument stated that liability should not be automatically attributed for actions in the digital economy. The example of Facebook being exempt from responsibility for content shown on its marketplace was cited.

This argument advocated for a more nuanced approach to assigning liability. Another speaker emphasized the significance of considering existing regulatory frameworks and international organizations in mitigating the impact of the digital economy. The Kyoto Protocol was mentioned as an example, as it provides regulations for waste disposal and has provisions for countries to abide by.

The speaker argued for the development of similar frameworks to regulate the digital economy. Existing policies and protocols that can guide decision-making were also emphasized, with references to UPOB 91, a charter recognizing seed patents and restricting countries’ seed policies, and the UN Seed Protocol, which protects indigenous people’s rights in seed harvesting and cultivation.

However, it was acknowledged that not all international policies and protocols are equal. Trade rules were identified as potential underminers of policy spaces, and violating these rules can result in dispute settlements with financial consequences. The importance of not allowing private companies to solely determine harmful content was highlighted.

Laws exist to delegate judgment on such matters, and if a company denies the harm of certain content, they can be held liable if a judge orders otherwise. Lastly, the discussion emphasized the need for global-scale solutions to address global-scale problems.

Established international conventions, such as the Kyoto Protocol, were suggested as tools to regulate the digitalization process. The idea of creating a model treaty on digitalization and engaging in discussions to mitigate problems at a global scale rather than focusing on specific sectors was also presented.

Overall, the discussion provided diverse perspectives on the regulation and governance of the digital economy, highlighting arguments for nuanced liability approaches, consideration of existing frameworks, and the significance of global-scale solutions. The examples and evidence presented added depth to the conversation, illustrating the potential applicability of existing policies and protocols in addressing the challenges of the digital economy.

Arguments

Digital economy regulations are largely directed at limiting government control while benefiting corporations.

Supporting facts:

• Big tech companies’ business models involve evading regulations and taxes.

• Trade disciplines restrain governments’ ability to control foreign corporations.

• Proposed digital rules give corporations rights to operate in countries without contributing significantly to the economy.

Topics: Digital Economy, Trade Regulations, Government Control

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Countries need to maintain regulatory space for future digital innovations.

Supporting facts:

• The US has recently realized and acted upon the fact that it requires regulatory space.

• The need to regulate new technologies like AI is embryonic but crucial.

• Tying up regulatory space in trade agreements would inhibit future governing.

Topics: Digital Innovation, Regulation, Trade agreements

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Facebook’s business model promotes misinformation

Supporting facts:

• Facebook whistleblowers exposed that there is no monitoring of misinformation in certain regions

• The business model is such that it allows electoral manipulation, fomenting of violence and discrimination for more profits

Topics: Facebook, Misinformation, Social media

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Online exemption from regulation comparable to the physical world leads to problems

Supporting facts:

• In US, Section 230 of telecommunications law exempts online intermediaries from liability

• This has led to such actions that are prohibited in the real world to be conducted online such as trafficking

Topics: Internet Law, Regulation, Section 230

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Lack of enforceable digitalization regulation is worrying

Supporting facts:

• The only negotiated rules in the digital sphere are free trade agreements.

• UNESCO principles of Ethics on AI and the global digital compact at the UN are not enforceable, they are just good practices.

Topics: Kyoto Protocol, Trade agreements, Digital Protocols

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Report

The ongoing debate centres around the necessity of implementing digital economy regulations and their potential impact on government control and corporate interests. One perspective argues that these regulations tend to limit government control while favouring corporations. It is claimed that big tech companies evade regulations and taxes through their business models.

Additionally, trade disciplines are said to restrain governments’ ability to control foreign corporations. Proposed digital trade rules have come under scrutiny for granting excessive power and profit to tech corporations while hampering the effectiveness of government regulation. It is highlighted that these rules would allow tech giants like Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, and Microsoft to access tax evasions, the non-disclosure of proprietary algorithms, and unrestricted data flows.

The United States has recently withdrawn its support for some of these proposals due to the recognition of the need for further regulation. Furthermore, it is argued that the existing digital trade rules do not align with the development objectives set forth by developing countries.

On the other hand, proponents of maintaining regulatory space for future digital innovations contend that it is crucial to ensure countries have the capacity to regulate emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI). They caution against tying up regulatory space in trade agreements, as it could inhibit future governance and hinder the ability to effectively regulate new technologies.

Regarding social media platforms, Facebook’s business model is criticised for promoting misinformation. Whistleblowers have exposed the lack of monitoring of misinformation in certain regions. It is alleged that Facebook’s business model enables electoral manipulation and the fomenting of violence and discrimination for the sake of generating more profits.

In terms of online content liability, the viewpoint is that online platforms should be held accountable for illegal or harmful content. Several supporting facts underpin this argument, including cases where harm was caused, such as a girl committing suicide due to continuous exposure to harmful content.

In another instance, the trafficking of women and children was facilitated electronically, highlighting the lack of regulation in the digital realm compared to the physical world. The exemption of online intermediaries from liability, similar to the physical world, is deemed problematic.

This exemption is instated by Section 230 of telecommunications law in the United States. It has been pointed out that such an exemption leads to prohibited actions, like trafficking, being conducted online with minimal consequences. Concerns are raised about the lack of enforceable regulation in the digital sphere.

The only negotiated rules in the digital domain are found within free trade agreements, while principles of ethics on AI and global digital compacts lack enforceability, functioning primarily as good practices. Lastly, the necessity of fair trade, anti-monopoly rules, pro-competition, and global taxation is acknowledged, but it is highlighted that these rules are often deemed non-binding due to the significant power held by large corporations.

Big tech companies are purportedly advocating for self-regulation, while developing countries face challenges in achieving fair tax rules for digitalisation, primarily due to resistance from developed countries. Overall, the debate on digital economy regulations encompasses a range of viewpoints and considerations.

It is evident that balancing government control, corporate interests, regulation of emerging technologies, and liability for online content pose significant challenges. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, finding effective solutions that promote equitable and responsible digital governance remains a pressing issue.

Arguments

Trade applies not only to material aspects of the economy, but also to the digital economy.

Supporting facts:

• Trade is becoming increasingly digital, and the digital economy is becoming the leading area of the global economy.

Topics: Trade, Digital Economy, Global Economy

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Digital trade has serious environmental impacts from increased resource use and pollution.

Supporting facts:

• The production of technology hardware and its waste contributes to pollution.

• Data centers require significant energy and water resources and contribute to urban housing problems.

Topics: Digital Trade, Environmental Impact

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The current digital governance model accelerates international trade and logistics, leading to more environmental damage.

Supporting facts:

• Accelerated international trade requires more energy, fuel, and other resources.

• Data storage also represents a huge environmental cost.

Topics: Digital Governance, International Trade, Environment

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There is a need for regulation in the rapidly evolving technology sector as its impact has massive implications on the economy and environment

Supporting facts:

• Ambassador Tai of the U.S. indicated the U.S.’s lack of a robust regulatory infrastructure for technologies such as artificial intelligence

• The use of algorithms has both positive and negative environmental implications like preventing poaching or creating misleading crime patterns

• Digital economy has become a double-edged sword for developing countries, promising economic growth while leading to environmental degradation

Topics: Digital Technology, Regulation, Economy, Environment

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Protocols and policy spaces exist, but they do not offer the same level of protection

Supporting facts:

• The WTO rules are powerful in undermining policy spaces

• Mexico is part of the UPOB 78 which is more lax, and EU is pushing for Mexico to go to the UPOB 91

• If a country violates trade rule, it can lead to a dispute settlement which will cost them money

Topics: UPOB 91, Trade rules, UN seed protocol, Indigenous rights

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Report

The digital economy is rapidly growing and becoming the dominant sector of the global economy. Trade itself is also evolving into a more digital format. However, concerns have been raised regarding the implications of the digital economy within the context of trade negotiations.

One argument is that trade applies not only to material aspects of the economy but also to the digital economy. The increasing digitisation of trade has significant environmental implications. The production of technology hardware and its waste contribute to pollution.

Additionally, data centres require substantial energy and water resources while also contributing to housing issues in urban areas. Another concern is that the current digital governance model is accelerating international trade and logistics, resulting in more environmental damage. The accelerated growth of international trade requires increased energy consumption, fuel consumption, and resource usage.

Moreover, the storage and processing of data have a significant environmental cost. Furthermore, the provision prohibiting the transfer of algorithms and source codes in digital trade agreements is seen as problematic. Access to technology is crucial for a sovereign and just transition to greener technologies.

It is argued that artificial intelligence and automation systems must adhere to certain ethical standards, including environmental standards. Regulations should be in place for tech products to ensure they respect the environment, fundamental human rights, and national sovereignty. For instance, the illegal sale of protected animals or plants on platforms such as Facebook is harmful.

Additionally, the management of pesticides through technological means like drones should be checked and controlled through access to the source code. On the other hand, levying taxes on electronic transmissions could provide the necessary resources for states to address climate change.

The implementation of taxes can help countries invest in renewable energy, strengthen their control capabilities, and raise awareness through campaigns. Developing countries are losing billions in potential revenue due to the lack of customs duties on electronic transmissions. The rapid growth of the digital economy necessitates the need for regulation in the ever-evolving technology sector.

The impact of technology on the economy and the environment can have massive implications. While technology progress is inevitable, it must be handled responsibly to avoid exacerbating global inequalities and leading to environmental exploitation. The current trade rules have been criticised for perpetuating economic disparities and a pattern of exploitation.

Companies like Amazon have made significant profits but paid little to no taxes in developing countries. Moreover, the existing rules protect intellectual property and allow powerful multinationals to monopolise resource-rich regions. Protocols and policy spaces do exist, but they do not offer the same level of protection.

The WTO rules have been influential in undermining policy spaces. For instance, if a country violates trade rules, it can lead to a dispute settlement that will cost them money. The UPOB 91, which recognises the patenting of seeds, has been seen as a problematic space.

The European Union pushes for countries to join the UPOB 91 through trade agreements. If a country like Mexico decides to join, it becomes liable for lawsuits if it fails to implement certain policies. In conclusion, the growth of the digital economy and the increasing digitisation of trade present both opportunities and challenges.

Concerns have been raised about the environmental impact, the need for regulations to protect the environment and human rights, as well as the current trade rules perpetuating economic disparities. The discussion around these issues highlights the importance of responsible handling of technology to avoid exacerbating global inequalities and environmental exploitation.

Moreover, there is a need for more comprehensive and protective protocols and policy spaces to address these concerns and strive for a more sustainable and equitable digital economy.

Arguments

The digital revolution leads to acceleration in logistics, creating an environmental burden.

Supporting facts:

• An acceleration in international trade leads to more shipments and movements of packages.

• The digital revolution aims to have a door-to-door movement of packages.

Topics: Digital revolution, Environmental impact, Logistics

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Free flow of data principle may impact the environment negatively.

Supporting facts:

• Data centers require a lot of water and energy, and generate pollution.

• Most data centers are placed in tax havens or large cities, which are not necessarily environmentally friendly.

• Data centers in populated cities contribute to housing problems.

Topics: Data centers, Free flow of data principle, Environment

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The prohibition of restrictions on source code transfers impacts environmental and social standards.

Supporting facts:

• States cannot ensure that technologies adhere to environmental and social standards.

• Artificial intelligence must meet ethical standards, which includes considering environmental standards.

Topics: Source code, Artificial intelligence, Environment, Social standards

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Moderation of content on platforms can impact environment conservation.

Supporting facts:

• Illegal trade of animals, plants, and minerals at risk are being conducted through Facebook groups.

Topics: Moderation of content, Social media platforms, Environment conservation

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Preclusion of customs duties on electronic transmissions are losing countries revenue.

Supporting facts:

• Countries are missing out on collecting enormous amount of fiscal terms.

Topics: Electronic transmissions, Customs duties, Revenue

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The world needs urgent answers and digital is a sphere that will continue to grow exponentially

Supporting facts:

• Digital is a sphere that not only involves us today, but will also grow exponentially in the years to come.

Topics: Digital sphere, Urgent answers

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States should have the room to regulate companies and enforce better practices

Supporting facts:

• Thinking of leaving room for states to regulate and force companies to have better practices

Topics: State regulation, Company practices

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Verification of companies’ compliance and potential slowing down of the economy is necessary

Supporting facts:

• Verifying their compliance, and even slowing down the economy is necessary.

Topics: Verification of compliance, economy

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Social media companies may not be directly responsible for the harmful content posted, but they are responsible for their algorithms spreading it.

Supporting facts:

• Case of a 14-year-old girl in Britain who committed suicide because Pinterest, TikTok, and Facebook wouldn’t stop showing her suicidal messages.

Topics: Social Media, Algorithms, Content Moderation

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Digital regulation is currently being discussed in trade agreements

Supporting facts:

• Trade agreements are really enforceable with tribunals and penalties for non-compliance

Topics: Digital regulation, Trade agreements

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Need for enforceable rules in the digital sphere

Supporting facts:

• The global digital compact at the UN and the UNESCO principles of Ethics on AI are not enforceable but should be.

Topics: Digital regulation, Enforceability

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Report

The analysis raises several concerns about the impact of the digital revolution on the environment and logistics. It argues that the increased international trade and accelerated logistics associated with the digital revolution have led to a significant environmental burden. The rise in trade has resulted in more shipments and movements of packages, which further contribute to carbon emissions and unsustainable resource consumption.

This negative sentiment is supported by evidence that highlights the need for a more sustainable approach to the transportation and delivery of goods. Additionally, the free flow of data principle, which promotes the unrestricted movement and transfer of data, is seen as having negative consequences for the environment.

Data centres, which are essential for storing and processing large amounts of digital information, require vast amounts of water and energy, leading to increased pollution. Additionally, the majority of data centres are located in tax havens or large cities, which may not be environmentally friendly.

This geographic concentration of data centres in populated areas exacerbates housing problems and puts further strain on urban infrastructure. The argument suggests that the unchecked growth of data centres should be addressed to mitigate their environmental impact. The analysis also highlights concerns regarding the impact of the digital revolution on social and ethical standards.

It argues that the prohibition of restrictions on source code transfers, a characteristic of the digital revolution, has implications for environmental and social standards. The argument posits that without proper regulation and oversight, technologies cannot be guaranteed to adhere to these standards.

Additionally, artificial intelligence, a key component of the digital revolution, is expected to meet ethical standards, including considering environmental factors. Therefore, the analysis argues for the importance of incorporating and enforcing environmental and social standards within the digital sphere. Another area of concern raised in the analysis is the moderation of content on social media platforms.

It is noted that illegal trade of animals, plants, and minerals at risk of extinction has been facilitated through Facebook groups. The analysis emphasises the need for effective content moderation measures to combat this issue and ensure environmental conservation efforts are not undermined.

Moreover, the analysis identifies the preclusion of customs duties on electronic transmissions as a significant loss of revenue for countries. This omission is seen as a disadvantage, as countries miss out on collecting significant fiscal terms from the growing digital economy.

The argument suggests that the current approach to customs duties on electronic transmissions needs to be reevaluated to ensure fair taxation and revenue generation. On a more positive note, the analysis underscores the urgent need for digital solutions in an increasingly digitised world.

It recognises that the digital sphere is a rapidly growing sector that not only affects us today but will continue to expand exponentially in the future. This observation highlights the importance of addressing the impact of the digital revolution on the environment, logistics, and other social and ethical domains.

Additionally, the analysis suggests that giving states room to regulate and enforce better practices within the digital sphere is crucial. This approach acknowledges the role of governments in shaping policies and regulations that can guide companies towards more sustainable and responsible practices.

Furthermore, it is argued that the verification of compliance with environmental and social standards, even if it may slow down the economy, is necessary. This observation stresses the importance of holding companies accountable for their actions and ensuring they adhere to established standards to safeguard the environment.

Notably, the analysis supports the idea of a regulated digital sphere and the need to preserve policy space for countries. The argument proposes that instead of imposing extensive rules on the digital economy, it is essential to carefully consider what policy space countries require to effectively navigate the challenges posed by the digital revolution.

Lastly, the analysis raises concerns about the enforceability of rules within the digital sphere. The global digital compact at the UN and the UNESCO principles of Ethics on AI are recognised as important frameworks, but the analysis highlights the need for more robust enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance with ethical and environmental standards.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the environmental burden and negative impact associated with the digital revolution, emphasising the need for sustainable approaches to logistics, data centres, source code transfers, and content moderation. It advocates for the enforcement of environmental and social standards, revenue generation through customs duties, and the regulation of the digital sphere to preserve policy space and ensure responsible practices.

The analysis also recognises the urgent need for digital solutions in an increasingly digitised world while calling for the accountability of companies and the enforceability of rules and standards.

Arguments

The Femtech market is expected to double in size in the next five years, focusing on pregnancy, nursing, reproductive and menstrual health, and contraception.

Supporting facts:

• Advanced maternal care is a key part of Femtech.

• Women use their own data to track and manage their health.

Topics: Femtech, Pregnancy, Nursing, Reproductive health, Menstrual health, Contraception

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The growth of Femtech is breaking down barriers of stigma related to women’s health issues.

Supporting facts:

• Breastfeeding is stigmatized in many parts of the world.

• Social media giants ban and restrict many educational content on women’s health.

Topics: Femtech, Women’s health, Stigma

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Inclusive startups, particularly those focusing on underrepresented communities, can stimulate economic growth.

Supporting facts:

• Startup20 focussed on this issue.

• Activation of underrepresented communities can translate to an increase in GDP.

Topics: Inclusion, Startups, Underrepresented communities

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Establishing Lactamo faced many pre-market obstacles

Supporting facts:

• Etta Watts Russel personally experienced the challenges of breastfeeding.

• She noted IP, clinical validation, market validation, regulatory compliance, funding and manufacturing as obstacles faced during the establishment of her startup.

• Government grant funds and support from the Australian startup system were beneficial in her journey.

Topics: Breastfeeding, Startup, Accelerator programs, Government funds

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Startup20 provided an opportunity for diverse startups to learn from each other

Supporting facts:

• Startup20 engagement meeting allowed each country to present on their strengths and weaknesses in the startup space.

• The variety of delegates from founders to VCs and professional firms added diversity to Startup20

• Etta stated that she benefited from the recommendations and focus areas highlighted during Startup20.

• Different definitions of startups in various countries indicate the need for a unified understanding.

Topics: Diversity, Global Interactions, Startup20

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Femtech sector is anticipated to evolve hugely in next 5-10 years

Supporting facts:

• Taboo subjects are turning into focus areas

• Industry statistics predict that this area will double in the next five years

• Women’s health is closely related to data, which gives power to women

Topics: Femtech, Industrial Growth, Women’s Health

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Digitalization in Femtech space can bring numerous opportunities

Supporting facts:

• Digital solutions can make women more comfortable discussing their health solutions

• Digitalization can help to tackle fertility journeys, pregnancy and postpartum journeys

Topics: Femtech, Digitalization of Healthcare Solutions, Women Empowerment

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Report

The Femtech market, which encompasses technology-based solutions catering to women’s health needs, is projected to double in size within the next five years. This growth is primarily focused on areas such as pregnancy, nursing, reproductive and menstrual health, and contraception.

Advanced maternal care is identified as a key component of Femtech, highlighting the importance of providing comprehensive healthcare solutions for expectant mothers. One significant aspect of the Femtech market is its ability to empower women to track and manage their own health by utilizing their personal data.

By empowering women to take control of their health, Femtech plays a crucial role in promoting gender equality and supporting SDG 5 (Gender Equality). The rapid growth of Femtech is also breaking down societal barriers and overcoming stigmatization associated with women’s health issues.

Breastfeeding, for example, is stigmatized in many parts of the world. However, the growth of Femtech is gradually removing the barriers by providing support and education to mothers. In addition, social media platforms have implemented policies to restrict educational content on women’s health, but the development of the Femtech market challenges these restrictions and provides valuable resources and information for women.

Furthermore, inclusive startups, particularly those focusing on underrepresented communities, have the potential to stimulate economic growth and contribute to SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities). Activation of underrepresented communities has been linked to an increase in GDP, highlighting the positive impact of inclusive startups on the economy.

Etta Watts Russell, a prominent advocate for the integration of Femtech in the healthcare sector, emphasizes the importance of addressing stigmatized women’s health issues and empowering underrepresented communities. She underscores the economic benefits of investing in breastfeeding and the significant market potential for Femtech.

Establishing a Femtech startup comes with its own set of challenges. Obstacles such as intellectual property (IP), clinical validation, market validation, regulatory compliance, funding, and manufacturing impact the success of such ventures. However, government grant funds and support from the startup ecosystem can prove instrumental in overcoming these barriers.

The international platform Startup20 provides an opportunity for diverse startups to learn from each other. Through engagement meetings, various countries present their strengths and weaknesses in the startup space, promoting global interactions and the exchange of knowledge. The diversity of delegates, ranging from founders to venture capitalists and professional firms, adds richness to the startup ecosystem.

Support and education are crucial for the success of Femtech solutions. Etta Watts Russell emphasizes the need for educating mothers and raising awareness about solutions like Lactamo. Without proper support, the ability of Femtech products to improve breastfeeding statistics and women’s health outcomes may be limited.

The future of the Femtech sector looks promising, with industry statistics predicting a significant evolution in the next 5-10 years. Taboo subjects related to women’s health are emerging as focus areas, highlighting the growing recognition and acceptance of previously neglected issues.

The use of data in women’s health gives power to women, enabling them to make informed decisions about their well-being. Femtech solutions promote proactive approaches to healthcare, countering negative trends and bridging gaps in access to healthcare services. By empowering women to handle their own health issues, Femtech contributes to SDG 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing).

Digitalization has the potential to revolutionize the Femtech space. By providing digital solutions, women can comfortably discuss their health concerns and find support. The use of technology can also aid in tackling fertility journeys, pregnancy, and postpartum experiences. Overall, the growth and development of the Femtech market present numerous opportunities to address women’s health needs, break down societal barriers, and empower underrepresented communities.

