Uncategorized

Arguments

Maricá is implementing social policies based on technologies and institutional arrangements around the concept of solidarity economy

Supporting facts:

• Maricá is located in front of the biggest oil wells in Brazil

• The city receives high amounts of oil and gas royalties

• The city implemented social policies such as the public transport company providing universal free public transport, the citizenship basic income program, and the social currency Mumbuka

Topics: Solidarity economy, Social policies, Municipality of Maricá

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Maricá is experiencing a trend of economic growth and improvement in social conditions

Supporting facts:

• Between 2014 and 2021, the municipal tax revenue, without oil royalties, grew by almost 200%

• The number of formal jobs went from almost 9,000 in 2006 to more than 27,000 in 2021

• Through household surveys, they identified a reduction in poverty measured by the multidimensional poverty index (MPI)

Topics: Economic growth, Social conditions, Public services

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Vision for decolonial digital future involves a public project centered on local needs and people

Topics: Decolonial digital future, Technology, Public project, Local needs

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Report

Maricá, a city in Brazil, is actively implementing social policies rooted in the concept of solidarity economy. These policies aim to foster community, fairness, and inclusivity. The city has introduced initiatives such as universal free public transport, a basic income program, and a social currency system called Mumbuka.

Maricá’s strong economic growth is supported by significant oil and gas royalties. Situated near Brazil’s largest oil wells, the city benefits financially. Between 2014 and 2021, municipal tax revenue, excluding oil royalties, grew by almost 200%. This increase in revenue has allowed the city to invest in various sectors and projects.

The socio-economic landscape of Maricá has improved over the years. Formal job opportunities have increased from around 9,000 in 2006 to over 27,000 in 2021. This positive trend aligns with economic development and has reduced poverty as measured by the multidimensional poverty index. Maricá has a visionary plan for a decolonial digital future.

The plan emphasizes a public project that addresses local needs and aspirations. By focusing on marginalized populations in Maricá and Brazil, the aim is to bridge the technological gap and ensure inclusivity for all. Maricá serves as an example of how social policies, economic growth, and technological advancements intersect to create an inclusive and prosperous society.

It prioritizes solidarity economy principles and benefits from substantial oil and gas royalties. Through initiatives like universal free public transport, a basic income program, and a social currency system, Maricá is actively working towards reducing inequalities and improving the well-being of its residents.

Arguments

Fintech platforms like M-Pesa and Time Bank, while successful, may potentially cause detrimental impacts on African economies and societies

Supporting facts:

• Studies suggest that M-Pesa’s impact is less positive than thought, with problems including increased household debt and massive dividend flows to the UK

• Time Bank’s entry into the digital microcredit field has resulted in shifting local demand causing problems for local establishments and exacerbating household over indebtedness

Topics: Fintech, M-Pesa, Time Bank, Digital Colonialism

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Mumbuka Bank facilitates payments, loans, savings, and money transfer

Supporting facts:

• Mumbuka Bank is a publicly community-owned fintech platform

• It issues a digital currency, the Mumbuka, tied to the Brazilian real

Topics: Mumbuka Bank, Maricá, Digital Currency

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Investor driven fintech platforms have potential to exacerbate problems

Supporting facts:

• Over-indebtedness problem created in Kenya

• Massive over-indebtedness problem created by microfinance institutions

Topics: Microfinance, Investor driven fintech, Over-indebtedness

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The digital colonial model is based on exploiting technology, not labor

Supporting facts:

• The digital colonial model hardly needs any labor

• Most of the manipulation of the data in this model is done back home

Topics: Digital Colonialism, Natural Resources Extraction, Labor Exploitation

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A huge amount of value is created by switching over to finance as a digitalized service

Supporting facts:

• Most of the manipulation of the data is done in the areas like Silicon Valley or London or Frankfurt, Shanghai or Beijing

Topics: Digital Finance, Economic Value

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Countries could build their own locally based fintech platforms and reinvest the generated value

Supporting facts:

• The complexity of the technology is not a barrier

• The huge amount of value liberated can be reinvested into building economies

Topics: Decentralization, Fintech, Economic Development

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Report

Fintech platforms like M-Pesa and Time Bank, while successful, may potentially have detrimental impacts on African economies and societies. Studies suggest that M-Pesa’s impact is less positive than originally thought, with problems including increased household debt and massive dividend flows to the UK.

Similarly, Time Bank’s entry into the digital microcredit field has resulted in shifting local demand, causing problems for local establishments and exacerbating household over-indebtedness. One of the main concerns raised is the concept of “Digital Colonialism.” Investor-led fintech platforms may constitute a form of ‘Digital Colonialism’ and may undermine the progress toward sustainable development in Africa.

These platforms are designed to benefit the investors and the countries that own these fintechs. Former natural resource-driven colonialism and current fintech platforms show similarities in terms of profit generation, highlighting potential exploitation of African economies. Nevertheless, there are positive examples such as Mumbuka Bank, a publicly community-owned fintech platform.

It issues a digital currency tied to the Brazilian real and facilitates payments, loans, savings, and money transfer. Unlike profit-focused fintech platforms, Mumbuka Bank aims to support local citizens and develop the local economy. Its stronger understanding of local communities allows for better identification of potential businesses for support.

Another concern is the failure of brick and mortar microfinance due to commercialization, deregularization, and penetration by investors seeking high returns. The investor-driven fintech platform is on a similar trajectory, resulting in problems caused by over-indebtedness. Furthermore, microfinance institutions have created a massive over-indebtedness problem in Kenya.

These issues highlight the potential for investor-driven fintech platforms to exacerbate problems. The digital colonial model is based on exploiting technology, rather than labor. It allows foreign investors to take the majority of the value generated, under the cover of helping the poor.

This model hardly requires any local labor, and foreign investors are usually from major economic centres like Silicon Valley or London. Exploiting technology rather than labor raises questions about who truly benefits from the value created through fintech platforms in Africa.

However, the value generated by adopting finance as a digitalized service can be used as a public service for rebuilding or building up countries. Similar to education and health being considered public services in many countries, digital finance has the potential to become a public service.

Using the value generated for the development of countries helps not only in resolving poverty but also in building a stronger economy. To address the potential negative consequences and ensure a more equitable distribution of benefits, it is suggested that countries build their own locally based fintech platforms and reinvest the generated value.

This allows African countries to have greater control over their financial systems and direct the generated value towards their own economic development. Finally, the Maricá model and cooperative fintech platforms are presented as alternatives to the digital colonial model. These models are currently under consideration and review.

Choosing these alternatives may prevent taking the wrong path and facing negative consequences. In conclusion, while fintech platforms have shown success, there are concerns regarding their potentially detrimental impacts on African economies and societies. The concept of digital colonialism is a significant point of concern, and investor-led fintech platforms may undermine sustainable development.

However, examples like Mumbuka Bank offer a positive alternative. It is important to consider the potential long-term effects and explore alternative models like the Maricá model and cooperative fintech platforms to ensure more equitable and sustainable development in Africa.

Arguments

Predatory lending and over-indebtedness are among the challenges of fintech

Supporting facts:

• The use of ‘pay now, buy later’ applications can lead to over-indebtedness

• Predatory lending practices prevalent in the sector

Topics: fintech, debt, lending

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Fintech companies engage in aggressive data gathering for profit-making services

Supporting facts:

• Data from social media and other sources used for credit scoring

• Driving behavior used to calculate insurance premiums

Topics: fintech, data privacy, big data

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There is a lack of public fintech infrastructure

Supporting facts:

• Even the proposals for central bank digital currencies are distributed through banks rather than public infrastructure

Topics: fintech, public infrastructure

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Environmental impacts of fintech are often ignored

Supporting facts:

• Huge amount of servers required for cloud services

• Fintech encourages easy consumption and investment, contrasting the slow decision-making required for sustainable finance

Topics: fintech, environment

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Need for increased intervention by authorities in fintech applications

Supporting facts:

• Over-Indebtedness and fraud occurring even in higher income countries due to fintech applications

• Difficulty for the authorities to understand and manage the consequences of fintech applications

Topics: Fintech, Digital colonialism, Governance

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Report

The challenges of fintech are multi-faceted and encompass various areas. One challenge is the prevalence of predatory lending and over-indebtedness. The use of ‘pay now, buy later’ applications can lead to individuals accumulating excessive debt. Moreover, predatory lending practices are prevalent in the fintech sector, exacerbating the over-indebtedness issue.

This negative sentiment is reinforced by the evidence provided. Another challenge highlighted in the analysis is the aggressive data gathering by fintech companies for profit-making services. Data from social media and other sources are used for credit scoring, and driving behavior is used to calculate insurance premiums.

This raises concerns about potential privacy breaches and the exploitation of personal information. Furthermore, the lack of public fintech infrastructure is seen as problematic. Even proposals for central bank digital currencies are distributed through banks rather than public infrastructure. This suggests that the accessibility and inclusivity of fintech services might be hindered by this lack of public infrastructure.

Environmental impacts stemming from fintech are another concern. The massive amount of servers required for cloud services has environmental consequences, such as energy consumption and carbon emissions. Additionally, fintech often encourages easy consumption and investment, which contrasts with the slow decision-making required for sustainable finance.

These findings suggest that the environmental impacts of fintech are often disregarded. The analysis also posits that more cross-border and cross-sector cooperation is needed to address the challenges of fintech. Many countries lack the capacity to regulate fintech adequately, necessitating collaborative efforts to establish effective regulations and supervision.

In addition, the analysis highlights the importance of democratic scrutiny and public awareness regarding fintech services. It argues that there is a need for increased intervention by authorities in fintech applications. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity of raising public awareness and facilitating democratic discussions on the impacts of fintech.

This would enable individuals to voice their concerns to policymakers. On a positive note, the analysis suggests that it is possible to avoid being dominated by big tech or fintech applications. European laws are given as an example of interventions in fintech that have been successful in preventing dominance and promoting a more balanced landscape.

In conclusion, the challenges of fintech include issues related to predatory lending, aggressive data gathering, a lack of public infrastructure, and the often disregarded environmental impacts. The analysis highlights the need for cross-border cooperation, democratic scrutiny, and public awareness to address these challenges.

Despite the concerns, the possibility of avoiding dominance by big tech or fintech applications is suggested.

