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The discussion explores the concept of Global South Solidarities in relation to digital governance. It highlights the significance of addressing common issues across different regions of the Global South, serving as a foundation for collaboration and solidarity.

Data Privacy Brazil has recently advertised a role for a digital librarian, emphasizing the need for knowledge curation and handling inquiries related to policy issues globally.

This initiative underscores the importance of information accessibility and management in the digital realm.

In addition, Data Privacy Brazil is actively working towards establishing a research fund specifically for global south initiatives. With a budget of $8,000, the organization aims to identify the most effective allocation of these funds.

Aastha Kapoor, a supporter of Data Privacy Brazil, endorses the digital librarian role and research fund initiative, highlighting their importance in promoting effective digital governance.

However, the discussion also raises concerns about the misuse of the internet as a tool for exclusion and surveillance.

Instances such as the internet shutdown in eastern India due to ongoing unrest and the confiscation of phones from Syrian refugees at European borders demonstrate the negative impact of these practices.

Digital inequality is another issue highlighted, with the experiences of Uber drivers worldwide reflecting similar forms of harm.

This exacerbates existing inequalities and underscores the need to address the negative consequences of internet use.

Furthermore, the discussion emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts among global movements to create institutional and financial architectures that support the objectives of the Global South.

This highlights the importance of partnerships and working together to achieve sustainable development goals.

A holistic approach is also advocated, enabling wider participation in discussions and ensuring inclusivity. Challenges related to timing, access, and immigration restrictions need to be addressed to foster productive discussions and collaborations.

Overcoming these challenges is crucial for realizing the full potential of global South solidarities.

Flexibility and commitment to civil society are considered critical in ensuring successful collaboration between civil society and the private sector. Both entities have shown solidarity in opposing unsuitable legislation, further highlighting their significance in digital governance.

The role of the Digital Librarian in the Global South Solidarities initiative is of great prominence.

The Digital Librarian is responsible for curating all work, ensuring organization, and addressing profound questions about the digital universe raised by members. This role serves as a crucial pillar in fostering collaborative efforts and effective knowledge dissemination.

Furthermore, plans for a mutual fund and network mapping for global solidarity are currently underway.

The mutual fund will be launched and announced in Brazil in November, with discussions on capacity building and funding opportunities as next steps. Network mapping aims to identify similar initiatives and learn from efforts that bring various organizations in the Global South together on different issues.

Overall, the discussion highlights the vital role of Global South Solidarities in digital governance.

Collaborative efforts, such as those pursued by Data Privacy Brazil, and the support of individuals like Aastha Kapoor, connect various initiatives and individuals in pursuit of common goals. However, challenges related to exclusion, surveillance, and digital inequality must be addressed to ensure the effectiveness and inclusivity of global South solidarities.

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The Global South Solidarities project is currently accepting applications for the position of Digital Librarian. This role involves curating and organizing the project’s work, as well as addressing any queries. The project places great importance on effective management and accessibility of its resources.

There is a growing global effort to bring organizations in the Global South together on various issues.

This collaboration and partnership demonstrate a collective approach to promoting solidarity and tackling common challenges faced by countries in the Global South.

In November, a fund will be launched in Brazil to support the Global South Solidarities project.

This initiative aims to reduce inequalities and promote sustainable development in line with SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities. Fundraising efforts like this highlight the project’s commitment to not only raise awareness but also mobilize financial resources for its cause.

During a recent talk, the speaker received overwhelming gratitude and appreciation from the audience.

This positive reception indicates the effectiveness of the project in conveying its message and inspiring action. It reflects the project’s ability to engage individuals and foster a sense of solidarity.

Overall, the Global South Solidarities project actively promotes collaboration, addresses inequalities, and provides a platform for shared dialogue among organizations in the Global South.

By seeking a Digital Librarian, launching a fund in Brazil, and receiving positive feedback, the project is making significant progress towards its objectives.

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Fernanda, a director at Internet Lab, a think tank in São Paulo, Brazil, is excited about attending the upcoming Data Privacy Brazil conference. As a representative of the Global South, she aims to engage in meaningful exchanges and discussions with other participants to address the challenges they currently face.

Internet Lab, known for focusing on digital rights and policies, considers Fernanda’s presence at the conference significant.

As a director, she possesses extensive knowledge and insights into the complexities of data privacy. Her participation will enable her to share these perspectives and exchange ideas with other experts in the field.

Being from the Global South, Fernanda brings a unique perspective to the table.

The challenges faced by countries in this region regarding data privacy may differ from those in developed countries. Participation in the conference allows Fernanda to shed light on these specific challenges and contribute to developing solutions that are inclusive and reflective of the needs of the Global South.

The Data Privacy Brazil conference serves as a platform for professionals and researchers to come together and discuss the latest developments, concerns, and potential solutions in the field of data privacy.

Fernanda’s attendance offers an opportunity for collaboration and learning from different experiences and approaches. By fostering connections and conversations, attendees, including Fernanda, strive to create a more comprehensive and impactful framework for data privacy.

Overall, Fernanda’s presence at the Data Privacy Brazil conference symbolizes the increasing importance and attention given to data privacy in Brazil and the Global South.

Her commitment to confronting challenges and fostering collaboration reflects the dedication of Internet Lab and other organizations in the region to advocate for robust data protection policies.

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In Bangladesh, students are facing a severe shortage of original textbooks, which is negatively impacting their access to a quality education. Ifran, a senior lecturer in law and human rights in Bangladesh, has highlighted the difficulties his students have in accessing original textbooks.

This lack of access to textbooks hampers their learning experience and limits their acquisition of knowledge.

The problem of limited access to knowledge extends beyond textbooks. Journal articles and research papers are predominantly behind paywalls, making them inaccessible to individuals in countries like Bangladesh.

This limits researchers, academics, and students who rely on these resources for their studies and critical analysis. To overcome this problem, pirated sites like Sci-Hub have become alternative sources for accessing research materials.

The implications of these challenges are significant.

The lack of original textbooks restricts students’ ability to learn and engage with the subjects effectively, hindering academic progress and limiting potential for success. Furthermore, the limited access to research materials and scholarly articles stifles intellectual growth and inhibits the development of innovative solutions to societal problems.

It is evident that solutions are urgently needed to bridge the knowledge divide, particularly between the North and South, where disparities in access to information and education are more prevalent.

Addressing this issue would enhance educational opportunities in countries like Bangladesh and promote global collaboration and the exchange of ideas, leading to greater innovation and progress.

In conclusion, the shortage of original textbooks and limited access to knowledge in Bangladesh have profound implications for students’ educational experiences and the overall intellectual growth of the country.

The emergence of pirated sites as alternatives highlights the urgent need for solutions to alleviate this knowledge divide. By reducing barriers to accessing information and fostering global collaboration, we can work towards a more equitable and prosperous future.

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The analysis focuses on several key topics related to global partnerships, civil society participation, and data privacy. One of the main points discussed is the importance of joint contributions in Global South Solidarities. The analysis highlights that Data Privacy Brazil made a joint contribution with civil society entities from India, including the Institute, Paradigm Initiative, and Internet Bolivia.

This demonstrates the significance of collaboration and collective efforts in addressing global challenges.

Another prominent topic discussed is the need for greater participation and advocacy with government representatives. It is noted that issues such as surveillance, internet shutdowns, and censorship are primarily discussed in multilateral spaces like the UN, with limited opportunities for civil society participation.

This argument underscores the importance of amplifying the voices of civil society actors in decision-making processes and advocating for their inclusion in relevant discussions.

The analysis also supports the idea of collective contribution to the Global Digital Compact of the UN.

Data Privacy Brazil made a joint contribution with civil society entities from different countries to the Global Digital Compact. This showcases the support for collaborative efforts in achieving the goals outlined in the compact, emphasizing the importance of partnerships and shared responsibility.

Furthermore, the analysis advocates for increased capacity for civil society to participate in discussions at multilateral spaces like the UN.

It suggests that issues such as surveillance, internet shutdowns, and censorship are predominantly discussed in multilateral spaces, which often have limited opportunities for civil society engagement. The analysis positively highlights the need for increased civil society participation and the importance of their perspectives in shaping policies and decisions related to peace, justice, and strong institutions.

The overall sentiment of the analysis is positive towards joint contributions and increasing civil society participation.

It underscores the importance of collaboration, shared responsibility, and amplifying civil society voices to effectively address global challenges. Notably, the analysis sheds light on the critical issue of data privacy and the limited spaces available for civil society participation in discussions regarding surveillance, internet shutdowns, and censorship.

In conclusion, the analysis presents a comprehensive overview of the importance of joint contributions, increased civil society participation, and collective efforts in addressing global challenges.

It highlights the significance of partnerships and shared responsibility in the Global South Solidarities and the Global Digital Compact of the UN. The analysis also emphasizes the need to expand the space for civil society participation and the importance of their perspectives in relevant multilateral discussions.

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Miki is currently employed by a startup that has a commendable objective of collecting primary information about social issues from an extensive range of over 1000 sources. The startup’s primary aim is to ensure that individuals have access to information that enables them to think independently and make informed decisions about various matters affecting society.

By providing comprehensive information, the startup hopes to empower people by equipping them with the knowledge necessary to participate actively in democratic processes.

Miki strongly believes in the fundamental significance of access to information in fostering real democracy.

Recognizing that a well-informed citizenry is at the core of a functioning democracy, Miki underscores the importance of ensuring that people have access to important and comprehensive information. This access fosters an environment where the public can make knowledgeable decisions, engage in meaningful discussions, and hold those in power accountable for their actions.

Miki’s support of access to information as a crucial element of democracy highlights the vital role the startup plays in promoting transparency and citizen participation.

In addition to Miki’s commitment to promoting access to information, they also exhibit a keen interest in understanding the challenges associated with creating a consensus for establishing a platform between civil society and the private sector.

While specific details of these challenges are not provided, Miki’s inclination towards exploring this topic suggests an awareness of the complexities involved in achieving cooperation between these two sectors. Such cooperation is essential to effectively address societal challenges and achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 17: Partnerships for the goals.

In conclusion, Miki’s involvement with the startup reflects their dedication to making primary information about social issues accessible to individuals around the world.

Their belief in the transformative power of access to information for democracy underscores the critical role played by the startup in fostering transparency and citizen engagement. Moreover, Miki’s eagerness to understand the difficulties involved in establishing a consensus between civil society and the private sector reflects their commitment to exploring innovative solutions and fostering partnerships for achieving sustainable development.

Overall, their involvement in these domains demonstrates a forward-thinking mindset and a strong drive to contribute positively to society.

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In Brazil, a collaborative digital librarian initiative has been launched with the objective of curating, organizing, and disseminating knowledge related to digital rights. This initiative is a partnership between Data Privacy Brazil, Apti Institute, and Paradigm Initiatives. The digital librarian will play a crucial role in this endeavor by curating and sharing information on digital rights.

The initiative has been positively received, with individuals expressing excitement and anticipation for its impact on strengthening engagement among Global South organizations.

However, despite the positive reception, there are challenges that hinder the achievement of consensus within the digital rights landscape.

One of the key challenges is the presence of conflicts of interest between civil society and the private sector. This conflict becomes particularly evident in the context of platform regulation, where big tech companies have been lobbying and advocating their interests to parliamentarians.

Brazil has been seeking platform regulation since January, aiming to address conflicts of interest between civil society and the private sector. The chaotic scenario resulting from these conflicts poses a significant obstacle to effective regulation.

Moreover, there are barriers faced by Global South organizations in engaging with larger international conferences.

Financial support and visa issues are cited as major hindrances, as most conferences tend to be held in the Global North. This lack of participation from Global South organizations limits their ability to contribute to global discussions on digital rights.

To address this issue, a report titled “Voices from Global South” will be launched, shedding light on the obstacles faced by these organizations and sparking discussions around potential solutions.

In conclusion, the digital librarian initiative in Brazil holds promise for advancing knowledge and engagement in the field of digital rights within the Global South.

However, challenges such as conflicts of interest and barriers to participation in international conferences need to be addressed. It is believed that comprehensive platform regulation is essential and must consider the interests of all societal sectors, including civil society and the private sector, to effectively tackle these challenges.