By integrating Femtech solutions into the healthcare sector, prioritizing education and awareness, and embracing digitalization, significant progress can be made towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Arguments

Femtech market is expected to grow rapidly, with major categories including pregnancy, nursing, reproductive and menstrual health, and contraception

Supporting facts:

• The Femtech market is expected to double in size in the next five years

• the COVID pandemic significantly accelerated the rise and adoption of digital health solutions

Topics: Femtech, Growth, Pregnancy, Nursing, Reproductive health, Menstrual health, Contraception

---

Women are more likely to use digital tools for healthcare

Supporting facts:

• Working age women are 75% more likely to use digital tools for healthcare than men

Topics: Women , Digital health tools, Healthcare

---

Many Femtech offerings unfortunately go hand in hand with society’s labeling of supposed taboo subjects

Supporting facts:

• Breastfeeding, a crucial life-saving intervention for infants, is heavily stigmatized in most countries in the world

Topics: Femtech, Taboo Topics, Society

---

Despite its growth, the Femtech market so far is primarily limited to the developed world

Supporting facts:

• Main development of the Femtech market has occurred predominantly only in the developed world

Topics: Femtech, Development Gap

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Initiatives like Startup20 aim to address the challenges faced by entrepreneurs, focusing in particular on underrepresented groups

Supporting facts:

• Startup20 is the first of its kind engagement group under the Indian presidency of G20

• Its task forces are empowered to develop key priorities for the global startup ecosystem

• One task force, Include, works to promote startups addressing challenges faced by underrepresented groups

Topics: Startup20, Entrepreneurship, Underrepresented Groups

---

Etta Watts Russell stresses the importance of providing support and education for mothers in the context of breastfeeding and femtech solutions

Supporting facts:

• Etta’s own negative experience with breastfeeding motivated her to approach the problem

• Lactamo is a world-first product with a 100% clinical validation success rate

Topics: Femtech, Lactamo, Breastfeeding, Motherhood, Startup20

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There has been a major shift in what is considered acceptable and priority, especially in women’s health.

Supporting facts:

• Industry statistics project doubling of opportunities in women’s health in the next five years.

• Technology is enabling women, especially in remote/rural areas, to better access health solutions.

Topics: Women empowerment, Women’s health, Femtech

---

Report

The Femtech market is expected to double in size within the next five years, focusing on areas such as pregnancy, nursing, reproductive and menstrual health, and contraception. This growth is partly due to the accelerated rise and adoption of digital health solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Additionally, women of working age are 75% more likely than men to use digital tools for healthcare, indicating their greater engagement and interest in leveraging technology for managing their health. However, despite the positive growth prospects, many Femtech offerings still face societal stigma due to their association with taboo subjects.

This stigma hinders the widespread acceptance and usage of these products and solutions. Another concern is the limited development of the Femtech market in the developed world, leaving out significant portions of the global population and creating an inequality in access to innovative healthcare technologies and solutions.

To address these challenges and promote inclusivity, initiatives like Startup20 have emerged. Startup20, as the first engagement group under the Indian presidency of G20, empowers task forces to develop key priorities for the global startup ecosystem. One particular task force, Include, focuses on promoting startups that address the challenges faced by underrepresented groups.

In the context of Femtech and breastfeeding, providing comprehensive support and education for mothers is crucial. Etta Watts Russell, an advocate in this field, emphasises the importance of solutions like Lactamo, which has achieved a 100% clinical validation rate and aims to improve the support available to mothers.

Furthermore, there has been a shift in society’s perception of women’s health and priorities. Industry statistics project a doubling of opportunities in women’s health over the next five years. Technology enables better access to health solutions, particularly for women in remote or rural areas.

In conclusion, the Femtech market is poised for significant growth, driven by digital solutions and innovations addressing various aspects of women’s health. However, challenges related to societal stigmas and limited accessibility need to be addressed to ensure a more inclusive and global impact.

Initiatives like Startup20 and the advocacy of individuals like Etta Watts Russell play a vital role in promoting equality and proactive approaches to women’s health.

Arguments

Urgency to solve numerous challenges despite making progress

Supporting facts:

• Issues persist even after one problem is solved or a progress is made

• The complexity of coordinating conversation among stakeholders

Topics: digital transition, e-commerce, inclusive growth

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Importance of enhancing capacity building in digital technologies

Supporting facts:

• The participant from Senegal mentioned that the enhancement of capacity building for digital technologies is coming late

• There is a need for ECOWAS region to catch up with other regions in terms of digital transition

Topics: capacity building, digital technologies

---

Prioritizing production and productivity within the region for e-commerce growth

Supporting facts:

• Need of regional data centers that can provide services to small and medium enterprise

• The high cost of setting up cloud computing and other digital infrastructures is recognized as a problem

Topics: e-commerce, productivity, regional growth

---

The need for ongoing training and capacity building for permanent representatives to understand their roles in e-commerce

Supporting facts:

• CDAO organizes different kinds of training whenever meetings take place

Topics: E-commerce, Capacity Building

---

There is a need to make more efforts in Africa to support the growth of e-commerce

Supporting facts:

• An e-commerce event took place in Africa in 2022

Topics: E-commerce, Development

---

Concerns over potential conflicts arising from e-commerce.

Topics: E-commerce, Conflict

---

Taxation issue in e-commerce

Topics: E-commerce, Taxation

---

The need for clarity and distinction when changes occur in different countries

Topics: Change management

---

Report

At a conference on e-commerce and digital transition in the ECOWAS region, speakers discussed various key points regarding the progress, challenges, and potential solutions in the field. While acknowledging the progress made, it was noteworthy that numerous challenges still persist in the region.

This emphasised the urgency to find effective solutions to these issues. Among the discussed topics was the need to enhance capacity building for digital technologies in the region. Participants recognised that the ECOWAS region needs to catch up with other regions in terms of digital transition.

It was highlighted that the late enhancement of capacity building for digital technologies in Senegal was a concern. Therefore, participants emphasised the importance of prioritising the enhancement of capacity building in this area. Another crucial point emphasised by speakers was the need to prioritise production and productivity for e-commerce growth within the region.

They recognised the necessity of having regional data centres that can provide services to small and medium enterprises. However, it was acknowledged that the high cost of setting up cloud computing and other digital infrastructures pose a challenge in achieving this goal.

The conference highlighted the significance of involving policymakers in implementing solutions. Participants discussed the need for policy makers to play a more effective role in addressing the challenges faced in the region. The active engagement of policy makers in problem-solving was a topic of discussion, and suggestions were made on how to ensure their involvement.

The formalisation of inter-border trade was another important point raised by the participants. They noted that formalising such trade can enhance operational effectiveness, especially in the context of the ECOWAS strategy. It was noteworthy that this stance was communicated in French, suggesting the diverse representation of participants at the conference.

The importance of ongoing training and capacity building for representatives in e-commerce was also emphasised. Participants mentioned that the CDAO organises various types of training whenever meetings take place. This highlights the need to continuously train and build the capacity of permanent representatives to understand their roles in e-commerce effectively.

Efforts to support the growth of e-commerce in Africa were discussed as a vital area of focus. Participants highlighted the need for more initiatives and support in Africa to ensure the successful growth of e-commerce. The analysis also revealed concerns over potential conflicts arising from e-commerce.

Although no specific details or examples were provided, speakers expressed their concerns about this issue. Taxation in e-commerce was mentioned as an area of discussion, where the sentiment was neutral. However, no specific evidence or supporting facts were provided to expand on this point.

Lastly, the need for clarity and distinction in change management was discussed. Although no specific evidence or supporting facts were provided regarding this topic, it was mentioned that it is important to have clear guidelines and understanding when changes occur in different countries.

In conclusion, the conference on e-commerce and digital transition in the ECOWAS region highlighted the progress made, the challenges that persist, and the potential solutions required to address those challenges. The importance of enhancing capacity building in digital technologies, prioritising production and productivity for e-commerce growth, and involving policymakers in implementing solutions were among the key points discussed.

The formalisation of inter-border trade, ongoing training and capacity building, efforts to support e-commerce growth in Africa, conflicts arising from e-commerce, taxation issues, and the need for clarity and distinction in change management were also mentioned during the conference.

Arguments

Birame Sock is the founder of Qweli, an initiative aimed at helping local producers in Africa connect to global markets.

Supporting facts:

• Qweli started as the concept of B2B marketplace to give access to international market to Made in Africa products.

• Qweli works directly with local producers which are primarily women.

• Qweli helps in packaging, filling and labeling to meet FDA standards.

Topics: Digital entrepreneurship, African Market, FDI Standards, Product Export

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E-commerce exists in Africa in a different form, often through personal networks and mobile technology rather than dedicated websites or apps

Supporting facts:

• E-commerce in African context often involves contacting a seller directly, viewing product pictures sent via WhatsApp, making payment via mobile money, and receiving delivery guided by GPS

Topics: E-commerce, Technology, Mobile Commerce

---

Interactive and iterative processes in entrepreneurship are crucial for the growth of e-commerce startup in the ECOWAS region

Topics: Entrepreneurship, E-commerce, Innovation, ECOWAS

---

Standardization across countries is a significant challenge for e-commerce startups in the ECOWAS region

Supporting facts:

• Everytime African SMEs consider selling in a different African country, they have to deal with different standards which increases their cost

Topics: Standardization, E-commerce, ECOWAS

---

Lack of storage and warehousing facilities are challenges in scaling e-commerce in Africa

Supporting facts:

• Warehousing and Storage facilities would enable local suppliers to buy and store raw material when it’s in season

Topics: E-commerce, Warehousing, Storage, Africa

---

female entrepreneurs are contributing to inclusive economic growth and addressing social challenges every day

Supporting facts:

• most of the entrepreneurs realize the impact of their work on employment, gender inclusion

Topics: female entrepreneurs, inclusive economic growth, social challenges

---

access to finance is one of the biggest challenges for entrepreneurs

Topics: access to finance, entrepreneurship

---

The need for a session with various private sector stakeholders within the ECOWAS region

Supporting facts:

• Private sector stakeholders can provide feedback and give concrete steps on the e-commerce initiative for the ECOWAS region

Topics: e-commerce, Digital Economy, Private Sector

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Report

Birame Sock, the founder of Qweli, has created an innovative initiative aimed at assisting local producers in Africa in connecting to global markets. Qweli, a B2B marketplace, works directly with local producers, particularly women, to provide them with access to international markets.

They also offer support in packaging, labelling, and meeting FDA standards, ensuring that these local products can meet the quality requirements necessary for global trade. Having a conducive business environment is crucial for increasing the availability of localized products within and beyond Africa.

Birame is actively working towards creating such an environment for local suppliers to make their products available on the international stage. In Africa, e-commerce takes on a different form compared to other regions. It often occurs through personal networks and mobile technology rather than dedicated websites or apps.

This unique approach presents both opportunities and challenges for startups in the ECOWAS region, with standardization across countries being a significant challenge for e-commerce businesses. Another obstacle faced by e-commerce startups in Africa is the lack of storage and warehousing facilities.

The absence of sufficient infrastructure hinders the scaling of e-commerce operations in the region. Increased investment in warehousing and storage facilities is needed to enable local suppliers to store raw materials when they are in season. Female entrepreneurs in Africa are making significant contributions to inclusive economic growth and addressing social challenges.

They are aware of the impact their work has on employment and gender inclusion, and they actively work towards creating a more equitable and prosperous society. Including the private sector from the beginning is crucial while discussing initiatives and policies.

The private sector often finds itself reacting to decisions that have already been made, rather than being involved in the decision-making process. Including the private sector from the start ensures that their expertise and insights are fully utilized, leading to more effective and sustainable initiatives.

Access to finance remains a significant challenge for entrepreneurs in Africa. The lack of adequate financial support hampers the growth and development of small businesses. To foster entrepreneurship and economic growth, it is essential to address this issue and provide entrepreneurs with the necessary financial resources to thrive.

Inclusive decision-making is also vital, and the voice of small businesses, particularly those owned by women, should be included in meetings. Their unique perspectives and experiences can provide valuable insights into creating policies and initiatives that cater to the needs and challenges faced by small businesses.

Partnerships and collaboration between diverse stakeholders are crucial for implementing e-commerce strategies in Africa. Engaging with various private sector stakeholders within the ECOWAS region can provide valuable feedback and concrete steps towards ensuring the success of e-commerce initiatives. Birame suggests establishing and strengthening partnerships for better implementation of e-commerce strategies, and involving private sector stakeholders in the implementation phase.

In conclusion, Birame Sock’s Qweli initiative showcases the potential and challenges of e-commerce in Africa. By working directly with local producers, providing support and access to international markets, and advocating for improvements in the business environment, Qweli is driving positive change.

However, challenges such as standardization, lack of storage facilities, and limited access to finance need to be addressed to fully harness the potential of e-commerce in Africa. The inclusion of female entrepreneurs, the private sector, and the voice of small businesses in decision-making processes and partnerships are pivotal towards creating a more inclusive and prosperous future for African economies.

Arguments

Kolawole Sofola expresses gratitude for UNCTAD’s partnership in the development of the ECOWAS e-commerce strategy

Supporting facts:

• UNCTAD has partnered with ECOWAS in the development of the ECOWAS e-commerce strategy

• Shamika from UNCTAD has confirmed their commitment to support the strategy implementation

Topics: UNCTAD, ECOWAS, e-commerce strategy

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Kolawole Sofola appreciates all the e-trade initiatives taken by UNCTAD in the region and emphasizes on the implementation of the ECOWAS’ e-commerce strategy

Supporting facts:

• Nine e-trade readiness assessments have been taken in the region

• Two regional assessments and strategies have been conducted by UNCTAD

• Shamika stressed the importance of implementation in her speech

Topics: UNCTAD, e-trade readiness assessments, ECOWAS, e-commerce strategy

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Emphasizing on the importance of collaboration and digitalization in ECOWAS Vision 2050

Supporting facts:

• Digitalization is underlined as a core part of ECOWAS Vision 2050

• ECOWAS e-commerce strategy was formally endorsed by the Council of Ministers of ECOWAS

Topics: ECOWAS Vision 2050, Digitalization, Collaboration

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ECOWAS’s e-commerce strategy is built along four pillars which include institution, trust, market intelligence, and inclusion

Supporting facts:

• Strategic Objective 1 is about institutional strengthening

• Objective 2 seeks to secure trust along the e-commerce supply chain

• Objective 3 aims to improve access to e-commerce market information

• Objective 4 aims to foster inclusion for e-commerce development for women, youth, persons with disabilities, rural populations, and informal cross-border traders

Topics: ECOWAS’s e-commerce strategy, Pillars of Strategy: Institution, Trust, Market Intelligence, Inclusion

---

Access to the Internet is critical infrastructure and not a luxury

Supporting facts:

• Living in a digital technological revolution

• Necessity of the Internet for access to larger digital economy, powerful technologies like AI for health, agriculture and education

Topics: E-commerce, Digital Economy, ICT, AI

---

Governments need to provide a minimum threshold of infrastructure and the rest will follow

Supporting facts:

• Discussion regarding the necessity of ICT infrastructure is over

• Internet connectivity is not an optional infrastructure

Topics: ICT Infrastructure, Government Policies

---

Importance of a holistic approach in e-commerce beyond legal and regulatory frameworks

Supporting facts:

• Importance of trade facilitation and digital skills within the e-commerce sector

• E-Trade for All initiative advocates for a comprehensive approach to e-commerce

Topics: e-commerce, economic development, regulatory harmonization, data privacy, cybersecurity, intellectual property

---

Significance of entrepreneurship and inclusive economic growth

Topics: e-commerce, entrepreneurship, inclusive economic growth, social challenges

---

Private sector should be involved more in policy formulation

Supporting facts:

• The private sector says its current involvement is not sufficient

• Smaller organizations and businesses should also be included

Topics: Policy Formulation, Private Sector Involvement

---

High rate of credit from financial institutions is a challenge to scaling up

Supporting facts:

• The high credit rate from financial institutions and the need for quick repayment make products uncompetitive

• The entire supply chain is added to business costs

Topics: Access to Finance, Credit Rates, Business Scalability

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Report

UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) has partnered with ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) in the development of the ECOWAS e-commerce strategy, demonstrating their commitment to promoting e-commerce growth in the region. Kolawole Sofola expresses gratitude for UNCTAD’s collaboration in the strategy development, acknowledging the importance of this partnership.

Additionally, Shamika from UNCTAD confirms their dedication to supporting the implementation of the ECOWAS e-commerce strategy, further cementing the commitment of both organizations. The collaboration between UNCTAD and ECOWAS goes beyond the ECOWAS region, as there is ongoing development work in the Pacific region associated with UNCTAD.

Shamika mentions this development work during her speech, indicating the expansion and impact of UNCTAD’s initiatives. In the ECOWAS region, UNCTAD has conducted nine e-trade readiness assessments, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the region’s readiness for e-commerce. Furthermore, UNCTAD has formulated two regional assessments and strategies, underlining their proactive approach to promoting e-commerce in the region.

Shamika emphasizes the importance of implementation in her speech, highlighting the commitment to translating strategies and assessments into action. The ECOWAS e-commerce strategy is built on four pillars: institution, trust, market intelligence, and inclusion. These pillars ensure a comprehensive approach to fostering sustainable and inclusive e-commerce growth in the region.

Digitalization plays a crucial role in ECOWAS Vision 2050, with support for collaboration and digitalization being formally endorsed by the Council of Ministers of ECOWAS. This reflects the region’s commitment to harnessing the potential of digital transformation to achieve long-term goals.

The strategy’s formulation aims to capitalize on the potential for e-commerce and digital transformation in the ECOWAS region. The regional e-commerce readiness assessment, which is reflected in the strategy, serves as a foundation for identifying areas of improvement and implementing necessary recommendations.

Progress is already being made, with countries like Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire starting to implement recommendations and measures from ECOWAS’s e-commerce strategy. Access to the internet is recognized as critical infrastructure rather than a luxury. Living in a digital technological revolution, individuals need internet access to fully participate in the digital economy and leverage powerful technologies like AI in sectors such as health, agriculture, and education.

Governments play a crucial role in providing the necessary ICT infrastructure. The importance of ICT infrastructure is emphasized, highlighting that internet connectivity is not optional. Governments need to ensure that there is adequate infrastructure in place to support digital transformation and promote inclusive economic growth.

A holistic approach to e-commerce beyond legal and regulatory frameworks is essential. The e-Trade for All initiative advocates for comprehensive e-commerce development, including trade facilitation and digital skills development within the sector. When developing policies, a user-centric approach is crucial.

This means considering the needs and perspectives of the private sector, as they are key users of e-commerce. Involving the private sector in policy formulation allows for policies that better meet their requirements. Entrepreneurship and inclusive economic growth are significant factors in driving economic development.

Support mechanisms for scaling up innovative sustainability are also important, ensuring strategies and initiatives that promote sustainable entrepreneurship. The private sector’s involvement in policy formulation is vital, and smaller organizations and businesses should also be included to ensure a comprehensive approach that represents the diverse needs and interests of all stakeholders.

Some challenges exist, such as the high credit rates from financial institutions that hinder business scalability. Governments should enable the private sector to do what it does best, recognizing the importance of private sector efficiency and innovation. In conclusion, the collaboration between UNCTAD and ECOWAS in developing the ECOWAS e-commerce strategy highlights their commitment to fostering e-commerce growth in the region.

The strategy’s pillars, emphasis on digitalization, and focus on collaboration reflect the region’s ambitious goals. Additionally, the importance of internet access, ICT infrastructure, a holistic approach to e-commerce development, the role of the private sector, and support mechanisms are all crucial considerations for sustainable and inclusive economic growth in the region.

Arguments

Significant obstacles stand in the way of widespread internet use in the ECOWAS region

Supporting facts:

• 70% of all revenues now need to allocate to the spread of Internet

• Internet is costly and not widespread in the ECOWAS region

Topics: Digitalization, Internet Access, E-development

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ECOWAS is prioritizing the development and proliferation of digital commerce

Supporting facts:

• ECOWAS has set digitalization as a priority

• ECOWAS is collaborating with the African Union to make Africa prosperous

Topics: E-commerce, Digital Economy

---

A comprehensive strategy for e-commerce has been developed in collaboration with UNCTAD

Supporting facts:

• The strategy identifies economic opportunities and proposes measures to alleviate identified constraints

• The strategy draws on four objectives, namely bolstering institutions, instilling confidence in e-transactions, improving statistics and promoting inclusion

Topics: E-commerce strategy, UNCTAD, Partnerships

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Report

In the ECOWAS region, there are significant obstacles that prevent widespread internet use. One of the major challenges is the high costs associated with internet access. Currently, 70% of all revenues need to be allocated to the spread of the internet.

This means that the resources required to make the internet more accessible and affordable are substantial. Additionally, the internet is not yet widespread in the ECOWAS region, further hindering its use. Despite these challenges, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is actively prioritizing the development and proliferation of digital commerce.

They have set digitalisation as a priority and are collaborating with the African Union to make Africa prosperous in this area. This shows a positive stance towards embracing the potential benefits of digital commerce in the region. To further support their objectives, ECOWAS has developed a comprehensive strategy for e-commerce in collaboration with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

The strategy aims to identify economic opportunities and propose measures to alleviate the identified constraints in e-commerce. It focuses on bolstering institutions, instilling confidence in e-transactions, improving statistics, and promoting inclusion. This demonstrates a positive commitment to addressing the challenges and creating an enabling environment for e-commerce in the region.

Furthermore, ECOWAS strongly believes in the potential of partnerships to overcome regional e-commerce challenges. They are committed to working with partners, including UNCTAD and the World Bank. This highlights their recognition of the value of collaboration and cooperation in achieving their goals.

In conclusion, while significant obstacles hinder widespread internet use in the ECOWAS region, ECOWAS is actively working towards the development and proliferation of digital commerce. They have set digitalisation as a priority, collaborated with the African Union and UNCTAD in developing a comprehensive e-commerce strategy, and emphasise the importance of partnerships to overcome challenges.

It is encouraging to see such dedication and commitment towards promoting inclusive and sustainable digital development in the region.

Arguments

E-commerce is critical for reinvigorating our economies and addressing trade challenges

Supporting facts:

• With e-commerce, efficiencies of the environment can be maintained as it can reduce carbon risks

• E-commerce allows creations and content of youth and women to be shared, distributed and generate wealth

Topics: E-commerce, Economy, Trade

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Digital and data infrastructure including skills are required for e-commerce

Supporting facts:

• Goods and services can efficiently reach a broader market though connectivity

• Security and trust are needed for e-commerce

Topics: Digital Infrastructure, Data Infrastructure, Skills, E-commerce

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Policy space needs to be coherent and agile to address challenges of cross-border trade.

Supporting facts:

• E-commerce offers the opportunity to bypass some of the logistic and mobility challenges traditional trade experiences.