Arguments

The dominant fintech platform model is a problem

Supporting facts:

• Milford’s presentation pointed out the harmful effects of fintech platform models contributing to over-indebtedness and profit-seeking behavior

• The Maricar model is pointed out as a potential alternative to this

Topics: Fintech, Digital colonialism

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Report

During the analysis, two significant issues were discussed by the speakers. Firstly, they highlighted the detrimental effects of the dominant fintech platform model. It was extensively discussed how this model contributes to over-indebtedness and profit-seeking behavior. Milford’s presentation specifically pointed out the harmful consequences associated with this fintech model.

The presentation also proposed the Maricar model as a potential alternative to address these issues and provide a more sustainable approach. The speakers also emphasized the need for a decolonial digital future. Nandini’s thought-provoking question, “what does a decolonial digital future look like?” shed light on the necessity of changing the current digital space.

The analysis underlined concerns about ongoing digital colonialism, highlighting the urgency to address this phenomenon and create a more equitable digital landscape. Overall, the analysis brought attention to the negative impact of the dominant fintech platform model, which leads to over-indebtedness and profit-seeking behavior.

The Maricar model was proposed as a potential solution to these issues. Additionally, there was a strong call for a decolonial digital future, signifying the importance of transforming the current digital space to combat digital colonialism. This analysis provides valuable insights into these pressing issues and sets a foundation for further discussions and actions towards creating a more inclusive and equitable digital environment.

Arguments

Africa is embracing e-commerce.

Supporting facts:

• In 2022, Africa generated close to 33 billion U.S. dollars of revenue in e-commerce

• It has 631+ online market places as of 2020

Topics: digital economy, e-commerce, African economy

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There is an uneven terrain in African e-commerce

Supporting facts:

• Only ten countries are responsible for 94% of all businesses online

• Five countries account for 78% of the total e-commerce traffic

• Very few countries have the largest concentration of e-commerce platforms

Topics: e-commerce, economic disparity

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Africa needs to establish home-grown data centers

Supporting facts:

• Africa counts only for only 1% of global data centers

• Of the 1% of data centers, two thirds are in one country, South Africa

Topics: data management, digital infrastructure

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Policy space and self-sufficient infrastructure is necessary for African digital economy

Supporting facts:

• UNTACD says improving internet infrastructure can increase digital services over 70 billion

Topics: Afro-centered data centers, policy space, broadband connectivity, digital payment systems

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Africa faces significant challenges in achieving beneficial participation in e-commerce due to structural and capacity issues

Supporting facts:

• Rapid e-trade assessment studies identifies number of gaps, in terms of infrastructure and readiness, confronting African countries in e-commerce

• 17% of drops in Kenya, considered an African giant in e-commerce, are mis-deliveries due to lack of proper addressing system

• 58% deliveries in Kenya are delayed and 25% are not delivered at all due to inability to locate customers

Topics: e-commerce, African economy, trade, infrastructure

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Report

The e-commerce industry in Africa is experiencing both positive and negative trends. On the positive side, Africa has generated close to $33 billion in e-commerce revenue in 2022, indicating the growing acceptance of online marketplaces in the region. As of 2020, Africa has a significant number of online marketplaces, with over 631 platforms recorded.

However, there are challenges that need to be addressed. Africa accounts for only 1% of global data centers, with the majority located in South Africa. To support data management and boost digital infrastructure, efforts should be made to establish more home-grown data centers across the continent.

Improving internet infrastructure is essential in driving the African digital economy, with the potential to increase digital services by over 70 billion. Therefore, Africa needs to focus on enhancing policy space and developing self-sufficient infrastructure to shape its own responsive data governance and e-commerce policies.

The African e-commerce landscape is characterized by an uneven playing field, with only ten countries responsible for a significant portion of businesses online. Additionally, there are structural and capacity issues that hinder e-commerce growth, such as mis-deliveries and delays due to addressing system limitations.

It is crucial for Africa to evaluate the effectiveness of current negotiations and rules in addressing the specific challenges faced in e-commerce. Agreements like the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA) and the Joint Statement Initiative (JSI) require careful consideration to address capacity gaps and competitiveness challenges.

In summary, Africa’s e-commerce industry shows promise, but there are challenges to overcome. Establishing home-grown data centers, improving internet infrastructure, and fostering an inclusive e-commerce ecosystem are key steps to fully leverage the opportunities in the digital economy.

Arguments

International multilateral framework should be on pause until Africa’s digital protocol is properly negotiated

Supporting facts:

• One size does not fit all, each country in Africa has its own peculiarities

• Current problems include lack of data localization, tax issues, and low trust in African consumables

Topics: Digital protocol, International multilateral framework, Africa’s unique conditions

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Africa lacks its own consumables and trust in them

Supporting facts:

• Dr. Afrika mentioned the lack of Africa’s own consumables and the associated trust deficit

Topics: Africa consumption, Trust

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Tax issues and data localization are the major problems

Supporting facts:

• Speakers mentioned problems with tax and data localization

Topics: Tax, Data localization

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Inclusion paradigm may lead to exploitation

Supporting facts:

• The commentator brings up One Goal Initiative for governance as an area of concern.

Topics: Inclusion, Exploitation, Governance

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Leveraging and building on digital products such as Afrobeats to overcome challenges and take advantage in the digital economy

Supporting facts:

• Afrobeats from West Africa, particularly Nigeria, as a digital product

• Need to go beyond consumption to creating and producing digital products

Topics: Digital Economy, Afrobeats, Production, Consumption

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Need for scrutiny in the financing of the AFCFTA

Supporting facts:

• The audience expresses a concern on who is financing the work of the AFCFTA

Topics: AFCFTA, Finance

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Concerned about the digital protocol in Africa

Supporting facts:

• The speaker mentions that there is still a lot to do concerning the digital protocol in Africa

Topics: Digital Protocol, Africa

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Dialogue between the trade sector and the financial services sector is necessary for inclusive digital trade

Supporting facts:

• Financial services regulators manage risk to the financial system which can stifle innovation and digital trade

• Risk of digitalizing trade and payment services without convergence.

Topics: Inclusive Digital Trade, Financial Services, Trade Sector, Digital Payment Services

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Report

During the discussion, several concerns and challenges regarding Africa’s digital protocol and the implementation of international multilateral frameworks were addressed. The speakers emphasised that a one-size-fits-all approach does not work for Africa, as each country on the continent has its own unique circumstances.

This highlights the need for a tailored approach to address the specific challenges faced by each country in Africa. One of the significant problems discussed was the lack of data localisation in Africa. This refers to the storing and processing of data within a country’s borders.

The speakers pointed out that without proper data localisation, there are risks of data sovereignty and privacy breaches. Additionally, tax issues emerged as a challenge, with speakers highlighting the difficulties in regulating and taxing digital transactions in Africa. This poses a barrier to effectively benefiting from the digital economy.

Another important concern that was raised is the low trust in African consumables. It was noted that building trust in African products is crucial for their successful integration into the international market. To address this, it was suggested that Africa should focus on building and leveraging its unique digital products, such as Afrobeats, to overcome challenges and take advantage of opportunities in the digital economy.

The audience also expressed concerns about the financing of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA), questioning who is funding the work of the AFCFTA. This indicates the need for increased scrutiny and transparency in the financing process to ensure the successful implementation of the AFCFTA.

A noteworthy observation from the discussion was the caution against the exploitation of Africa’s own people. The speakers stressed the importance of avoiding exploitation and ensuring that the digital economy is inclusive and benefits all individuals in Africa. Furthermore, the influence of big tech and platforms in Africa was regarded with wariness.

The speakers highlighted the need to be cautious and ensure that Africa maintains its own autonomy and control in the digital space. In terms of inclusive digital trade, dialogue between the trade sector and the financial services sector was seen as essential.

This would foster cooperation and collaboration to manage risks, facilitate innovation, and enhance digital trade within Africa. The integration between national payment systems and digital intermediation platforms emerged as a key aspect for successful digital trade. It was highlighted that instant payment receipts are crucial in digital trade, and an enabling environment can support this integration.

In conclusion, the speakers discussed the need for a tailored approach to address the challenges faced in Africa’s digital protocol and the implementation of international multilateral frameworks. They emphasised the importance of data localisation, resolving tax issues, building trust in African products, financing the AFCFTA transparently, avoiding exploitation, and being cautious of the influence of big tech.

Dialogue between the trade and financial services sectors, as well as integration between payment systems and digital platforms, were considered crucial for inclusive digital trade. The IMF and UNCTAD were proposed as facilitators of meetings and dialogues to support digital trade facilitation.

Arguments

Africa is latecomer in the digitalization process

Supporting facts:

• Progress has been made in regards to Internet penetration in Africa from 36% in 2014 to 53% in 2020

• Usage gap has widened in Africa

• Only 28 African countries have consumer protection laws for fostering e-commerce

Topics: digital divide, digital transformation, internet penetration

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Digital divide exists within Africa

Supporting facts:

• The divide exists among different categories of people

• Digital divide among women is also widening

Topics: digital transformation, digital divide, accessibility

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Africa lacks required policies for digital transformation

Supporting facts:

• Only 33 African countries have adopted e-transaction laws

• In many countries, Data Protection Policies were only passed recently

Topics: Digital Policy, E-commerce

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Lack of funding is a barrier to digital transformation

Supporting facts:

• Budget allocation to ICT Development is very little in Uganda

• Africa should fund its own digital infrastructure rather than relying on the West

Topics: Digital funding, ICT, Digital infrastructure

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New ways of thinking are required to address challenges related to competition, intellectual property, taxation, industrial policy, privacy, cyber security, labor market

Supporting facts:

• We need to change our approach towards these aspects in order to achieve structural transformation

Topics: competition, intellectual property, taxation, industrial policy, privacy, cyber security, labor market

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Report

The analysis highlights several key points regarding the digital landscape in Africa. Firstly, there has been progress in terms of Internet penetration, with the percentage rising from 36% in 2014 to 53% in 2020. However, despite this positive development, there remains a usage gap in Africa.

Furthermore, it is concerning that only 28 African countries have consumer protection laws in place to foster e-commerce, indicating a lack of adequate safeguards for online transactions. Secondly, the analysis points out the existence of a digital divide within Africa. This divide manifests in disparities among different categories of people, and in particular, a widening gap among women.