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The securitisation of the internet by states poses a threat to its open nature. This is evident through the investment in surveillance technologies such as internet throttling and shutdowns. Additionally, the introduction of regulations on social media and internet companies undermines user rights.

An instance of this is seen in the Chinese firewall and internet censorship during the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

However, it is argued that the internet should remain open and free from borders as its original purpose was to connect the world without limitations.

Unfortunately, the experience of using the internet is becoming increasingly dissimilar from one country to another due to the implementation of digital borders. Furthermore, there is an alarming trend of states moving towards digital authoritarianism, further challenging the open nature of the internet.

In the Global South, opportunities for collaboration among civil society groups are limited due to current policies.

Political issues between governments in South Asia prevent civil society groups from convening, hindering their ability to work together effectively. Despite this, there is potential for collaboration as legislation in countries like Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan mirrors each other, indicating scope for collaboration in the future.

To facilitate effective global collaboration, it is argued that a multi-stakeholder and representative approach to global digital discussions is essential.

It is emphasised that digital discussions should involve a variety of stakeholders, including civil society. This inclusive approach ensures that diverse voices and perspectives are considered, ultimately leading to more comprehensive and effective outcomes.

Engagement with the private sector is seen as valuable in driving progress.

In cases where there is shared interest between civil society and companies on legislation, their cooperation can lead to state backtracking. This highlights the importance of collaboration between different sectors in influencing policy-making and shaping the future of the internet.

Building regional solidarities and conversations is deemed necessary for promoting collaboration.

Organisations from various Global South countries are coming together, indicating progress in this direction. This regional collaboration has the potential to strengthen advocacy and drive positive change on a larger scale.

Effective advocacy is seen as crucial, and it should be based on quality research.

Existing research can serve as a solid foundation for advocacy efforts. By utilising past studies and knowledge, advocacy campaigns can be more informed and persuasive, leading to a higher chance of success.

Translating knowledge into concrete actions and strategies is seen as the next step in achieving desired outcomes.

A joint advocacy strategy based on research has been suggested, emphasising the need for practical implementation and the transformation of knowledge into tangible results.

In conclusion, the securitisation of the internet by states poses a threat to its open nature.

The internet should remain borderless, and efforts should be made to counter the trend towards digital authoritarianism. Collaboration among civil society groups in the Global South faces challenges, including immigration and accessibility issues. A multi-stakeholder and representative approach to global digital discussions is advocated for effective collaboration.

Engagement with the private sector can be valuable in influencing policymaking. Building regional solidarities and effective advocacy based on quality research are crucial in driving positive change. Translating knowledge into concrete actions and strategies is the necessary next step for achieving desired outcomes.

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The analysis reveals that there are various international platforms available for collaboration and discussion in the field of internet governance. Notable examples include the African Internet Governance Forum and the Digital Rights and Inclusion Forum. These platforms offer opportunities for experts and stakeholders to come together, share knowledge, and address pertinent issues related to internet governance.

Collaboration and joint efforts are identified as crucial elements in impacting policy change and promoting effective data governance.

The report highlights the significance of collaborative initiatives in driving positive outcomes. For instance, Paradigm Initiative collaborated with Data Privacy Brazil at their forum, indicating a commitment to sustaining such partnerships. Joint statements and submissions are also recognised as effective measures, with previous collaboration on the Global Data Commons (GDC) process involving Kiktonet, Data Privacy Brazil, and Apti.

However, engaging the private sector in internet governance discussions can be challenging.

The analysis notes that the private sector often exhibits reluctance to participate in these conversations. To address this issue, closed-door meetings and invitations to regional convenings have been proposed as effective strategies to encourage private sector engagement.

Moreover, discriminatory practices have been identified as barriers to the participation of individuals from the Global South in internet governance conversations.

The visa process and financial costs associated with attending international forums and events disproportionately impact people from less affluent regions. An example is provided where a colleague from Data Privacy Brazil was unable to attend the Global Internet Governance Forum due to such issues.

This highlights the need to address discriminatory practices and ensure equal participation and representation from individuals across the globe.

To foster better internet governance and counter rights violations, it is recommended to increase support and funding for digital rights organizations in the Global South.

Establishing a strong, unified movement and fund can empower these organizations to confront violations occurring within their countries effectively. Investing in these organizations can also lead to advancements in digital rights and strengthen the push for improved internet governance.

In conclusion, the analysis sheds light on several key aspects of internet governance.

It emphasizes the importance of collaboration, especially with regards to policy change and data governance. Challenges in engaging the private sector and discriminatory practices impacting the participation of individuals from the Global South are identified. Finally, supporting and funding digital rights organizations in the Global South is seen as a vital step towards countering rights violations and promoting better internet governance.

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The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies in developing nations presents ample opportunities for development and innovation. These technologies can provide innovative products and services that meet the needs of developing countries. For instance, mobile money, which originated in Kenya, exemplifies how AI and modern technologies are being utilized to create innovative solutions.

Moreover, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a vital role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

ICT has the potential to drive socio-economic development and significantly contribute to the chances of achieving these goals. It can enhance connectivity, access to information, and facilitate the adoption of digital solutions across various sectors.

However, despite the progress made, the issue of digital inclusion remains prominent.

As of 2022, approximately 2.7 billion people globally are still unconnected to the digital world. Bridging this digital divide is crucial to ensure equal access to opportunities and resources.

Additionally, there are challenges related to digital governance that need to be addressed.

Growing concerns about data privacy, cybersecurity, AI, internet and data fragmentation, and misinformation underscore the need for effective governance. The increasing prevalence of cyber warfare and the difficulty in distinguishing reality from fake due to advanced AI technologies are particularly worrisome.

Developing countries also face frustrations due to the perceived one-directional flow of data, concerns over big tech companies controlling data, and worries about legal jurisdiction over critical national information stored in foreign servers.

To tackle these issues, it is suggested that an AI Governance Forum be created instead of implementing a global regulation for AI.

After 20 years of discussions on internet governance, no suitable model has been developed, making the establishment of a global regulation challenging. Creating an AI Governance Forum, and sharing successful initiatives, offers a more practical approach to governing AI. This process would require the active participation of different stakeholders, making the establishment of global regulations less appealing.

AI is gaining traction in Africa, despite a limited workforce.

Many startups in Africa are leveraging AI and other database solutions to drive innovation. However, to further enhance AI adoption, there is a need to establish advanced institutions in Africa that can provide training for more AI specialists. Examples of such advanced institutions include Carnegie Mellon University in Africa and the African Institute of Mathematical Science in Rwanda.

Additionally, African students studying AI in countries like Japan and Korea are further augmenting expertise in this field.

Digital technology also presents a unique opportunity for women’s inclusion. It offers pseudonymization features that can help mask gender while providing opportunities for inclusion.

In fact, digital technology provides more avenues for women’s inclusion compared to traditional in-person environments, thereby contributing to the achievement of gender equality.

It is worth noting that open source initiatives, despite their advantages, face scalability issues.

Scalability has always been a challenge for open source initiatives and ICT for development. However, the Indian MOSSIP model has successfully demonstrated its scalability by serving 1 billion people. This highlights the importance of finding innovative solutions to overcome scalability barriers.

In conclusion, the use of AI and digital technologies in developing nations offers significant opportunities for development and innovation.

However, challenges such as digital inclusion, data privacy, cybersecurity, and data sovereignty must be addressed. Establishing an AI Governance Forum and advanced institutions for training AI specialists can contribute to harnessing these technologies more effectively. Additionally, digital technology can create unique opportunities for women’s inclusion.

Finding innovative solutions for open source scalability is also crucial for the successful adoption of ICT for development.

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The analysis of the speakers’ arguments and supporting facts revealed several key points about AI governance and its impact on various aspects of society. Firstly, there is a problem of fragmentation in AI governance, both at the national and global levels.

This fragmentation hinders the development of unified regulations and guidelines for AI technologies. Various agencies globally are dealing with AI governance, but they approach the problem from different perspectives, such as development, sociological, ethical, philosophical, and computer science. The need to reduce this fragmentation is recognized in order to achieve more effective and cohesive AI governance.

On the topic of AI as a democratic technology, it was highlighted that AI can be accessed and interacted with by anyone, which sets it apart from centralized technologies like nuclear technology.

This accessibility creates opportunities for a wider range of individuals and communities to engage with AI and benefit from its applications.

However, when considering the global governance of AI, the problem of fragmentation becomes even more apparent. The audience members noted the existence of fragmentation in global AI governance and highlighted the need for multi-stakeholder engagement in order to address this issue effectively.

Talks were mentioned about the creation of an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-like organization for AI governance, which could help in regulating and coordinating AI development across countries.

Another important aspect discussed was the need for a risk-based approach in AI governance.

One audience member, a diplomat from the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, expressed support for the EU AI Act’s risk-based approach. This approach focuses on identifying and mitigating potential risks associated with AI technologies. It was emphasized that a risk-based approach could help strike a balance between fostering innovation and ensuring accountability in AI development.

The discussions also touched upon the importance of follow-up mechanisms, oversight, and accountability in AI regulation.

Questions were raised about how to ensure the effective implementation of AI regulations and the need for monitoring the compliance of AI technologies with these regulations. This highlights the importance of establishing robust oversight mechanisms and accountability frameworks to ensure that AI technologies are developed and deployed responsibly.

In terms of the impact of AI on African countries, it was noted that while AI is emerging as a transformative technology globally, its use is geographically limited, particularly in Africa.

One audience member pointed out that the conference discussions only had a sample case from Equatorial Guinea, highlighting the lack of representation and implementation of AI technologies in African countries. It was also mentioned that Africa lacks certain expertise in AI and requires expert guidance and support to prepare for the realities of AI’s development and deployment in the region.

Furthermore, questions arose about the enforceability and applicability of human rights in the context of AI.

The difference between human rights as a moral framework and as a legal framework was discussed, along with the need to learn from established case law in International Human Rights Law. This raises important considerations about how human rights principles can be effectively integrated into AI governance and how to ensure their enforcement in AI technologies.

Additionally, concerns were voiced about managing limited resources while maintaining public stewardship in digital public goods and infrastructure.

The challenge of balancing public stewardship with scalability due to resource limitations was highlighted. This poses a significant challenge in ensuring the accessibility and availability of digital public goods while managing the constraints of resources.

Finally, the importance of inclusive data collection and hygiene in conversational AI for women’s inclusion was discussed.

Questions were raised about how to ensure equitable availability of training data in conversational AI and how to represent certain communities without infringing privacy rights or causing risks of oppression. This emphasizes the need to address biases in data collection and ensure that AI technologies are developed in a way that promotes inclusivity and respect for privacy and human rights.

In conclusion, the analysis of the speakers’ arguments and evidence highlights the challenges and opportunities in AI governance.

The problem of fragmentation at both the national and global levels calls for the need to reduce it and promote global governance. Additionally, the accessibility of AI as a democratic technology creates opportunities for wider engagement. However, there are limitations in AI adoption in African countries, emphasizing the need for extended research and expert guidance.

The enforceability and applicability of human rights in AI, managing limited resources in digital public goods, and ensuring inclusive data collection in conversational AI were also discussed. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing these issues to shape responsible and inclusive AI governance.

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Dasom Lee leads the AI and Cyber-Physical Systems Policy Lab at KAIST, where they focus on the relationship between AI, infrastructure, and environmental sustainability. The lab’s research covers energy transition, transportation, and data centers, addressing key challenges in these areas.

Currently, they have five projects aligned with their research objectives.

One significant concern is the lack of international regulations on data centers, particularly in relation to climate change. The United States, for instance, lacks strong federal regulations despite having the most data centers.

State governments also lack the expertise to propose relevant regulations. This highlights the urgent need for global standards to address the environmental impact of data centers.

In the field of automated vehicle research, there is a noticeable imbalance in focus.

The emphasis is primarily on technological improvements, neglecting the importance of social sciences in understanding the broader implications of this technology. The lab at KAIST recognizes this gap and is using quantitative and statistical methods to demonstrate the necessity of involving social science perspectives in automated vehicle research.

This comprehensive approach aims to understand the societal, economic, and ethical aspects of this advancing technology.

Privacy regulations present a unique challenge due to their contextual nature. The understanding and perception of privacy vary across geographical regions, making universal regulation unrealistic.