• Delays at border crossings affect value and quality of products.

Topics: Policy Harmonization, E-commerce, Cross-border Trade

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Supply chain logistics need to be rethought for a more efficient, digital, and electronic outlook.

Supporting facts:

• Current trade facilitation mechanisms may not be helpful in the digital trading realm.

• Requires close negotiations for harmonization.

Topics: Supply Chain, E-commerce

---

Access to affordable green technologies is critical for e-commerce to take root.

Topics: Green Technology, E-commerce

---

Legislative frameworks and tax regimes need to be revisited to encourage digital innovation.

Supporting facts:

• Current non-digital tax regimes might not be suitable in the digital realm.

Topics: Legislation, Tax, E-commerce

---

A focus on skills and competencies is essential for creating wealth from e-commerce.

Topics: Skills, Competencies, E-commerce

---

Payment mechanisms should be homegrown, adaptable, and facilitate cross-border transactions.

Supporting facts:

• Payment systems should facilitate needs of actors and agents in the region.

• Existence of homegrown initiatives in region for Africa-based payment mechanisms.

Topics: Payment Systems, Cross-border Trade

---

Cannot ignore data governance in discussing cross-border e-commerce.

Supporting facts:

• Entails issues of data ownership, privacy, and intellectual property.

Topics: Data Governance, E-commerce

---

Muhammadou Kah expresses strong optimism for the future of e-commerce in the ECOWAS region, insisting its acceleration is inevitable but certain prerequisites need to be met to harness the expected value

Supporting facts:

• Digital connectivity must be affordable, accessible, safe, ubiquitous and broadband in nature to ensure effective transactions.

• The role of the private sector, especially startups, is crucial albeit challenged by their inability to access sustainable capital.

• A government’s role is to provide a conducive policy environment that encourages growth rather than stiflement.

• A thriving digital trade is also reliant on the accessibility of affordable and green technology, coherent laws, and associated forms of infrastructure.

Topics: e-commerce, digital trade, connectivity, private sector, governmental role

---

Digital and technology are allergic to too much talk, it needs action

Supporting facts:

• Digital changes are being made quickly and mistakes are fixed as soon as they’re made

Topics: digital trade, technology

---

The private sector and youth are driving forces in this digital change

Supporting facts:

• Importance of creating investments and creating capital for start-up cultures and hubs

Topics: digital trade, youth, private sector

---

The importance of intellectual property in the digital trade

Supporting facts:

• Intellectual property for the regions is not only copyright and trademarks, it goes beyond that. It’s important to protect creators and make sure they’re marketable

Topics: intellectual property, digital trade

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The existence of data centers in Africa could provide opportunities in the e-commerce ecosystem

Supporting facts:

• Shifting geopolitics and trade, the realities of climate change offer opportunities for greener data centers. Some countries like Senegal are already creating data center infrastructure

Topics: data centers, e-commerce

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Report

E-commerce is seen as critical for reinvigorating economies and addressing trade challenges. It offers various advantages, such as reducing carbon risks and allowing for the sharing and distribution of creations and content, which can generate wealth. The efficient reach of goods and services to a broader market is facilitated through digital connectivity.

However, for e-commerce to thrive, there is a need for strong digital and data infrastructure, as well as the necessary skills and competencies. Trade heavily relies on digital connectivity, and therefore, effective harnessing of e-commerce depends on the availability and reliability of connectivity across countries.

Policy space also plays a crucial role in ensuring the success of cross-border trade. It needs to be coherent and agile to address the challenges that arise in the realm of e-commerce. The logistics of supply chains need to be rethought to adapt to the digital and electronic nature of e-commerce.

Current trade facilitation mechanisms may not be sufficient for the digital trading realm, and therefore, close negotiations for harmonization are required. Access to affordable green technologies is critical for e-commerce to take root. The use of such technologies can contribute to the achievement of environmental goals outlined in the SDGs.

Additionally, legislative frameworks and tax regimes need to be revisited to encourage digital innovation and ensure compatibility with the digital realm. Engagement in WTO negotiations and discussions on e-commerce is crucial for countries to avoid being subjected to unfavorable terms.

Without being part of the discussions, countries may miss out on important opportunities and benefits that arise from e-commerce. In order to create wealth from e-commerce, a focus on skills and competencies is essential. This highlights the importance of quality education and training programs to equip individuals with the necessary digital skills and capabilities.

The payment systems used in e-commerce should be adaptable and facilitate cross-border transactions. The existence of affordable and efficient homegrown payment mechanisms is essential, as they cater to the needs of actors and agents in the region. Data governance cannot be ignored when discussing cross-border e-commerce.

Issues related to data ownership, privacy, and intellectual property need to be addressed to ensure trust and security in cross-border transactions. The private sector, particularly startups, plays a crucial role in driving the digital change and innovation. However, their success is hindered by challenges in accessing sustainable capital.

Governments need to provide a conducive, smart, and agile regulatory framework that encourages growth and investment in infrastructure, while leaving the businesses to the private sector. Digital and technology developments require action rather than excessive talk and deliberation. Rapid changes are made, and any mistakes are fixed promptly to ensure progress.

The youth and the private sector are driving forces in the digital change and e-commerce landscape. Creating investments and capital for startups are important to foster entrepreneurial cultures and hubs. Intellectual property protection is crucial in the digital trade realm.

It goes beyond copyright and trademarks; it aims to protect creators and ensure their marketability. The existence of data centers in Africa presents opportunities in the e-commerce ecosystem. Shifting geopolitics and the realities of climate change offer possibilities for greener data centers, with countries like Senegal already investing in data center infrastructure.

Capacity building is needed for effective digital trade and e-commerce. This requires a focus on education, particularly in STEM fields, and the development of high-order digital skills and capabilities. It is crucial to view STEM education as more than just a footnote in the education continuum.

In conclusion, e-commerce is considered critical for reinvigorating economies and addressing trade challenges. To fully harness its potential, strong digital and data infrastructure, as well as the necessary skills and competencies, are necessary. Policies, including those related to connectivity, supply chain logistics, green technologies, legislative frameworks, tax regimes, data governance, and payment systems, need to be revisited and adapted to suit the digital realm.

Governments should provide a conducive regulatory framework while leaving businesses to the private sector, which plays a significant role in driving digital change. Additionally, capacity building in digital skills and education is essential for the success of digital trade and e-commerce.

Arguments

ECOWAS has set a precedent in formulating the first regional e-commerce strategy in West Africa, aligning the strategy with the African Union’s e-commerce strategy before the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreements Protocol on digital trade.

Supporting facts:

• The initiative was taken at the ministerial level to have an ECOWAS strategy

• This marks the culmination of trust and partnership between UNCTAD and the ECOWAS region over the past decade

Topics: ECOWAS, African Union, e-commerce strategy, digital trade

---

The ECOWAS strategy is a testament to the fruitful partnership between UNCTAD and the ECOWAS region.

Supporting facts:

• UNCTAD has undertaken nine E-Trade Readiness Assessments and conducted two regional assessments for WAMU countries and ECOWAS member states.

• UNCTAD has also supported two e-commerce strategies in the region.

Topics: UNCTAD, ECOWAS, Partnership

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Africa has huge potential for e-commerce and digital economy growth due to its young, fast growing population

Supporting facts:

• Africa has the world’s youngest and fastest growing population.

Topics: Africa, e-commerce, Digital Economy, Population

---

Implementing digital reforms is a difficult journey because other high-priority tasks like vaccinating people, getting kids in school, and increasing agricultural production must be handled simultaneously.

Topics: Digital reforms, Education, Agriculture, Health

---

Affordable access to internet is necessary, not a luxury

Supporting facts:

• We are living through a digital technological revolution

• We will not have access to this revolution if we don’t have the basic connection to internet

Topics: Internet Access, Digital Infrastructure, Digital Economy

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Digital infrastructure is a critical requirement, not to be considered post traditional infrastructure

Supporting facts:

• Access to internet is not just for e-commerce, but also for larger digital economy

• AI for health, agriculture, and educational purposes require internet access

Topics: Digital Infrastructure, Government’s role

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The opportunity to harness the power of digital technologies should not be missed

Supporting facts:

• These technologies are fundamentally monopolistic

• Their windows will open for a short time only

• ECOWAS has an e-commerce strategy in place.

Topics: Digital Technologies, Monopolistic Nature, e-commerce strategy

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Africa must not miss out on the digital technological revolution.

Supporting facts:

• Africa missed out on the Green Revolution in the 1960s

• South Asia embraced the Green Revolution and is no longer in famine.

Topics: Digital Revolution, Green Revolution

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Report

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has achieved a significant milestone by formulating the first regional e-commerce strategy in West Africa. This strategy aligns with the African Union’s e-commerce strategy, showcasing the strong partnership between ECOWAS and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) over the past decade.

This partnership has led to the development of not only the ECOWAS e-commerce strategy but also support for two e-commerce strategies in the ECOWAS region. Africa, with its young and rapidly growing population, holds immense potential for e-commerce and digital economy growth.

The continent boasts the world’s youngest and fastest-growing population, making it a prime market for e-commerce opportunities. However, the implementation of digital reforms presents challenges as they must be coordinated with high-priority tasks such as vaccinations, education, and agricultural production.

To fully leverage the potential of e-commerce and digital economy growth, affordable internet access is essential. Access to internet connectivity is now considered a basic necessity rather than a luxury in today’s digital technological revolution. It enables not only access to e-commerce but also to the broader digital economy, including applications such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare, agriculture, and education.

The development of digital infrastructure is equally important. Digital infrastructure, including internet access and connectivity, must be prioritised alongside traditional infrastructure in order to fully participate in the digital revolution. While some argue that sophisticated internet technologies are unnecessary in developing countries, practical examples demonstrate that digital platforms can operate successfully even in the least developed countries, despite challenges posed by unreliable electricity supply.

Building relevant skills and adapting to available technologies can drive progress in the digital realm. UNCTAD, as part of its program, has made strides in building skills in least developed countries (LDCs), enabling individuals to acquire essential coding skills necessary for participation in the digital economy.

Despite the monopolistic nature of digital technologies, ECOWAS has established an e-commerce strategy, recognising the short windows of opportunity to harness their power. This strategy acknowledges the significance of a coherent regional approach to attract development partners and retain private sector involvement in order to facilitate successful implementation.

In conclusion, ECOWAS’s formulation of a regional e-commerce strategy in West Africa, aligned with the African Union’s strategies, reflects a deep partnership between the organisation and UNCTAD. With its young and fast-growing population, Africa holds immense potential for e-commerce and digital economy growth.

However, implementing digital reforms alongside other pressing tasks poses challenges, and affordable internet access and digital infrastructure development are critical requirements. It is crucial not to miss the opportunity to leverage the power of digital technologies, adopting a coherent regional strategy to attract development partners and retain private sector involvement.

Africa must seize this opportunity, ensuring it does not miss out on the digital technological revolution, just as it did with the Green Revolution in the past.

Arguments

Multiple challenges hinder e-commerce in West Africa

Supporting facts:

• Stable energy grids are lacking, creating access deficits

• Reliable internet and mobile connectivity are limited, leading to digital divides

• Challenges in access and use of reliable internet and mobile connectivity

• Lack of standardization in cross-border payment systems

• Need to equip citizens with necessary digital capabilities

• Cybersecurity threats pose a significant challenge

Topics: E-commerce, Digital infrastructure, Cross-border payment systems

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A collaborative approach to regulatory harmonization is vital for fostering a conducive environment for digital trade.

Topics: regulatory harmonization, digital trade

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Robust legal frameworks for data privacy, cybersecurity, and intellectual property are important.

Topics: legal frameworks, data privacy, cybersecurity, intellectual property

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Instead of focusing only on the regulatory and legal aspects, we must look at the whole ecosystem.

Topics: regulatory, legal aspects, ecosystem

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Shamira Ahmed emphasizes on the need for a vibrant e-commerce ecosystem in the ECOWAS region

Supporting facts:

• Stresses on the importance of political will, adaptability, and a shared vision

• Talks about the need to address structural inequalities

• Argues on leveraging digital and data-driven technologies

Topics: e-commerce, ECOWAS, Digital Economy

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Report

In West Africa, e-commerce growth is hindered by several challenges. Access to stable energy grids is lacking, resulting in access deficits. Reliable internet and mobile connectivity are also limited, leading to digital divides in the region. Moreover, there are obstacles related to the access and use of these technologies.

The lack of standardisation in cross-border payment systems further impedes e-commerce development. Additionally, there is a need to equip citizens with the necessary digital capabilities, and the region faces significant cybersecurity threats. To address these challenges, a comprehensive approach is advocated.

This approach includes fostering regional integration, enhancing economic diversification, promoting job creation, and ensuring inclusivity. The ECOWAS Vision 2050 and ongoing digital reforms aim to tackle these issues. The strategy outlined by ECOWAS includes strengthening institutions, securing trust in e-commerce supply chains, and providing e-commerce intelligence.

It also emphasises the importance of including marginalised groups such as women, youth, people with disabilities, informal cross-border traders, and rural communities. This inclusive approach recognises the importance of creating equal opportunities for all in the digital economy. Collaborative efforts in regulatory harmonisation are vital for creating a conducive environment for digital trade.

By aligning regulations across borders, barriers to cross-border e-commerce can be reduced. Furthermore, robust legal frameworks for data privacy, cybersecurity, and intellectual property are crucial for safeguarding e-commerce transactions and protecting digital assets. While regulations and legal aspects are important, it is essential to consider the entire ecosystem within which e-commerce operates.

This broader perspective takes into account not only the regulatory and legal aspects but also the various stakeholders, networks, and infrastructure that contribute to a thriving e-commerce ecosystem. A governance approach, rather than solely relying on a regulatory framework, is advocated for e-commerce.

This approach provides the necessary flexibility and adaptability to keep pace with rapid technological changes. It ensures that regulatory frameworks remain collaborative and effective across borders. By adopting a governance approach, the evolving nature of e-commerce can be better accommodated, enabling innovation and growth in the digital economy.

Shamira Ahmed emphasises the need for a vibrant e-commerce ecosystem in the ECOWAS region. This includes political will, adaptability, and a shared vision to drive the development and adoption of e-commerce. Structural inequalities need to be addressed, and digital and data-driven technologies should be leveraged to foster economic growth and job creation.

Furthermore, it is crucial to be cautious and ensure that no one is left behind in shaping the region’s digital future. Consideration should be given to existing endowments and capabilities, as well as institutional variations and financial mechanisms. By promoting inclusivity and reducing inequalities, the benefits of e-commerce can be more widely distributed throughout society.

In conclusion, e-commerce in West Africa faces multiple challenges, but these can be overcome through a comprehensive approach that includes regional integration, economic diversification, job creation, and inclusivity. This approach should be supported by regulatory harmonisation, robust legal frameworks, and a governance approach to adapt to the evolving nature of e-commerce.

By addressing these challenges and leveraging digital technologies, the ECOWAS region can create a vibrant e-commerce ecosystem that fosters economic growth, job opportunities, and inclusivity for all its citizens.

Arguments

Data centers are mostly located in tax havens, not necessarily in energy efficient locations

Supporting facts:

• In Latin America, most data centers are in Brazil and Panama

• A study shows an 80% relationship between the location of data centers and tax havens

Topics: Data Centers, Tax Havens, Energy Efficiency

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The need to consider environmental impact in free trade agreements

Supporting facts:

• The current free trade agreements do not seem to address environmental concerns

Topics: Free trade agreements, Environment

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There is enough data already available pointing towards serious environmental problems

Supporting facts:

• Indicators like CO2 levels, global average temperature, retreat of the glaciers, spread of the desert areas all show the dire state of the planet

Topics: Environmental Crisis, Climate Change

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Major changes only occur in response to global crises

Supporting facts:

• Cut backs in air travel only considered at the time of a global pandemic and energy price shock

Topics: Global Crisis, Climate Action

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Global warming is accelerating at an alarming rate and actions must be taken immediately to mitigate this

Supporting facts:

• Global warming has gone twice as fast since 1981, and it is getting faster

Topics: Climate Change, Global Warming, Sustainable Solutions

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Discussion on the need for legislation of the total cost of the digital ecosystem

Supporting facts:

• Mentioned about the upcoming ministerial conference in February

• Audience works for the Advisory Centre on WTO Law

Topics: Legislation, Digital Ecosystem, Free Trade Agreements

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France applauded for sustainable data value chains, but historical context of France’s energy path and uranium extractivism in Africa questioned

Supporting facts:

• France’s major source of energy is nuclear, with significant extraction in Africa, notably Niger

• France’s data sustainability approach linked with its nuclear energy practices

Topics: Sustainable data value chains, France’s energy path, Extractivism in Africa, Uranium mining

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Report

The discussions centred around various topics concerning the digital economy and the environment. One argument highlighted that data centres are mostly located in tax havens, rather than in energy-efficient locations. These tax havens attract data centres due to their economic benefits, but this raises concerns about the environmental impact and energy consumption of these centres.

The presence of data centres in tax havens emphasises the need to consider energy efficiency when deciding on their locations. Another argument emphasised the need to incorporate environmental considerations into free trade agreements. The current agreements do not adequately address environmental concerns, disregarding the potential negative effects of trade activities on the environment.

This underlines the importance of ensuring that trade agreements account for environmental impacts and promote sustainable practices. The dire state of the planet was highlighted by pointing out various indicators, including CO2 levels, global average temperature rise, glacier retreat, and the expansion of desert areas.

These indicators provide compelling evidence of serious environmental problems, highlighting the urgent need for action to address climate change and mitigate its impact. However, a speaker challenged the notion that more data is necessary to understand the state of the environment.

Instead, they argued for the importance of wisdom and action based on existing data. This perspective suggests that while data is valuable, it should not hinder necessary measures to protect the environment. It was noted that significant changes often occur in response to global crises, such as the recent cutbacks in air travel prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic and energy price shocks.

This observation underscores the reactive nature of society and the need for substantial global events to drive major behavioural shifts. In a positive light, one speaker advocated for a shift towards traditional values and a slower pace of living. They shared their personal experience of choosing train travel over flying, promoting the idea that contentment should take precedence over mere productivity.

This perspective aligns with the sustainable consumption and production goals of the United Nations. The acceleration of global warming was a cause for concern, with evidence indicating that it is happening at an alarming rate. Global warming has doubled in speed since 1981, highlighting the need for immediate action to combat climate change and prevent further harm to the planet.

The discussions also touched on the need for legislation in the digital ecosystem. The upcoming ministerial conference in February was highlighted as a platform for further discussions and decision-making. The question of whether legislation should be implemented at the national or international level was raised, calling for clarity on the jurisdiction responsible for regulating the digital ecosystem.

France was commended for its sustainable data value chains; however, concerns were raised regarding the historical context of France’s energy practices. The reliance on nuclear energy, with significant uranium extraction in Africa, notably Niger, raised questions about the overall sustainability of France’s data practices.

This highlights the importance of considering the broader environmental impacts associated with data value chains. Lastly, there was advocacy for a greener future in the digital economy, where data flows ensure that countries receive economic value from their data. This perspective emphasises the need for a fair distribution of economic benefits and calls for policies that enable countries to fully utilise the economic potential of their data.

Overall, the discussions emphasised the need to address environmental concerns in the digital economy and the importance of sustainable practices in trade agreements and data management. The urgency of taking action on climate change and the significance of making informed decisions based on existing data were also prominent themes.

These insights provide valuable considerations for policymakers, businesses, and individuals as they navigate the intersection of the digital economy and environmental sustainability.

Arguments

Africa’s sustainability efforts are still at a basic stage

Supporting facts:

• There are basic handling of issues like waste management, recycling, and fossil emission in Africa

Topics: sustainability, waste management, fossil emission

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There are boundless opportunities in Africa’s logistics sector

Supporting facts:

• They’ve found solutions like trip aggregation and route optimization technology

Topics: logistics sector, opportunities

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Gender discrimination is prevalent in the logistics sector

Supporting facts:

• 99.1% of truck.ng’s drivers are males

• Many decisions and activities exclude women

Topics: gender discrimination, logistics sector

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Governmental investment in creating environmental awareness and infrastructure is necessary

Supporting facts:

• It’s difficult for businesses to embrace environmental practices without proper infrastructure.

• Public-private partnership is important.

• Awareness and understanding is crucial for effective implementation of practices.

Topics: Environmental awareness, Investment, Government initiatives, Infrastructure

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Digital literacy for businesses in understanding environmental practices is essential.

Supporting facts:

• Businesses must understand the impact of their actions on the environment.

• Awareness and understanding is necessary for decision-making

Topics: Digital literacy, Awareness, Business practices, Sustainability

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Enforcement of environmental sustainability laws and rewarding businesses for sustainable practices can make a difference.

Supporting facts:

• Practices and rules supporting environmental sustainability are not enforced adequately.

• Rewarding businesses practicing sustainability can encourage more participation.

Topics: Enforcement, Sustainability laws, Rewarding sustainability, Business practices

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The need for mental reorientation on local, global, and continental level, especially about climate change and carbon emissions

Supporting facts:

• Businesses and individuals cannot fight what they don’t know

Topics: Climate Change, Carbon Emissions

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Report

The discussions revealed several noteworthy points regarding sustainability and the logistics sector in Africa. It was noted that Africa’s sustainability efforts are still at a basic stage, with a primary focus on waste management, recycling, and reducing fossil emissions. This suggests that there is room for improvement in implementing more comprehensive and sustainable practices.

On a positive note, the logistics sector in Africa presents boundless opportunities. Solutions such as trip aggregation and route optimization technology have been found to enhance efficiency in the sector. This indicates that there is potential for growth and innovation within the industry.

However, it was brought to attention that the logistics sector in Africa is plagued by gender discrimination. Many decisions and activities exclude women, and an overwhelming 99.1% of the drivers on the truck.ng platform, for example, are male. This highlights the need for increased gender inclusivity and equal opportunities within the logistics sector.

Another important point emphasized during the discussions is the need for sustainability solutions to be developed with a global perspective. It was noted that the challenges faced across different continents and worlds are different, and therefore, sustainable practices must take into account these variations.

Furthermore, it was argued that governmental investment in creating environmental awareness and infrastructure is crucial. Businesses find it difficult to embrace environmental practices without proper support and infrastructure. Public-private partnerships were also highlighted as essential for the effective implementation of sustainable practices.