This suggests that certain segments of the population are being left behind in the digitalization process, potentially exacerbating existing inequalities. Another key finding is the lack of necessary policies for digital transformation in Africa. Only 33 out of all African countries have adopted e-transaction laws, signifying a limited legal framework to facilitate digital transactions.

Additionally, data protection policies were only recently passed in many countries, implying a lag in implementing measures to safeguard the privacy and security of digital information. The analysis also emphasises the need for a comprehensive approach to digital transformation, involving not only the government but also non-state actors such as civil organisations and the private sector.

This highlights the importance of broad collaboration and partnership to effectively drive digitalization efforts in Africa. Moreover, it is crucial for Africa to establish its presence in the global digital economy as both a producer and consumer. Currently, most African countries primarily consume rather than generate digital content, indicating a dependence on external sources for digital services and products.

Fostering a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship will be paramount in enabling Africa to play a more influential role in the digital economy. Financial constraints emerge as a significant barrier to digital transformation in Africa. The analysis reveals that budget allocations for ICT development are insufficient in countries like Uganda.

This highlights the urgent need for sufficient funding to build digital infrastructure and support the growth of the digital sector across the continent. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that addressing challenges related to competition, intellectual property, taxation, industrial policy, privacy, cybersecurity, and the labour market will require new ways of thinking.

This implies the need for innovative approaches and strategies to overcome these obstacles and achieve meaningful structural transformation. Lastly, the analysis underscores the importance of greater participation from African countries in global digital rule negotiations. Currently, there appears to be less involvement from African countries compared to other actors such as the technical community and civil society.

This observation highlights the need for Africa to actively engage in shaping global digital governance frameworks to ensure its interests and perspectives are adequately represented. In conclusion, the analysis provides valuable insights into the current state of digitalisation in Africa.

It highlights both progress and challenges, ranging from Internet penetration and the digital divide to policy gaps, funding limitations, and the need for new approaches. By addressing these issues and actively participating in global digital rule negotiations, Africa can accelerate its digital transformation and unlock the vast potential that the digital economy offers.

Arguments

digital trade rules do not support building domestic e-commerce in Africa

Supporting facts:

• 80% of African marketplaces are national marketplaces

• Agreements are designed to support foreign firms outside Africa

Topics: E-commerce, International Trade Policy

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Trade agreements may significantly impact Africa’s creative industry

Supporting facts:

• In 2022, Afrobeats tracks had 13.5 billion streams on Spotify, a 550 percent increase from 2017

Topics: Digital Trade, Creative Industry, Afrobeats

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The cross-border data transfer provision from the WTO Joint Statement Initiative on e-commerce is ill-equipped for Africa

Supporting facts:

• The provision mirrors what’s happening in WTO JSI on e-commerce

• African countries need a better understanding of how to use and secure their data

Topics: WTO Joint Statement Initiative on e-commerce, Cross-border data transfer, Sovereign rights over data

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Implementation of Africa’s policy instruments is a challenge

Supporting facts:

• Africa has numerous policy instruments including the Agenda 2063 but faces issues with their actual application.

Topics: Policy Instruments, African Development, Implementation Challenges

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Africa needs a more defined and strategic approach to engage in multilateral platforms

Supporting facts:

• The African group needs to be strengthened, reflecting the decreased power of the group in WTO.

Topics: Multilateral Platforms, Trade Negotiations, African Group in WTO

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Moratorium on customs duties is a significant policy perspective

Supporting facts:

• The moratorium on customs duties can limit market access and foster an inward-looking perspective.

Topics: Trade Rules, Custom Duties, Digital Economy

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Report

Upon closer analysis of the provided statements, several key points and arguments emerge. One significant concern raised is the belief that digital trade rules do not adequately support the development of domestic e-commerce in Africa. The argument suggests that these rules are designed to benefit foreign firms operating outside of Africa, underlining a negative sentiment towards digital trade rules.

Additionally, it is mentioned that approximately 80% of African marketplaces are national marketplaces, highlighting the need for support in developing the domestic e-commerce sector. Another important point raised is the potential impact of trade agreements on Africa’s creative industry. While no specific agreements are explicitly mentioned, it is suggested that these agreements may have a significant influence on the industry.

For instance, in 2022, Afrobeats tracks experienced a substantial increase in streams on Spotify, with a 550% rise since 2017. This suggests that trade agreements can play a role in shaping the growth and success of Africa’s creative industry. There is also a call for policy space within trade rules to encourage digital industrialization.

It is mentioned that the United States recently withdrew its support for major trade rules, citing the need for policy space. This action is presented as evidence to support the argument advocating for policy space within trade rules. On the other hand, there is criticism of the cross-border data transfer provision from the WTO Joint Statement Initiative on e-commerce, which is considered ill-suited for Africa.

The provision is deemed to be lacking the necessary provisions for African countries to effectively use and secure their data. This criticism highlights a negative sentiment towards the current provision and calls for a better understanding of how to handle data in the context of trade agreements.

Furthermore, there are concerns about international agreements hindering the African Continental Free Trade Area (FCFTA) negotiations. It is proposed that a moratorium on trade rules should be implemented until the FCFTA negotiations and protocols are finalised. This stance indicates a neutral sentiment towards trade rules and emphasises the importance of ensuring the success of the FCFTA by avoiding potential conflicts with existing international agreements.

Implementation of Africa’s policy instruments is identified as a challenge, despite the presence of numerous policy instruments such as the Agenda 2063. The statement highlights the discrepancy between the existence of these instruments and their actual application, suggesting that more efforts are needed to effectively implement them and achieve their intended goals.

The analysis also points out the need for Africa to adopt a more defined and strategic approach in engaging in multilateral platforms. It is stated that the African group in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) needs to be strengthened to reflect its decreased power, indicating a negative sentiment and a call for stronger representation in multilateral platforms.

An interesting observation is the potential benefits of shifting to African platforms for services like streaming. It is suggested that African platforms can provide better revenue for artists compared to foreign platforms like Spotify, where the revenue per stream is relatively low.

This perspective highlights the potential for African platforms to promote economic growth and reduce inequalities within the creative industry. Another noteworthy argument is the positive perspective towards the moratorium on customs duties as a significant policy perspective. The argument suggests that the moratorium on customs duties can limit market access and foster an inward-looking perspective, indicating a positive sentiment towards the potential benefits of this policy approach.

Finally, there is criticism towards Kenya’s decision to negotiate a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States. It is argued that this decision contradicts the principles agreed upon by African heads of state, who had encouraged member countries to refrain from entering into agreements with countries outside of the continent until the FCFTA was fully implemented.

This criticism reflects a negative sentiment towards Kenya’s decision and underscores the importance of unity and alignment in African trade strategies. Additionally, it is noteworthy that African artists, such as Davido and Rama, earn minimal revenue from foreign platforms like Spotify.

The evidence provided suggests that these artists receive around 0.01 cent per stream on such platforms, indicating a negative sentiment towards the current revenue distribution and the impact it has on African artists’ earnings. In conclusion, the analysis of the provided statements reveals various concerns, perspectives, and arguments related to trade agreements, digital trade, data transfer, policy instruments, and the creative industry in Africa.

These discussions highlight the need for comprehensive and strategic approaches within Africa’s trade policies and underline the importance of considering the impact on domestic industries and artists when engaging in international trade agreements. Additionally, the analysis emphasizes the significance of the African Continental Free Trade Area (FCFTA) negotiations and protocols, calling for the avoidance of potential conflicts with existing international agreements until the FCFTA is finalised.

Arguments

The time is running very fast

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The last days were very challenging

Topics: Event

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He works with network Africa based in Accra Ghana

Topics: Africa, Ghana

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This session is organized by the Africa trade network and led by TWN Africa and Siatini Uganda

Topics: Africa, Uganda, Trade

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There are some striking examples of bridging the digital divide in the continent of Africa

Supporting facts:

• Examples in Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa

Topics: Digital divide, Africa

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There are policy measures in Africa that could hinder development

Topics: Policy, Africa, development

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Need for African countries to rethink their approach to digital trade

Supporting facts:

• United States, once a champion of free data flow, is considering withdrawing support to major trade rules like prohibition on data localization, source code disclosure, and non-discrimination of digital products

• The U.S.’s reconsideration shows that even digital leaders need policy space

Topics: Digital trade, Data flow, U.S. policy

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Call for collaboration between civil society, private sector, and governments

Topics: Civil society, Private sector, Government

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The need for increased interaction and relationship building at the continental and multilateral level

Supporting facts:

• The panel highlighted intra-Africa policies and the need for bridging gaps between countries

Topics: Digital divide, Africa policies, Public investment

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Importance of public investment for the establishment of data centers across the continent

Supporting facts:

• Discussion about the need for public investment during the Antarctic E-Commerce Week in 2017

Topics: Digital divide, Public investment, Data centers

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Need for better collaboration among government, CSOs, and private sector on the continent

Supporting facts:

• Highlighting trend of SMEs complaining that big techs are not sharing data

Topics: Collaboration, Government, CSOs, Private Sector

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African continent primarily being commodity dependent needs to increase production

Supporting facts:

• Wullo Sylvester Bagooro emphasizes on the need to increase production to develop

Topics: Africa, Commodity dependence, Production

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Report

The panel discussion on Africa’s digital development addressed several key issues. One of the main points highlighted was the progress being made in bridging the digital divide in the continent. Examples from countries such as Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, and South Africa were cited as striking examples of how Africa is bridging this gap.

While progress is being made, it was also mentioned that there are policy measures that could hinder development in the digital sector. These policy measures were not specifically elaborated upon in the provided information, but it is clear that there are challenges that need to be addressed.

Another important argument raised during the discussion was that Africa is not only affected by the global digital divide but can also be part of the solution. This highlights the potential that Africa has to contribute to closing the digital divide globally.

The discussion also urged African countries to reconsider their approach to digital trade, as there are indications that the United States is considering withdrawing support for major trade rules. This highlights the need for African countries to adapt their strategies to these changing circumstances.

Structural economic transformation was identified as a priority for African countries. The panel emphasised that many African countries are heavily reliant on commodity exports, and this dependency extends to the digital sector. To meet the aspirations set out in Agenda 2063, which outlines Africa’s vision for the future, the panel stressed the importance of economic transformation.