To address this challenge, the KAIST-NYU project plans to conduct a survey to explore privacy perceptions and potential future interactions based on culture and history. This approach will help policymakers develop tailored and effective privacy regulations that respect different cultural perspectives.

To summarise, Dasom Lee and the AI and Cyber-Physical Systems Policy Lab at KAIST are making valuable contributions to AI, infrastructure, and environmental sustainability.

Their focus on energy transition, transportation, and data centers, along with ongoing projects, demonstrates their commitment to finding practical solutions. The need for data center regulations, involvement of social sciences in automated vehicle research, and contextualization of privacy regulations are critical factors in the development of sustainable and ethical technologies.

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Kyung Ryul Park has assumed the role of moderator for a session focused on AI and digital governance, which includes seven talks specifically dedicated to exploring this topic. The session is highly relevant to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) as it delves into the intersection of technology, innovation, and the development of sustainable infrastructure.

Park’s involvement as a moderator reflects his belief in the significance of sharing knowledge and information about AI and digital governance.

This aligns with SDG 17 (Partnerships for the goals), emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to achieve sustainable development. As a moderator, Park aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the ongoing research and policy landscape in the field of AI and digital governance, demonstrating his commitment to facilitating knowledge exchange and promoting effective governance in these areas.

The inclusion of Matthew Liao, a professor at NYU, as the first speaker in the session is noteworthy.

Liao’s expertise in the field of AI and digital governance lends valuable insights and perspectives to the discussion. As the opening speaker, Liao is expected to lay the foundation for further discussions throughout the session.

Overall, the session on AI and digital governance is highly relevant to the objectives outlined in SDG 9 and SDG 17.

Through Kyung Ryul Park’s moderation and the contributions of speakers like Matthew Liao, the session aims to foster knowledge-sharing, promote effective governance, and enhance understanding of AI and its implications in the digital age.

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Australia has taken significant steps in developing AI ethics principles in collaboration with industry stakeholders. The Department of Industry and Science, in consultation with these stakeholders, established these principles in 2019. The country’s national science agency, CSIRO, along with the University of New South Wales, has been working to operationalise these principles over the past four years.

The AI ethics principles in Australia have a strong focus on human-centred values, ensuring fairness, privacy, security, reliability, safety, transparency, explainability, contestability, and accountability.

These principles aim to guide the responsible adoption of AI technology. By prioritising these values, Australia aims to ensure that AI is used in ways that respect and protect individuals’ rights and well-being.

In addition to the development of AI ethics principles, it has been suggested that the use of large language models and AI should be balanced with system-level guardrails.

OpenAI’s GPT model, for example, modifies user prompts by adding text such as ‘please always answer ethically and positively.’ This demonstrates the importance of incorporating ethical considerations into the design and use of AI technologies.

Diversity of stakeholder groups and their perspectives on AI and AI governance is viewed as a positive factor.

The presence of different concerns from these groups allows for robust discussions and a more comprehensive approach in addressing potential challenges and ensuring the responsible deployment of AI. Fragmentation in this context is seen as an opportunity rather than a negative issue.

Both horizontal and vertical regulation of AI are deemed necessary.

Horizontal regulation entails regulating AI as a whole, while vertical regulation focuses on specific AI products. It is crucial to strike a balance and ensure that there are no overlaps or conflicts between these regulations.

Collaboration and wider stakeholder involvement are considered vital for effective AI governance.

Scientific evidence and advice should come from diverse sources and require broader collaboration between policy and stakeholder groups. This approach ensures that AI policies and decisions are based on a comprehensive understanding of the technology and its impact.

Overall, Australia’s development of AI ethics principles, the emphasis on system-level guardrails, recognition of diverse stakeholder perspectives, and the need for both horizontal and vertical regulation reflect a commitment to responsible and accountable AI adoption.

Continued collaboration, engagement, and evidence-based policymaking are essential to navigate the evolving landscape of AI technology.

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The analysis examines multiple perspectives on the importance of regulating AI. The speakers stress the necessity of regulations to prevent harm and protect human rights. They argue that regulations should be based on a human rights framework, focusing on the promotion and safeguarding of human rights in relation to AI.

They suggest conducting human rights impact assessments and implementing regulations at every stage of the technology process.

The speakers all agree that AI regulations should not be limited to the tech industry or experts. They propose a collective approach involving tech companies, AI researchers, governments, universities, and the public.

This multi-stakeholder approach would ensure inclusivity and effectiveness in the regulation process.

Enforceability is identified as a major challenge in implementing AI regulations. The complexity of enforcing regulations and ensuring compliance is acknowledged. The speakers believe that regulations should be enforceable but recognize the difficulties involved.

The analysis draws comparisons to other regulated industries, such as nuclear energy and the biomedical model.

The speakers argue that a collective approach, similar to nuclear energy regulation, is necessary in addressing AI challenges. They also suggest using the biomedical model as a reference for AI regulation, given its successful regulation of drug discovery.

A risk-based approach to AI regulation is proposed, considering that different AI applications carry varying levels of risk.

The speakers advocate for categorizing AI into risk-based levels, determining the appropriate regulations for each level.

Potential concerns regarding regulatory capture are discussed, where regulatory agencies may be influenced by the industries they regulate. However, the analysis highlights the aviation industry as an example.

Despite concerns of regulatory capture, regulations have driven safety innovations in aviation.

In summary, the analysis underscores the importance of AI regulation in mitigating risks and protecting human rights. It emphasizes the need for a human rights framework, a collective approach involving various stakeholders, enforceability, risk-based categorization, and lessons from other regulated industries.

Challenges such as enforceability and regulatory capture are acknowledged, but the analysis encourages the implementation of effective regulations for responsible and ethical AI use.

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Digital inclusion is an essential aspect of modern society and is closely linked to the goal of gender equality. It plays a crucial role in integrating marginalized individuals into the use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools. Programs conducted in Afghanistan have shown that digital inclusion efforts can empower women by providing them with the knowledge and resources to actively engage with ICT technologies, bridging the societal gap and enabling them to participate more fully in digital spaces.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significant potential in facilitating digital inclusion and promoting social good.

Case studies conducted in Afghanistan demonstrate that integrating AI into online platforms predominantly used by women can enhance diversity, reduce inhibitions, and foster innovative thinking among participants. This highlights the transformative impact of AI in empowering individuals and ensuring their active involvement in digital spaces.

Additionally, emphasizing community empowerment and inclusion in data collection processes is crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

By involving local communities in training programs focused on AI systems, effective datasets can be created and maintained, ensuring diversity and representation. This approach recognizes the significance of empowering communities and involving them in decision-making processes, thereby promoting inclusivity and collaborative efforts in achieving the SDGs.

It is worth noting that training AI systems solely in English can lead to biases towards specific contexts.

To address this bias and ensure a fairer and more inclusive AI system, training AI in different languages has been implemented in Indonesia and Afghanistan. By expanding the linguistic training of AI, biases towards specific contexts can be minimized, contributing to a more equitable and inclusive implementation of AI technologies.

Moreover, AI has been employed in Afghanistan to address various challenges faced by women and promote women’s empowerment and gender equality.

By utilizing AI for women empowerment initiatives, Afghanistan takes a proactive approach to address gender disparities and promote inclusivity in society.

In conclusion, digital inclusion, AI, and community empowerment are crucial components in achieving the SDGs and advancing towards a sustainable and equitable future.

Successful programs in Afghanistan demonstrate the transformative potential of digital inclusion in empowering women. AI can further facilitate digital inclusion and promote social good by enhancing diversity and inclusivity in digital spaces. Emphasizing community empowerment and inclusion in data collection processes is essential for creating effective and diverse datasets.

Training AI in different languages helps minimize bias towards specific contexts, promoting fairness and inclusivity. Lastly, utilizing AI for women empowerment initiatives contributes significantly to achieving gender equality and equity.

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The intersection between advanced technologies and developing countries can have negative implications for social and economic problems. In Colombia, drug cartels have found a new method of distribution by using the cable car system. This not only enables more efficient operations for the cartels but also poses a significant challenge to law enforcement agencies.

Another concern is the potential misuse of AI technologies in communities that are already vulnerable to illicit activities.

The speakers highlight the need to address this issue, as the advanced capabilities of AI can be exploited by those involved in criminal activities, further exacerbating social and economic problems in these areas.

In terms of governance, the Ethiopian government faces challenges due to the fragmentation of its ICT and information systems.

There are multiple systems running on different platforms that do not communicate with each other. This lack of integration and coordination hampers efficient governance and slows down decision-making processes. It is clear that the government needs to address this issue in order to improve overall effectiveness and service delivery.

Furthermore, the dependence of Equatorial Guinea on foreign technology, particularly Huawei and China for its ICT infrastructure, raises concerns about technology sovereignty.

By relying heavily on external entities for critical technology infrastructure, the country runs the risk of losing control over its own systems and data. This dependence undermines the ability to exercise full control and authority over technological advancements within the country.

The speakers express a negative sentiment towards these issues, highlighting the detrimental impact they can have on social and economic development.

It is crucial for policymakers and stakeholders to address these challenges and find appropriate solutions to mitigate the negative effects of advanced technologies in developing countries.

Overall, the analysis reveals the potential risks and challenges that arise from the intersection of advanced technologies and developing countries.

By considering these issues, policymakers can make more informed decisions and implement strategies that help to maximize the benefits of technology while minimizing the negative consequences.

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Upon analysis, several compelling arguments and ideas related to artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on various domains emerge. The first argument revolves around the development of a hyper-democracy platform, initiated by the Co-Agri system in 2010. Although the specific details regarding this system are not provided, it can be inferred that the intention is to leverage AI to enhance democratic processes.

This project is regarded positively, indicating an optimistic outlook on the potential of AI in improving democratic systems globally.

Another noteworthy argument is the role of AI in addressing social network problems such as fake news and echo chambers.

Recognising the text structures by AI is highlighted as a potential solution. By leveraging AI algorithms to analyse and detect patterns in text, it becomes possible to identify and counteract the spread of false information and the formation of echo chambers within social networks.

The positive sentiment expressed further underscores the belief in the power of AI to mitigate the negative impact of misinformation on society.

Additionally, the Agri system, initially developed as part of the Co-Agri project, is introduced as a potential solution for addressing specific challenges in Afghanistan.

The system aims to collect opinions from Kabul civilians, indicating a focus on incorporating the perspectives of local populations. Furthermore, collaboration with the United Nations Habitat underscores the potential for the Agri system to contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals related to good health and well-being (SDG 3) and peace, justice, and strong institutions (SDG 16).

Lastly, the positive sentiment encompasses the potential of AI to support crowd-scale discussions through the use of multiple AI agents.

A multi-agent architecture for group decision support is being developed, which emphasises the collaborative capabilities of AI in facilitating large-scale deliberations. This development aligns with the goal of fostering industry, innovation, and infrastructure (SDG 9).

The overall analysis showcases the diverse applications and benefits of AI in various domains, including democracy, social networks, conflict zones like Afghanistan, and large-scale discussions.

These discussions and arguments highlight the hopeful perspective of leveraging AI to address complex societal challenges. However, it is important to note that further information and evidence would be necessary to fully understand the potential impact and limitations of these AI systems.

Summary: The analysis reveals promising arguments for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in different domains.

The development of a hyper-democracy platform through the Co-Agri system shows optimism for enhancing democratic processes. AI’s potential in combating fake news and echo chambers is underscored, providing hope for addressing social network problems. The Agri system’s focus on collecting opinions from Kabul civilians in Afghanistan and collaboration with the United Nations Habitat suggests its potential in achieving SDG goals.

The use of multiple AI agents for crowd-scale discussions exhibits AI’s collaborative capabilities. Overall, AI presents opportunities to tackle complex societal challenges, though further information is needed to fully evaluate its impact.

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The Dutch government has implemented a comply or explain list for ICT services, which includes approximately 40 open standards, including specific standards such as internet safety. Maintainers suggest which standards should be included in the list. Although the use of these standards is mandatory, there are no penalties for non-compliance; instead, they are recommended for use in services.

To ensure the adoption of these standards, the government actively monitors their utilization, particularly in procurement.

Monitoring reports are submitted to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and then to Parliament. Tenders that fail to use any listed standard need to explain why in their annual report. The internet.nl tool is used for monitoring purposes.