Digital literacy among businesses was identified as essential for understanding environmental practices. It was emphasized that businesses must comprehend the impact of their actions on the environment and possess awareness and understanding to make informed decisions. Enforcement of sustainability laws and rewarding businesses for sustainable practices were seen as important measures.

It was noted that practices and rules supporting environmental sustainability are not adequately enforced, and offering incentives for sustainable practices can encourage wider participation. Adequate awareness of climate change and carbon emissions was stressed as necessary. Both individuals and businesses need to be properly informed about these issues to take appropriate actions.

It was acknowledged that businesses and individuals cannot combat what they do not know. In conclusion, the discussions highlighted the need for Africa to further develop its sustainability efforts, address gender discrimination in the logistics sector, adopt a global perspective in sustainable practices, invest in environmental awareness and infrastructure, promote digital literacy for businesses, enforce sustainability laws, and raise awareness of climate change and carbon emissions.

These insights can serve as valuable guidance for policymakers, businesses, and individuals who aim to contribute to a more sustainable future in Africa.

Arguments

Digital tools have a significant environmental impact

Supporting facts:

• Digital is physical and intensely so

• Cloud servers each caused between one and two tonne of CO2 to manufacture, between five and 10 tonne of toxic mining waste, and hundreds of thousands of litres of water

Topics: Digital technology, Environment

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E-waste is the fastest growing waste stream in the world

Supporting facts:

• By 2050, we’ll be able to build a Mount Everest every year of mining waste

Topics: E-waste, Digital technology

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Need to legislate what big tech is doing from a true and total cost point of view

Supporting facts:

• Data centers have been parading around how energy efficient they are by using massive quantities of water to cool their servers

• Data centers churn out massive amounts of e-waste due to constant replacement of servers

Topics: Big tech, Data centers, Energy efficiency, e-waste

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Need for a data tax

Supporting facts:

• The vast majority of data we produce today is not valuable and is in fact polluting the good data, causing inefficiency

• Big data is what you do when it’s cheaper to store the data than to think about what to do with the data

Topics: Data tax, Big data

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Environmental goals need to be incorporated into international standards and cooperation.

Supporting facts:

• Ecosystems are international.

• The 70 minerals in a smartphone come from all over the world.

Topics: free trade agreements, digital ecosystems, legislation

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Need to rein in big tech monopolies

Supporting facts:

• 20 big tech monopolies rule the world.

Topics: Big tech, Regulations, Monopolies

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Report

The analysis identifies multiple key points regarding the environmental impact of digital tools and technology. Firstly, it highlights the significant negative environmental impact of digital tools. The manufacturing process of devices like smartphones and laptops contributes to CO2 emissions and generates toxic waste and excessive water usage.

The manufacturing of cloud servers, essential for data storage and online services, also adds to the environmental burden. Each cloud server is estimated to release between one and two metric tonnes of CO2 emissions, generate between five and ten metric tonnes of toxic mining waste, and consume hundreds of thousands of litres of water.

Another concerning aspect is the alarming growth of electronic waste or e-waste. E-waste is the fastest-growing waste stream globally. By 2050, it is projected that the amount of mining waste generated would be equivalent to the size of Mount Everest each year.

This emphasizes the urgent need for proper e-waste management and sustainable practices. The role of digital platforms like Amazon, Apple, Google, and Facebook in promoting overconsumption is also highlighted. These platforms contribute to rampant consumerism and excessive consumption patterns, depleting resources and exacerbating the environmental impact of manufacturing and disposal processes.

The analysis raises concerns about the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in contributing to environmental issues. While AI has the potential to aid in environmental preservation, the current focus of AI systems on advertising purposes rather than environmental considerations is problematic.

There is also a risk of creating larger amounts of unnecessary data through AI, further adding to the environmental burden. On a positive note, the analysis emphasizes the importance of wisdom and behavioral changes as solutions to the climate crisis.

This includes adopting sustainable practices such as increasing walking and cycling and reducing overall consumption. The excessive accumulation of data is also identified, with 90% of stored data remaining unused after three months. This highlights the need for purposeful and efficient use of data, rather than its indiscriminate accumulation.

Furthermore, the analysis underscores the importance of holding big tech companies accountable and implementing regulations. Self-regulation by big tech monopolies is deemed unsatisfactory, considering their negative environmental impact. It is necessary to rein in their activities to ensure more sustainable practices.

A data tax is also suggested as a means to incentivize responsible and efficient data use. Much of the data produced currently is of little value and contributes to inefficiency. A data tax could promote more responsible data practices. Moreover, the analysis emphasizes the need for international standards and cooperation.

Incorporating environmental goals into trade agreements and digital ecosystems is crucial for ensuring responsible consumption and production patterns. Given the global nature of digital ecosystems, collective efforts are necessary to address environmental challenges effectively. The analysis also highlights the outsourcing of environmental damage to poorer countries.

The manufacturing of digital products often leads to mining waste and damage to societies, particularly indigenous communities. Additionally, poorer countries bear the brunt of e-waste dumping, exacerbating environmental and social issues. Lastly, the analysis reveals the unequal distribution of responsibility for climate damage.

The top 10% of the world’s population is responsible for 60% of climate damage, while 50% of the poorest people contribute to only 10% of the damage. This emphasizes the urgency of holding top contributors accountable and striving for a more equitable distribution of environmental responsibility.

In conclusion, the analysis presents a comprehensive overview of the significant negative environmental impacts of digital tools and technology. It calls for accountability, regulation, and changes in behavior to address these issues. Sustainable consumption and production patterns, international cooperation, and data responsibility are crucial in navigating the environmental challenges of the digital era.

Arguments

Need for a global environmental data strategy

Supporting facts:

• There’s a lot of fragmented and unfit data

• Data needs to be reliable and fit for certain applications

• The importance of interoperability for decision-making based on data

• Issues around fair distribution and benefit extraction from data

Topics: Data Quality, Data Interoperability, Fair Data Distribution, Data Usage

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Data should be layered and combined

Supporting facts:

• Interoperability allows for data to be layered and combined for more comprehensive analysis

• It is imperative for quality decision-making

Topics: Data Interoperability, Data Usage

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Countries and stakeholders are looking for sophisticated analyses and decision support when it comes to digital environmental issues

Supporting facts:

• Countries like to see data visualized on maps and other platforms

• There is a need for flexibility to accommodate varying needs of policymakers

Topics: Digital strategy, Environmental data

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Generative AI and emerging technologies have the potential to provide dynamic and custom analysis

Supporting facts:

• Non-technical staff can express their needs using a natural language interface

• Capability to generate text, videos, images and geo-spatial information

Topics: Generative AI, Emerging technologies

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A global environmental data strategy and a technology layer for interpreting natural language into queries are still needed

Supporting facts:

• Ensuring the quality and interoperability of data is crucial

• The technology should be user-friendly

Topics: Global environmental data strategy, Natural language interpretation

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Technology is a tool and we need to chart a middle path where we hold the private sector accountable, acknowledging all the damage that their solution can do to the environment.

Supporting facts:

• Private sector needs to minimize their environmental footprint.

• Focus should be on effective use of digital technologies and data.

Topics: Technology, Environment, Corporate Accountability

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The conversation around the footprint of digital technologies and their damage to the environment is a less mature and less present topic at COP.

Supporting facts:

• The discussion mostly revolves around the use of digital technologies to combat climate change.

• Topic regarding the environmental damage by digital technologies is less discussed.

Topics: COP, Digital Technologies, Environment

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Overall sense of optimism from COP28

Supporting facts:

• Operationalization of the loss and damage fund

• Negotiations around technology mechanism

• Negotiations around funding mechanisms

Topics: COP28, Climate Change, Fossil Fuels

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Report

The discussions at COP28 focused on the need for a global environmental data strategy. It was acknowledged that there is a significant amount of fragmented and inadequate data available. To ensure effective decision-making, data needs to be reliable and suitable for specific applications.

Stakeholders emphasized the importance of data interoperability, as it allows for the layering and combination of data, leading to more comprehensive analysis and better decision-making. It was argued that a global environmental data strategy is necessary to address issues around fair distribution and benefit extraction from data.

The United Nations (UN) was expected to take the lead in developing and implementing the global environmental data strategy. Stakeholders expressed their expectation that the UN should play a crucial role in this process. There was an overall sense of optimism from COP28, indicating progress in addressing environmental issues through data and technology.

The discussions also highlighted the potential of emerging technologies, such as generative AI. These technologies have the capability to provide dynamic and custom analysis. Non-technical staff can use a natural language interface to express their needs, and generative AI can generate various forms of information, including text, videos, images, and geo-spatial data.

Countries and stakeholders expressed their desire for sophisticated analyses and decision support for digital environmental issues. They emphasized the need for visualizing data on maps and other platforms, as well as the importance of flexibility to accommodate the varying needs of policymakers.

The role of the private sector in environmental sustainability was another important topic of discussion. While technology can be a useful tool in addressing environmental challenges, there is a need to hold the private sector accountable for any potential environmental damage caused by their solutions.

However, it was also recognized that the private sector has shown a willingness to contribute to preserving the environment, and closer collaboration between public and private sectors is necessary. Consumers were encouraged to demand transparency and accountability from businesses to prioritize environmental issues.

It was noted that businesses primarily exist to make money, and without consumer demand for responsible consumption and production, environmental concerns may not be prioritized by the private sector. In conclusion, the discussions at COP28 highlighted the importance of a global environmental data strategy, data interoperability, and the use of emerging technologies for comprehensive analysis.

The UN is expected to take the lead in the global environmental data strategy, and there is a sense of optimism regarding progress in addressing environmental challenges. Closer collaboration between public and private sectors, as well as consumer demand for transparency and accountability, are crucial in prioritizing environmental issues.

The role of technology as both a tool and a potential source of environmental damage was recognized, calling for a balanced approach that promotes environmental responsibility.

Arguments

Digital economy and sustainability are intrinsically linked but have a paradoxical relationship

Supporting facts:

• The digital economy has the potential to reduce emissions and enable reaching the 1.5-degree goals set out in the Paris Climate Accords

• Without careful management, the digital economy can pose a major environmental risk

Topics: Digital Economy, Sustainability, Climate Change, Emission Reduction

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The importance of infrastructure in digital regulation

Supporting facts:

• Laura’s experience in RCEP led to the development of the public platform theory

• Comprehensive regulation requires alternatives to existing infrastructure

• The public platform aids in forcing the private sector to observe rules and ethics

Topics: digital regulation, ethics, security, infrastructure

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Collaboration is crucial in the pursuit of sustainability

Supporting facts:

• No one entity can accomplish sustainability alone

• Infrastructure provision can foster collaboration and progress

Topics: Collaboration, infrastructure, sustainability

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Report

The discussions highlight the interconnectedness between the digital economy and sustainability, acknowledging that they have a complex relationship. On one hand, the digital economy shows promise in reducing emissions and contributing to the goals set in the Paris Climate Accords.

It has the potential to help reach the 1.5-degree targets, but this potential must be harnessed carefully to avoid adverse environmental consequences. Sustainability is argued to be a crucial aspect that should be at the heart of all discussions and actions regarding the digital economy.

This is particularly important given the current era of accelerated digital transformation. It is emphasized that sustainability needs to be the primary focus during this period of rapid technological advancement. Infrastructure plays a vital role in digital regulation. The discussions highlight the importance of comprehensive regulation, which includes alternatives to existing infrastructure.

It is suggested that infrastructure should be adapted to support digital regulation effectively. The development of the public platform theory, based on Laura’s experience in RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership), is seen as a valuable step in this direction. The public platform theory aids in enforcing rules and ethics on the private sector and provides a mechanism to observe compliance.

It is argued that comprehensive regulation is required to address the diverse aspects of the digital economy, such as digital ethics, security, and infrastructure. There is support for a balanced approach between the public platform and the private sector. The public platform is seen as an effective tool for regulating the private sector and achieving compliance.

Additionally, it is believed that the private sector can benefit from becoming more ‘greener’ and providing newer environmental services. The discussions highlight the potential for public-private partnerships in achieving sustainability goals. Collaboration is emphasized as a crucial element in the pursuit of sustainability.

It is acknowledged that no single entity can achieve sustainability alone. The provision of infrastructure is seen as a catalyst for collaboration and progress. Collaborative efforts are essential in addressing the challenges associated with sustainability and achieving the desired goals.

In conclusion, the discussions underline the intricate relationship between the digital economy and sustainability. While the digital economy has the potential to contribute to environmental goals, careful management is necessary to mitigate risks. Sustainability should be a central consideration in all discussions and actions related to the digital economy, especially during the current era of accelerated transformation.

Infrastructure plays a crucial role in digital regulation, requiring comprehensive regulations and alternatives to existing infrastructure. Collaboration is identified as a key element in achieving sustainability, and infrastructure provision can facilitate collaboration and progress towards sustainability goals.

Arguments

Digital technologies and data are necessary to fill the implementation gap in ecological planning and transition

Supporting facts:

• Efficient and fair ecological transition necessitates the use of digital technologies and data

• Digital technologies are identified as a tool in combating climate change and biodiversity loss

Topics: Digital Technologies, Data Management, Ecological Planning

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Public platform theory, akin to how a city operates, should be implemented in data management for ecological planning

Supporting facts:

• Rules for urbanization and traffic regulation, as well as infrastructure like roads and sewers are developed by public authorities

• Digital technologies and infrastructure should be equivalent and regulated in the same manner

Topics: Public Platform Theory, Urbanization, Data Management

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Collective journey involving all stakeholders from different sectors is a requirement to accomplish this plan

Supporting facts:

• All involved ministries and sectors have appreciated the comprehensive roadmap

• Representation from local levels (regions, cities) along with external stakeholders such as private companies, NGOs, and agencies is required

Topics: Collective Participation, Stakeholder Engagement, Collaboration

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We need to balance the use of digital technologies with the impact they have on the environment and our privacy

Supporting facts:

• This is a day-to-day worry for the French government

• They are always balancing the opportunity and the data that really needed to be shared to implement a better ecological planning

• The French national strategy is very basic regarding digital technologies, focusing on sharing information to implement green technologies

Topics: Digital Technologies, Environmental Impact, Privacy, Ethics

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Regulations are needed to force the private sector to respect rules, ethics, interoperability and security

Supporting facts:

• Laura previously worked at RCEP, a telecom and big tech regulation agency in France.

• Europe is working on a Data Act Regulation and DMA and GSA.

Topics: Big Tech, Regulations

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Building alternative public platforms can aid in regulation and encourage compliance in the private sector.

Supporting facts:

• Without building alternative infrastructures, you cannot regulate from outside.

• Public platforms can help the private sector use the right data and method, respecting ethics and quality job.

Topics: Public Platforms, Compliance

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Public platforms can also support private sector transitions to greener practices.

Supporting facts:

• Private sector can build on digital components to create new environmental services.

• Private sector can leverage data sharing infrastructure to create greener services.

Topics: Green Practices, Private Sector

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France insists a lot regarding green transition and focuses on it being both efficient and fair

Topics: Green Transition, Climate change, Efficiency, Fairness

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Climate change is a very complex and systemic problem

Supporting facts:

• Climate change affects all demographic groups and regions, requires integrated responses

Topics: Climate change, Complex systems

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Digital technology plays a significant role in addressing climate change

Supporting facts:

• Digital technology can be used for data collection, monitoring, and modelling climate change

Topics: Digital technology, Climate change

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Report

The use of digital technologies and data is considered necessary to bridge the implementation gap in ecological planning and transition. These technologies play a crucial role in combating climate change and biodiversity loss. It is recognized that an efficient and fair ecological transition requires the incorporation of digital technologies and the utilization of data.

However, it is important to regulate the risks associated with these technologies. Privacy concerns, issues related to artificial intelligence, and the digital divide need to be addressed to ensure the responsible and ethical use of digital technologies. Regulations should be put in place to mitigate these risks, approaching the development of digital technologies from an ethical, citizen-oriented, and humanist framework.

Furthermore, the implementation of public platform theory, which operates similarly to a city, is proposed for effective data management in ecological planning. Just as public authorities develop rules and regulations for urbanization and traffic control, digital technologies and infrastructure should be regulated in the same manner.

The importance of regulation and evaluation is emphasized in implementing an effective data management plan. Regular evaluations are planned to ensure efficient data management, and innovative solutions are sought. This approach addresses the challenges and complexities of managing data in ecological planning.

To accomplish the ecological planning plan, a collective journey involving all stakeholders from different sectors is necessary. This includes representation from local levels, such as regions and cities, as well as engagement with external stakeholders such as private companies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and agencies.

Collaboration and involvement of all parties are crucial for the plan’s success. While digital technologies and data play vital roles, it is important to balance their use with their impact on the environment and privacy. The French government acknowledges the need to find a balance between the opportunities offered by digital technologies and the protection of data needed for effective ecological planning.

The government is concerned with ensuring that the shared data is necessary for implementing green technologies and minimizing environmental impact. It is also highlighted that changes in consumption behaviors are of significant importance. Seeking technological solutions alone, without addressing the need for changes in consumption patterns, can overlook crucial aspects of sustainability.

Information needs to be shared for effective planning, including identifying appropriate locations for renewable energy implementation. Regulation is necessary to ensure the private sector adheres to rules, ethics, interoperability, and security. There is recognition of the need to regulate private sector practices to ensure the responsible and ethical use of digital technologies.

Europe is working on implementing regulations, such as the Data Act Regulation and DMA and GSA, to ensure compliance among private sector entities. Building alternative public platforms is suggested to aid in regulation and encourage compliance in the private sector.

Such platforms can help guide the private sector in using the right data and methods while respecting ethical and quality standards. Additionally, public platforms can support the private sector’s transition to greener practices. By leveraging digital components and data sharing infrastructure, the private sector can develop innovative environmental services and contribute to sustainable practices.

France emphasizes the importance of an efficient and fair green transition. The country recognizes its responsibility, along with developed countries, in addressing climate impact due to their past actions. It is crucial to focus efforts on an ecological and fair transition.

The issue of climate change is highlighted as a complex and systemic problem that requires integrated responses. It affects all demographic groups and regions, making holistic and interdisciplinary approaches essential. Digital technology is regarded as playing a significant role in addressing climate change.

Its potential is recognized in areas such as data collection, monitoring, and modeling climate change. By leveraging digital technologies, more sustainable practices can be developed to contribute to an efficient and fair green transition. In conclusion, the use of digital technologies and data is necessary to fill the implementation gap in ecological planning and transition towards a sustainable future.

Although risks are associated with these technologies, such as privacy concerns and the digital divide, regulation and ethical frameworks are essential. A collective journey involving all stakeholders, regulation, and public platform theory are means to ensure effective data management and encourage compliance in the private sector.

Balancing the use of digital technologies with environmental impact and privacy considerations, alongside changes in consumption behaviors, is vital. The emphasis on an efficient and fair green transition, acknowledging responsibility, addressing climate change as a complex issue, and recognizing the role of digital technology in fighting climate change and biodiversity loss are key takeaways from the analysis.

Arguments

Digital technologies and innovations, like the Internet of Things, robotics, artificial intelligence, have the potential to reshape energy management, enhance efficiency, and support the adoption of low-emission technologies.

Supporting facts:

• Digital technologies can play a key role in addressing environmental sustainability

• Rapid digital transformation also brings a growing environmental footprint

• With the help of digital technologies, it’s possible to reshape energy management and enhance efficiency

Topics: Digitalization, Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Sustainability

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Rapid digital transformation brings a growing environmental footprint and there are concerns over raw material depletion, energy and water usage, air quality, pollution, and waste generation

Supporting facts:

• Global data centers alone accounted for around 1.3% of global electricity consumption in 2022

• Without careful management, digital economy risks becoming a major environmental risk

• The use of digital devices, data centers, and ICT networks accounts for 6-12% of global energy use

Topics: Digital Economy, Environment, Sustainability

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More and better use of digital technologies are needed to cope with global challenges

Supporting facts:

• The issue of digitalization and the kind of digital future we want is a massive question to deal with

• One of the challenges is to ensure effective digital access and use in developing countries

Topics: Digitalization, Global challenges

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Multiple stakeholders should come together to tackle challenges of digitalization

Supporting facts:

• Organized this session today together with UNEP to merge these perspectives

• Need to learn very fast on how best to deal with digitalization

Topics: Digitalization, Collaboration, Policy making

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The key is to accelerate global dialogue on managing the changes brought by collaboration and stepping change

Topics: global collaboration, dialogue

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Report

Digital technologies and innovations, such as the Internet of Things, robotics, and artificial intelligence, have the potential to revolutionize energy management, enhance efficiency, and facilitate the adoption of low-emission technologies. These advancements were highlighted by one speaker who emphasized their role in reshaping the energy sector and supporting sustainable practices in addressing environmental challenges.

By incorporating digital technologies into energy management systems, it becomes possible to optimize resource use, reduce CO2 emissions, and improve overall operational efficiency. This has the potential to drive progress towards SDG 9, which focuses on industry, innovation, and infrastructure, as well as SDG 13, which aims to combat climate change.

However, the rapid digital transformation also brings about concerns regarding its environmental impact. Another speaker expressed worries about issues such as raw material depletion, energy and water usage, air quality, pollution, and waste generation. It was noted that global data centres alone accounted for approximately 1.3% of global electricity consumption in 2022, highlighting the significant energy demand associated with digital activities.

Furthermore, it was highlighted that digital devices, data centres, and ICT networks account for a substantial portion, ranging from 6% to 12%, of global energy use. These concerns suggest the need for careful management and sustainable practices to mitigate the growing environmental footprint of digitalisation.

To address these concerns, it was emphasised that embracing sustainable practices is crucial in lessening the environmental impact of digitalisation and promoting ecological sustainability. The inclusion of energy efficiency, responsible resource management, renewable energy generation, and e-waste recycling was highlighted as essential components of managing digital transformation sustainably.

Additionally, supporting least developed countries and small island developing states was deemed crucial in helping them navigate the challenges and leverage the opportunities presented by digital technologies. This aligns with SDG 7, which promotes affordable and clean energy, SDG 12, which advocates for responsible consumption and production, and SDG 13, which addresses Climate Action.

Multiple stakeholders were called upon to collaborate and work together in tackling the challenges associated with digitalisation. By fostering partnerships and leveraging collective expertise, these stakeholders can effectively address the multifaceted aspects of digital transformation, including environmental concerns. This collaboration aligns with SDG 17, which emphasises the importance of partnerships for achieving sustainable development goals.