Collaboration between civil society, the private sector, and governments was identified as a crucial factor in driving digital development in Africa. This calls for the involvement of multiple stakeholders and the fostering of partnerships to ensure a comprehensive and inclusive approach.

Additionally, the panel highlighted the importance of public investment for the establishment of data centres across the continent. This highlights the need for governments and relevant stakeholders to invest in the necessary infrastructure to support digital growth. The discussion also emphasised the need for increased interaction and relationship building at both the continental and multilateral levels.

This suggests that collaboration and cooperation among African countries and with international partners are essential for advancing digital development in the continent. A final noteworthy observation made during the discussion was the need for better collaboration between governments, civil society organisations (CSOs), and the private sector in Africa.

It was highlighted that there is a growing trend of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) complaining that big tech companies are not sharing data. This emphasises the importance of fostering better collaboration and information-sharing mechanisms among these stakeholders. In conclusion, the panel discussion shed light on various aspects related to Africa’s digital development.

While progress is being made in bridging the digital divide, there are policy challenges that need to be addressed. Africa has the potential to be part of the solution to the global digital divide but needs to adapt its digital trade strategies to changing circumstances.

Structural economic transformation, collaboration among stakeholders, public investment, and increased interaction and relationship building are crucial for driving digital development in Africa. Better collaboration between governments, CSOs, and the private sector is also necessary. Lastly, reducing commodity dependence and increasing production were identified as key factors in Africa’s development.

Arguments

UNCTRAL plays a crucial role in creating harmonized legal texts for e-commerce and the digital economy, which are essential to create trust in online transactions.

Supporting facts:

• UNCTRAL has been a longtime partner of UNCTAD.

• UNCTRAL provides guidance to governments to prepare laws and regulations.

• They have worked on e-transaction laws in several countries, including Mauritania.

• Their work allows for interconnectivity and interoperability of the legal infrastructure.

Topics: UNCTRAL, e-commerce, digital economy, online transactions

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Adoption of digital means for trade transactions greatly enhances seamless trade

Supporting facts:

• UNCTRAL has recently developed a model law on electronic transferable records.

• The model law allows trade activities to retain the same legal value as the paper-based documents.

• Adopting this law enables a shift towards paperless trading and a full-force entry into digital trade.

Topics: digital trade, electronic transferable records, legalization, harmonized legal texts

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Digital identity management and trust services play a critical role in promoting e-commerce

Supporting facts:

• UNCTRAL has introduced a model law on identity management and trust services.

• Digital identity can vary from government accreditations to platform recognitions.

• Mutual recognition and interoperability are key to ensuring seamless trading.

Topics: digital identity, e-commerce, trust services

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Adapting existing legal frameworks versus introducing entirely new legislation

Supporting facts:

• Countries enact legislation to regulate the digital landscape

• Some countries prefer adjusting existing frameworks over new legislation

• E-commerce and digital trade are rapidly progressing

Topics: Digital Trade, E-commerce, Legal Frameworks, Interoperability, Legal Texts, Technology Neutrality, Future-proofing

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Country’s ability to adapt to artificial intelligence and automation that can enter into transactions

Supporting facts:

• Artificial Intelligence as higher automation level

• AI can buy or sell stock or goods depending on set criteria

Topics: Artificial Intelligence, Automation, E-commerce, Digital Trade

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Embrace digital change with a conducive legal framework

Supporting facts:

• Focusing only on protective aspects of the law could build a ‘fence’ around the country, impeding digital progression

Topics: Digital Economy, Legal Framework, Data Protection, Privacy, Cyber security

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Legal framework should also focus on enabling aspects, not just protective ones.

Supporting facts:

• Overemphasis on protective aspects can hinder the enabling aspects of digital economy

Topics: Legal Framework, Digital Economy

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Report

UNCTRAL, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, plays a crucial role in creating harmonized legal texts for e-commerce and the digital economy, which are essential to create trust in online transactions. They provide guidance to governments to prepare laws and regulations, focusing particularly on e-transaction laws.

Their work allows for interconnectivity and interoperability of the legal infrastructure, ensuring effective communication and transactions between different countries. UNCTRAL has been a longtime partner of UNCTAD, further strengthening their role in shaping international trade. Recently, UNCTRAL has developed a model law on electronic transferable records, which gives trade activities the same legal value as traditional paper-based documents.

This promotes paperless trading and facilitates digital trade. They have also introduced a model law on identity management and trust services, which establishes standards for digital identity recognition, enabling seamless trading and trust in digital transactions. It is argued that countries should adapt existing legal frameworks rather than introducing new legislation to regulate the digital landscape.

This allows for a more flexible and efficient response to the rapidly progressing e-commerce and digital trade. Incorporating artificial intelligence and automation into transactions is also important for enhancing efficiency and accuracy. A balanced legal framework is crucial for the digital economy, encompassing both protective measures such as data protection and cybersecurity, as well as enabling aspects that foster innovation and digital progression.

Supporting local communities in developing their own digital solutions is seen as vital for sustainable digital progression. In conclusion, UNCTRAL’s work in creating harmonized legal texts and providing guidance in e-commerce and the digital economy is vital for establishing trust in online transactions.

Their efforts in developing model laws on electronic transferable records and identity management strengthen the legal foundation for digital trade. Adapting existing legal frameworks, incorporating AI and automation, and maintaining a balanced legal framework are crucial for enabling seamless trade and fostering digital innovation.

Supporting local communities in their own digital solutions is key to sustainable digital progression.

Arguments

Encouragement needed for people to build their own technologies to advance digital economy

Supporting facts:

• The questioner pointed out the importance of digital infrastructure and mentioned about a government effort to work with local SMEs to help with ecommerce

Topics: digital infrastructure, e-commerce

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Pre-pandemic phase witnessed heavy investment in e-commerce by private sector

Supporting facts:

• Rocket internet’s investment in Lazada, Shopee and other platforms

• Significant growth in e-commerce adoption in Southeast Asia

Topics: Pre-pandemic, E-commerce, Investment

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Post-pandemic phase saw the downfall of many e-commerce and marketplaces

Supporting facts:

• Draining of funds leading to businesses unable to sustain

• Change in perspective to encourage e-commerce adoption

Topics: Post-pandemic, E-commerce, Marketplaces

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Correlation between the rise of middle income communities and e-commerce adoption

Supporting facts:

• Rise of the middle-income communities leads to increase in e-commerce adoption

Topics: Income, E-commerce, Socio-economic factors

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Concern about market fragmentation and search for solutions

Topics: market fragmentation, monopolization, policy solutions

---

Question on involvement of private companies in e-commerce policy discussions

Topics: private companies, policy making, e-commerce

---

Appreciation for the panelists and discussions

Supporting facts:

• UNACTD partnership appreciated

• Discussion addressed challenges in developing countries

Topics: Infrastructure, Development, Homegrown solution

---

Countries differ in their approaches towards creating a robust and inclusive digital ecosystem

Supporting facts:

• Some countries have opted for enacting entirely new legislations

• Some countries have chosen to slightly adjust their existing legal and regulatory frameworks

Topics: digital ecosystems, legislation

---

The interplay of different branches of law in regulating the digital economy and the digital landscape

Supporting facts:

• Legal frameworks regulating the digital economy consistently require the interaction of various branches of law

Topics: law of cybersecurity, consumer protection law, competition law

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Some countries create new legislation to regulate the digital landscape while others modify existing laws

Supporting facts:

• Certain countries enact entirely new laws for digital regulation

• Other countries with reluctance to new legislative enactments choose to adjust the existing legal frameworks

Topics: Digital landscape, Legislation, Interoperability

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Report

During the discussion on the digital economy and e-commerce, several key points were raised. It was emphasised that encouraging individuals to build their own technologies is crucial for advancing the digital economy. The importance of digital infrastructure was highlighted, with a mention of the government’s efforts to work with local small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to help with e-commerce.

This points to a need for encouragement and support for people to develop their own technologies and contribute to the advancement of the digital economy. Pre-pandemic, there was significant investment in e-commerce by the private sector. Examples were given, such as Rocket Internet’s investment in platforms like Lazada and Shopee, which led to the growth of e-commerce in Southeast Asia.

This investment played a key role in the adoption of e-commerce in the region. However, during the post-pandemic phase, many e-commerce platforms faced challenges and downfall. Draining of funds and the inability of businesses to sustain themselves were mentioned as contributing factors.

The pandemic brought about a change in perspective, and there was a need to encourage e-commerce adoption in order to adapt to the new normal. The rise of middle-income communities was highlighted as a factor contributing to the increase in e-commerce adoption.

As communities move towards middle income levels, their purchasing power and access to digital technologies increase, leading to a greater adoption of e-commerce platforms. The importance of community and nation-building was acknowledged during the discussion. It was emphasised that a country is built by its own people, and their impact cannot be underestimated.

This highlights the need to empower individuals and communities to actively participate in building their countries, including in the context of the digital economy. Concerns were raised about market fragmentation and monopolisation in the digital economy. This calls for solutions to ensure fair competition and reduce inequalities.

There were also questions on the involvement of private companies in e-commerce policy discussions. The audience showed skepticism about private companies’ influence in policymaking due to regulatory concerns, highlighting the need for a balanced market structure. The need for homegrown solutions and infrastructure development was emphasised, particularly in Africa and Nigeria.

It was acknowledged that the digital ecosystem should be built taking into account the specific needs and challenges of developing countries. The partnership with UNACTD was appreciated, and challenges in developing countries were discussed. Different countries approach the creation of a robust and inclusive digital ecosystem differently.

Some countries opt for enacting entirely new legislation, while others choose to adjust their existing legal and regulatory frameworks. This reflects the diverse approaches towards regulating the digital landscape and ensuring its inclusivity. The interplay of different branches of law in regulating the digital economy and the digital landscape was highlighted.

Legal frameworks consistently require the interaction of various branches of law to effectively govern the digital economy. Several questions were asked during the discussion. One question was whether to enact new legislation or adjust existing laws to create an inclusive digital ecosystem.