Furthermore, the government encourages community collaboration and engages with major suppliers.

The internet.nl tool is used to facilitate discussions, and Microsoft, one of the suppliers, has shown openness to discussions and plans to implement the open standard Dane in their email servers.

Regarding accessibility, the Dutch government is developing dashboards that integrate internet.nl for accessibility purposes.

This demonstrates the government’s commitment to digital accessibility and reducing inequalities.

Additionally, the Dutch government advocates for the adoption of their developed dashboard system for digital accessibility, encouraging other countries to follow their lead.

The government also promotes the use of IPv6, recognizing the societal benefits it can bring.

Rather than enforcing rules, the government emphasizes practical application and experience in the field.

They adopt a stimulating approach to encourage the use of standards.

In procurement processes, the Dutch government uses a special tender website that supports open standards. This website includes CPV codes to support the procurement of goods and services adhering to these standards.

Raising awareness and understanding among procurement departments about the technical aspects of standards is considered crucial.

The procurement department needs to communicate with the architecture or other employees to understand the technical details, as most procurement departments lack technical knowledge.

The government also advocates for online security through the implementation of open standards. They employ the internet.nl tool to verify the application of open standards in organizations.

To incentivize organizations to use open standards, the Dutch government operates a Hall of Fame.

Organizations that score 100% on internet.nl, fully implementing all open standards, are rewarded with t-shirts.

In conclusion, the Dutch government has taken significant steps to promote the adoption of open standards in various sectors. Their comply or explain list, monitoring initiatives, community collaboration, and emphasis on practical application demonstrate their commitment to industry innovation and infrastructure.

By developing dashboards for accessibility, encouraging other countries to follow their lead, and supporting online security, the Dutch government strives for a more inclusive and secure digital environment.

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The analysis of the provided data reveals several key points regarding the government’s adoption of digital standards and the implementation of cybersecurity measures in Canada and the Netherlands, as well as the importance of accessibility in public procurement.

One of the main findings is that the Canadian government lacks a consistent standard in procurement, leading to negative sentiment among the audience.

The absence of a single set of standards used by the same government department is a significant drawback. Additionally, each province in Canada has its own legislation governing privacy and digital communications, further contributing to inconsistency in the procurement process.

On the other hand, there is a potential for legislative change in Canada, as Senator Colin Deacon has been spearheading various legislative frameworks.

This development is viewed positively by the audience, as it could lead to improved standards and practices in digital adoption within the government.

In terms of accessibility, it is noteworthy that public procurement for accessible digital goods and services is being adopted by several countries, with a focus on the inclusion of persons with disabilities.

Standards for accessibility procurement exist in the US and EU and have been adopted by countries like Australia, India, and Kenya. However, it is highlighted that despite the existence of a monitoring system for web accessibility in government procurement in Australia, lack of funding led to its discontinuation.

Turning to the Netherlands, the Dutch government is actively developing dashboards such as internet.nl for accessibility purposes.

This initiative is positively received, as it demonstrates their commitment to improving accessibility for digital products and services.

In terms of cybersecurity, efforts are being made by the RIPE NCC and ICANN to improve the adoption of techniques like DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions) and RPKI (Resource Public Key Infrastructure).

The audience appreciates the efforts made by Dutch public authorities and the government in terms of standardization and cybersecurity.

Education and stakeholder involvement are highlighted as crucial factors in ensuring cybersecurity. Both civil society organizations and personal training have proven to be effective in fostering informed discourse and persuading operators to adopt security measures.

Additionally, the analysis highlights the importance of proactive implementation of internet security measures to prevent potential digital mishaps that could be costly in terms of time, money, and stress.

The analysis also notes the challenges faced by telecom carriers in implementing new security technologies due to cost and scaling requirements.

However, it suggests that subscription services could provide a steady source of funding for ongoing security improvements.

The lack of skilled engineers is identified as another challenge in the implementation of cybersecurity measures, as highlighted by the example of Kyoto University being unable to implement certain security measures due to a shortage of skilled personnel.

Overall, the analysis underscores the importance of consistent standards in procurement, legislative change, accessibility, and cybersecurity in the digital governance efforts of Canada and the Netherlands.

It also recognizes the positive steps taken by various stakeholders, such as Senator Colin Deacon and the Dutch government, in driving these initiatives forward.

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The analysis addresses various topics related to internet standards, security, and vulnerabilities. It starts by highlighting that the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and Domain Name System (DNS) are outdated protocols that were not originally designed with security in mind. However, efforts have been made over the past two decades by the Internet Engineering Task Force to enhance the security of these protocols.

The analysis emphasises that enhancements such as Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) and Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) have proven effective in improving internet security.

RPKI enables providers to authenticate the origins of routing information, protecting against malicious route hijacking, misconfigurations, and IP spoofing. DNSSEC ensures the integrity of DNS queries, ensuring users receive the intended data from website administrators.

While RPKI and DNSSEC have shown promise, there is a need to increase their adoption.

Currently, DNSSEC is only used by approximately 25% of all domain names, while RPKI has greater deployment, particularly among Internet Service Providers (ISPs). However, broader deployment of RPKI throughout the global routing system is necessary to enhance overall internet security.

The analysis also underscores the importance of stakeholder involvement in internet standards development.

Governments and civil societies should actively participate in shaping these standards to meet the demands of a global scale in 2023. The Dutch government’s integration of internet standards with public policy, as demonstrated by their internet.nl website, is commendable.

Furthermore, the analysis highlights the significance of understanding internet vulnerabilities.

Regardless of a country’s geopolitical situation, vulnerabilities present opportunities for exploitation for personal gain or the creation of chaos. Therefore, it is crucial for every country, regardless of size or peacefulness, to comprehend these vulnerabilities and implement regulations to minimize risks and secure their networks.

Overall, the analysis concludes that enhancing internet security and promoting the adoption of standards are essential for protecting users and ensuring the stability of the global internet ecosystem.

Recognition by the United States government of routing as a matter of national security signifies their commitment to adopting RPKI and verifying Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs). By implementing measures to understand and address internet vulnerabilities, the digital landscape can be better safeguarded, ensuring the safety and stability of the global internet ecosystem.

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Procurement and supply chain management play a crucial role in driving the adoption of essential security-related standards. These standards are vital for safeguarding businesses, organizations, and individuals against security breaches and ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive information. By implementing these standards in the procurement and supply chain processes, secure practices are maintained throughout the entire supply chain, from sourcing raw materials to delivering the final product.

The IS3C (Information Sharing and Analysis and Operations Centers) is instrumental in gathering valuable information on procurement and supply chain management.

This knowledge base provides insights and best practices that can be used to enhance security standards. However, it is recommended to incorporate experiences from other countries to widen the scope and applicability of this resource, ultimately creating a more comprehensive and globally relevant framework.

Unfortunately, incidents of security failures in the UK, such as data breaches affecting police forces and financial services, are reported without appropriate follow-up remedial measures.

These security failures can have severe consequences, including compromised data, financial losses, and potential risks to national security. To address this issue, it is imperative to establish a consistent reporting mechanism that accurately documents the consequences of security failures. Furthermore, remedial measures should be widely distributed through channels like the IS3C, enabling organizations to learn from past mistakes and take proactive measures to prevent similar breaches.

In conclusion, procurement and supply chain management are integral to adopting critical security-related standards.

The IS3C’s efforts to collate valuable information are commendable, but it is necessary to expand this resource by incorporating experiences from other countries. Additionally, addressing the lack of follow-up remedial measures in response to security failures is crucial.

By implementing proper reporting and distribution mechanisms through channels like the IS3C, security practices can be enhanced, and future breaches can be mitigated.

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In the realm of cybersecurity, there is a pressing need for a stronger focus on prevention. This can be achieved through secure-by-design procurement and the implementation of internet standards. Initially, internet standards were created by the technical community without prioritizing security, resulting in vulnerabilities.

Most procurement documents do not mention security, and when they do, they fail to specifically address cybersecurity or internet standards. Governments can help improve cybersecurity by demanding the incorporation of these standards when procuring software or services. By doing so, they can significantly enhance cybersecurity measures and reduce the risk of cyber attacks.

The DNSSEC and RPKI Deployment working group aims to bring about a transformation in the cybersecurity conversation.

This initiative represents a shift towards prevention and secure-by-design concepts, moving away from solely focusing on mitigation efforts. The goal of the working group is to translate ideas into tangible actions, aligning with the objectives set by the UN Secretary-General.

Securing the public core of the internet is of paramount importance.

This includes both the physical infrastructure and the standards guiding its operation. Currently, there is a lack of recognition and implementation of these standards, leaving the system vulnerable to cyber attacks.

While tools and standards to enhance security have been available for a significant amount of time, their adoption has been sluggish.

This highlights the need for greater awareness and proactive efforts in implementing these measures.

The existing state of the internet infrastructure can be seen as a market failure, necessitating governmental or legislative intervention. The internet infrastructure is outdated and requires improvements.

The European Union has already implemented significant legislation affecting both the infrastructure and the ecosystem.

Wout de Natris, an active participant in the discussion, advocates for a change in the narrative surrounding cybersecurity. He emphasizes the importance of persuading people in leadership positions to prioritize cybersecurity from the outset, rather than treating it as an afterthought.

The protection of the routing infrastructure is now considered critical for national security by the United States government.

Government officials are actively discussing routing security principles and the use of technical terms such as RPKI (Resource Public Key Infrastructure) and ROA (Route Origin Authorization). There is an intention to leverage government power to enforce regulations and ensure the secure functioning of the routing infrastructure.

If organizations do not voluntarily adopt internet security standards, the government may impose regulations on them.

This highlights the importance of voluntary adoption and proactive implementation of security measures within organizations.

Government procurement is identified as a potential game-changer for the deployment of secure internet design standards. De Natris suggests that if regulation is avoided, procurement can be a powerful tool for promoting security standards.

IS3C aims to hand over knowledge and tools for cybersecurity, with the responsibility of implementation and deployment lying with respective countries.

Their work has broader implications beyond internet standards, as they also focus on emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and the metaverse. This broad scope aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals and the need for global cooperation.

In the area of Internet of Things (IoT) security, there is an opportunity to enhance security through the adoption of open standards.

The existing policies on IoT security across the globe are predominantly voluntary, necessitating a global transformation in the regulatory framework.

In conclusion, a shift towards prevention in cybersecurity and the prioritization of secure-by-design procurement are imperative. The implementation of internet standards and the proactive adoption of security measures are crucial to mitigate vulnerabilities.

Governmental involvement, through procurement and regulatory intervention, is necessary to promote and enforce these measures. The work of initiatives like the DNSSEC and RPKI Deployment group and IS3C contribute to transforming the narrative and addressing emerging challenges in cybersecurity.

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Young people are not only actively involved in digital communication initiatives, but are also encouraging and facilitating engagement amongst their peers. This positive trend supports two pivotal UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Quality Education (SDG 4) and Reduced Inequalities (SDG 10), emphasising the positive impact of youth engagement in these areas.

One notable observation from this participation is that children and young individuals appear to find it easier to converse and liaise with their peers rather than adults in this field.

This shift indicates an intriguing change in communication dynamics, with potential ramifications for the development of educational strategies and initiatives targeting young people.

Moreover, there is firm belief in the efficacy and potential of youth involvement in digital awareness programmes.

As a case in point, the consultative youth programme at Portugal’s Safer Internet Centre demonstrates the substantial commitment of young people towards enhancing internet safety, a key element of digital awareness.

Significant reference was made to the In Safe Structure programme, identified as a best-practice example.

Again, the devotion shown by young people towards the cause, as well as their active participation is emphasised. The impact of these initiatives highlights the importance of youth participation, and serves as a compelling testament to their potential contribution to a safer, more inclusive digital environment.

In conclusion, youth engagement plays a pivotal role in digital education and the shaping of a more inclusive digital future.

The insights provided by these analyses point towards a burgeoning paradigm where young people are not merely recipients of digital knowledge but are increasingly integral to its creation and distribution.

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The Polish Safer Internet Centre is making substantial efforts to support refugees, particularly those displaced due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, by incorporating them into their internet safety campaigns. This pursuit is significant, especially considering the huge influx of 16 million Ukrainian refugees who have crossed the Polish border since the start of the crisis, with about 1 million residing in Poland.