It was also highlighted that developing countries face unique challenges and downsides in relation to digitalisation. These countries often lack the capabilities to fully take advantage of digital opportunities, which can exacerbate inequalities on a global scale. Furthermore, developing countries often receive significant amounts of e-waste, posing environmental and health risks.

These observations reiterate the need for inclusive and equitable digitalisation, as well as support for developing nations to bridge the digital divide and ensure that they can reap the benefits of the digital revolution. Tech platforms were recognised for playing a significant role in shaping digital transformation.

With privileged access and control over massive data resources, these platforms hold considerable power in influencing the direction of digitalisation. It is important to monitor and regulate their practices to ensure that the benefits of digitalisation are equitably distributed and that privacy concerns are adequately addressed.

Global dialogue and collaboration were emphasised as vital in managing the changes brought about by digitalisation. By accelerating the discussion and sharing best practices, stakeholders can collectively navigate the challenges and uncertainties associated with digital transformation. Finding a balanced approach, rather than viewing digitalisation as a black-or-white situation, was highlighted as a crucial solution.

This resonates with SDG 16, which aims to establish peace, justice, and strong institutions. In conclusion, digital technologies offer immense potential in transforming energy management, improving efficiency, and supporting sustainable practices. However, the rapid pace of digital transformation also presents environmental challenges that must be carefully managed through the adoption of sustainable practices.

Collaboration among multiple stakeholders is essential in addressing these challenges and ensuring that digitalisation benefits all nations, particularly developing countries. By embracing a balanced and inclusive approach, we can harness the power of digital technologies while minimizing their negative impact and fostering a sustainable and equitable digital future.

Arguments

Lenovo is committed to meeting net zero targets by 2050

Supporting facts:

• Lenovo started its journey in sustainability 18 years ago

• Lenovo’s net zero target has been approved by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTI)

Topics: Sustainability, Greenhouse gas emissions

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Lenovo is developing innovative, sustainable packaging options

Supporting facts:

• Lenovo is currently developing innovations around packaging

Topics: Resource Optimization, Sustainable Packaging

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Lenovo is focusing on circular economy principles

Supporting facts:

• Lenovo is developing solutions taking into account circular economy principles at the design, use, and return levels

Topics: Circular Economy, Sustainable Design, Use Level, Return Level

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Private sector needs more collaboration with big organizations for environmental sustainability

Supporting facts:

• 46% of our emission is downstream, coming from the way people use our solutions

Topics: Private Sector, Collaboration, Environmental Sustainability

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Important to train consumers to use devices and solutions efficiently

Topics: Consumer Education, Efficiency

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Policy needed enhance collaboration between private, public and institutions

Supporting facts:

• Emphasis on accelerating the transformation in response to the end of the cycle

Topics: digital economy, environmental sustainability, policy making

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Report

Lenovo, a global technology company, is committed to achieving net zero targets by 2050. This commitment has been approved by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTI), and Lenovo has been on their sustainability journey for the past 18 years. They are actively working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

To achieve their climate goals, Lenovo is focusing on circular economy principles. They are developing solutions that consider the design, use, and return levels of their products. By implementing circular economy practices, Lenovo aims to reduce waste and promote the reuse and recycling of materials.

In terms of packaging, Lenovo is actively developing innovative and sustainable options. This approach aligns with SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, which emphasizes the need to reduce waste and promote sustainable packaging practices. By prioritising sustainable packaging, Lenovo is demonstrating their commitment to responsible consumption and production.

Lenovo is also aware of the importance of responsible procurement in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. They have found that 56% of their emissions are linked to their upstream ecosystem, and 46% are linked to their downstream ecosystem. To address this, Lenovo is asking its suppliers to disclose emission and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) data.

They are also promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy practices among their suppliers. Through these efforts, Lenovo aims to reduce emissions throughout their supply chain. Collaboration is another key aspect of Lenovo’s sustainability approach. They recognise that 46% of their emissions come from the way people use their products.

Therefore, they believe that collaboration between the private sector and larger organisations is crucial for achieving environmental sustainability. By working together, these entities can share knowledge and resources to promote sustainable practices. Lenovo acknowledges the changing expectations of consumers. They have observed that consumers now consider ESG criteria when selecting suppliers.

This means that consumers prioritize environmentally responsible and socially conscious business practices. In response to this shift, Lenovo emphasizes the importance of training consumers to use their devices and solutions efficiently. This not only reduces energy consumption but also extends the lifespan of their products.

Policy advancement is another area of focus for Lenovo. They believe that policy initiatives are necessary to enhance collaboration between the private, public, and institutional sectors. Lenovo emphasizes the need for new policies and rules that can support and accelerate the transition towards a more sustainable digital economy.

By aligning policies across sectors, there is potential for greater collaboration and unified efforts towards environmental sustainability. In conclusion, Lenovo is committed to sustainability and has set ambitious net zero targets for the future. They are incorporating circular economy principles into their solutions, developing sustainable packaging options, and working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through responsible procurement.

Lenovo recognizes the importance of collaboration across sectors and emphasizes the need for training consumers to use their products efficiently. They also advocate for policy advancements to foster collaboration and accelerate the transition towards a sustainable digital economy.

Arguments

Concerns over data protection and ethical collection of data

Supporting facts:

• A company collected IRIS data of 2 million people in Nairobi despite government’s order to stop

• This data collection was done without clear information or consent of the people

• People were paid money for their data which raises ethical concerns

Topics: Data Protection, Ethics, Privacy, Consent

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The upsurge of digital money lending in Nigeria due to COVID-19 restrictions

Supporting facts:

• COVID-19 restrictions were effective in Nigeria from 2020

• There was a need for financial aid and assistance to individuals

• The restrictions resulted in the upsurge of digital money lending

Topics: Finance, COVID-19 Restrictions, Digital Money Lending

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Violations of privacy and misuse of personal data by digital money lenders

Supporting facts:

• There have been numerous cases of privacy and data violation

• Digital lenders have resorted to harassing techniques to get loans repaid

• The Commission has had to open an investigation into this issue

Topics: Privacy Law, Data Misuse, Digital Money Lending

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Report

The analysis covers various arguments and stances on data protection, privacy, and ethical concerns. One argument raises concerns regarding the protection of data and ethical collection practices. It is reported that a company collected IRIS data from 2 million people in Nairobi, despite the government’s order to cease.

This data collection occurred without clear information or consent from the individuals, leading to ethical concerns, especially as the individuals were paid for their data. Another argument highlights the importance of safeguarding people’s rights while promoting innovation. The supporting facts indicate that the company collecting the data did not disclose how the data is being used, resulting in the violation of people’s rights.

This argument expresses a negative sentiment towards the situation. The analysis also addresses the upsurge of digital money lending in Nigeria due to COVID-19 restrictions. The supporting facts suggest that the restrictions implemented in Nigeria in response to the COVID-19 pandemic were effective.

However, these restrictions led to a need for financial aid and assistance to individuals, resulting in an increase in digital money lending. This argument conveys a negative sentiment, emphasizing the impact of the restrictions on individuals’ financial circumstances. The violation of privacy and misuse of personal data by digital money lenders are discussed as well.

The supporting facts indicate numerous instances of privacy and data violations. Digital lenders have resorted to harassing techniques to pursue loan repayments, prompting an investigation by the Commission. This argument conveys a negative sentiment, highlighting the seriousness of privacy and data misuse concerns.

Furthermore, the importance of establishing a global and regional regulatory framework for data protection is emphasized. The speaker suggests leveraging regional initiatives to address these issues and references ongoing discussions on global regulatory efforts. This argument carries a neutral sentiment, underscoring the need for international collaboration to protect data and privacy.

Lastly, the analysis explores the potential role of artificial intelligence (AI) in regulatory compliance. The speaker seeks advice on how AI can assist with regulatory compliance. This argument is neutral, emphasizing the need for further exploration and discussion to fully comprehend the benefits and challenges of AI in this context.

In summary, the analysis raises critical concerns regarding data protection, privacy, and ethical considerations. It underscores the importance of obtaining clear information and consent when collecting data, the financial impact of COVID-19 restrictions, the necessity for robust privacy and data protection regulations, and the potential role of AI in regulatory compliance.

These findings underscore the significance of ethical data practices and the need for comprehensive regulations to safeguard individual rights in the evolving digital landscape.

Arguments

AI innovation and the challenge of equitable distribution

Supporting facts:

• AI innovation is dominated by a handful of countries, with concerns over vertical integration within the wider ecosystem

• African countries and other developing countries are involved in AI innovation, though challenges remain

Topics: AI, trade negotiations, global governance

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The importance of addressing harmful aspects of AI

Supporting facts:

• Harms from AI include precarious work conditions, potential consumer exposure to harm, and questions around data access and transparency

Topics: AI, labour rights, data protection

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Current AI governance debates are not fully inclusive and are often held in exclusive spaces, which may not account for low-income and many developing countries

Supporting facts:

• Discussions about AI governance often occur in exclusive places like the G7, the OECD, US, EU, Trade and Technology Council, etc.

• Low-income countries often are not well-represented at these forums

Topics: AI governance, Inclusivity, Developing and underdeveloped economies

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There is potential for developing countries to pool resources at regional levels for better AI governance

Supporting facts:

• Developing countries pooling resources can help identify countries’ interests and come up with domestic solutions

• Pooling of resources can shape global conversations and engagement

Topics: AI governance, Resource pooling, Regional levels, Developing economies

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Smaller industry players, labor, and consumers often do not have a voice in AI governance discussions

Supporting facts:

• Only the larger technology firms have the capacity to follow what’s happening and are thus more articulate

• Labour and consumers are often not included in the decision-making process for AI governance

Topics: AI governance, Inclusivity, Industry players, Consumer rights, Labour rights

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The challenge is if we open up global dialogues and yet countries don’t have sufficient resources to be effectively represented the outcome, doesn’t actually reflect the interests of everybody at the table.

Supporting facts:

• Opening up global dialogues can inadvertently serve the interests that have the power and influence.

• Pooling resources can come up with innovation at the regional level.

Topics: Global Dialogues, Resource Allocation, Representation

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Enforcement of data privacy laws in countries is a major issue

Supporting facts:

• Kenya’s legislation similar to GDPR was violated

• Clearview AI case amassing data without consent and questions about jurisdiction for imposing fines

Topics: Data Privacy, Legislation, GDPR, Enforcement

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There is a need for a global solution for enforcement of data privacy

Supporting facts:

• Difficulties faced by smaller countries in enforcing privacy standards against large technology companies

Topics: Data Privacy, Global Solution, Enforcement

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Governments across the world are struggling to regulate AI

Supporting facts:

• EU has released AI Act

• US has released its executive orders on AI

Topics: AI Act, EU, US, Public Sector, AI Regulation

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AI regulation is similar to the regulation challenge faced in the financial services sector two decades ago

Supporting facts:

• Over the counter derivatives were problematic and caused the global financial crisis

• Governments were not in a position to keep up with the pace of innovation and were always playing catch up as regulators

Topics: AI Regulation, Financial Services Sector, Over the counter derivatives

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There’s a need for diverse perspectives when discussing and regulating AI

Supporting facts:

• There’s not a holistic enough conversation about AI

• We don’t have just trade experts but we should have ethical experts as well in AI regulation

Topics: AI, AI regulation

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Report

The analysis explores various aspects of AI innovation, trade agreements, AI governance, data privacy, and AI regulation. It raises concerns about the equitable distribution of AI innovation, highlighting its dominance by a few countries. Although African and other developing countries participate in AI innovation, challenges related to access and competition persist.

Trade agreements are scrutinised for potentially reinforcing the power of large companies without redistributing the benefits. The rapid development of trade agreements has implications for AI and digital ecosystems, with a particular concern for the influence of dominant companies in the AI space.

This raises questions about the representation of smaller industry players, labour, and consumers in AI governance discussions. The analysis emphasises the importance of addressing the harmful aspects of AI, including precarious work conditions, potential consumer harm, and data access and transparency concerns.

Stronger regulations and proactive measures are needed to mitigate these issues. There is a need for trade agreements that level the playing field for developing countries. Developing countries face challenges in the AI ecosystem, such as limited access to resources and unbalanced relationships with big tech companies.

Current trade agreements may not effectively address issues related to competition, consumer protection, and labour rights in the digital economy. The analysis highlights the lack of inclusivity in AI governance debates. Exclusive spaces such as the G7, OECD, US, EU, and Trade and Technology Council often exclude low-income and many developing countries.

It suggests that developing countries can pool resources at regional levels to ensure a more inclusive approach to global AI governance. Geopolitical tensions significantly influence AI governance spaces and can complicate discussions, creating barriers to inclusivity. The analysis also raises concerns about the dominating presence of Big Tech in the AI space.

Issues such as data ownership, control over infrastructure, and marketplace influence are highlighted, questioning fairness and competition within the industry. Enforcement of data privacy laws is identified as a major issue, with difficulties faced by smaller countries in regulating large technology companies.

A global solution for data privacy enforcement is proposed to address these challenges. Governments worldwide are struggling to regulate AI. The concentration of AI expertise within the industry makes it challenging for the public sector to effectively regulate. The pooling of resources is suggested to bridge the gap between government and industry.

The analysis concludes by advocating for a more holistic and inclusive conversation about AI. It highlights the importance of diverse perspectives, including ethical experts, in AI discussions and regulations. Overall, the analysis demonstrates the multifaceted challenges and complexities of AI innovation, trade agreements, AI governance, data privacy, and AI regulation.

It emphasises the need for equity, inclusivity, and addressing the harmful aspects of AI. Strong regulations, global cooperation, and diverse perspectives are crucial in shaping the future of AI.

Arguments

Digital connectivity is key for increasing both international and domestic trade.

Supporting facts:

• Simple gravity modeling analysis shows the role of digital connectivity in boosting trade.

• More internet connections translate into more domestic trades which outweigh international trade impacts.

Topics: Digital Connectivity, International Trade, Domestic Trade

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The regulatory environment needs work to enable opportunities in Africa.

Supporting facts:

• OECD countries have lower barriers, while African countries have high barriers.

• However, African countries are reducing their regulatory barriers faster than OECD countries increase theirs.

• A significant regulatory reform in Africa equals like removing a 20% tariff on exports, suggesting regulatory environment affects export potential.

Topics: Regulations, Opportunities, Africa

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Challenges associated with digital trade

Supporting facts:

• Ukrainian company uses outsourcing for compliance regulation in different countries.

• Use of artificial intelligence at customs and blockchain for engaging trade enhances international trade.

Topics: AI, trade, digital technology adoption

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Importance of market openness to access technology and services

Supporting facts:

• Coding principle: Coders draw on other codes online to create their product.

• Foreign services help gain domestic and international competitiveness.

• Existence of high tariffs on digital devices in Africa hinders technology adoption.

Topics: Trade, Digital technology, AI

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Integrated global digital market is needed rather than autarky.

Supporting facts:

• Digital markets are globally interdependent.

• Small countries don’t have market size to make digital products viable.

Topics: global digital market, autarky, digital trade agreement

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Not just developing countries, but everyone is struggling to regulate AI

Supporting facts:

• AI Act has come out in the EU

• Executive orders in the US about AI

Topics: AI regulation, Developing countries, Developed countries

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The effectiveness of enforcement mechanisms in privacy rights is crucial

Supporting facts:

• Reference to EU and GDPR with larger fines can act as effective deterrents

Topics: Enforcement, Privacy Rights

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Caution should be taken in involving international systems in domestic dispute resolution

Supporting facts:

• involvement of international systems in domestic disputes may be inappropriate unless it involves an international company

Topics: International Systems, Domestic Dispute Resolution

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The opportunities and challenges in finding solutions are both huge

Topics: Problem-solving, Perspectives, Cooperation

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Trade agreements with exceptions and flexibilities might not be the best solution

Topics: Trade agreements, Exceptions, Flexibility, Enforcement

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Report

The analysis of the speakers’ arguments reveals several important points related to digital connectivity, trade, regulations, and ethical issues. One key point is the role of digital connectivity in boosting both international and domestic trade. The argument presented with a positive sentiment suggests that simple gravity modeling analysis demonstrates the crucial role of digital connectivity in increasing trade.

More internet connections lead to a greater volume of domestic trade, outweighing the impact on international trade. This highlights the significance of digital connectivity in driving economic growth. Regarding regulations, there are mixed views regarding the regulatory environment. The analysis suggests that while OECD countries have lower barriers, African countries face higher regulatory barriers.

However, it is noted that African countries are making efforts to reduce their regulatory barriers at a faster pace than OECD countries. One key supporting fact is that significant regulatory reform in Africa can be as impactful as removing a 20% tariff on exports.

This implies that the regulatory environment plays a crucial role in determining the export potential of African countries, and further improvement is needed. The analysis also discusses the maintenance of the moratorium on applying customs duties on digital transmissions. The argument presented with a negative sentiment suggests that applying customs duties on digital transmissions could create more barriers for African countries, particularly in creative industries, when trying to enter global markets.

It is highlighted that digitally deliverable services are growing at a rate of 8% annually, but African countries represent a small share. Therefore, maintaining the moratorium is seen as essential to facilitating the participation of African countries in the global digital economy.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technology for trade is seen as beneficial. The analysis provides examples where the use of AI at customs and blockchain technology enhances international trade. Additionally, it is highlighted that foreign services help gain domestic and international competitiveness.

However, there is a negative sentiment associated with concentration in two countries, which is viewed as detrimental to achieving a more balanced global trade landscape. The importance of market openness to access technology and services is emphasized with a positive sentiment.

It is supported by evidence that coding principles rely on drawing from online sources to create products, and high tariffs on digital devices in Africa hinder technology adoption. The argument suggests that market openness is crucial for countries to fully benefit from technological advancements.

Openness to data and talent is also considered important. The analysis suggests that without a data protection policy, data transfer is hindered due to a lack of trust. Additionally, it is noted that talent may be better found abroad, implying the need for countries to be open to talent mobility.

Both these points are presented with a positive sentiment. The analysis highlights the need for an integrated global digital market rather than autarky. It is argued that digital markets are globally interdependent, and smaller countries may not have the market size to make digital products economically viable.

Therefore, an integrated digital market is viewed as crucial for promoting the growth of digital products. There is a negative sentiment associated with purpose bounds on data, indicating that such bounds may inhibit innovation. It is argued that the value of data often comes from its multiple uses, which may not be foreseen at the point of collection.

However, it is also acknowledged that there needs to be a balance to ensure individuals are sufficiently informed about data use. The analysis suggests that trade agreements may not be sufficient to tackle ethical issues. While trade agreements do include considerations and flexibilities for moral purposes, there is a negative sentiment that more needs to be done.

The EU-Japan data flows agreement is cited as an example of considering ethics in trade agreements. The struggle to regulate AI is highlighted with a negative sentiment. It is mentioned that both developing and developed countries are grappling with the challenges of regulating AI.

Executive orders in the US and the AI Act in the EU are examples of attempts to regulate AI, but it is noted that there is no solid answer yet on how to effectively regulate it. The effectiveness of enforcement mechanisms in privacy rights is viewed positively.

The reference to the EU and GDPR with larger fines is seen as a potential deterrent to violations of privacy rights. Caution is recommended when involving international systems in domestic dispute resolution. The analysis suggests that unless an international company is involved, the involvement of international systems in domestic disputes may not be appropriate.

The need for problem-solving and cooperation is viewed neutrally, highlighting the vast opportunities and challenges faced in finding solutions. Additionally, the belief in breaking silos and bringing multiple perspectives to find appropriate solutions is presented with a positive sentiment. Finally, the analysis questions the effectiveness of trade agreements with exceptions and flexibilities.

It suggests that such trade agreements may not be the best solution, and presents a neutral sentiment on this matter. In conclusion, the analysis of the speakers’ arguments reveals various viewpoints on digital connectivity, trade, regulations, and ethical issues. While digital connectivity is seen as crucial for boosting both international and domestic trade, there are mixed views on the regulatory environment.

The maintenance of the moratorium on customs duties on digital transmissions is deemed necessary to avoid creating barriers for African countries. The use of AI and digital technology is considered beneficial, but concentration in two countries is viewed negatively. Market openness to access technology and services is emphasized, along with openness to data and talent.

The creation of an integrated global digital market is argued to be essential. There is concern that purpose bounds on data may hinder innovation and that trade agreements may not adequately address ethical issues. The struggle to regulate AI is recognized, and the effectiveness of enforcement mechanisms in privacy rights is acknowledged.

Caution is advised when involving international systems in domestic dispute resolution. The need for problem-solving and cooperation is highlighted, along with the importance of breaking silos and embracing multiple perspectives. Lastly, the effectiveness of trade agreements with exceptions and flexibilities is questioned.

Arguments

Frontier technologies, including AI, have transformative power for socioeconomic development

Supporting facts:

• Already being used in education, agriculture and manufacturing

• SMEs are using these technologies for logistics, communications, building e-commerce platforms

Topics: AI, frontier technologies, socioeconomic development

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Digital technologies connect SMEs in developing countries to global markets

Supporting facts:

• SMEs are participating in global platforms and are able to connect to foreign markets

Topics: SMEs, developing countries, communications, global markets

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New technologies promote financial inclusion

Supporting facts:

• Millions of people in developing countries now have access to mobile money and formal accounts

Topics: financial inclusion, mobile money, formal accounts

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There exist major challenges with the use of these digital technologies

Supporting facts:

• One-third of global population is offline

• In Africa, only one-third of the population is using the internet

Topics: digital divide, competition, fair markets, internet access

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Emerging technologies are changing the creative industries by impacting how creative goods and services are created, distributed, and consumed

Supporting facts:

• AI has several impacts on how we create content, how we enhance content, how we analyze text, and also how we can condense data

Topics: Emerging Technologies, Creative Industries

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AI is helping in reducing the costs of producing audiovisual content

Supporting facts:

• More and more people are able to make a living out of producing films and audiovisual materials

• Nigeria has the world’s second largest film industry

Topics: AI, Audiovisual content

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AI is used to personalize the learning process in education through games

Supporting facts:

• Company in Egypt, Vord, is developing games to enhance learning experience in schools

• They have agreements with over 120 schools

• They have over 30,000 students who use their applications

Topics: AI, Education, Games

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Local entrepreneurs in Africa are developing important marketplaces due to barriers presented by big tech players

Supporting facts:

• Because of physical and digital infrastructural barriers in Africa, big tech players often don’t invest in African countries

• Local entrepreneurs instead develop important marketplaces for local entrepreneurs

Topics: Entrepreneurship in Africa, Marketplaces

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There is a new generation of trade agreements that are discussing sustainability, inclusiveness, and gender issues.