Another inquiry was about how UNCTRAL model laws are enacted. The audience was also interested in learning which method is better for ensuring the interoperability of legal texts across borders. Overall, the discussions shed light on the importance of encouraging individuals to build their own technologies, the challenges faced by e-commerce platforms in the post-pandemic phase, the impact of middle-income communities on e-commerce adoption, the significance of community and nation-building, concerns about market fragmentation and monopolisation, the need for homegrown solutions and infrastructure development, the different approaches towards creating a robust and inclusive digital ecosystem, and the interplay of different branches of law in regulating the digital landscape.

The audience expressed skepticism about private companies’ involvement in policymaking and sought guidance on legal enactments and ensuring interoperability of legal texts. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities and opportunities in the digital economy and e-commerce sector.

Arguments

Investing in the digital economy can help small and medium-sized enterprises to become stronger, more productive, and more sustainable

Supporting facts:

• SMEs are the drivers of the economy

• Digital trade has the potential to boost innovation, create jobs, and tackle inequalities

Topics: Digital Economy, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Sustainable Development

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The Dutch foreign trade and international cooperation policy has shifted attention towards digital and sustainable transitions

Supporting facts:

• Rapid digital development impacts all long-term objectives of the Dutch foreign trade and international cooperation policy

• The twin transition presents opportunities for inclusion and employment of young people in the field of agri-tech, fintech and e-commerce

Topics: Dutch Foreign Trade, International Cooperation, Sustainable Transitions

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Digitalization should be taken into account from the beginning when designing programs

Supporting facts:

• Digitalization is a leverage point and a tool for increasing development results

Topics: digitalization, program designing

---

Community of practitioners must share successful examples to scale up

Supporting facts:

• There are successful examples in the field of agriculture using satellite data

Topics: scaling up, community collaboration

---

Use language that everyone understands while discussing challenges and opportunities

Supporting facts:

• Using common language will help in scaling up the process

Topics: communication, inclusivity

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Report

Investing in the digital economy has significant benefits for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). By embracing digital trade, SMEs can boost innovation, generate employment, and address inequalities. The digital economy presents SMEs with the potential to grow their businesses, increase productivity, and contribute to economic development.

Digital policies play a critical role in empowering people and businesses to create a prosperous and human-centered digital future. These policies should focus on bridging the digital divide and ensuring equal access to digital technologies and opportunities. By closing the digital gap, societies can enhance human development and create more inclusive economies.

The Dutch foreign trade and international cooperation policy recognizes the transformative impact of rapid digital development and has shifted its attention towards digital and sustainable transitions. These transitions provide inclusive employment opportunities, particularly for young people in sectors such as agri-tech, fintech, and e-commerce.

The commitment to investing in technical assistance for inclusive digitalization highlights the importance of providing reliable digital platforms and services for all, including farmers and entrepreneurs. When designing programs, it is crucial to consider digitalization from the beginning. By fully harnessing the power of digital technologies, programs can achieve better development results.

Digitalization should be integrated into program design processes to ensure effective implementation and maximize potential for positive change. Sharing successful examples and collaborating as a community of practitioners is essential for scaling up initiatives. By learning from and replicating successful practices, communities can advance together towards their goals.

Collaboration and knowledge-sharing are crucial for scaling up the impact of digital initiatives and addressing societal challenges. In addition to effective communication and collaboration, using a common language that everyone understands is crucial for successful scaling up. By emphasizing inclusivity and ensuring clarity in discussing challenges and opportunities, stakeholders can work together effectively towards reducing inequalities.

In summary, investing in the digital economy benefits SMEs, promoting growth and sustainability. Digital trade fosters innovation, employment, and addresses inequalities. To achieve a prosperous digital future, bridging the digital divide and developing empowering policies is necessary. The Dutch foreign trade and international cooperation policy focus on digital and sustainable transitions, creating inclusive employment opportunities.

Considering digitalization from program design enables effective implementation. Collaboration and knowledge-sharing among practitioners drive scaling up initiatives. Inclusive communication facilitates progress in reducing inequalities.

Arguments

ECOWAS Commission recognizes the potential of digitalization in economic diversification, employment creation and boosting stability

Supporting facts:

• The ECOWAS member states have adopted a strategy and implementation plan for e-commerce for 2023-2025

• As per the WTO, many countries, including ECOWAS, will be affected by the rise of digital commerce

Topics: Digital economy, Inclusion, Sustainability, E-commerce

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ECOWAS commission gives major importance to e-commerce as it offers further opportunities for growth

Supporting facts:

• In Ghana, in 2021, there was a major rise in export values, up from US$99 million in 2008

• Digital industries have the possibility to have cascading effects on linked and adjoining industries

Topics: E-commerce, Digitalization, Job creation

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ECOWAS emphasizes the need to cooperate and coordinate actions in the digital sphere, ensuring sustainable results

Topics: Digital economy, Cooperation, Sustainable Development

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Effective digital commerce and e-commerce implementation requires cooperation among governments, stakeholders, and international organizations

Supporting facts:

• H.E. Massandjé Toure-Litse is part of a legislative organization of the United Nations that provides assistance at the request of member states for the implementation of digital commerce and e-commerce.

• She mentioned the example of their work with UNDP to evaluate legal texts and assist states in their implementation.

• She stressed the importance of accompanying small players, like SMEs, while setting up these platforms.

Topics: digital commerce, collaboration, legal infrastructure

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Report

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Commission recognises the potential of digitalisation in achieving economic diversification, employment creation, and stability. To harness these possibilities, ECOWAS member states have adopted a strategy and implementation plan for e-commerce for the years 2023-2025.

This forward-looking approach indicates their commitment to capitalising on the rise of digital commerce, which is expected to have a significant impact not only on ECOWAS but also on other countries worldwide, as highlighted by the World Trade Organization (WTO).

E-commerce is considered by the ECOWAS Commission as a crucial driver of economic growth and presents further opportunities for expansion. In Ghana, for instance, there has already been a notable increase in export values from US$99 million in 2008. The digital industries also have the potential to create cascading effects on related and adjoining sectors, further enhancing economic development.

Recognising the importance of collaboration and partnerships in the pursuit of e-commerce strategies, ECOWAS stands ready to work with esteemed partners such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Bank. By aligning efforts with these organizations, ECOWAS aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of its e-commerce initiatives.

This emphasis on partnerships reflects ECOWAS’ belief in the power of collective action in achieving shared goals and outcomes. To effectively track the progress and impact of e-commerce development, ECOWAS recognises the need for improved statistical data. By having accurate and comprehensive statistics, policymakers and stakeholders can gain valuable insights into the emerging trends and patterns within the e-commerce sector.

This information serves as a vital tool for informed decision-making and targeted interventions. ECOWAS also underscores the importance of cooperation and coordination in the digital sphere. By fostering a culture of collaboration among member states, ECOWAS aims to ensure sustainable results from their collective efforts in digitalisation.

This approach aligns with their commitment to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), demonstrating their dedication to inclusive and sustainable development. Furthermore, ECOWAS highlights the significance of cooperation among governments, stakeholders, and international organisations in the effective implementation of digital commerce and e-commerce.

They note that successful implementation necessitates close coordination and cooperation at various levels, enabling the creation and enforcement of regulatory frameworks, capacity building initiatives, and the facilitation of cross-border trade. In line with these efforts, ECOWAS, through the appointment of H.E.

Massandjé Toure-Litse, actively engages in legislative organisations of the United Nations that offer assistance for the implementation of digital commerce and e-commerce at the request of member states. The partnership with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in evaluating legal texts and providing support to states in implementing e-commerce platforms exemplifies ECOWAS’ commitment to accompanying small players, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in their digital ventures.

Importantly, a strong legal infrastructure at the national level is deemed critical for effective and credible international negotiations in digital cooperation. H.E. Massandjé Toure-Litse emphasises the necessity of having the infrastructure in place within individual countries to engage in international digital cooperation agreements successfully.

Additionally, she urges active participation from countries in the working groups that develop model texts and conventions, solidifying ECOWAS’ commitment to inclusive and participatory decision-making processes. In conclusion, ECOWAS acknowledges the transformative potential of digitalisation, particularly in the field of e-commerce, and is making significant strides in harnessing these opportunities.

Their focus on cooperation, partnerships, data-driven decision-making, and strong legal infrastructure underscores their commitment to inclusive and sustainable economic development in the region. By leveraging the power of digital commerce, ECOWAS aims to drive economic diversification, create employment opportunities, and ensure stability, ultimately contributing to the achievement of the UN’s SDGs.

Arguments

Cambodia has witnessed the rapid growth of e-commerce in the last five years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Supporting facts:

• The journey of e-commerce development in Cambodia started with the e-trade readiness assessment conducted by UNCTAD in 2017

• Cambodia implemented the recommendation effectively and made a remarkable progress, becoming a top performance country in UNCTAD’s second e-trade readiness implementation review

Topics: e-commerce, COVID-19

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Cambodia has developed various legal and policy frameworks to support e-commerce ecosystem and consumer rights.

Supporting facts:

• The e-commerce strategy provided a roadmap for creating a robust ecosystem and fostering the growth of digital trade in the country

• Key legislation included the law on e-commerce, law on consumer protection and law on competition

Topics: e-commerce, legal framework, policy framework

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Private sector participation is crucial for the success of e-commerce initiatives.

Supporting facts:

• Cambodia’s approach involved active engagement of private sector stakeholders in policy discussions and formulation

• The government has received support from development partners for implementing projects such as Go for ECAM and Sea Trade for SME

Topics: e-commerce, private sector

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CambodianTrade platform is boosting digital adoption and transformation amongst Cambodian SMEs

Supporting facts:

• 166 SMEs are on board with CambodianTrade, almost half of them are provincial and women-led SMEs

• SMEs can display products and communicate with potential clients directly, free of charge, with fully integrated logistic service providers and payment gateways

Topics: e-commerce, SMEs

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CambodianTrade is building and strengthening the capacities of SMEs through digitalization and export readiness training

Supporting facts:

• Provided various trainings and support to SMEs during and after onboarding process

• Collaborative support from UNDP Cambodia and Khmer Enterprise assist SMEs through innovative challenges

Topics: capacity building, SMEs, training

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CambodianTrade offers international exposures to the SMEs

Supporting facts:

• The platform boosts SME branding internationally through various social media platforms

• SMEs have the opportunity to showcase their products and engage in business matching through domestic and international expo events

Topics: e-commerce, international exposure, SMEs

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CambodianTrade provides access to finance and resources for SMEs through venture capital

Supporting facts:

• Promoted the awareness to SMEs to interest of value chain in Cambodia and in the ASEAN regional for investment in Cambodia’s e-commerce sector

Topics: finance, venture capital, SMEs

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Build a conducive legal framework for digital economy

Supporting facts:

• Enabling all the ecosystem itself

• All ecosystem are now ready to endorse the legal part

Topics: digital economy, legal framework

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Implement the legal framework, don’t wait

Supporting facts:

• Regional agreement allowing to move forward with the e-commerce law

• Legal system in place attracts more investment

Topics: digital economy, implementation

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Report

Cambodia has experienced significant growth in the field of e-commerce over the past five years, with a particularly notable increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. This progress can be attributed to the successful implementation of recommendations from the e-trade readiness assessment conducted by UNCTAD in 2017.