A prime example of the Centre’s integration efforts involves approximately 200,000 Ukrainian children who are currently attending Polish schools.

Additionally, the Centre is proactive in its focus on language accessibility and mental health support for refugees. The organisation enables remote connectivity to events, which are translated into Ukrainian, thereby dismantling language barriers.

Furthermore, they have taken the extra step to recruit professionals for their helpline, including consultants and psychologists fluent in the Ukrainian language, which greatly enhances their ability to assist Ukrainian refugees efficiently and effectively.

To tackle the significant issue of disinformation and fabricated news around the conflict, the Polish Safer Internet Centre has established a dedicated department.

NASK, an essential part of the Centre, is tasked with combating disinformation and fake news, thereby contributing substantially to efforts towards promoting peace, justice, and sturdy institutions.

Moreover, the Centre is heavily invested in youth empowerment by providing platforms for them to express their perspectives.

These platforms include competitions where entrants are encouraged to submit videos that represent their generation’s views.

The Centre also ensures that the youth are well-represented in the pan-European youth panel meetings, thus playing a part in ensuring youth representation in conversations on peace, justice, and strong institutions as well as efforts to address inequality.

In conclusion, the Polish Safer Internet Centre’s concerted efforts to assist Ukrainian refugees and their strategic emphasis on youth empowerment underscore their commitment to the Goals of Quality Education, Good Health and Well-being, Reduced Inequalities, and Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions.

These initiatives illustrate the potential of technological platforms as a tool for positive change and inclusive growth.

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Cybercrime and bullying in Lebanese schools are drastically escalating, with a disquieting report from Lebanon’s internal security forces signalling a surge in cybercrimes by over 100%. This uptick has provoked schools to request sessions on bullying and violence, underscoring the urgent necessity for attention and action.

Non-profit organisation, Justice Without Frontiers, is taking forward steps to confront these pressing issues.

They offer legal consultation for girls affected by online sexual harassment, a regrettable and increasingly common output of the cybercrime increase. Furthermore, they have delivered awareness sessions to approximately 1,700 students, accentuating the crucial role of education in instigating change.

Nonetheless, this progress is hampered by a major hurdle: the scarcity of educational resources on cyber security and bullying in Arabic.

This language obstacle hinders effective education and communication, compelling educators to rely on secondary resources like YouTube films and online games to engage with students.

In a more positive vein, there are concerted efforts to involve younger demographics in global discussions.

The Internet Governance Forum (IGF), a distinguished international platform for policy discourse, is fostering an inviting environment for newcomers, showcasing instances of inclusivity in their dialogues. Moreover, the IGF’s Dynamic Teen Coalition offers an exceptional opportunity for young people to shape internet governance, ensuring their voices are valued and their viewpoints taken into account.

Despite these developments, the demand for inclusivity expands beyond these platforms.

It’s suggested that only empowering outspoken children is not enough. The requirement is to also connect with the shy, reticent and less assertive children, so their needs and rights are not neglected. This perspective is backed by Amy Crocker from ECPAT International, a network battling child sexual exploitation, who stresses that focusing on these marginalized children is essential for authentic empowerment and inclusivity.

In conclusion, while Lebanon grapples with a rise in cybercrime and bullying, numerous endeavours are underway to manage these challenges and uplift youth—from awareness initiatives to inclusive international forums.

However, roadblocks persist, with language limitations being a dominant issue, and calls for inclusivity emphasising the empowerment of quiet children. These insights offer valuable pathways for future undertakings in the dual domains of cyber safety and children’s rights.

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This comprehensive review underscores the critical relevance of youth empowerment, and their role in advocating for online safety and children’s rights. The argument is founded on the premise that ‘the voice of the youth is the voice of the future,’ urging for recognition and enhanced amplification.

So far, over 5,000 digital leaders, actively contributing to their school communities, have been educated. Their role has been instrumental in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 and 16, related to quality education, peace, justice, and strong institutions, respectively.

However, the analysis also reveals a troubling fact that children are five times less likely to confide in a trusted adult when they encounter precarious situations online, opting instead to turn to their peers.

This highlights the absence of trusted adults and the necessity for safer online environments for children.

Notably, the success of peer-to-peer education is emphasised. Through partnerships between the UK Safer Internet Centre and ChildNet International, a programme has been created to educate thousands of digital leaders across school communities.

Additionally, the data suggests that it is vital for children to have the confidence to speak out about online safety issues. This indicates a need for comprehensive online safety programmes that not only enhance safety but promote understanding and advocacy among children.

Regrettably, the discourse uncovers that children with accessibility issues or special education needs, and those from minority groups, are significantly more susceptible to online abuse.

This aligns with the aspirations of SDGs 10 (Reduced Inequalities) and 9.c (Increase access to ICT), acting as a call to action for inclusive and accessible online spaces.

Furthermore, this detailed analysis accentuates the essence of community’s collective responsibility.

A multi-stakeholder approach centred on education can be key to ensuring children’s protection online. Engagement with minority, disability and ability groups is necessary for understanding and addressing their unique needs, thereby fostering the creation of truly inclusive online spaces.

Finally, the importance of utilising technology that facilitates equal, anonymous participation is recognised, given its adaptability to various roles within an environment.

Educational providers are thus tasked with keeping learner engagement inclusive and participatory.

In conclusion, this extensive analysis paints a complex picture of the digital landscape, intertwining youth empowerment, increased safety measures, and the strategic importance of education. The key to developing holistic and inclusive online spaces that fuel both individual growth and societal advancement lies in tactfully merging these strands.

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The crucial role of young individuals in discussions surrounding online safety has been showcased effectively by the Safer Internet Centre. Actively involving young individuals in operations such as hotline helpline discussions has proven beneficial. Young people not only assist with helpline calls, gaining a profound understanding of online safety issues, but also participate in the creation of materials for the Safer Internet Centre, providing valuable consultations.

This youth involvement aligns with the objectives of SDG 4: Quality Education, SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, and SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions.

The importance of producing positive digital content, alongside understanding online risks, is further emphasised through initiatives like the ‘Rights for You live-in’ annual event.

During this gathering, young individuals were granted the opportunity to interact with content creators and craft their own digital content. A notable outcome was a video created by these young people for Safer Internet Day activities, which highlighted their online experiences.

Moreover, the argument for offering young people decision-making roles in activities related to online safety is strongly supported.

Evidence of this is seen as the entire coordination of all Safer Internet Day activities was entrusted to young individuals. They were also brought into deeper-level discussions on issues related to online safety, and their creations for Safer Internet Day were disseminated broadly across schools.

However, the analysis also brings forth the concern for children in residential and foster care who are considered more vulnerable to online harm.

Their use of online chats to seek understanding and love due to their disadvantaged situations is a significant concern. This sentiment is associated with SDG 16.2: End abuse, exploitation, trafficking, and all forms of violence against and torture of children.

Nonetheless, there’s a sense of optimism spurred by the actions taken by the Safer Internet Centre to protect these vulnerable children.

Initiatives such as inviting them to ‘Rise for You live-ins’ sessions, conducting practical workshops about privacy and online chat safety at children’s homes, and providing an express helpline for those experiencing online harm, underscore the Centre’s commitment towards providing immediate help and education about online safety.

In conclusion, the endeavours of the Safer Internet Centre offer a hopeful sentiment for the progression of online safety measures.

This comprehensive involvement of youth along with initiatives for vulnerable children recognises and addresses the complexity of online safety issues, providing a balanced approach towards creating a safer online environment for all.

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In today’s digital age, the vulnerability of children is a mounting concern, particularly in relation to online safety. This vulnerability may be exacerbated by various factors, including poverty, disability, mental health issues, abuse or neglect, family breakdown, discrimination, and social exclusion, which encompasses migration as well.

Moreover, we must consider the inherent vulnerability that all children share as they navigate a world in which decisions affecting them are predominantly made by adults who may not fully comprehend the implications of digital technologies on children’s lives.

Though the situation may seem dire, there is a glimmer of hope, emanating from initiatives such as the New European Strategy for a Better Internet for Kids.

Adopted by the European Commission in May 2022, this updated version of the 2012 BIG strategy aims to keep abreast with technological developments, placing children’s digital participation, empowerment, and protection at its core. The intention is to shape a digital environment that is both safe and nurturing for children.

Simultaneously, there is a growing, assertive view favouring children’s inclusion in decision-making processes concerning their rights and safety in the digital world.

This perspective underscores the necessity to acknowledge that children, living in an rapidly evolving digital world, may have unique needs and rights. Not involving them in these decisions could result in protective measures that fall short of meeting their needs accurately.

To summarise, whilst we must confront the increased risks and challenges faced by children in the online world, there are effective strategies, like the Better Internet for Kids, that represent a silver lining.

Moreover, the firm stance advocating children’s involvement in decision-making processes suggests progressive change. Nonetheless, it is paramount to adapt continuously to the rapidly changing digital landscape, ensuring children are not only safe but also empowered in their digital interactions.

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ChildFocus, an proactive community service organisation, has initiated a variety of programmes purposed to enhance online safety, mitigate child exploitation, and raise awareness about online grooming. Among these, the Cybersquad initiative is a peer-to-peer platform facilitating the sharing of experiences and advice amongst young individuals.

Recognising a growing tendency in children’s preference for online chat over traditional helpline services, this platform enables direct contact with a Child Focus counsellor via a help button in more serious cases.

The organisation has also launched Groomics, an educational tool specifically developed in response to the increasing phenomenon of online grooming.

This aims to empower young people by highlighting the potential risks and benefits of online relationships, enabling children to discern signs of online grooming and equipping them with the knowledge to decline these advances.

Additionally, ChildFocus has introduced the MAX principle, which offers children an opportunity to select a trusted individual with whom they can discuss their online issues.

Through the MAX principle campaign, children are able to send an official invitation to their chosen confidant, thus fostering a sense of security enhancing safety in their digital experiences.

Recognising the crucial need for inclusive online safety measures, ChildFocus has placed particular emphasis on children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Revisions were made to their web content after it was deemed complex and overwhelming for ASD children. The organisation thus made adjustments to their content to make it more comprehensible and inclusive. The Star Plus tool was specifically co-created to help ASD children recognise online red flags, catering widely to their unique challenges in the online sphere.

ChildFocus has, nonetheless, encountered challenges achieving reach with ‘shy kids’ or those from less advantaged backgrounds.

By highlighting the ‘Matthew effect,’ where resources tend to contribute more significantly to those already privileged, the organisation illustrates the struggle for inclusive education. Emphasising the importance of awareness and persistent efforts in reaching out to these children, they assertively advocate for daily commitment in this regard.

Additionally, ChildFocus encourages international collaborations for sharing online safety best practices and resources across countries, to facilitate mutual learning, prevent redundant efforts, and enable effective localisation to meet diverse national needs.

Resources such as the Star Plus tool are shared on the InSafe network, through which translations are provided for wider accessibility. This reinforces the significance of international partnerships in driving online safety efforts globally.

In conclusion, ChildFocus’s efforts highlight the essential elements of child-focused, inclusive, and collaborative drives in promoting online safety.

This provides a blueprint for other organisations and countries to adopt whilst acknowledging the potential obstacles that might be encountered in these endeavors.

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The necessity of youth participation in creating a safer internet is a pivotal aspect that resonates across all discussions. The significance of youth input extends undeniably to the formulation of policies and strategies to maximise internet safety. An exemplar of this is the Better Internet for Kids Strategy Plus (BIK+).

This strategy was not merely devised with the contributions of young individuals but continues to uphold its relevance through sustained engagement. It encourages youth to voice their perspectives at annual events such as the Safer Internet Forum.

However, youth participation is not a sporadic occurrence.

It necessitates ongoing engagement and follow-up, reinforcing the principle that effective youth involvement mandates authentic engagement and substantive opportunities. A salient example of such democratic participation is the proactive involvement of young people in the organisation of the Safer Internet Forum, moulding the programme from its inception.

Alongside general participation, it’s worth highlighting the empowerment of young individuals who have already received training within their respective communities.

This notably involves youth ambassadors. Consider the youth ambassador from Malta who utilised his network to disseminate the event link to his classmates and his more introverted peers. This act exemplifies how empowering local youth can effectively represent even the less outgoing children and serve as a strong voice for all.