Topics: Trade agreements, Sustainability, Inclusiveness, Gender issues

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Global and regional cooperation is needed to develop group frameworks and build capacities in developing countries.

Topics: Global cooperation, Regional cooperation, Capacity building, Developing countries

---

AI and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) go hand in hand in developing an adequate framework that encourages innovation and respects human rights.

Topics: AI, Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, Human rights

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Report

Frontier technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), have the power to bring about transformative changes in socioeconomic development. These technologies are already being used in sectors such as education, agriculture, and manufacturing, improving efficiency and productivity. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries are leveraging these technologies to enhance logistics, communication, and e-commerce platforms, facilitating their access to global markets.

New technologies are promoting financial inclusion, providing millions of people in developing countries with access to mobile money and formal financial accounts. This accessibility empowers individuals and contributes to poverty reduction and economic empowerment. However, challenges remain, such as the digital divide where a significant portion of the global population lacks internet access, with Africa being particularly affected.

Bridging this gap is crucial for ensuring equitable opportunities for all. Efficiently utilizing frontier technologies requires implementing frameworks that manage competition issues, create fair markets, and invest in necessary infrastructure. These measures are essential for achieving equitable and sustainable development.

AI is revolutionizing the creative industries, reducing the costs of producing audiovisual content and enabling more individuals to make a living from creative pursuits. The use of AI applications is also increasing productivity and competitiveness for entrepreneurs in developing countries.

In the education sector, AI is enhancing the learning process through gamification and personalized experiences. Egyptian company, Vord, has developed educational games used in over 120 schools, benefiting more than 30,000 students. Online marketplaces are connecting African artisans with global markets, overcoming infrastructural barriers and expanding their customer base.

Trade agreements are evolving to focus on sustainability, inclusiveness, and gender issues, ensuring trade benefits all stakeholders while promoting equality and environmental protection. Global and regional cooperation is crucial for effectively harnessing the potential of frontier technologies, developing frameworks, building capacities, and ensuring equitable distribution of benefits.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are vital for fostering innovation and respecting human rights in the context of AI technologies. Striking a balance in the legal framework is necessary to promote advancement while upholding ethical standards. Overall, there is a positive sentiment towards frontier technologies and their potential for socioeconomic development.

Stakeholders are actively working to overcome challenges and ensure the equitable distribution of these transformative technologies.

Arguments

AI and generative AI reinforce the current economic structure, where the same people enjoy the benefits while the same people suffer the consequences including human rights violations in the entire value chain

Supporting facts:

• Discussed about the economic opportunities presented by AI and its ethical dimension

• Questioned who is enjoying the upsides and who is suffering under the downsides

Topics: AI, Generative AI, Human Rights, Economic Structure

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Generative AI increases ethical risks related to privacy, data protection, copyright violations and disinformation, including the use of deepfakes

Supporting facts:

• Companies are constantly breaking law regarding data protection and copyrights with no consequences

• Risk of disinformation campaigns and deepfakes undermining political systems

Topics: Data Privacy, Data Protection, Copyright, Disinformation, Deepfakes

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Extended exposure to screen time, due to AI and generative AI, poses risks to physical and mental health, and opens up scope for manipulation in economic and political fields

Supporting facts:

• Screen time equals manipulation, going beyond mere influence

• Manipulation can occur in economic sphere (customers and decision makers) and political sphere (citizens and politicians)

Topics: Screen Time, Mental Health, Physical Health, Manipulation

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Injustice is observed where big tech expects developing countries to use their technologies, while the collected data is used outside these countries for profitable business opportunities

Supporting facts:

• Big tech companies use data from developing countries for their own profit

• Proposes the need for local talent working on local data infrastructure and developing specific contextualized solutions

Topics: Big Tech, Data, Injustice, Developing Countries

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Ethical considerations and human rights protections should be prioritized in the application of AI and digital transformation

Supporting facts:

• Given the example of purpose-bound data use in medical settings, where personal information is shared with physicians only for the purpose of addressing health issues

Topics: AI governance, Ethics in AI, Digital transformation

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Global regulatory efforts need to be pooled to effectively handle the unique challenges of AI and digital transformation

Supporting facts:

• AI and digital transformation are global phenomena and should be addressed as such

Topics: AI governance, Global regulation, Digital transformation

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Creation of an International Database Systems Agency at the UN could help to monitor human rights violations, regulate access to markets, and facilitate technological cooperation

Supporting facts:

• Drew parallels to the establishment and function of the International Atomic Energy Agency

Topics: AI governance, Global regulation, UN, Digital transformation

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Trade agreements offer a great opportunity to address ethical issues

Supporting facts:

• Trade agreements have potential to address ethical considerations, injustices or divides and incorporating ethics research in their creation process could be beneficial

Topics: Trade agreements, Ethics

---

Purpose-bound data use is not meant to hinder innovation but it’s important to balance innovation with the human rights

Supporting facts:

• Informed consent in data use can help in promoting innovation, Yet respecting human rights it is crucial since data protection and privacy are protected by human rights laws

Topics: Data use, Innovation, Human rights

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There might be potential for technology-based solutions to facilitate transparent and constant information flow about how the user’s data is being used

Supporting facts:

• Instant transparent information can help users to understand and potentially agree or disagree on how their data is used

Topics: Data use, Technology, Transparency

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Doing things differently in the AI space could ensure respect for human rights and foster innovation

Supporting facts:

• Striving for different ways to work with AI in the future can help in promoting innovation, while also preserving human rights

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Human rights, Innovation

---

National efforts are necessary in trying to regulate AI and generative AI.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Generative AI, Regulation

---

It is wise to consider pooling efforts in regional initiatives for effective AI regulation.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Generative AI, Regional Cooperation

---

It is necessary to aim for creating a global regulatory framework for AI as it is a global phenomenon.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Global Regulation

---

In the establishment process of the framework and international database systems agency AIDA, initiatives taken so far should be integrated.

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Global Regulation, AIDA

---

Peter Kirchschlaeger argues against relying on big tech companies for regulation and governance of AI

Supporting facts:

• Comparison with reliance on financial industry during financial crisis, which proved to be a mistake

• Inherent conflict of interest for tech companies in shaping AI regulation

• Need for a more balanced expert committee with voices from various sectors

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Regulation, Big Tech Companies, Governance

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IDA at the UN is can help national law enforcement mechanisms to protect the weaker parties during violation of privacy and personal data

Supporting facts:

• Nigeria has experienced a lot of privacy and personal data violations by digital money lenders

Topics: AI Regulation, Data Protection, Global Regulatory Framework

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Emphasizes on the need for an interdisciplinary, international, and inclusive dialogue

Supporting facts:

• Believes that dialogue can lead to better understanding of the needs

• Mentions case studies presented by the audience could help in understanding better

• Believes IDA at the UN could benefit from such a dialogue

Topics: Interdisciplinary approach, International collaboration, Inclusivity

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Report

The analysis of the speakers’ arguments regarding AI and generative AI reveals several concerns. There is a negative sentiment towards the reinforcement of existing economic structures, where certain individuals benefit while others suffer human rights violations in the entire value chain.

The argument is made that AI and generative AI have led to the same people enjoying economic benefits, while the same people suffer the consequences, including human rights violations. The speakers question who is enjoying the upsides of AI and generative AI and who is suffering under the downsides.

Ethical risks related to privacy, data protection, copyright violations, and disinformation are highlighted. It is pointed out that companies are constantly breaking laws regarding data protection and copyrights with no consequences. There is a risk of disinformation campaigns and deepfakes that can undermine political systems.

The argument put forward is that generative AI increases these ethical risks, hence the need to address them. Extended screen time due to AI and generative AI is seen as posing risks to physical and mental health. It is argued that screen time equals manipulation, going beyond mere influence.

This manipulation can occur in both the economic sphere, affecting customers and decision-makers, and the political sphere, affecting citizens and politicians. The concern is that AI and generative AI open up the scope for manipulation in these fields. Criticism is directed towards big tech companies for their exploitation of developing countries’ data for their own profit.

The argument is that there is injustice when these companies expect developing countries to use their technologies, while the collected data is used outside these countries for profitable business opportunities. It is proposed that local talent should be utilized to work on local data infrastructure and develop specific contextualized solutions.

The analysis also underlines the need to avoid intensifying colonial power structures with technological innovation. The speakers stress the injustice faced by developing countries in the era of big tech and emphasize the need for utilizing local talent and data for local benefits.

On a positive note, it is argued that ethical considerations and human rights protections should be prioritized in the application of AI and digital transformation. The speakers give an example of purpose-bound data use in medical settings, where personal information is shared with physicians only for the purpose of addressing health issues.

There is a call for global regulatory efforts to be pooled to effectively handle the unique challenges of AI and digital transformation. It is stated that AI and digital transformation are global phenomena and should be addressed as such. The responsibility of technology companies to adhere to laws and ethical use of technology is emphasized.

The speakers refer to tech companies breaking laws as long as the gains outweigh the sanctions. The argument is made that technology companies need to act responsibly and comply with laws and ethical use of technology. The creation of an International Database Systems Agency at the UN is proposed as a solution to monitor human rights violations, regulate access to markets, and facilitate technological cooperation.

The speakers draw parallels to the establishment and function of the International Atomic Energy Agency in their argument. Trade agreements are seen as an opportunity to address ethical issues. The suggestion is made to incorporate ethics research in the creation process of trade agreements, as they have the potential to address ethical considerations, injustices, or divides.

The importance of balancing innovation with human rights and respecting human rights laws is stressed. It is argued that purpose-bound data use is not meant to hinder innovation but it is important to strike a balance. The speakers highlight the importance of informed consent in data use for promoting innovation while respecting human rights.

There is potential for technology-based solutions to facilitate transparent and constant flow of information about how the user’s data is being used. It is proposed that instant transparent information can help users understand and potentially agree or disagree on how their data is used.

The speakers argue that doing things differently in the AI space could ensure respect for human rights and foster innovation. It is suggested that striving for different ways to work with AI in the future can help promote innovation while also preserving human rights.

It is stated that national efforts are necessary in trying to regulate AI and generative AI. Additionally, regional initiatives for effective regulation are also suggested, as pooling efforts in regional initiatives may lead to more effective AI regulation. The need to aim for creating a global regulatory framework for AI is emphasized.

The speakers contend that AI is a global phenomenon and therefore needs a global regulatory framework. The establishment process of the framework and international database systems agency AIDA is discussed. The argument is made that initiatives taken so far should be integrated into the establishment process of AIDA.

The conclusion drawn from the analysis is that there is a need for a holistic and inclusive global framework to regulate AI. The speakers believe that such a framework should prioritize ethical considerations, human rights protections, and the involvement of university-based experts in regulatory committees.

They also stress the importance of interdisciplinary, international, and inclusive dialogue in addressing the challenges posed by AI and generative AI. Finally, support is expressed for the establishment of the International Database Systems Agency at the UN.

Arguments

Integrating data-driven digital technologies such as AI and generative AI can shape the future of digital transformation and trade on the African continent.

Supporting facts:

• Shamira is the Executive Director of the Data Economy Policy Hub, an independent think tank founded by indigenous African women in South Africa.

Topics: AI, generative AI, Digital transformation, Digital trade, Africa

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Hosting a panel discussion with a diverse panel of experts who have insights on the creative economy, digital services trade, global governance, and ethics of digital transformation.

Supporting facts:

• The panelists are from a wide range of expertise and will contribute to the understanding of the role of digital technologies in shaping Africa’s digital services trade landscape.

Topics: Panel discussion, creative economy, digital services trade, global governance, digital transformation

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Shamira Ahmed emphasizes that generative AI and other data-driven technologies could lead to a wave of new issues if not governed responsibly

Supporting facts:

• She notes that AI can cause issues in the regulatory and policy environment, connectivity, distributional effects, and disinformation

Topics: Generative AI, Data-driven technologies, Governance

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Ahmed is interested in the most promising use cases of generative AI to enhance human capital, productivity, and cross-border trading services

Supporting facts:

• She asked the panel to speak on examples from Africa or other developing countries

Topics: Generative AI, Human Capital, Productivity, Cross-border trading services

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Ahmed acknowledges that there are positive impacts of AI but also warns of risks that might contribute to inequality and wealth concentration in the tech space

Supporting facts:

• She emphasizes the need for responsible governance of AI at national and international levels

Topics: Generative AI, Inequality, Wealth Concentration, Tech Space

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Report

The integration of data-driven digital technologies, including AI and generative AI, holds significant potential to shape the future of digital transformation and trade in Africa. This argument was put forward in a discussion led by Shamira Ahmed, the Executive Director of the Data Economy Policy Hub.

Ahmed is associated with an independent think tank founded by indigenous African women in South Africa. The session highlighted the various challenges, opportunities, and risks associated with the influence of AI on digital transformation and trade. While acknowledging the transformative capabilities of AI, it was stressed that a multidimensional exploration of these aspects is necessary.

To delve deeper into the topic, a panel discussion was proposed, consisting of experts from various domains. The diverse panel aimed to provide insights into the role of digital technologies in shaping Africa’s digital services trade landscape, with specific emphasis on the creative economy, digital services trade, global governance, and the ethics of digital transformation.

Addressing the need for responsible governance, Shamira Ahmed emphasized that generative AI and other data-driven technologies, if not governed responsibly, could create a range of new issues. These include challenges in the regulatory and policy environment, connectivity, distributional effects, and disinformation.

Furthermore, Ahmed expressed interest in exploring the most promising use cases of generative AI in Africa and other developing countries. Specifically, she sought examples that demonstrate how these technologies can enhance human capital, productivity, and cross-border trading services. While recognizing the positive impacts of AI, Shamira Ahmed cautioned against the risks that might contribute to inequality and wealth concentration in the tech space.

Responsible governance, both at national and international levels, was highlighted as crucial to effectively mitigate these risks. In conclusion, the integration of data-driven technologies such as AI and generative AI has the potential to reshape digital transformation and trade in Africa.

However, it is essential to fully understand and address the multidimensional challenges, opportunities, and risks they bring forth. Responsible governance plays a pivotal role in maximizing the benefits of these technologies while mitigating potential pitfalls. Through panel discussions and exploration of diverse perspectives, valuable insights into the role of digital technologies in Africa’s digital services trade landscape can be gained.

Arguments

Atsushi Yamanaka is a Senior Advisor of Digital Transformations at the Office of Science and Technology Innovation and Digital Transformation at Japan International Cooperation Agency.

Topics: Digital Transformations, Science and Technology Innovation, Japan International Cooperation Agency

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Japan International Cooperation Agency (JAICA) is the implementing arm of the official development assistance of government to Japan, with about $16 billion worth of portfolios in more than 115 countries and regions and oversees offices in about 96 countries and regions.

Topics: JAICA, Development Assistance, Government, Japan

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JAICA has more than 1700 ongoing projects in various different areas of the field, including digital transformation or technologies for development.

Topics: JAICA, Projects, Digital Transformation, Technologies for Development

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Yamanaka argues that startups can address development issues where governments are limited

Supporting facts:

• Government is supposed to provide public services yet struggles due to limited resources

• Private sector, especially startups, have the technology and ability to create jobs.

• Private sector can also raise their own funds and thus create sustainable business models

Topics: Startups, Government limitations, Development issues

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Initial funding is a major challenge for startups in developing countries

Supporting facts:

• Startups struggle to translate their technical solutions into business models

• Startups have difficulty identifying needs and challenges

• Initial funding to develop minimum viable product and business is difficult to obtain with a need for $5,000-$10,000. After that stage, there are different levels of venture capitalists available.

Topics: Startups, Funding, Developing countries

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Public and private sectors should work together to address financial challenges and create a conducive ecosystem

Supporting facts:

• JICA undertakes various initiatives to support startups to grow and provide services to solve development challenges

• The support includes creating open innovation challenges, providing acceleration support, investing in venture capital, and providing human development and institutional strengthening

Topics: Public-private partnership, Financial challenges

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Startups and SMEs need a clear growth path

Supporting facts:

• Different supports are provided at different stages of the startups’ growth

• Development partners like JICA can support startups at the beginning stages and then venture capitalists and accelerators can take over in subsequent stages

Topics: Startups, Growth path

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Report

Atsushi Yamanaka, a Senior Advisor of Digital Transformations at the Office of Science and Technology Innovation and Digital Transformation at Japan International Cooperation Agency (JAICA), plays a key role in promoting digital transformations within the agency. JAICA, as the implementing arm of Japan’s official development assistance, has successfully executed projects in over 115 countries.

During an event, Yamanaka expressed regret for being unable to attend in person and had to participate remotely from Manila. This highlights the challenges faced by individuals trying to connect and engage with global events in the digital age. Yamanaka argues that startups have the potential to address development issues where governments have limited resources and capabilities.

He believes that the private sector, particularly startups, have the technology and ability to create jobs and stimulate economic growth. Moreover, startups can raise their own funds and create sustainable business models, contributing to a country’s overall development. However, Yamanaka acknowledges that startups in developing countries face significant hurdles, with initial funding being a major challenge.

Startups struggle to translate their technical solutions into viable business models and often have difficulty identifying market needs and challenges. Additionally, obtaining the necessary funding, especially in early stages of development, is a daunting task. Yamanaka highlights the need for access to seed capital and mitigating the initial risks faced by startups, suggesting that development agencies like JAICA can play a crucial role in this regard.

To overcome these challenges, Yamanaka emphasizes the importance of collaboration between startups, governments, development partners, and venture capitalists. He encourages startups to engage and lobby their respective governments for support, while also engaging with agencies like JAICA to foster growth.

Open innovation challenges and acceleration programs can provide valuable opportunities for such collaborations. Yamanaka’s insights also highlight the need for a clear growth path for startups and small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Different stages of a startup’s growth require distinct forms of support.

Initially, development partners like JAICA can provide assistance, followed by the involvement of venture capitalists and accelerators in subsequent stages. In conclusion, Yamanaka’s perspective sheds light on the intersection of startups, development agencies, governments, and venture capitalists in addressing development challenges.

He advocates for the provision of seed capital, the mitigation of initial risks, and collaborative efforts to create a conducive ecosystem for startup growth. These efforts have the potential to bolster economic growth, create employment opportunities, and contribute to overall sustainable development.

Arguments

Interest in investment in Africa and Asia Pacific

Supporting facts:

• Audience is based in Brussels working for United Nations Capital Development Fund primarily focusing on investment in Africa

• Mentioned interest specifically in Asia and the Pacific

Topics: Investment, Africa, Asia Pacific

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Business operations in various sectors across multiple countries

Supporting facts:

• From Egypt with business in Egypt

• Interest in MENA region, Lagos, Nigeria in Mobility Space and logistics, finance

• Interest in Nairobi, Kenya in the field of technology, e-commerce

• Mentioned Southeast Asia, in B2B, e-commerce, SaaS, and fintech

• Interest in South Africa

Topics: E-commerce, Mobility Space, Logistics, Finance, SaaS, Fintech

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The speaker expresses concern about the investment gap for female-led companies

Supporting facts:

• She is a founder of a company called Shotlass, similar to Suivo

• Her company recently did their first series round five, six months ago

• There’s a noticeable data gap from seed to series A, series B, C, D, E for female-led companies

• Cannot find a single female-led unicorn in Africa or in emerging markets, as compared to 83 in the U.S.

Topics: Investment, Enterprise, Female entrepreneurship

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The speaker queries the panel on their awareness and actions towards closing the gender-based investment gap

Supporting facts:

• Asks if the panel is aware of the investment gap and if they are interested in closing it

• Queries about specific efforts made to support female founders

• Cites her interaction with fellow founders Yasmin, Gide and Caroline

Topics: Investment, Enterprise, Female entrepreneurship, Investment gap, Gender gap

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Investment is needed in harder markets such as Burundi, Malawi, and Nigeria, as well as smaller countries such as Tonga or Samoa, where digital business models don’t work well

Supporting facts:

• Challenging markets like Burundi, Malawi and Nigeria are mentioned

• Smaller countries such as Tonga and Samoa have less than half a million in population.

• Digital business models do not work well in those kinds of markets

Topics: Investment, Developing Markets, Digital Business Models

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The founder is confused due to different expectations from investors regarding growth and profitability

Supporting facts:

• The founder encountered many investors who focused on growth

• The founder was heavily criticized for focusing on unit economics instead of rapid growth

• The transition to focusing on profitability was sudden with no transition period

Topics: Startups, Investment

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Investors and bankers should clarify their expectations regarding profitability

Supporting facts:

• The founder is seeking clarity on what investors and bankers want in terms of profitability

Topics: Startups, Investment, Profitability

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Bankers base their decisions on data and market performance, but the founder believes the data point towards investing in the MENA region and Africa

Supporting facts:

• Data from the informal sector and microfinance data support the potential of the MENA region and Africa

• The founder wants to understand the decision-making process of investors and bankers

Topics: Investment, Emerging market, Africa, MENA

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Audience is interested in understanding why Venture Capitalists may terminate deals even after signing agreements

Supporting facts:

• Recent events where startups have had investment rounds closed prematurely

• Personal experiences within the logistics and finance space

Topics: Venture Capital, Startups, Finance

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Report

The panel discussion revolved around investment opportunities in Africa, Asia Pacific, and the MENA region, with each speaker highlighting different aspects and concerns. One speaker expressed concern about the investment gap for female-led companies and advocated for more intentional investment in female-founded businesses in Africa and emerging markets.

They highlighted the noticeable data gap from seed to series A,B,C, and D funding rounds for female-led companies, stating that there are no female-led unicorns in Africa or emerging markets compared to 83 in the US. They emphasised the need for investors to view female founders as more than just SME founders and provide sufficient support for their growth.

The speaker, working with the Itrait for Women organisation, is actively involved in advocating for female founders in the Anglophone region. Another speaker focused on the need for investment in harder markets such as Burundi, Malawi, and Nigeria, as well as in smaller countries like Tonga or Samoa where digital business models do not work well.

They discussed the challenges faced in these markets and the potential for investment to create opportunities for decent work and economic growth. A founder highlighted the importance of capital injection for achieving sustainable profitability in startups. They mentioned encountering different expectations from investors regarding growth and profitability.

The founder emphasised that while profitability can be achieved by cutting certain business functions, it may not be sustainable in the long run. They emphasised the need for capital injection during periods of negative profitability for sustainable growth. The potential of the MENA region and Africa for high growth and low default rates was mentioned.