As a result, Cambodia has emerged as a top-performing country in UNCTAD’s second e-trade readiness implementation review. To support the development of the e-commerce ecosystem and protect consumer rights, Cambodia has established various legal and policy frameworks. These include the enactment of key legislation such as the laws on e-commerce, consumer protection, and competition.

These laws provide a solid foundation for a robust and secure e-commerce environment. Private sector participation is crucial for the success of e-commerce initiatives, and Cambodia has actively engaged private sector stakeholders in policy discussions and formulation. The government has also received support from development partners for implementing projects such as Go for ECAM and Sea Trade for SME.

This collaborative approach ensures that the e-commerce ecosystem is well-supported and can thrive. Cambodia actively participates in e-commerce negotiations and discussions at both regional and multilateral levels. The country is party to various regional and bilateral agreements, including the ASEAN agreement on e-commerce and the regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP).

These agreements facilitate regional cooperation and create opportunities for further e-commerce growth. The CambodianTrade platform has played a significant role in boosting digital adoption and transformation among Cambodian SMEs. It provides a platform for 166 SMEs, including provincial and women-led businesses, to showcase their products and directly communicate with potential clients.

The platform also offers fully integrated logistic service providers and payment gateways, enabling SMEs to conduct business efficiently. To further support SMEs, Cambodia focuses on building and strengthening their capacities through digitalization and export readiness training. Various trainings and support have been provided to SMEs during and after the onboarding process.

UNDP Cambodia and Khmer Enterprise collaborate to assist SMEs in overcoming innovative challenges and enhancing their competitiveness. The CambodianTrade platform not only boosts domestic trade but also offers international exposure to Cambodian SMEs. SMEs have the opportunity to showcase their products on various social media platforms and engage in business matching through domestic and international expos.

This exposure enhances their branding internationally and opens doors to new markets and partnerships. Access to finance and resources is vital for the growth of SMEs in the e-commerce sector. CambodianTrade provides such access through venture capital, promoting the interest of value chain investors in Cambodia’s e-commerce sector.

This support encourages the development of innovative and sustainable business models among SMEs. To create a conducive environment for the digital economy, Cambodia focuses on building a robust legal framework. The ecosystem itself is now ready to endorse the legal aspects of the digital economy.

Implementing the legal framework promptly, without delay, is crucial for attracting more investment and driving further growth in the e-commerce sector. The endorsement of e-commerce laws is particularly significant in instilling confidence in investors. Some countries may be hesitant to endorse their e-commerce laws, but having a legal system in place strengthens investor trust and facilitates a secure and transparent e-commerce environment.

In conclusion, Cambodia has made significant progress in e-commerce, supported by the effective implementation of recommendations, the development of legal and policy frameworks, private sector participation, and active engagement in regional and multilateral negotiations. The CambodianTrade platform has played a vital role in boosting digitalization and international exposure for Cambodian SMEs.

Building a conducive legal framework and endorsing e-commerce laws are crucial for attracting investment and ensuring a secure and transparent e-commerce environment. With ongoing efforts, Cambodia is well-positioned to continue its growth in the e-commerce sector.

Arguments

Zimbabwe is ready for rolling out e-commerce

Supporting facts:

• Zimbabwe has charged all universities to embark on relevant development research

• Government of Zimbabwe crafted a computer crime and a cyber crime act

• Government e-system platform Zim Connect portal where citizens can get different government services online

• Community information centers built throughout the country about 200 of them

Topics: e-commerce, digital infrastructure, government e-system platform

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Zimbabwe needs partnership in infrastructure and financial inclusion to further e-commerce development

Supporting facts:

• Zimbabwe has 92% connectivity on mobile but needs to improve the fiber backbone into the rural areas

• Initiatives need to increase access to digital payment and financial services for people, especially in the rural areas

Topics: Partnerships for Infrastructure, Financial Inclusion, E-commerce development

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Private enterprises are important in policy making

Supporting facts:

• Minister Nyoni’s import in involving private sector in the development of Zimbabwe industrial policy and commercial policy.

• Example of gold-based transaction policy developed with collaboration between Reserve Bank and the private sector

Topics: Policy Creation, Private Sector Involvement

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Improving the digital infrastructure is key to enhancing e-commerce

Supporting facts:

• Without improving the digital infrastructure, e-commerce cannot be improved

Topics: e-commerce, digital infrastructure

---

Involvement of both government and private sector is necessary to upgrade digital infrastructure

Supporting facts:

• Need for partnerships to develop hard infrastructure like fiber

• Universities are developing capacity and skills for soft infrastructure

Topics: Private sector, Government, Partnerships

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Zimbabwe is welcoming partners to develop infrastructure

Supporting facts:

• Zimbabwe is open for partnerships to work on infrastructure development

Topics: Zimbabwe, Partnerships

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Collaboration and cooperation between government, private sector and development partners is vital for enhancing digital commerce activities

Supporting facts:

• Government should provide an enabling environment through policies and legislation

• Private sector should cooperate among each other for maximum network accessibility

• Development partners should be responsive to needs of people, government, and private sector

Topics: Collaboration, Cooperation, Digital commerce, Government, Private sector, Development partners

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Report

Zimbabwe is prepared for the implementation of e-commerce, as evidenced by ongoing initiatives. Universities in the country have been tasked with conducting relevant research to contribute to e-commerce development. The government has also enacted computer crime and cyber crime acts to combat cyber threats and ensure a safe online environment.

Additionally, the introduction of the Zim Connect portal allows citizens to access government services online, and community information centers have been established throughout the country. However, there are challenges to overcome, such as improving the fiber backbone infrastructure in rural areas to ensure equal access to e-commerce opportunities.

Partnerships in infrastructure and financial inclusion are vital for further e-commerce development. The involvement of the private sector in policy-making is essential for effective policies that drive economic growth. Collaboration between the government, private sector, and development partners is crucial to enhancing digital commerce.

In conclusion, Zimbabwe is ready to embrace e-commerce through research, cybercrime legislation, and the establishment of an e-system platform. By fostering partnerships and involving the private sector, Zimbabwe can enhance its digital infrastructure and unlock the potential of e-commerce for its citizens and economy.

Arguments

Government investment and collaboration with tech enterprises is crucial for MSME digitalization.

Supporting facts:

• Malaysian government has invested in local businesses to adopt digital solutions.

• Singaporean government co-creates new tech products for their communities.

• Over 200,000 local businesses digitized their wholesale trade experience using Dropy’s solution.

Topics: Government support, Digitalization, E-commerce, MSMEs

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Strong digital infrastructure is vital for businesses

Supporting facts:

• Some economies struggle with poor digital connectivity, particularly in rural areas

• The Indonesian government has announced initiatives to address this infrastructure challenge

Topics: Digital Economy, Infrastructure, Business

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Increasing financial inclusion requires investment in private and public partnerships

Supporting facts:

• Worked with Malaysian government and local development banks to tailor-made MSME financing products

• Used data and AI tools to disperse financing products with a non-performing loan score of less than 2% per annum

Topics: Financial Inclusion, Partnerships, Investment

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Encouraging women entrepreneurs can create more inclusive solutions

Supporting facts:

• Women entrepreneurs understand the struggles of women adopting digital solutions and can create more relatable approaches

Topics: Women Empowerment, Entrepreneurship, Inclusion

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E-commerce began flourishing in Southeast Asia pre-pandemic with significant investments from firms like Rocket internet, leading to the creation of platforms like Lazada and Shopee.

Supporting facts:

• Rocket internet invested lots of money into the Southeast Asia region leading to a huge wave of e-commerce adoption there.

• Despite the existence of B2B and B2C platforms, e-commerce did not rapidly take up in the region before Rocket internet’s involvement

Topics: E-commerce, Investment, Rocket Internet, Lazada, Shopee

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Post-pandemic, many of these e-commerce platforms could not sustain as they ran out of funds.

Topics: E-commerce, Pandemic, Financial sustainability

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There needs to be a shift in perspective to promote e-commerce in communities with enough money to spend online.

Supporting facts:

• There is a correlation between the rise of middle-income communities and the rise of e-commerce adoption.

Topics: E-commerce, Consumer behavior, Affordability

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Report

The analysis explores various facets of the digitalization of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Southeast Asia. It emphasizes the importance of government investment and collaboration with tech enterprises in promoting MSME digitalization, citing examples of the Malaysian and Singaporean governments’ initiatives.

Community-driven tech initiatives are also highlighted as effective strategies for localizing e-solutions, with Techkaki in Singapore serving as an example. The significance of strong digital infrastructure for business growth is discussed, particularly in addressing poor digital connectivity in rural areas.

The analysis emphasizes the need for financial inclusion through investment in private and public partnerships, showcasing the tailored MSME financing products developed through collaboration with the Malaysian government. Furthermore, the empowerment of women entrepreneurs is emphasized as a way to create inclusive digital solutions.

Investments in e-commerce, particularly by firms like Rocket Internet, are recognized for driving digital transformation in Southeast Asia. However, concerns about the sustainability of post-pandemic e-commerce platforms are highlighted. The analysis suggests shifting perspectives to promote e-commerce in communities with sufficient disposable income.

Overall, the analysis underscores the importance of inclusive approaches to MSME digitalization and economic development in Southeast Asia.