Addressing the understanding that children do not necessarily need to present on stage, the strategy underscores the importance of incorporating even the more introverted children indirectly.

Youth ambassadors, as representatives, feel an inherent responsibility to mimic the voices of their peers. This approach ensures that every child, irrespective of their demeanour, contributes to shaping a safer internet environment.

In conclusion, youth participation is not only essential in realising a safer internet but is also instrumental in achieving several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

These include Quality Education (SDG 4), Reduced Inequalities (SDG 10), Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (SDG 9), as well as Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (SDG 16). Any dialogue on internet safety or policy creation remains incomplete without youth involvement, thereby highlighting its unparalleled significance.

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Arisa Ema, who holds distinguished positions in the AI Strategic Council and Japanese government, is an active participant in Japan’s initiatives on AI governance. She ardently advocates for responsible AI and interoperability of AI frameworks. Her commitment aligns with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure and SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals, showcasing her belief in the potential for technological advancement to drive industry innovation and foster worldwide partnerships for development.

Moreover, Ema underlines the crucial need for empowering users within the domain of AI, striving for power equilibrium. The current power imbalance between AI users and developers is seen as a substantial challenge. Addressing this links directly with achieving SDG 5: Gender Equality and SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities.

According to Ema, a balanced power dynamic can only be achieved when the responsibilities of developers, deployers, and users are equally recognised in AI governance.

Ema also appreciates the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) as an indispensable platform for facilitating dialogue among different AI stakeholders.

She fiercely supports multi-stakeholder discussions, citing them as vital to AI governance. Her endorsement robustly corresponds with SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals, as these discussions aim to bolster cooperation for sustainable development.

Ema introduces a fresh perspective on Artificial Intelligence, arguing that AI should be perceived as a system, embracing human beings, and necessitating human-machine interaction rather than a mere algorithm or model.

This nuanced viewpoint can significantly impact the pursuit of SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, as it recommends the integration of human-machine interaction and AI.

Furthermore, Ema promotes interdisciplinary discussions on human-AI interaction as a critical requirement to fully understand the societal impact of AI.

She poses dialogue to bridge cultural and interdisciplinary gaps as quintessential, given the multi-faceted complexities of AI. These discussions will help in identifying biases entrenched in human-machine systems and provide credible strategies for their elimination.

In conclusion, Arisa Ema’s holistic approach to AI governance encapsulates several pivotal areas; user empowerment, balanced power dynamics, multi-stakeholder discussions, and interdisciplinary dialogues on human-AI interaction.

Her comprehensive outlook illuminates macro issues of AI while underscoring the integral role these elements play in sculpting AI governance and functionalities.

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This discourse unfolds numerous vital topics centring on democratic decision-making, human rights, and the survival of the human species from a futuristic perspective, primarily focusing on the speed and agility of decision-making and potential implications on the democratic process.

A thoughtful proposal for superseding the conventional democratic process, when deemed necessary for the species’ survival was advanced. This may even necessitate redefining aspects of human rights to better manage unforeseen future challenges.

The discussion also touched on circumstances where democracy could pose certain hurdles, suggesting a more democratic model could be beneficial for overcoming such issues.

This proposed approach underlines the idea of a holistic, global consultation for such decision-making scenarios, emphasising the inherent value of democratic ethos in contending with complex problems.

A notable argument for enhanced collaboration was presented, stressing on adopting a concerted, joint problem-solving strategy rather than attempting to solve all problems at once.

This suggestion promotes setting clear priorities and addressing each issue effectively, thereby creating a more synergetic solution to thematic global issues.

Within the technology paradigm, concerns were raised about who governs the algorithmic decision-making of major US-based tech companies.

The argument underscores the non-transparent nature of these algorithms. Concerns related to potential bias in the algorithms were voiced, considering the deep division on various issues within the United States. There were calls for transparent, unbiased algorithm development to reflect neutrality in policy-making and respect user privacy.

In essence, the conversation revolved around balancing quick, efficient decision-making with the democratic process, the re-evaluation of human rights in the face of future challenges, the importance of joint problem-solving in addressing global issues and maintaining transparency and fairness in technological innovations.

The discourse sheds light on the intricate interplay of politics, technology, and human rights in shaping the global landscape and fosters a nuanced understanding of these issues in connection with sustainable development goals.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) carries the potential to revolutionise various sectors worldwide, due to its capacities for improved efficiency, advanced decision-making, and enhanced services. It can significantly enhance productivity by automating routine and repetitive tasks usually undertaken by humans. Additionally, AI systems can harness big data to make more precise decisions, eliminating human errors and thereby resulting in superior service delivery.

Nevertheless, the growth of AI necessitates a robust regulatory framework.

This framework should enshrine human rights as one of its core principles and should advocate a multi-stakeholder approach. It is vital for AI systems to be developed and used in a manner that ensures human rights protection, respects the rule of law, and upholds democratic values.

Aligning with this, the Council of Europe is currently working on a treaty that safeguards these facets whilst harnessing the benefits of AI.

This treaty will lay down principles to govern AI systems, with a primary focus on human rights, the rule of law, and democratic values. Notably, the crafting process of this treaty doesn’t exclusively involve governments, but also includes contributions from a wide array of sectors.

Civil society participants, academic experts, and industry representatives all play a crucial role in developing an inclusive and protective framework for AI.

The Council of Europe’s treaty extends far beyond Europe and has a global scope. Countries from various continents are actively engaged in the negotiation process.

Alongside European Union members, countries from North, Central, and South America, as well as Asia, including Canada, the United States, Mexico, Israel, Japan, Argentina, Costa Rica, Peru, and Uruguay, are involved in moulding this international regulatory framework. This global outreach underscores the importance and universal applicability of AI regulation, emphasising international cooperation for the responsible implementation and supervision of AI systems.

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AI’s deeply integrated role in our societal fabric underscores the profound importance of its regulation, exhibiting promising transformative potential while simultaneously posing challenges. As this transformative technology continues to evolve and permeate various aspects of societal fabric globally, the pressing need for robust, comprehensive regulations to guide its usage and mitigate potential risks becomes increasingly evident.

Focusing attention on Latin America, the task of AI regulation emerges as both promising and challenging.

Infrastructure discrepancies across the region, variances in technology usage and access, and a complex web of data privacy norms present considerable obstacles. The diversity of the regional AI landscape necessitates a nuanced approach to regulation, considering the unique characteristics and needs of different countries and populations.

In response to these challenges, specific solutions have been proposed.

A primary recommendation is the establishment of a dedicated entity responsible for harmonising AI regulations across the region. This specialist body could provide clarity and consistency in the interpretation and application of AI laws. Additionally, advocating for the creation of technology-sharing platforms could help bridge the gap in technology access across varying countries and communities.

A third suggestion involves pooling regional resources for constructing a robust digital infrastructure, bolstering AI capacity and capabilities in the region.

The significance of stakeholder involvement in shaping the AI regulatory dialogue is recognised. A diverse array of voices, incorporating those from varying sectors, backgrounds and perspectives, should actively participate in moulding the AI dialogue.

This inclusive, participatory approach could help to ensure that the ensuing regulations are equitable, balanced, and responsive to a range of needs and concerns.

Further, the argument highlights the potential of AI in addressing region-specific challenges in Latin America.

The vital role AI can play in delivering healthcare to remote areas, such as Amazonian villages, is stressed, while also being instrumental in predicting and mitigating the impact of natural disasters. Thus, it strengthens its potential contribution towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals concerning health, sustainable cities and communities, and climate action.

In conclusion, while AI regulation presents significant hurdles, particularly in regions like Latin America, it also unveils vast opportunities.

Harnessing the promises of AI and grappling with its associated challenges will demand targeted strategies, proactive regulation, wide-ranging stakeholder involvement, and an unwavering commitment to innovation and societal enhancement.

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Francesca Rossi underscores that AI is not simply a realm of pure science or technology; instead, it should be considered a social technical field of study, bearing significant societal impacts. This viewpoint emphasises that the evolution and application of AI are profoundly intertwined with societal dynamics and consequences.

Furthermore, Francesca advocates robustly for targeted regulation in the AI field.

She firmly asserts that any necessary regulation should focus on the varied uses and applications of the technology, which carry different levels of risk, rather than merely on the technology itself. This argument stems from the understanding that the same technology can be utilised in countless ways, each with its own implied benefits and potential risks, therefore calling for tailored oversight mechanisms.

Francesca’s support for regulatory bodies such as the Council of Europe, the European Commission, and the UN is evident from her active contribution to their AI-related works.

She perceives these bodies as playing a pivotal role in steering the direction of AI in a positive vein, ensuring its development benefits a diverse range of stakeholders.

Drawing from her experience at IBM, she reflects a corporate belief in the crucial importance of human rights within the context of AI technology use.

Despite absent regulations in specific areas, IBM has proactively taken steps to respect and safeguard human rights. This underlines the duty that companies need to uphold, ensuring their AI applications comply with human rights guidelines.

Building on IBM’s commitment to responsible AI technology implementation, Francesca discusses the company’s centralised governance for their AI ethics framework.

Applied company-wide, this approach implies that it’s pivotal for companies to maintain a holistic approach and framework for AI ethics across all their divisions and operations.

Francesca also emphasises the crucial role of research in both augmenting the capabilities of AI technology and in addressing its current limitations.

This supports the notion that on-going research and innovation need to remain at the forefront of AI technology development to fully exploit its potential and manage inherent limitations.

Lastly, Francesca highlights the value of establishing partnerships to confidently navigate the crowded AI field.

She fervently advocates for inclusive, multi-stakeholder, and worldwide collaborations. The need for such partnerships arises from the shared requirement for protocols and guidelines, to ensure the harmonious handling of AI matters across borders and industries.

In summary, Francesca accentuates the importance of viewing AI within a social context.

She brings attention to matters related to regulation, the function of international institutions, and corporate responsibility. Additionally, she illuminates the significance of research and partnerships in overcoming challenges and amplifying the capabilities of AI technologies.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a potent force brimming with potential for immense innovation and progress. However, it also presents a host of risks, one key issue being the perpetuation of existing biases and inequalities. These problems are particularly evident in areas such as credit provisions and job advertisements aimed at women, illustrating the tangible impact of our current and prospective use of AI.

There’s a worrying possibility that predictive technologies could further magnify these biases, leading to self-fulfilling prophesies.

Importantly, addressing bias in AI isn’t merely a technical issue—it’s also a social one and hence necessitates robust social responses.

Bias in AI can surface at any juncture of the AI lifecycle, as it blends code, parameters, data and individuals, none of which are innately neutral. This complex combination can inadvertently result in algorithmic discrimination, which might clash with traditional forms of discrimination, underlining the need for a multidimensional approach to tackle this challenge.

To effectively manage these issues, a comprehensive strategy that includes legislative updates, mandatory discrimination risk assessments and an increased emphasis on accountability and transparency is required.

By imposing legal obligations on the users of AI systems, we can enforce accountability and regulatory standards that could prevent unintentional bias in AI technologies. Implementing measures for positive action, along with these obligations, could provide a robust framework to combat algorithmic discrimination.

In addition, the introduction of certification mechanisms and use of statistical data can deliver insightful assessments of discriminatory effects, contributing significantly to the strife against bias in AI.

Such efforts have the potential to not only minimise the socially harmful impacts of AI, but also reinforce the tremendous potential for progress and innovation AI offers.

In summary, it’s clear that the expansion of AI brings significant risks of bias and inequality.

However, by adopting a broad approach that encapsulates both technical and social responses while emphasising accountability and transparency, we can navigate the intricacies of AI technologies and harness their potential for progress and innovation.

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Australia has placed a significant emphasis on operationalising responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI), spearheaded by initiatives from Data61, the country’s leading digital research network. Notably, Data61 has been developing an AI ethics framework since 2019, serving as a groundwork for national AI governance.

Furthermore, Data61 has recently established think tanks to assist the Australian industry in responsibly adopting AI, a move that has sparked a positive sentiment within the field.

In tandem, debates around data governance have underscored the necessity of finding a balance between data utility, privacy, and fairness.