The speakers cited the highest growth rates among all continents and a default rate for financing of less than 1%. The nascent nature of these markets and their high growth potential make them attractive for investment. There was also a discussion on the decision-making process of investors and bankers.

One founder believed that the data points towards investing in the MENA region and Africa, and questioned why bankers may not be fully capitalising on this potential. Lastly, the audience expressed concern about Venture Capitalists terminating deals even after signing agreements.

They sought advice from the speaker to help avoid such pitfalls and ensure the security of the financing process. Overall, the panel discussion shed light on the investment opportunities and challenges in Africa, Asia Pacific, and the MENA region. The need for intentional investment in female-founded businesses, investment in harder markets, and the importance of capital injection for sustainable profitability were among the key takeaways.

The discussion also highlighted the potential of the MENA region and Africa for high growth and low default rates. The audience’s concerns regarding Venture Capitalist termination of deals underscored the need for transparency and security in the financing process.

Report

The session on Secure Assessed Financing for Digital Startups and Fast-Growing Small Businesses in Developing Countries aimed to address the challenges faced by digital startups and SMEs in securing financing. The moderator, Qiu from MEFG Innovation Partners, introduced the session as a panel discussion, emphasizing the need for interactivity.

Qiu invited participants to share their projects and raise questions during the Q&A session. The session began with a discussion on the increasing presence of digital startups in developing countries and the potential of their technology and innovation to address development objectives in those regions.

The main focus of the discussion was the key challenge of securing assets to finance these startups and SMEs. The panel consisted of investors, entrepreneurs, and government officials who provided their insights on the opportunities and obstacles in developing countries and discussed public-private partnerships in facilitating technical assistance and access to finance.

Two venture capital investors were asked about the geographies they actively invest in within emerging markets and the opportunities they see in those regions. The panelists highlighted the potential of digital startups to facilitate local economies and promote financial inclusion.

They recognized the difficulties faced by startups and SMEs in accessing financing and acknowledged the need for innovative solutions. Two startup founders also shared their experiences in building financial solutions for SMEs, focusing on financial inclusion. They discussed the challenges faced by startups and SMEs in accessing finance and highlighted the importance of technology innovation in addressing the credit gap.

The founders discussed how their solutions aimed to tackle the lack of credit information and the difficulties in raising equity. The panelists discussed the alternative avenues startups can consider in challenging markets and provided advice on financing. They emphasized the importance of collaboration between the public and private sectors in addressing the issue of access to financing.

The role of government organizations, such as JICA, in collaborating with digital startups and empowering SMEs through funding and technical collaborations was also highlighted. The session concluded with a Q&A session, during which participants engaged with the panelists and posed further questions.

The panelists expressed their gratitude for the thoughtful questions and encouraged participants to reach out to them for further discussions. Overall, the session provided valuable insights into the challenges faced by digital startups and SMEs in securing financing in developing countries.

It emphasized the opportunities in these regions and the importance of public-private partnerships in addressing the issue. The session aimed to promote knowledge sharing and encourage further dialogue on the topic.

Arguments

Started company FASt to provide financial services to businesses

Supporting facts:

• FAST has changed the way businesses operate, especially due to the pandemic.

Topics: Financial Services, Business Transformation

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FAST has begun to expand across Southeast Asia starting from Singapore

Supporting facts:

• FAST started in Indonesia.

Topics: Business Expansion, Southeast Asia

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FAST has innovatively digitised payment methods

Supporting facts:

• All things that have been done offline have started to shift online due to the pandemic.

Topics: Financial innovation, Mobile Payments

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FAST collaborates with traditional banks

Supporting facts:

• FAST works significantly with the banks, one of which is with MUFG and its subsidiaries in Indonesia.

Topics: Banking, Collaborations

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FAST has provided services to a new type of customer

Supporting facts:

• Online shops and street shops have been paper-based in the past. Now they have smartphones and FAST enabled them to bank and access credits.

Topics: Financial Inclusion, Digital Transformation

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FAST is building a financial system for SMEs in emerging markets

Supporting facts:

• FAST started by building a system that allowed SMEs to work efficiently as digital tools

• They managed to convince almost all banks in Indonesia to work with them

• FAST serves SMEs from various sectors like retail, agriculture, chicken farmers, fish farmers, etc.

• They help SMEs build a data record that banks can trust

• The banks’ revenue has increased significantly after partnering with FAST

Topics: FinTech, SMEs, Finance, Emerging Markets

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Access to financing is still possible for startups and SMEs despite macroeconomic volatility

Supporting facts:

• There are many banks willing to offer debt, although interest rates are high

• The equity venture capital has stepped back, but debt financing is still interested in lending if the business model is sound

Topics: Financing, Startups, SMEs, Macroeconomics

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Use of technology like apps and devices in assessing and enhancing the credit need of businesses

Supporting facts:

• Henda uses the analogy of a runner using apps and devices like Garmin to gauge progress and assess goals.

• Business tools that help companies comprehend their financial standing can make them more credit worthy.

Topics: Technology, Business, Credit Assessment

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Information gathering being a crucial step in understanding credit worthiness

Supporting facts:

• Banks can use the collected data to recognize differences between businesses and evaluate credit standing.

• The first step is for the SME to understand and accumulate data about their financial status.

Topics: Data Gathering, Credit Worthiness

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It’s hard to balance economic growth and profitability at the same time

Supporting facts:

• Historically, we’ve been profitable during the first two years we were bootstrapping. Then we got a very massive global well-known investors, we needed to go to the massive growth, and then coffee strikes.

Topics: Economic growth, Profitability, Venture Capital

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Report

FAST, a financial services company, has made significant changes in how businesses operate amidst the pandemic. It started the FASt company itself, aiming to provide financial services to businesses. FAST has expanded across Southeast Asia, starting from Singapore, reflecting its ambition to reach a wider customer base and support economic growth.

By digitizing payment methods, FAST has innovatively adapted to the online shift caused by the pandemic, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 9. Additionally, FAST collaborates with traditional banks like MUFG in Indonesia, promoting financial inclusion for businesses. Its services have also benefited online and street shops, previously reliant on paper-based transactions, providing them with banking services and access to credit.

FAST’s focus on building a financial system for SMEs in emerging markets helps bridge the data gap between banks and SMEs, improving access to credit and supporting SDGs 8 and 9. Despite macroeconomic volatility, access to financing remains possible for startups and SMEs, emphasizing the importance of exploring multiple avenues for funding.

Caution should be exercised, considering the potential impacts of macroeconomic factors and avoiding over-optimism. FAST utilizes technology in credit assessment, enhancing the creditworthiness of businesses. Information gathering is crucial for understanding creditworthiness, and FAST actively supports this. Innovative approaches like using business platform accounts as collateral and implementing payment systems ensure repayment and increase credit limits, supporting reduced inequalities.

overall, FAST’s commitment to digital transformation in banking and its focus on financial inclusion and innovative financial solutions have positively impacted businesses.

Report

During the conversation, both participants confirm their ability to hear and see each other, establishing clear communication. The speaker acknowledges their visual perception of the other person but notes their limited field of vision, as they are unable to see the audience.

They express gratitude for the help provided. The speaker mentions the arrival of someone, suggesting a new participant joining the conversation. They indicate the need to wait for additional participants before proceeding, possibly planning to call someone outside to notify or invite them to join the ongoing discussion.

The phrases “switch” and “let’s see” imply a potential change in topic or activity, indicating a forthcoming transition in the conversation. The speaker concludes with agreement by affirming “okay.”

Arguments

Ruzgar Barisik is a technology investor.

Supporting facts:

• Ruzgar Barisik is a partner at a firm that he started called Next Billion Ventures.

Topics: Investment, Technology

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Ruzgar focuses on investing in technology and technology-enabled companies across emerging markets.

Supporting facts:

• His specialization is around the digital opportunity, digitalization of the economies in emerging markets.

Topics: Investment, Emerging Markets, Technology

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Ruzgar also works with a Swiss asset manager called Responsibility.

Topics: Investment, Asset Management

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He supports companies that have a high impact on the population including households, women or SMEs.

Topics: Investment, Social Impact

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Ruzgar aims to deliver strong financial returns to investors.

Topics: Investment, Financial Performance

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Ruzgar Barisik focuses investment on Southeast Asia, Middle East Africa, South America – major population centers

Supporting facts:

• Investments are targeted towards local technology companies servicing these populations

• There are a few exclusions like China and Eastern Europe due to preference and specialties of the investors

Topics: investments, emerging markets, population

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Barisik’s investment philosophy is driven by the potential for impact at large scales

Supporting facts:

• Sees more potential for a technology champion originating from Nigeria or Kenya rather than smaller markets like Tanzania or Uganda

• Believes investing in large economies can drive both financial returns and have large-scale impact

Topics: investment strategy, impact investing, emerging markets

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He believes in utilizing digital tools to improve access to finance, markets and essential goods/services

Supporting facts:

• About 50-60% of people’s income in emerging markets is spent on food, clothing, and transportation

• Sees great opportunity in bringing essential services to consumers who lack access in emerging markets

Topics: fintech, access to markets

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As an impact investor, Ruzgar Barisik focuses on delivering both outsized financial returns and positive societal impact

Supporting facts:

• Impact investors have a dual mandate of financial returns and impact

• When screening for investment opportunities, Barisik looks to optimize both commercial opportunities and impact element

Topics: Impact Investing, Financial Returns, Societal Impact

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There is less capital available for startups, especially as they grow and need larger amounts of funding

Supporting facts:

• Most of the capital for fintech, tech and VC in emerging markets comes from abroad

• Funding from abroad has slowed down and reversed

Topics: Startups, Equity raising, Investment

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Developing finance institutions, like JICA, play an important role in these situations

Supporting facts:

• In an environment where capital flows out of emerging markets, DFIs play an enhanced role

Topics: Development finance institutions, Investment, Startups

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Startups have to do more with less funding

Supporting facts:

• Investors are much more focused on sustainability and profitability

• Startups have to prove that what they’re doing is less risky and faster to results in order to attract the scarcer capital

Topics: Startups, Funding, Equity raising

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Ruzgar Barisik emphasizes the need for DFIs and MDBs to take risks and be innovative in challenging markets.

Supporting facts:

• Ruzgar mentions the need for these institutions to be comfortable with taking risks and bringing other investors into the market.

• He highlights the effectiveness of first loss guarantees and the seal of approval in attracting investment.

Topics: Equity, Market Dynamics, DFIs, MDBs, Investment, Risk Management, Innovation

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An increased awareness and interest in female-led businesses and SMEs within investors

Supporting facts:

• They have a female GP and are a gender lens investor

• They’re targeting a large proportion of their investments toward SMEs and women

Topics: Female-led businesses, SMEs, Investment

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Startups must ensure product-market fit not just for their product, but also while approaching investors

Supporting facts:

• Founders must spend time thinking about product-market fit with investors, not just customers

• VC expectations and needs differ and change over time

Topics: Product-Market Fit, Investment, Startups

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Venture Capital may not be suitable for every startup at every stage

Supporting facts:

• Depending on the stage of the startup, VC may not be the best answer

• Startups may need to find other ways to get to the next stage if VC isn’t suitable

Topics: Venture Capital, Startups

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Venture capitalists not wiring money after signing agreements is an incredibly rare occurrence

Supporting facts:

• Contracts are customarily signed before money is wired

• This situation happens 99% of the time

Topics: Venture Capital, Startups, Finance

---

Report

Ruzgar Barisik is a technology investor and partner at Next Billion Ventures. His investment strategy focuses on delivering strong financial returns while supporting companies that have a high impact on populations, such as households, women, and SMEs. Specializing in technology investments, he primarily invests in technology and technology-enabled companies across emerging markets.

Ruzgar’s investment philosophy is driven by the potential for impact at large scales. He believes that digital tools are essential in accessing the next two to three billion consumers and SMEs. As such, he targets his investments towards local technology companies that serve these populations, particularly in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and South America – major population centers.

However, he excludes China and Eastern Europe due to the preferences and specialties of the investors. In addition to his work at Next Billion Ventures, Ruzgar also collaborates with Swiss asset manager Responsibility. He believes that development finance institutions (DFIs) play an important role in attracting more investments.

He emphasizes the need for DFIs to be comfortable with taking risks and bringing other investors into the market. Ruzgar advocates for innovation and the use of first loss guarantees and the seal of approval to attract investment in challenging markets.

When it comes to startups, Ruzgar understands that venture capital may not be suitable for every startup at every stage. He advises startups to ensure product-market fit not only for their product but also when approaching investors. Additionally, he mentions that reputable investors rarely withdraw from agreements after signing contracts.

Through his experience and expertise, Ruzgar highlights the importance of technology-enabled businesses that provide essential goods and services to large populations in a commercially sustainable way. He believes that these business models are key drivers of financial inclusion. He also emphasizes the need for alignment between management teams and investors’ impact mandates to achieve successful execution of business models.

In conclusion, Ruzgar Barisik, a technology investor and partner at Next Billion Ventures, focuses on delivering strong financial returns while supporting companies that have a high impact on populations. His investment strategy centers around technology investments in emerging markets and the potential for impact at large scales.

He emphasizes the use of digital tools to access untapped markets and the role of DFIs in attracting more investments. Ruzgar’s insights shed light on the importance of product-market fit, alignment between management teams and investors, and reputable investors in the startup and investment landscape.

Arguments

MEFG Innovation Partners invests globally in startups with potential for partnership as a banking group.

Supporting facts:

• MEFG Innovation Partners is a corporate venture capital firm under the MEFG banking group.

• They’ve invested in more than 40 companies worldwide in the past five years.

• MEFG is the 7th/8th largest financial group globally in terms of assets under management.

Topics: Investment, Startups, Global Banking

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Investing heavily in Asian markets, with a specific focus on Indonesia and India

Supporting facts:

• Started doing India investment initiatives last year

• Invested in Africa two years ago partnered with MFG

• Asia is a key region for their fund

Topics: Investment, Venture Capital, Emerging Markets

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2020 and 2021 were great years for equity finance, with more access to financing than a decade ago

Supporting facts:

• The equity was cheap in 2020 and 2021

• Financing is more accessible now compared to a decade ago.

Topics: equity finance, startups, investment

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The reduction in mega-round funding is due to a focus on past profitability and sustainability

Supporting facts:

• Unless businesses can show past profitability, financing has been challenging

• The number of mega-rounds of funding over $100 million has drastically dropped

Topics: funding, sustainability, profitability

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Profitability matters now, and closing the gap to profitability can still be outstanding and attractive to investors.

Supporting facts:

• Equity investors may look drastically different at companies that are making a profit, given how common it is to find negative profit companies.

• A focus on productivity and effort can help in closing the profitability gap.

Topics: Profitability, Investment, Startups

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Understanding potential investors and their investment strategies can be beneficial and make interaction more fruitful.

Supporting facts:

• Studying potential investors’ fund sizes, capacities, stages, regions, and countries of operation can make sessions with them more productive.

• A good personal introduction from someone in the network can make a startup more noticeable to an investor.

Topics: Investment Strategy, Startups, Equity, Investor Relations

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Institutional backing can significantly help emerging managers in underrepresented markets.

Supporting facts:

• Emerging managers often face challenge in raising fund due to lack of track record or being first in a specific market.

• Small institutional investment can help in legitimizing these managers and encourage more investments.

Topics: Institutional Investment, Emerging Markets, Venture Capital

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Increasing female participation in venture capital sector is crucial and must be initiated now.

Supporting facts:

• Gender ratio in venture capital sector is far from equal.

• Developing female investors who understand the gap between female founders and smaller emerging markets is important.

Topics: Gender Equality, Venture Capital

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Investors usually have different risk profiles, expectations, and appetites. Founders should do their due diligence, research, and dialogue with potential investors to understand their risk profile and expectations.

Topics: Investment, Risk Profile, Due Diligence

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Startups need equity financing to grow, but endless burning of cash and never achieving profitability is not ideal.

Topics: Startups, Equity Financing, Profitability

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A balance between equity financing for exponential growth and debt financing for stable growth can make a great company. History has shown this.

Topics: Equity Financing, Debt Financing, Growth

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Report

MEFG Innovation Partners is a leading global corporate venture capital firm that focuses on investing in startups with potential for partnership as a banking group. Over the past five years, they have made investments in more than 40 companies worldwide. With assets under management, MEFG is ranked as the 7th or 8th largest financial group globally.

Takashi Sano, the Chief Investment Officer of MEFG Innovation Partners, strongly supports fostering partnerships with startups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on a global scale. He firmly believes in investing in their potential and aims to work together with these companies to achieve mutual growth and success.

MEFG Innovation Partners places heavy emphasis on investing in Asian markets, particularly in Indonesia and India. They recognise the immense potential for growth and development in these regions. Startups and fintech companies are seen as instrumental in addressing the challenges faced in these markets.

They have the ability to provide risk capital and complement the traditional banking groups. By enabling faster movement and innovative solutions, fintech startups can bridge the gaps in the financial industry. However, SMEs and startups in emerging markets continue to face challenges in accessing finance.

The traditional banking sector is often slow-moving and heavily regulated, making it difficult for these businesses to obtain the necessary funding. Additionally, the focus on past profitability and sustainability has led to a reduction in mega-rounds of funding over $100 million.

In discussions about business growth, startups and investors are seen as equal partners. The founders and investors have an equal stake in determining how the business can expand and reach new heights. Seeking equity investments is thus a collaborative process aimed at charting the course for growth.

Institutional backing plays a crucial role in supporting emerging managers operating in underrepresented markets. These managers often face difficulties in raising funds due to their lack of track record or being the first of their kind in a specific market.

Small institutional investments can help legitimise these managers and attract further investments. The gender imbalance in the venture capital sector remains a concern. Increasing female participation is seen as vital to bridge the gap between female founders and smaller emerging markets.

The development of female investors who understand these dynamics is essential for fostering gender equality within the sector. Large institutions are encouraged to take on more risk and invest in emerging markets. By providing stakes in relatively small or emerging markets, these institutions can contribute to the market’s growth and reduce economic inequality.

Understanding potential investors and their investment strategies is crucial for founders seeking financing. Conducting thorough due diligence, research, and dialogue with potential investors can help founders align with investors’ risk profiles and expectations. Lastly, a balanced approach to financing is emphasised.

Equity financing is essential for exponential growth, while debt financing provides stability. Striking a balance between the two can contribute to building a strong and successful company. Overall, MEFG Innovation Partners and Takashi Sano advocate for fostering partnerships, investing in potential, and supporting the growth of startups and SMEs globally.

They recognise the need for collaboration between traditional banking groups, startups, and fintech companies to address challenges and drive sustainable economic growth.

Arguments

M.O.V.E. is an African-born global mobility startup focused on providing financial services to mobility entrepreneurs.

Supporting facts:

• The company launched in Nigeria and has now expanded to seven countries across Africa, Middle East, Asia, and Europe.

Topics: Financial Services, Mobility Startups, Gig Economy, Ride Hailing, Logistics

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Tingting Peng identified a problem in the credit accessibility within the Sub-Saharan Africa, leading to low car ownership and high road fatality rates.

Supporting facts:

• Over 90% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa have never borrowed money due to lack of credit visibility and employment history.

• 1 billion gig workers worldwide, with 20-25% in mobility and half of these don’t have access to financial services

Topics: Credit Accessibility, Sub-Saharan Africa, Car Ownership, Road Fatality

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Through a B2B partnership with Uber, M.O.V.E. underwrites customers that traditional banks are unable to serve, using Uber’s alternate data set.

Supporting facts:

• M.O.V.E. kicked off by addressing Uber’s vehicle supply problem in Nigeria

• The solution is designed to help increase car ownership and reduce road fatalities by increasing access to credit.

Topics: B2B Partnership, Uber, Alternate Data Set, Underwriting, Traditional Banks

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M.O.V.E. started with vehicle finance, but they’ve branched out to other financial services including health and life insurance.

Supporting facts:

• M.O.V.E. helps customers generate sustainable income through vehicle ownership.

Topics: Vehicle Finance, Health and Life Insurance

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Equity investment remains challenging but viable for early-stage startups

Supporting facts:

• Over the recent years, the early-stage ecosystem in Africa and Southeast Asia have been thriving for pre-seed and seed investments.

Topics: Investment, Equity Investment, Startups

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Raising debt can be particularly challenging

Supporting facts:

• Debt financing requires taking a lot of efforts and work to articulate the narrative to potential investors.

Topics: Debt Financing, Startups, Investment

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Business growth is being sustainable in a rising interest rate environment

Supporting facts:

• Maintaining and growing the business involves working with partners and ensuring that the product cost is affordable to customers in the face of increasing input costs and inflation.

Topics: Business, Growth, Interest Rate

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FemTechs can solve the lack of financing in small businesses by leveraging alternate data sources and technology to redefine what looks like a good credit standing.

Supporting facts:

• Move, Tingting Peng’s enterprise, is leveraging technology to look at information related to trips and driver performance data to assess credit worthiness.

• Technology can speed up processes and remove administrative burdens in developed markets.

Topics: FemTech, Financing, Data, Technology

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Awareness of funding gap for female founders

Supporting facts:

• Less than 1% of capital globally goes to female founders

• Tingting Peng is an angel investor who supports female founders

Topics: Funding Gap, Female Founders, Investment, Angel Investment

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Effort to involve female leaders

Supporting facts:

• Tingting Peng tries to encourage female investors and GPs within their investor group

• Over 60% of her team are women

Topics: Female Leadership, Investment, Workplace Diversity

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Communication is crucial in ensuring funds are delivered after contracts are signed

Supporting facts:

• If there’s a potential delay in delivering funds, it’s advisable to communicate during the fundraising course and give a timeline because sometimes VCs need time to call capital from their limited partner

• During fundraising rounds, it’s always a little bit of herding of cats, getting all the signatures done on time

Topics: Business Communication, Fundraising, Investment

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Report

M.O.V.E. is an African-born global mobility startup that aims to provide financial services to mobility entrepreneurs. The company has successfully expanded its operations to seven countries across Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Europe. This expansion highlights the company’s growing influence in the global market.

One of M.O.V.E.’s key focuses is the electrification of transportation. Recognising the importance of moving towards cleaner and more sustainable transportation solutions, M.O.V.E. is investing in the ecosystems required to enable and support the electrification of transportation.