Arguments

Some countries are at different stages of readiness to take advantage of digital opportunities

Supporting facts:

• As per Pedro Manuel Moreno, the e-trade readiness assessment highlighted strong potential for e-commerce in Ghana, following large investments in ICT infrastructure. Meanwhile, Mauritania validates its e-trade readiness assessment as a tool for operationalizing the country’s ambitious national digital transformation agenda 2022-2025.

Topics: Digital divide, e-commerce, readiness

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Governments are ambitious in reducing the digital divides

Supporting facts:

• As per Pedro Moreno ECOWAS adopted its first e-commerce strategy. Kenya is launching its first national e-commerce strategy. Tunisia is implementing an action-plan contributing to digitalization of the central bank’s information system. Zimbabwe is about to embark on this journey.

Topics: Digital divide, government initiative

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Importance of moving from policy recommendations to implemented initiatives in e-commerce

Supporting facts:

• Moderator’s question to Minister Abdullahi Lulia indicates the need for practical groundwork in terms of execution of policy recommendation rather than just making them.

Topics: e-commerce, implementation, policies

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Understanding specific countries’ challenges is essential for developing comprehensive digital transformation strategies

Supporting facts:

• Mohamed Abdallahi Louly, the speaker, outlined seven primary challenges faced by his country, including limited Internet infrastructure, payment and finance barriers, lack of trust and security, logistical and infrastructural concerns, patterns of market fragmentation, and a digital literacy gap.

Topics: Internet Infrastructure, Digital Literacy, Market Fragmentation

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Promising avenues to address these challenges include the growth of the ICT sector, the uptake of mobile money, and the introduction of digital currencies

Supporting facts:

• The speaker mentioned the success of digital wallets, with some activities moving from 11% electronic based to 44% electronic based.

Topics: ICT Sector, Mobile Money, Digital Currencies

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Diagnostic studies, like UNCTAD’s e-trade readiness assessment, can help countries develop a roadmap for building an enabling environment for e-commerce

Supporting facts:

• Isabelle Kumar, the moderator, asked about the potential benefit of a diagnostic study in developing a roadmap for coping with technology-related challenges.

Topics: E-Trade Readiness Assessment, UNCTAD

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Zimbabwe is ready to implement e-commerce.

Supporting facts:

• Zimbabwe has started embarking on creating both soft and hard digital infrastructure.

• The country is in the process of drafting a computer crime and a cyber crime act.

• Zimbabwe currently has about 200 community information centers.

• Different government services can be accessed online through Zim Connect portal.

Topics: Digital Economy, Infrastructure, E-commerce, Research

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Zimbabwe seeks partnership with UNCTAD to refine their e-commerce implementation.

Supporting facts:

• Zimbabwe wants UNCTAD to identify gaps in their e-commerce implementation, assess barriers to their roadmap, and help develop tools to measure their progress.

Topics: Partnership for Goals, E-commerce, Digital Infrastructure, Research

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Cambodia’s commitment to make e-commerce a national development priority

Supporting facts:

• Cambodia’s journey started with an e-trade readiness assessment in 2017, which was later followed by a national strategy and the creation of a public-led platform.

• The country’s last e-week in Geneva saw the launch of the Cambodia trade marketplace, a flagship initiative towards developing an inclusive digital economy and society.

Topics: e-commerce development, policy implementation, digital economy, inclusive digital society

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Importance of the support of development partners in encouraging cross-border trade and develop robust ecommerce ecosystem

Supporting facts:

• Cambodia has received support from development partners for the implementing projects including Go for ECAM and Sea Trade for SME, which has a strong orientation toward e-commerce and cross-border trade

Topics: Cross-border trade, Ecommerce development, Partnership

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Isabelle emphasizes the importance of UNCTRAL’s role in developing harmonized legal texts for e-commerce and the digital economy

Supporting facts:

• UNCTRAL provides assistance to governments to prepare laws and regulations

• These laws are crucial for building trust in online transactions

• UNCTRAL has contributed to many e-trade readiness assessments, including in Mauritania

Topics: UNCTRAL, e-commerce, digital economy, legal texts

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Komoran Trade is a successful e-commerce platform in Cambodia, especially for SMEs that are provincial, women-led enterprises.

Supporting facts:

• Currently, 166 SMEs are using the platform, almost half the number are provincial and women-led SMEs

• The platform is under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Commerce of Cambodia

• It provides an opportunity for SMEs to connect with domestic and cross-border buyers and business partners free of charge.

• Offers a fully integrated logistic service providers and payment gateways.

Topics: e-commerce, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Digitalization, Women-led enterprises

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Importance of collaboration in developing digital commerce platform

Supporting facts:

• Mohamed Abdallahi Louly mentions an agenda for digital economy that is a collaboration between government ministries and partners of developments

• A High Council of Digital led by the Prime Minister emphasizes the importance of the digital commerce platform

Topics: Digital Commerce, Collaboration, Digital Economy

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The need for a legal landscape for e-commerce that is comprehensive and inclusive

Supporting facts:

• Isabelle Kumar talks about ensuring that legal texts and frameworks take into account the interests of all actors

• Ongoing dialogue with key partners, stakeholders in e-commerce, central bank, ministry, etc. mentioned by Mohamed Abdallahi Louly implies the need for a robust legal landscape

Topics: E-Commerce, Legal Framework

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The process of developing legal frameworks should not be in silos

Supporting facts:

• H.E. Massandjé Toure-Litse stressed the importance of assistance in implementation of legal infrastructure and how the organization works with different organizations such as UNDP

• He also mentioned that the focus should not solely be on large companies like Amazon, but also on the smallest players

Topics: Legislative Organization, United Nations, E-commerce, SMEs

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Appreciates the local adaptations of global business models

Supporting facts:

• Cited examples of local Uber-like and Uber Eats-like companies being developed in Mohamed Abdallahi Louly’s country to suit their specific needs.

• Mentioned how these locally developed solutions can be more inclusive.

Topics: Local Businesses, E-commerce, Technology

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Market fragmentation challenge can be addressed by standardizing trust in platforms

Supporting facts:

• Standardization of a platform to be labeled as a trusted and technically acceptable solution

• When one or two companies can get the label, they will have the support and then they will succeed

Topics: Market Fragmentation, E-commerce, Start-up Act

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Moderator enquiring on ways to improve the digital infrastructure to enable a better e-commerce

Supporting facts:

• Question from John Odona, Head of Business Development and Special Projects at Fortis Mobile Money about improving inadequate infrastructure for better e-commerce and digital trade in Africa

Topics: e-commerce, digital infrastructure

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Have a holistic approach, end-to-end vision while considering specific context of each country

Supporting facts:

• Mentioned by the Minister Luli of Mauritania

• Suggested to build from the specific context of each country

Topics: Trade, e-trade, Digital Trade

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Encourages collaboration across the board, involving private sector and development partners

Supporting facts:

• Involves getting private sector to work together to lay groundwork

Topics: Private sector, Development partners

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Build a conducive legal environment for enabling a digital ecosystem

Supporting facts:

• As mentioned by the Ambassador

• Enables immediate implementation

• Avoids making it too restrictive

Topics: Digital ecosystem, Legal environment

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Report

During the discussion, speakers highlighted the importance of e-commerce readiness and reducing digital divides in various countries. Ghana and Mauritania were praised for their strong potential in e-commerce and their commitment to national digital transformation. Ghana, in particular, has made significant investments in ICT infrastructure, positioning them well for e-commerce opportunities.

Similarly, Mauritania validated its e-trade readiness assessment, which is seen as a crucial tool in operationalising the country’s ambitious national digital transformation agenda. Governments such as ECOWAS, Kenya, Tunisia, and Zimbabwe were commended for their ambitious strategies in reducing digital divides.

ECOWAS adopted its first e-commerce strategy, Kenya is launching its first national e-commerce strategy, Tunisia is implementing an action plan to contribute to the digitalisation of the central bank’s information system, and Zimbabwe is about to embark on a journey towards e-commerce.

These efforts reflect a strong commitment by governments to bridge the digital divide and create opportunities for their citizens. It was emphasised that moving from policy recommendations to implemented initiatives is crucial in e-commerce. Merely making policy recommendations is not enough; practical groundwork and execution of these recommendations are essential.

The importance of executing policies for effective e-commerce was highlighted during the discussion. Specific challenges facing countries include limited internet infrastructure, payment and finance barriers, lack of trust and security, logistical and infrastructural concerns, market fragmentation, and a digital literacy gap.

Overcoming these challenges requires the growth of the ICT sector, the uptake of mobile money, and the introduction of digital currencies. These promising avenues can address the various barriers to e-commerce. Diagnostic studies, such as UNCTAD’s e-trade readiness assessment, were acknowledged as valuable tools for countries to develop a roadmap for building an enabling environment for e-commerce.

These studies help identify areas of improvement and guide countries in enhancing their e-commerce capabilities. Zimbabwe, in particular, is ready to implement e-commerce with its efforts to create both soft and hard digital infrastructure. They have made progress in creating a conducive environment for e-commerce, including drafting a computer crime and a cybercrime act.

Currently, Zimbabwe has about 200 community information centres, and different government services can be accessed online through the Zim Connect portal. Zimbabwe seeks partnership with UNCTAD to refine their e-commerce implementation. They aim to collaborate with UNCTAD to identify gaps in their e-commerce implementation, assess barriers to their roadmap, and develop tools to measure their progress.

Cambodia’s inclusive approach to developing e-commerce and digital trade was highlighted as a model for other developing countries. Their journey started with an e-trade readiness assessment in 2017, followed by a national strategy and the creation of a public-led platform. During Cambodia’s last e-week in Geneva, the Cambodia trade marketplace was launched, demonstrating their commitment to developing an inclusive digital economy and society.

The importance of collaboration between government ministries and development partners in developing digital commerce platforms was emphasised. This collaborative approach ensures that different perspectives and expertise are considered and integrated into the planning and implementation process. The need for comprehensive and inclusive legal frameworks for e-commerce was also discussed.

Legal texts and frameworks should take into account the interests of all actors involved and ensure a robust legal landscape. The role of organisations like UNCTAD in providing assistance to governments in preparing these laws and regulations was acknowledged. Trust in online transactions was highlighted as essential for the effective functioning of e-commerce.