While these components are integral to robust data governance, they may involve trade-offs. Advances are thus required to enable decision-makers to make pragmatic choices. The issue of preserving privacy could potentially undermine fairness, introducing complex decisions that necessitate comprehensive strategies.

As part of the quest for responsible AI, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles are becoming increasingly prevalent.

Efforts are underway to incorporate responsible AI directives with ESG considerations, thereby ensuring that investors can influence the development of more ethical and socially responsible AI systems. This perspective signals a broader understanding of AI’s implications that extend beyond its technical dimensions.

Accountability within supply chain networks is also being highlighted as pivotal in enhancing AI governance.

Specifically, advances on AI bills of materials aim to standardise the types of AI used within systems whilst sharing accountability amongst various stakeholders in the supply chain. This marks a recognition of the collective responsibility of stakeholders in AI governance.

In light of the rise of AI in the realm of game theory, exemplified by AlphaGo’s victory in the game of Go, there’s a reassurance that rivalry between AI and humans is not necessarily worrying.

Contrary to eliminating human involvement, these advances have instigated renewed interest in such games, leading to a historical high in the number of grandmasters in both Go and Chess.

Highlighting the shared responsibility in addressing potential bias and data unevenness within AI development is vital.

The assertion is that decision-making concerning these issues should not be solely the responsibility of developers or AI providers, suggesting that a collective approach may be more beneficial.

In summary, it’s crucial to incorporate democratic decision-making processes into AI operations.

This could involve making visible the trade-offs in AI, which would allow for a more informed and inclusive decision-making process. Overall, these discussions shed light on the multifaceted and challenging aspects of responsible AI development and deployment, providing clear evidence of the need for a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to ensure ethical AI governance.

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The comprehensive analysis conveys a positive sentiment towards the regulation and innovation in Artificial Intelligence (AI), emphasising their coexistence for ensuring better, safer, and more accessible technological advancements. Notably, genuine innovation is perceived favourably as it bolsters human rights, promotes public engagement, and encourages transparency.

This viewpoint is grounded in the belief that AI regulatory policies should harmonise the nurturing of innovation and the implementation of essential protective measures.

The analysis also underscores that standards based on the rule of law must apply universally to both public and private sectors.

This conviction is influenced by the United Nations’ Guiding Principles for Business, which reinforce businesses’ obligation to respect human rights and abide by the rule of law. This represents a paradigm shift towards heightened accountability in the development and deployment of AI technologies across different societal sectors.

However, there is significant apprehension surrounding the perceived industrial domination in the AI policymaking process.

Such dominance is viewed negatively as it could erode democratic values, potentially fostering bias replication, labour displacement, concentration of wealth, and disparity in power. Critics argue this scenario could compromise the public’s interests.

Moreover, the analysis highlights strong advocacy for the integration of democratic values and public participation into the formulation of national AI policies.

This stance is complemented by a call for the establishment of robust mechanisms for independent oversight of AI systems, aiming to safeguard citizens’ rights. The necessity to ensure AI technologies align with and uphold democratic principles and norms is thus underscored.

Nevertheless, the analysis reveals resolute opposition to the use of facial recognition for mass surveillance and deployment of autonomous weaponry.

These technologies are seen as undermining human rights and eroding democratic values—an interpretation echoed in UN negotiations.

In conclusion, despite AI offering tremendous potential for societal advancements and business growth, it’s critical for its advancement and application to adhere to regulatory frameworks preserving human rights, promoting fairness, ensuring transparency, and upholding democratic values.

Cultivating an equilibrium and a forward-thinking climate for formulating AI policies involving public participation can assist in mitigating and managing the potential risks. This approach ensures that AI innovation evolves ethically and responsibly.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is progressively becoming an influential tool with the ability to transform crucial facets of society, including healthcare diagnostics, financial markets, and supply chain management. Its thorough integration into our societal fabric has been commended for bringing effective solutions to regional issues, such as providing healthcare resources to remote Amazonian villages in Latin America and predicting and mitigating the impact of natural disasters.

Echoing this sentiment, Thomas, who leads the negotiations for a binding AI treaty at the Council of Europe, asserted that AI systems can serve as invaluable tools if utilised to benefit all individuals without causing harm.

This view is reflected by Baltic countries who are also working on their own convention on AI. The treaty is designed to ensure that AI respects and upholds human rights, democracy, and the rule of law, forming a shared value across all nations.

Despite the substantial benefits of AI, the technology is not without its challenges.

A significant concern is the bias in AI systems, with instances of algorithmic discrimination replicating existing societal inequalities. For instance, women being unfairly targeted with job adverts offering lower pay and families mistakenly identified as potential fraudsters in the benefits system.

In response to this, an urgent call has been made to update non-discrimination laws to account for algorithmic discrimination. These concerns have been encapsulated in a detailed study by the Council of Europe, stressing the urgent need to tackle such bias in AI systems.

In response to these challenges, countries worldwide are developing ethical frameworks to facilitate responsible use of AI.

For instance, Australia debuted its AI ethics framework in 2019. This comprehensive framework amalgamates traditional quality attributes with unique AI features and emphasises on operationalising responsible AI.

The necessity for regulation and accountability in AI, especially in areas like supply chain management, was also discussed.

The concept of “AI bills of materials” was proposed as a means to trace AI within systems. Another approach to promoting responsible AI is viewing it through an Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) lens, emphasising the importance of considering factors such as AI’s environmental footprint and societal impact.

Companies like IBM are advocating for a company-wide system overseeing AI ethics and a centralised board capable of making potentially unpopular decisions.

Despite the notable differences between countries regarding traditions, cultures, and laws governing AI management, focusing on international cooperation remains a priority.

Such collaborative endeavours aim to bridge the technological gap through the creation of technology sharing platforms and encouraging a multi-stakeholder approach in treaty development. This cooperation spirit is embodied by the Council of Europe coordinating with diverse organisations like UNESCO, OECD, and OSCE.

In conclusion, while technological advances in AI have led to increased efficiency and progress, the need for robust regulation, international treaties, and data governance is more significant than ever.

It is crucial to ensure that the use and benefits of AI align with its potential impact on human rights, preservation of democracy, and promotion of positive innovation.

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Review and Edit: Look for any grammatical mistakes, issues with sentence structure, typographical errors, or omitted details and rectify them. Ensure that UK spelling and grammar are employed in the text, and correct the same if not. The comprehensive summary should reflect the primary analysis text as accurately as possible.

When summarising, aim to incorporate as many long-tail keywords as feasible without compromising the quality of the summary.

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The analysis underscores the paramount importance of areas such as e-government, digital skills, cybersecurity, digital harm, and ICTs in the journey towards accomplishing the ambitious Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SDGs 16 and 17, which focus on fostering peace, justice, strong institutions and partnerships for the goals, stand at the forefront of these conversations.

Firstly, a resounding call emerges to utilise a hub for capacity building in e-government, which would enhance digital competencies as well as cybersecurity consciousness amongst all 193 member nations.

The success of this endeavour is believed to rely heavily on the level of digital literacy and awareness surrounding cybersecurity within the populace.

Secondly, a significant change in perception is presented, advocating the inclusion of digital harms as threats to peace and security.

This shift in stance has been partly encouraged by a high-level advisory board’s recent recommendation to extend the definition of threats to include digital harms, thus acknowledging the evolving challenges of the digital age.

The need for cybersecurity within the public sector and ICTs is also given emphasis, with capacity building including engagements with local public officials, thus implying a comprehensive, grassroots approach to addressing these issues.

The report also addresses the vital importance of retaining skilled cybersecurity professionals within the industry.

Citing job stress as a key factor causing specialists to leave, it articulates a clear need to establish methods to retain this invaluable talent.

At the heart of the discourse is the role of incentives in fostering a culture of cybersecurity.

Large companies, such as Amazon, are highlighted as examples of stakeholders for whom cybersecurity breaches would prove catastrophic. This underlines the vital role that cybersecurity plays in maintaining the health of industries today.

Supporting this assertion are the forthcoming opportunities for global digital compact discussions, due to take place in 2024 and a review set for 2025.

These discussions present significant stakes for industry players, policymakers, and cybersecurity professionals alike.

It further suggests that a well-developed cybersecurity hub would most likely be utilised by governments, implying that increasing the competency of such hubs could significantly strengthen national cybersecurity measures.

The need for engagement from the educational sector is also strongly emphasised.

A call to break out of conventional silos supports cooperation beyond the IT sector, involving a myriad of sectors, including the motor, fashion, and food industries, amongst others. This integrated approach signals an inventive strategy and is backed by an expectation for more industry participants in the coming year, illustrating a desire for more diversity within cybersecurity dialogues.

Concluding on the note of Denis Susar’s exhortation for industries to “think out of the box”, it sets forth a challenge for industries to step up, collaborate more, and adopt innovative thinking in their quest for more effective cybersecurity solutions.

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Anna Rywczyńska is noted for her legal undertakings at an international research institute, concentrating on aspects of law, research and multinational privacy. She boasts wide-ranging contacts within the multinational privacy and security resource sector, crucial to SDG 16, which encourages peace, justice and robust institutions.

Furthermore, since 2006, Rywczyńska has held the significant position of coordinator at the Polish Internet Centre, demonstrating her extensive experience and knowledge in the realm of technology and internet, aligning with SDG 9 which encompasses Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.

Rywczyńska is a vocal advocate for educational reforms, particularly concerning cybersecurity.

She maintains that cybersecurity education should be integrated into both primary and secondary school curricula. Her arguments are underpinned by her participation in a hub focussed on the creation of recommendations for school curricula adaptations to digital transformation. As part of her continued efforts, she retains a productive dialogue with schools to prepare educational materials, organise events, and provide consultation.

However, she also addresses concerns about Poland’s current education system. Rywczyńska highlights that 57% of teachers reportedly believe that the existing curriculum does not sufficiently adapt to the swift progress of technological advancement, with 30% conceding to a lack of awareness regarding complex internet usage among students.

These figures support Rywczyńska’s sentiments about the impracticality of the school curriculum, highlighting obstacles including lack of time, unsuitability of the curriculum, and inadequate parental cooperation, obstructing the integration of media education in schools.

Educators, she points out, acknowledge the necessity to include digital competences from the early years of education.

This is believed to effectively equip students with the required skills for a digital world, falling in line with SDG 4’s target of quality education for all.

Regarding career prospects in the cybersecurity field, the perception of it being akin to a ‘war zone’ incites negative sentiments.

This impression may deter both males and females from entering the field. However, the diversity of competences required in the cybersecurity field is positively received, with the clarification that these skills are not exclusively related to the gaming arena.

Rywczyńska points out the prominent gender gap in IT, stating that more needs to be done to inspire young girls to consider a career in cybersecurity.

Educating parents about opportunities in the field and encouraging their daughters to see cybersecurity as a viable career option are essential steps towards achieving gender equality, supporting the SDG 5 goals and ensuring robust economic growth under SDG 8. Unconscious biases often determine student interests, with boys usually opting for coding classes while girls prefer dance classes.

As such, challenging these stereotypes forms part of the broader strategy in advancing gender equality in the field of cybersecurity.

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The discussion encompassed a broad scope of subjects, relating primarily to the domains of education, policy development, and cybersecurity. The principal argument articulated the intimate connection between education and diverse sectors such as policy formulation and cybersecurity. This overlap precipitates an intersectional understanding of these sectors and their importance within our swiftly evolving landscape.

The sentiment throughout this discourse remained neutral, delineating an equilibrium in the interconnectedness of these sectors.

A formidable case was made regarding cybersecurity, distinguishing between the discrete entities of cyber-safety and cybersecurity. A former police officer with Europol experience vehemently embraced the interconnectedness of these two concepts.

This assertion was fundamentally optimistic, alluding to the common significance of these two facets of digital safety.

The benefits of a well-rounded strategy addressing both aspects were emphasised, underpinned by the argument that a simultaneous addressal of cyber-safety and cybersecurity would optimise results for end users.

This stance exhibited positivity, thus accentuating a forward-thinking projection for future cybersecurity strategies.

The discourse then transitioned to the issues faced by smaller island nations, suggesting indigenous cyber community groups as a solution to build and retain cyber skills.