This demonstrates the company’s commitment to creating a greener future. In addition to driving environmental change, M.O.V.E. is also dedicated to promoting gender equality. The company recognises transportation as a key economic driver and believes that facilitating access to financial services for female drivers and entrepreneurs can help empower women and contribute to greater gender equality.

By developing opportunities for female drivers and entrepreneurs to access financial services throughout their mobility journey, M.O.V.E. is actively working towards this goal. The lack of credit accessibility in Sub-Saharan Africa is a significant challenge that M.O.V.E.

is addressing. This issue has resulted in low car ownership levels and high road fatality rates. By partnering with Uber, M.O.V.E. is able to underwrite customers whom traditional banks are unable to serve. This innovative solution not only increases access to credit but also aims to increase car ownership and reduce road fatalities, addressing two critical issues simultaneously.

M.O.V.E. offers a range of financial services, including vehicle finance, health, and life insurance. Their primary focus is to help customers generate sustainable income through vehicle ownership. This approach allows individuals to earn a living through mobility entrepreneurship while also providing them with the necessary financial protection.

The success and viability of M.O.V.E.’s model outside of Nigeria have been demonstrated through their expansion into South Africa, Ghana, Kenya, and even outside of Africa, like in the UK. This highlights the potential applicability of their services in other countries facing similar challenges related to credit invisibility.

The early-stage ecosystem in Africa and Southeast Asia has witnessed significant growth in pre-seed and seed investments in recent years. However, raising debt financing remains a challenging task for startups. This observation underscores the need for further support and innovation in this area to ensure the sustainability and growth of early-stage ventures.

Moreover, M.O.V.E. understands the importance of maintaining affordable prices and sustainable margins in the face of increasing input costs and inflation. By managing their finances and margins sustainably, the company aims to provide affordable vehicles to customers while ensuring their own growth and profitability.

Leveraging technology, M.O.V.E. assesses creditworthiness by looking at information related to trips and driver performance data. This approach allows them to redefine what constitutes good credit standing, addressing the lack of financing in small businesses. It also demonstrates the potential of technology and alternate data sources in solving financial challenges.

While fintech innovation has brought about significant benefits, it is crucial to strike a balance between innovation and customer protection. M.O.V.E. recognises this and strives to implement customer protection mechanisms and ethical product design to prevent debt traps.

This responsible approach ensures the sustainability of their business model and protects customers from falling into financial difficulties. Furthermore, M.O.V.E.’s founder, Tingting Peng, is an angel investor who supports female founders. She is aware of the funding gap that exists for women and believes in giving them equal opportunities to prove themselves.

Tingting also strives to involve more female leaders within the investor group, promoting workplace diversity and gender equality. Effective communication plays a critical role in securing funds after contracts are signed. It is important to maintain open lines of communication and provide updates to investors to ensure the timely delivery of funds.

This ensures smooth fundraising processes and enhances the reputation of investors, which in turn impacts their ability to source future investment opportunities. In conclusion, M.O.V.E. is a global mobility startup that is making significant strides in providing financial services to mobility entrepreneurs across the globe.

Their focus on the electrification of transportation, promotion of gender equality, and addressing credit accessibility challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa showcases their commitment to driving positive change. Through partnerships and a range of financial services, M.O.V.E. is pioneering innovative solutions that empower individuals and create a more sustainable future.

Arguments

The intellectual property system can be leveraged to promote economic development and sustainable development in the digital environment

Supporting facts:

• The WTO is based on a set of multilateral trade agreements, one of them concerning intellectual property, the so-called TRIPS agreement

• The relationship between trade and intellectual property has been transformed by digital technologies

Topics: WTO, TRIPS agreement, digital technologies, Intellectual property

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The creative industries have potential to reach global audiences using digital platforms

Supporting facts:

• The creative industries are thriving around the globe with an increasing focus on the ‘orange economy’

• Digital technologies offer potential for creators to reach global audiences

Topics: creative industries, orange economy, digital platforms

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Antony Taubman points out that digital products often consist of digital IP and intellectual property, making them tradable.

Supporting facts:

• The two specific case studies about the African musicians and environment waste treatment services relied significantly on software applications.

• IP is defined country by country, jurisdiction by jurisdiction, leading to challenges in creating a global marketplace for intangible products.

• Trade agreements attempt to create more connected global marketplace.

Topics: Digital Trade, IP Protection, Software

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Antony Taubman suggests that trust and expectation to pay could become key issues for African musicians and proposes digitization and IP protection as potential solutions.

Supporting facts:

• Digital platforms can significantly influence the sphere of music, both for copyright registration and develop the domestic market.

• Successful IP efforts could repatriate African music and address the challenge of royalty collections.

Topics: Music Industry, African musicians, Copyright

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The session was extremely beneficial and the ideas discussed can be taken forward

Supporting facts:

• The session involved a discussion about the business aspects of intellectual property and its relation to international trade

Topics: Intellectual Property, International Trade

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Report

The session featured discussions on the role of intellectual property (IP) in promoting economic and sustainable development in the digital environment. The speakers highlighted the transformative impact of digital technologies on the trade-IP relationship. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is based on a set of multilateral trade agreements, including the TRIPS agreement, which focuses on IP.

They emphasized the significant influence of digital transformation on this relationship. However, the speakers also identified obstacles limiting development opportunities in the digital space. The digital divide and platform dominance were seen as significant challenges. These factors create disparities and hinder inclusive growth in the digital economy.

Achieving reduced inequalities in the digital sphere was highlighted as a priority. The creative industries were discussed in terms of their potential to reach global audiences through digital platforms. Digital technologies offer creators the ability to expand their markets and connect with global audiences.

The challenges of establishing a global marketplace for intangible products were also highlighted due to differing IP protection laws across countries and jurisdictions. Trade agreements were mentioned as a means to address these challenges and create a more interconnected global marketplace.

The impact of digital platforms on the music industry was explored, focusing on aspects such as copyright registration and the development of the domestic market. Successful IP efforts were seen as key in repatriating African music and addressing royalty collection challenges.

The importance of technical assistance in shaping future practices and directions in the digital economy was emphasized. Technical assistance can help businesses understand the importance of IP protection as they engage in the digital economy. Overall, the session was regarded as highly beneficial, generating ideas for future developments.

Gratitude was expressed towards the speakers and the organizing team. In summary, the session addressed the role of IP in promoting economic and sustainable development in the digital environment. Key topics included the transformative impact of digital technologies, challenges in the digital space, the potential of the creative industries, establishing a global marketplace, the impact of digital platforms on the music industry, and the importance of technical assistance.

Arguments

Singapore is negotiating digital economy agreements with several countries including Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Korea, UK, the EFTA states, and the EU

Supporting facts:

• Singapore currently has four digital economy agreements with five countries and is in the process of negotiating two other agreements with the EFTA states and the EU

Topics: Digital Economy, Trade Agreements

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Uncoordinated government regulations can potentially create trade barriers

Supporting facts:

• As the digital economy evolves, a lot of governments are starting to create regulations around the digital economy which can affect cross-country trade

Topics: Digital Economy, Trade Policies

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Digital trade agreements are pivotal in harmonizing regulatory frameworks, enhancing digital trade, enabling free flow of data and fostering trust in the digital economy

Supporting facts:

• Digital trade agreements are designed to enable the digitalization of paper-based manual processes, ensure the free flow of data across borders, and protect both consumer and business rights

Topics: Digital Trade, Digital Economy, Data, Consumer Rights

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Protection of creator’s rights during cross-border flow of digital goods and services is essential

Supporting facts:

• Important elements include the protection of source code and the use of cipher keys.

• Certain governments might demand release of these trade secrets for doing business, which is something that needs to be prevented.

Topics: Intellectual Property, Digital Trade

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IP protection is a crucial aspect for businesses crossing borders, especially for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)

Supporting facts:

• Reducing barriers for business when they cross borders is a key objective of digital trade.

• However, ensuring IP remains protected during this process is critical.

Topics: Intellectual Property, Digital Trade

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Joyce Lim has learned a lot from the panel, especially about the business aspect of IP and its interaction with international trade

Topics: Intellectual Property, International Trade

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Report

Singapore is actively engaging in negotiations for digital economy agreements with several countries, including Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Korea, the United Kingdom, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) states, and the European Union (EU). These agreements aim to enhance digital trade, enable the free flow of data across borders, and foster trust in the digital economy.

Currently, Singapore has four digital economy agreements with five countries, and they are in the process of negotiating two additional agreements with the EFTA states and the EU. However, a challenge in the digital economy is the lack of coordination between governments in creating regulations.

As the digital economy evolves, governments are starting to implement regulations that can affect cross-country trade. The absence of coordinated efforts in developing these regulations may give rise to trade barriers hindering the growth and development of the digital economy.

To address this issue, digital trade agreements play a pivotal role in harmonising regulatory frameworks. These agreements aim to enable the digitalisation of paper-based manual processes, ensure the free flow of data across borders, and protect consumer and business rights.

By establishing consistent rules and standards, digital trade agreements reduce barriers for businesses operating across borders and foster trust in the digital economy by providing secure and reliable frameworks for data exchange. Protecting intellectual property (IP) is another crucial aspect of digital trade.

It is essential to safeguard the rights of creators during the cross-border flow of digital goods and services. Elements such as the protection of source code and the use of cipher keys are vital for preserving the integrity of trade secrets.

Demands from governments for the release of these trade secrets pose a potential threat to IP protection, and measures must be taken to prevent such demands. IP protection is particularly important for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) engaging in cross-border business activities.

Reducing barriers for these enterprises is a key objective of digital trade, and ensuring the protection of their intellectual property is critical for their growth and competitiveness. Educating companies about IP protection in the digital economy is crucial. This area is of interest to both IP and trade policymakers.

By raising awareness and providing guidance on IP protection, companies can navigate the digital economy with greater confidence, ensuring the security and value of their intellectual property assets. Joyce Lim, who supports the negotiation of digital trade agreements, appreciates the insights gained from a panel discussion on the business aspect of IP and its interaction with international trade.

Her support stems from the recognition that digital trade agreements are essential in enhancing digital trade, liberating the flow of data, and building trust in the digital economy. Overall, the negotiation of digital economy agreements plays a vital role in advancing the digital economy.

By harmonising regulatory frameworks, protecting intellectual property, and educating businesses, these agreements create an environment conducive to digital trade and innovation. Through these efforts, Singapore and other countries seek to foster economic growth and strengthen partnerships in the digital era.

Arguments

Copyright is a critical element of industrial development.

Supporting facts:

• Copyright industries account for an expanding share of the global economy and a significant component of the digital economy.

• In the US, the copyright sector is bigger than the manufacturing sector, earning and employing more.

• Earnings from the digital economy is largely attributed to the copyright sector.

Topics: intellectual property, industrial development, copyright sector

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The creative economy is a sizable component of the global economy now.

Supporting facts:

• The creative economy is estimated to be worth somewhere between 8% and almost 12% of global GDP.

• Platforms largely depend on creative content.

Topics: creative economy, global GDP, creative content

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Low-income countries are dependent on exporting to middle-income countries.

Supporting facts:

• Approximately 84% of exports from low-income countries go to middle-income countries.

• Low-income countries are largely dependent on exporting within their own regions to the middle-income countries.

Topics: low-income countries, export economy

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There is a large value gap in the creative industry due to the genre gap.

Supporting facts:

• Only 8% is being earned by creators in the platform economy.

• Developing countries suffer because their domestic markets are not strong enough to generate purchasing power, and the overseas markets may not be attuned to their genres.

Topics: creative industry, value gap, genre gap

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Government should better understand and invest in creative industries

Supporting facts:

• Creative industries are largely underfunded in developing countries

• Commercialization of intellectual property and financing creative industries is not well developed in developing countries

• Government institutions spend more on low-return physical infrastructures like ports instead of investing in creative sectors.

Topics: Creative Industries, Government Funding, Intellectual Property

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Artists need to understand and use modern technologies like blockchain, AI, and e-commerce

Supporting facts:

• Training artists and creative entrepreneurs in the digital era is important.

• Many developing countries lack understanding and exposure to emerging technologies like blockchain and AI

Topics: Digitalization, Training, Creative Industries, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain

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Report

The analysis provides an in-depth examination of various aspects related to copyright industries and the creative economy in the context of global development. The copyright sector is found to be a significant contributor to the global economy, with the United States’ copyright sector even surpassing the manufacturing sector in terms of earnings and employment.

This highlights the increasing importance of copyright industries in driving economic growth and creating employment opportunities. Similarly, the creative economy is acknowledged as a substantial component of global GDP, estimated to be worth around 8% to almost 12%. It is emphasised that platforms heavily rely on creative content, highlighting the pivotal role of the creative industry in sustaining and driving the digital economy.

On the other hand, the analysis sheds light on the challenges faced by low-income countries in their economic development. It is highlighted that these countries heavily rely on exporting to middle-income countries. Approximately 84% of exports from low-income countries are directed towards middle-income countries.

This dependency on neighbouring economies for trade creates a potential vulnerability, as the performance of their own domestic markets might not be sufficient to generate purchasing power, and overseas markets might not be well-aligned with the genres or products they bring forth.

Moreover, the analysis brings attention to the existence of a significant value gap in the creative industry, primarily resulting from the genre gap. Only 8% of earnings in the platform economy are received by creators, which poses a challenge, particularly for developing countries.

It is indicated that their domestic markets might lack the strength to generate purchasing power, while overseas markets might not appreciate or align with their unique genres. This disparity leaves many creators from developing countries at a disadvantage, preventing them from benefiting fully from their creative works.

Another significant aspect highlighted in the analysis is the underfunding faced by creative industries in developing countries. It is noted that government institutions tend to allocate more resources towards low-return physical infrastructures, such as ports, rather than investing in the growth and development of creative sectors.

This underinvestment hampers the potential of creative industries to contribute to economic growth and employment generation, further limiting their impact and potential. The analysis also emphasises the urgent need for artists and creative entrepreneurs in developing countries to understand and leverage modern technologies, such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and e-commerce.

It is mentioned that many artists face a lack of understanding and exposure to emerging technologies, which can hinder their ability to adapt and thrive in the digital era. By embracing and utilising these technologies effectively, artists can access new opportunities, expand their reach, and create innovative business models.

Lastly, the analysis suggests that the registration of artists with local copyright societies can play a crucial role in redirecting income to the country of origin. Currently, many artists register with copyright societies in developed countries, resulting in a loss of income for their home countries.

As an example, various globally recognised artists from countries like Jamaica are registered with copyright societies in the United States or Europe, leading to a loss of revenue that could benefit their home countries. By encouraging artists to register with local copyright societies, governments can ensure that income generated from their creative works returns to their country of origin, fostering economic growth and reducing inequality.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the significant contribution of copyright industries and the creative economy to global development. It emphasises the need for policymakers and governments to better understand and invest in the creative industries, address the value gap and genre gap that hinder development in the creative industry, and empower artists with modern technologies.

Furthermore, it underlines the importance of redirecting income to the country of origin through local copyright societies to support economic growth and reduce inequalities in low-income countries.

Arguments

Greenplatt is a startup specialized in waste management

Supporting facts:

• One of their clients is Arcos Dorados, the McDonald’s restaurants franchise in Latin America

• More than 8,000 collections each month in Brazil are controlled through their platform

Topics: Waste management, Digital Economy, Software, Brazil

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Intellectual property is a major concern for Greenplatt

Supporting facts:

• All clients sign a licensing agreement which protects Greenplatt’s software and clients’ data

Topics: Technology, Software, Intellectual Property

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Marcela Nectoux appreciated the time spent in the discussion

Topics: Discussion, Learning

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Report

Greenplatt is an innovative startup that specializes in waste management. With a positive sentiment, Greenplatt aims to bring transparency to the waste management sector. Their software plays a crucial role in achieving this goal by consolidating all environmental information related to waste management.

This allows for efficient tracking and monitoring of waste collections. Moreover, Greenplatt ensures the security of transactions and data on their platform, providing a minimum level of guarantees to clients. One notable client of Greenplatt is Arcos Dorados, the McDonald’s franchise in Latin America.

This partnership highlights the trust placed in Greenplatt’s services and the effectiveness of their waste management solutions. With more than 8,000 collections being controlled through their platform in Brazil alone each month, Greenplatt’s impact on responsible consumption and production, as outlined in SDG 12, is substantial.

However, Greenplatt faces challenges when expanding into international markets due to variations in jurisdiction and environmental laws. Each state in Brazil, for example, has its own set of regulations. Despite these challenges, Greenplatt is determined to broaden its reach and is expanding its operations to Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, and Chile.

This indicates their commitment to addressing waste management issues beyond regional boundaries. Furthermore, intellectual property is a major concern for Greenplatt. To safeguard their software and clients’ data, all clients are required to sign a licensing agreement. This ensures the protection of Greenplatt’s innovative technology in the waste management sector.

Additionally, a panel discussion proved to be a valuable learning experience for Marcela Nectoux, who gained insights into various aspects including environmental considerations, data protection, and intellectual property legislation. Marcela Nectoux expressed a positive sentiment about the discussion, suggesting that it was both informative and engaging.

In conclusion, Greenplatt’s mission to promote responsible consumption and production aligns with SDG 12. Their efforts to bring transparency to the waste management sector through innovative software benefit clients like Arcos Dorados. While they face challenges expanding into international markets, Greenplatt’s determination and expansion plans demonstrate their commitment to addressing waste management issues globally.

With a strong focus on protecting intellectual property, Greenplatt ensures the security and integrity of its software and clients’ data. Overall, Greenplatt’s positive sentiment, commitment to transparency and responsible waste management, and contribution to SDG 12 make them a notable player in the industry.

Arguments

Budunda is a music service focused on the African continent with a mission to promote both accessible music and better rewards for musicians.

Supporting facts:

• Budunda started out in Kenya about 12 years ago.

• Today, their biggest markets are Nigeria and Tanzania.

Topics: Music, Africa, Budunda

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A significant problem in the African music market is piracy, and a significant characteristic is the high consumption of local music.

Supporting facts:

• In Africa, more than 50% of the music consumed is local.

• 80% across all their markets is from Africa.

Topics: Music, Africa, Piracy

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Music rights in Africa are primarily held by the artists themselves, which creates both opportunities and challenges.

Supporting facts:

• Globally, majority of the music rights is owned by the three biggest major record labels.

• In Africa, majority of the music is owned by the artists themselves.

Topics: Music, Africa, Music Rights

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Budunda is a self-serve platform, enabling artists to upload and manage their content directly.

Supporting facts:

• Budunda works with 150,000 African artists.

• The service allows artists to control their content.

Topics: Music, Africa, Music Rights, Budunda

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Their business model is not yet financially sustainable, but they aim to be by 2025 while riding on the ongoing popularity of African music and Afrobeats

Supporting facts:

• They’re a public-listed company in Denmark and currently not a financially sustainable business

• They’re experiencing a wave of popularity they could not have predicted when they started

• Their numbers are publicly available

Topics: Business model, Financial sustainability, African music, Afrobeats

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Innovation in the music streaming service often starts as an unlicensed service

Supporting facts:

• Spotify, YouTube, and TikTok started as unlicensed services until they gained traction

• Market factors often break the norm, attracting users more than rights holders

• Rights holders typically come to services after they’ve established some sense of success

Topics: Music streaming service, Innovation, Copyrights

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Lack of expertise and funding are challenges for musicians in Africa

Supporting facts:

• There is a lack of maturity in local societies and rights holders, who often lack the expertise of their counterparts in the developed world

• Lack of volume affects the economics of the local associations, leading to higher costs

Topics: IP, Music industry, Developing countries, Trade agreements

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Report

Budunda is a music service that was founded in Kenya approximately 12 years ago. Its main focus is to promote accessible music and improve the rewards for African musicians. While the service initially started in Kenya, it has now expanded its presence and its biggest markets are Nigeria and Tanzania.

Budunda works closely with around 150,000 African artists, offering them a self-serve platform that allows them to directly upload and manage their music content. Piracy remains a significant issue in the African music market. Nevertheless, more than 50% of music consumed in Africa is local, and within all markets served by Budunda, 80% of the music listened to is from Africa.

This highlights the vibrant and diverse musical landscape of the region. One interesting aspect of the African music industry is that music rights are primarily owned by the artists themselves. This diverges from the global trend where major record labels generally hold the majority of music rights.

The ownership of music rights by artists in Africa presents both opportunities and challenges, as it empowers artists but also requires infrastructure to ensure fair compensation for their work. Although Budunda’s current business model is not yet financially sustainable, the company has set ambitious goals to achieve financial sustainability by 2025.

They plan to capitalize on the ongoing popularity of African music, particularly Afrobeats, in order to attract a larger user base and generate more revenue. As a publicly listed company in Denmark, Budunda’s financial numbers are transparent and available for public scrutiny.

In the music streaming industry, innovation often starts with unlicensed services that gain popularity before rights holders become involved. Spotify, YouTube, and TikTok are examples of services that initially operated without licenses before establishing partnerships with rights holders. This pattern underscores the importance of striking a balance between market appeal and responsible copyright practices.

Enforcing copyright laws in emerging markets presents a significant challenge, and there is a lack of effective alternative solutions to combat piracy. While copyright laws exist, enforcement can be difficult in many emerging markets, posing a significant obstacle to protecting the rights and interests of artists and the music industry as a whole.

Artists face a dilemma when choosing between joining global associations or local associations. While global associations may be more effective at collecting rights, opting for local associations can contribute to the growth of the local music ecosystem. However, this choice is complex due to the industry’s instability and artists’ personal survival considerations.

The lack of expertise and funding severely affects musicians in Africa. Local associations often lack the maturity and resources of their counterparts in developed countries, which limits their ability to effectively support rights owners. To better serve artists and rights owners in Africa, it is crucial for local associations to build expertise and achieve economies of scale.

In conclusion, Budunda’s mission to promote accessible music and improve rewards for African musicians aligns with the vibrant musical landscape of the continent. Despite the challenges posed by piracy, the high consumption of local music emphasizes the strong demand for African artists.

The ownership of music rights by artists presents both opportunities and challenges. Budunda’s self-serve platform empowers artists and aims to achieve financial sustainability by leveraging the popularity of African music. However, the music industry faces difficulties in enforcing copyright laws and providing effective solutions to combat piracy.

The dilemma of choosing between global and local associations further complicates the growth of the local music ecosystem. The lack of expertise and funding are significant constraints for musicians in Africa, and it is crucial for local associations to develop scale and expertise to better support rights owners.