Without trust, consumers may hesitate to engage in online transactions, hindering the growth of e-commerce. Mauritania was mentioned as an example where the lack of trust is a challenge that needs to be addressed. Efforts to support women-led SMEs and provincial businesses through e-commerce platforms were recognised.

Cambodia’s Komoran Trade platform, supervised by the Ministry of Commerce, provides an opportunity for SMEs to connect with domestic and cross-border buyers and business partners. This initiative supports gender equality and inclusive economic growth by enabling women-led enterprises to participate in e-commerce.

Observations from the discussion include the appreciation for local adaptations of global business models. Locally developed solutions that cater to specific needs were mentioned, highlighting their inclusiveness and effectiveness. The importance of a conducive digital ecosystem and the role of the government in fostering small businesses and the startup ecosystem were supported.

The release of laws designed to support small businesses and startups in Mohamed Abdallahi Louly’s country was acknowledged as a positive step. Market fragmentation challenges in e-commerce can be addressed by standardising trust in platforms. The idea of labelling platforms as trusted and technically acceptable solutions was discussed, which could provide support and opportunities for success to those platforms.

Improving digital infrastructure for better e-commerce and digital trade in Africa was a topic of discussion. Moderator, John Odona, raised a question about ways to enhance inadequate infrastructure to enable better e-commerce. This highlighted the importance of investing in digital infrastructure to support e-commerce development in the region.

A holistic approach and consideration of the specific context of each country were emphasised in developing digital trade. It is important not to adopt a one-size-fits-all approach but to tailor strategies and initiatives to suit the unique circumstances of each country.

Collaboration involving the private sector and development partners was encouraged to foster cross-sector partnerships and lay the groundwork for successful e-commerce ecosystems. The involvement of development partners was seen as crucial in encouraging cross-border trade and supporting the development of a robust e-commerce environment.

Building a conducive legal environment for a digital ecosystem was highlighted as an important factor in promoting e-commerce. Laws and regulations should be comprehensive, inclusive, and consider the interests of all actors involved. The discussion also emphasised the importance of inclusion and eliminating exclusion in e-commerce.

It was stressed that exclusion should be eradicated at all costs, and efforts should be made to ensure equal access and opportunities for all. This reflects a commitment to reducing inequalities and promoting inclusive economic growth through e-commerce. In conclusion, the discussion highlighted the importance of e-commerce readiness, reducing digital divides, and fostering inclusive digital ecosystems in various countries.

Governments, development partners, and organisations such as UNCTAD play crucial roles in supporting countries in their e-commerce implementation efforts. Collaboration, practical implementation of policies, trust in online transactions, and inclusive approaches were among the key factors discussed in developing successful e-commerce ecosystems.

By addressing challenges, investing in infrastructure, and fostering partnerships, countries can leverage the potential of e-commerce for economic growth and social development.

Arguments

Mauritania’s government is prioritizing digital transformation to modernize the country and spur the development of e-commerce.

Supporting facts:

• Mauritania’s National Digital Transformation Agenda runs from 2022 to 2025.

• The country has established two important laws on e-commerce

Topics: e-commerce, digital transformation, modernization

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The country continues to face significant challenges in its pursuit of e-commerce development, including limited Internet infrastructure, payment and financial obstacles, security and trust issues, logistic hurdles, regulatory concerns, a digital literacy gap, and market fragmentation.

Supporting facts:

• The development of e-commerce is confined to two main cities with limited activities in the rest of the country.

• The country has seen limited success with electronic wallets.

• More than 14 websites are involved in online e-commerce in Mauritania, indicating a highly fragmented market.

Topics: Internet infrastructure, payment and financial barriers, security and trust, logistics and infrastructure, regulatory hurdles, digital literacy, market fragmentation

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National Digital Transformation Agenda of Mauritania is a country-wide document with inputs from several parties.

Supporting facts:

• The DNA was developed with participation from various government ministries and development partners.

• Two major projects have already seen success in the implementation process.

Topics: Digital Transformation

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Continuous dialogue with stakeholders is essential for successful digital transition.

Supporting facts:

• Continued discussions with key e-commerce partners, central bank, Ministry of Commerce have helped shape the process.

• A workshop with participation from the Ministry of Commerce has taken place.

Topics: Stakeholder Engagement, Digital Transition

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The High Council of Digital aids in the governance and decision-making process.

Supporting facts:

• High Council of Digital is composed of seven ministries and is led by the Prime Minister.

Topics: Governance, Decision-making

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Local businesses are being encouraged to develop and build their own technologies to enable e-commerce

Supporting facts:

• The speaker cites two examples of Uber-like companies that have been started by local businesses and developed entirely by local competencies

• The speaker described the solutions as more inclusive as they cater to specific local contexts and even accommodate people without the requisite competencies to order via normal channels

Topics: E-commerce, Local businesses, Technology development

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Addressing market fragmentation through standardized trust in e-commerce platforms

Supporting facts:

• The fragmentation exists because there is no standard for a platform to be labeled as trustworthy

• Involvement in the process of establishing fitness standards for platforms

• Introduction of Startup Act

Topics: Market fragmentation, Trust, Standardization

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Capitalizing on existing infrastructure is essential to extend connectivity

Supporting facts:

• They are advancing discussions with local energy company for creating city networks using fiber optics

• 80% cost of fiber optics is in digging, hence planning with different sectors that involve digging can save resources

Topics: Infrastructure, Fiber Optics, Connectivity, Telecommunication

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Investment is imperative to build infrastructure

Supporting facts:

• No progress can be made without investment

• $30 million have been mobilized in infrastructure

Topics: Investment, Infrastructure, Budget

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E-commerce should be viewed as an end-to-end experience, not only focussed on technology but also infrastructure, delivery, warehousing, transportation system

Topics: E-commerce, Technology, Infrastructure, Delivery, Warehousing, Transportation system

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Importance of considering the specific context of each country including regulatory aspects, ways to build trust, and strategies to overcome the digital literacy gap when enhancing the digital economy

Topics: Digital Economy, Literacy Gap, Regulation, Trust

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Report

Mauritania’s government is prioritising digital transformation to modernise the country and stimulate the development of e-commerce. However, the country faces significant challenges, including limited internet infrastructure, payment and financial obstacles, security and trust issues, logistical hurdles, regulatory concerns, a digital literacy gap, and market fragmentation.

To address these challenges, Mauritania has developed the National Digital Transformation Agenda (DNA) with input from various government ministries and development partners. Continuous dialogue with stakeholders, such as e-commerce partners, the central bank, and the Ministry of Commerce, is essential for a successful digital transition.

The High Council of Digital, composed of seven ministries and led by the Prime Minister, aids in the governance and decision-making process. The government encourages local businesses to develop their own technologies for e-commerce, enabling more inclusive solutions that cater to specific local contexts.

They have also released laws supporting small business start-ups and providing incentives for import and local market share. Efforts are being made to address market fragmentation and standardise trust in e-commerce platforms. The government advocates for defined standards and supports companies that meet them.

Capitalising on existing infrastructure, such as fibre optics, is seen as essential for extending connectivity. Investment is imperative to build the necessary infrastructure for e-commerce development, and $30 million has already been mobilised for this purpose. Satellite opportunities, like Starlink, have been utilised to connect remote areas and reduce inequalities.

Overall, Mauritania is committed to overcoming the challenges it faces in achieving digital transformation and fostering the growth of e-commerce. The government’s initiatives, in collaboration with stakeholders, aim to address infrastructure limitations, regulatory concerns, market fragmentation, and the digital literacy gap.

By leveraging existing infrastructure, making necessary investments, and promoting standardisation and trust, Mauritania can establish a strong foundation for its digital economy and drive sustainable growth.

Arguments

Support from ANCTA and partners has contributed to great achievements in the field of e-commerce.

Supporting facts:

• ECOWAS adopted its first e-commerce strategy.

• The government of Kenya is launching its national e-commerce strategy.

• The government of Tunisia is implementing an action plan to digitize its procedures.

• In Ghana, e-trade readiness assessment highlighted strong potential for e-commerce.

• Mauritania’s e-trade readiness assessment validated last month.

• Cambodia has implemented reforms to enable e-commerce.

Topics: E-commerce, ANCTA Detroit’s readiness support

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Capacity building is fundamental for addressing complexities of e-commerce and digital trade.

Supporting facts:

• In many developing countries, capacity for strategic planning, stakeholder engagement, monitoring, and evaluation needs improvement.

• E-trade readiness assessments provide essential guides for policymaking to promote digital transformation.

Topics: Capacity Building, E-commerce, Digital Trade

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Report

The analysis highlights significant developments and opportunities in the field of e-commerce. The adoption of ECOWAS’ first e-commerce strategy demonstrates a commitment to advancing digital trade. Kenya is launching its national e-commerce strategy, while Tunisia is implementing an action plan to digitise its procedures.

Ghana’s e-trade readiness assessment has revealed a strong potential for e-commerce, and Mauritania’s recent e-trade readiness assessment has validated this potential. Additionally, Cambodia has implemented reforms to enable e-commerce, showing dedication to embracing digital transformation. Capacity building is fundamental in addressing the complexities of e-commerce and digital trade.

Many developing countries require improvements in strategic planning, stakeholder engagement, monitoring, and evaluation. E-trade readiness assessments are crucial for informing policymaking and promoting digital transformation by identifying areas of improvement. However, challenges exist in the e-commerce field. More resources and better coordination of interventions are necessary to ensure smooth progress and implementation of e-commerce initiatives.

The pace of resource allocation is not keeping up with the actual needs, indicating a potential gap between demand and supply. Although the e-trade for all initiative plays a significant role, further efforts are needed to bridge this gap and enhance resource allocation.

To effectively implement e-commerce policies, closer collaboration with UN resident coordinator offices is recommended to strengthen government capabilities. This collaboration would enhance stakeholder engagement and strategic planning, which are crucial for effective policy implementation. Governments can leverage the expertise and resources of UN resident coordinator offices to facilitate the implementation of e-commerce policy actions.

Overall, the analysis highlights progress in the field of e-commerce, with countries adopting strategies and implementing reforms to embrace digital trade. However, more resources and better coordination are needed. Closer collaboration with UN resident coordinator offices can help strengthen government capabilities and facilitate effective policy implementation in e-commerce.