Convincing examples from the Samoa Information Technology Association and Tonga Women in ICT were presented, emphasising these groups’ crucial role in facilitating training, industry knowledge sharing, and networking. This viewpoint was positively empowering, fostering a sense of resilience within these small island nations.

The important balance between formal hubs and informal spaces for information sharing was highlighted, resonating with the consensus on the key connect between academia and the industry.

This endorsement of both formal and informal information sharing fosters a unified and thorough approach towards cybersecurity.

The focus then shifted to policy formulation, featuring experiential insights from the EU policy cycle that bases its strategy on research findings was a prime exemplification of a research-based approach.

The sentiment here was positive, grounded on the EU’s demonstrably effective strategic cycle.

However, a word of caution was raised regarding the necessity for policies to reflect the current online threats accurately. A negative sentiment percolated through during this point, attributable to anecdotal instances when irrelevant policies did not adequately address the evolving cyber threat landscape.

The conclusion drawn from this analytical discourse underscored the critical need for adaptable policies that are responsive to the current realities of online threats. Taken together, the discussion offered significant insights into the intersecting nature of multiple sectors and emphasised the urgency for accurate policy creation in response to present cyber threats.

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Hikohiro Lin from PwC Japan has specialised in product security, with a special focus on manufacturers and IoT devices. His efforts align with the ‘Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure’ Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), demonstrating a positive stance towards enhancing technological infrastructure.

Furthermore, Lin actively advocates for strengthening ties with Japanese manufacturers, thus creating a platform for investment in product security and IoT devices.

In addition to his work with manufacturers, Lin emphasises the importance of quality education in the cybersecurity sector.

He deems the collaboration between industry and educational institutions as pivotal in implementing robust cybersecurity training modules. He also underscores the value of experiential learning initiatives such as internships, hackathons and industry conferences in augmenting understanding of the industry landscape and fostering networking among cybersecurity aspirants, thus facilitating decent work and economic growth.

Despite his optimistic outlook, Lin addresses the issue of high job turnover in cybersecurity due to the stressful nature of the work, which often requires 24-hour incident response.

Instead of merely increasing salaries as a temporary solution, he advocates for improving the quality of life within the sector. He suggests this could be achieved by providing better professional development opportunities, such as conference attendance and training courses, and promoting a more comfortable work environment.

As a vocal proponent of cybersecurity as a career, Lin describes it as an enjoyable, essential, challenging, and prestigious field, offering job security and constant novelty.

He aims to dispel misconceptions and portray it as an attractive profession. He also engages in constructive discussions with high school students, positioning cybersecurity as an exciting career prospect.

In keeping with his belief in continuous development and growth, Lin urges organisations within the cybersecurity hub ecosystem to consider their contributions towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals.

This sentiment implies an ongoing self-reflection and conversation on the societal and environmental impacts of the industry.

In summary, Hikohiro Lin’s discourse underlines the importance and potential of cybersecurity in today’s digital landscape, putting emphasis on education, improved working conditions, and its crucial role in attaining Sustainable Development Goals.

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Ismalia Jawara, serving as the chair of the cybersecurity group named Gambia Information Security, has ardently championed the causes of diversity and women’s inclusion in the cybersecurity workforce. This testifies to her dedication to ‘SDG 5: Gender Equality’ and ‘SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth’.

Under her stewardship, educational initiatives such as bootcamps have enabled approximately 50 university students to graduate with vital competencies in the cybersecurity sector. The fact that fifteen out of twenty-five individuals holding IC2 cybersecurity certifications are women serves as a powerful testament to the strides taken towards women empowerment within this domain.

Moreover, Jawara advocates for increased cooperation across disparate levels, while also encouraging greater involvement from the global south.

Her influential role as a senior security analyst for the Gambia government further allows her to foster partnerships and collaborations with the aim of equipping more people with cybersecurity skills. She explicitly acknowledges Cisco’s contributions in providing free cybersecurity scholarships to disadvantaged communities, a commendable step towards fulfilling ‘SDG 17: Partnership for the Goals’.

Despite these affirmative actions, there remain considerable hurdles in achieving gender equality and workforce diversity in the cybersecurity field. Societal constructs such as gendered toys can have subtle, yet profound, impacts on career choices from an early age.

Furthermore, despite concerted recruitment efforts, the quantity of women entering the cybersecurity industry remains remarkably low, necessitating an exploration into underlying issues.

Businesses are now being urged to re-evaluate their practices and prioritise the induction of women in the cybersecurity terrain.

Such a shift would not only adhere to ‘SDG 5: Gender Equality’, but also cultivate diversity in the corporate ecosystem. The current recruitment stratagems are often interpreted as intimidating, potentially discouraging prospective female recruits. The exceedingly high benchmarks set also compound entry barriers.

Thus, there is a clear demand for the re-examination and adaptation of recruitment strategies.

Emphasising inclusivity in hiring, evidenced when a woman with a legal background performed well in the offered position, could be an enlightened approach. Lowering entry-level requisites may render positions less daunting and far more approachable, thus enticing a higher number of female applications.

Such measures could significantly bolster not only workforce diversity and gender parity but also embellish the cybersecurity workforce with a broader selection of viewpoints.

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A notable gap exists between the skills fostered in cybersecurity education at universities and the capabilities required in the wider industry. Industry professionals attribute the absence of abilities such as comprehensive holistic thinking, effective communication, and diversity among recent graduates.

The education sector recognises the importance of critical thinking, albeit the focus currently tilts heavier towards technical skills like coding and product-specific training.

Addressing this discord, the inception of a multifaceted ‘cybersecurity hub’ is proposed. This critical institution would stimulate synergy between industry, tertiary education, and the younger generation, extending its functions to an international level.

Imagined as a nexus for fostering knowledge exchange, providing authentic educational resources, and nurturing understanding of industry-wide best practices – this hub is slated to play a key role in consolidating learning and progress within the cybersecurity arena.

Further insight suggests the essential requirement for the early induction of youngsters in comprehending the functionality of the internet and cybersecurity components.

Many reports indicate that young professionals have a limited understanding of the internet’s mechanics, cloud security, and other basics. This finding highlights the necessity of a comprehensive educational base, enabling adaptability to the constantly shifting cybersecurity landscape.

A report citing as many as 67% of respondents from the business and industry sectors implied a deficiency in the transversal skills among cybersecurity graduates, further spotlighting the flaws in the existing education structure.

Thus, this perceived insufficiency emphasises the need for the proposed cybersecurity hub.

In terms of diversity, a clarion call has been made for the cybersecurity field to encourage a higher female representation, fostering diversity and inclusivity in technical disciplines.

Although explicit supporting facts are not provided, there’s a general positive consensus towards such measures, indicating their significance in catalysing industry growth.

Additionally, an audience speaker stressed the importance of incorporating real-world cases into the strategic planning for the hub, solidifying the requirement for practical applications within cybersecurity education.

At the moment, the hub is still in its embryonic stage of development. However, key coordinators, including Janice, are actively seeking public feedback and suggestions, endorsing a collaborative and inclusive approach for this promising initiative. A shared understanding exists that open dialogue will propel the forward motion of the hub’s development, enhancing the strategic focus and operational effectiveness of this indispensable entity.

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The cybersecurity sphere offers a myriad of opportunities and challenges. Success in this field requires a profound understanding of a variety of systems, especially in the industrial sector, as demonstrated by Joao Falcao’s visit to a factory. The task of quickly comprehending how different machines operate within a constrained timetable was a significant challenge, emphasising the need to grasp how systems should and should not operate to pinpoint potential security weak points.

Transitioning into the cybersecurity industry, especially for young people, can often be an isolating experience.

Joao’s solitary journey of self-education, spent with his computer, encapsulates the daunting task facing newcomers. His struggles on an industrial cybersecurity course, due to his unfamiliarity with machinery and ‘space’, highlight the urgent necessity of practical experience to complement theoretical knowledge.

Conversely, individuals switching careers can utilise their previous experience, an advantage often out of reach for those at the start of their careers.

Interestingly, a distinct shift has been observed in the demography of the cybersecurity field. Once mainly drawing the interest of the curious, the sector now predominantly attracts mature professionals.

Joao observed that cybersecurity events, previously dominated by interested individuals, are now primarily attended by professionals, spurring the field’s evolution through peer sharing and community building.

Efforts must be significantly ramped up to provide a welcoming avenue for new entrants into the cybersecurity field, particularly the younger generation.

Knowledge sharing initiatives and bridging the gap between theoretical understanding and practical, hands-on experience could encourage interest and foster growth in the industry.

Furthermore, company dynamics play a pivotal role in shaping the cybersecurity landscape. Small security-focused teams often shoulder the entire responsibility for company security, which can precipitate relational difficulties due to the imposition of necessary security measures.

To mitigate this, a shift in company culture towards a more encompassing acceptance of cybersecurity is needed. A more distributed responsibility for cybersecurity across the entire workforce could promote this shift.

Media depictions of cybersecurity also wield considerable influence, shaping perceptions and fostering interest in the field.

Films such as ‘Hackers’ and ‘War Games’ have inspired the ’80s generation. Lastly, a distinct gender gap exists in the cybersecurity realm, underscored by Joao’s failed attempts to hire a woman for an open position. This situation, where the post remained empty until a man filled the gap, illustrates the need for proactive action to improve gender diversity within the industry.

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The importance of involving young individuals in cybersecurity is an issue at the forefront of international discussions, given the ever-rising threats in the cyber domain. Specifically, the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) in Poland has been integral in marketing this involvement.

Affiliated with the esteemed United Nations, the IGF in Poland placed a special focus on youth engagement, highlighting the importance of their active participation in this crucial issue.

Tertiary education students’ perspective on cybersecurity is noteworthy, revealing a solid interest and propensity for the subject.

Meetings were organised between March and June of 2023 that brought these students into discussions on topics such as cyber policy, internet governance, and human rights in the digital realm. Importantly, 15% of student respondents in the questionnaire had attended university cybersecurity courses, whilst a staggering 71% endorsed that cybersecurity training should be a mandatory part of their tertiary studies.

It is particularly interesting to note from the questionnaire that an emerging academic interest exists among the youth in fields such as artificial intelligence (AI) and cybersecurity. This finding indicates an urgent need for high-quality education and training programmes in these sectors, especially considering that digital careers are expected to dominate the future job market.

However, such enthusiasm is somewhat cooled by a considerable sense of apprehension and concern about potential cyber attacks. Notably, 63% of questionnaire respondents expressed concern about this issue, with 99% pinpointing cybercrime and 97% data leaks as substantial cybersecurity threats.

Julia Piechna’s professional experience presents a compelling argument for incorporating cybersecurity and safety education into the earliest stages of curriculum design.

She suggested moving away from traditional teaching methods in favour of more unconventional and engaging approaches. This innovative perspective aligns with the argument that educational methodologies need to adapt quickly to the rapid advancements in technology and the evolving dynamics of the industry.

In summing up, it is clear that equipping young individuals with the knowledge and tools to navigate the cyber domain is of utmost importance. Not only does it prepare them for the future job market, but it also instils a profound understanding of the seriousness of cyber threats.

The shift towards more innovative educational methods, coupled with fostering youth participation in forums such as the IGF, offers a promising path for addressing the multifaceted challenges within cybersecurity.

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A comprehensive analysis underscores the critical importance of proactive online participant engagement in driving strategic development and policy decisions. This level of involvement was facilitated through digital platforms like menti.com, which engendered an interactive environment for individuals to articulate their opinions.

Participants’ collective interaction was enabled using a QR code, and they were invited to join the platform through a shared code.

The necessity of formulating a well-defined strategic plan emerged as a primary area of concern, alongside the requirement for an enhanced online presence.

Participants highlighted this through their feedback and prioritisation, demonstrating a strong need for an online platform delivering comprehensive training and workshops, syncing with adult education needs.

The feedback signalled that promoting collaboration among industry professionals, universities, and the cybersecurity workforce is the top priority.

This viewpoint indicates a broad consensus on the need to foster partnerships and establish direct links between these sectors to drive innovation, catalyse skills development, and enhance industry-university engagement.

Another top priority identified across all educational levels is the enhancement of cybersecurity skills, underscoring the pivotal role of cybersecurity in contemporary life.

This necessity of integrating cybersecurity training at all stages of the educational pathway, from primary school to professional development, has emerged as a core recommendation, aiming at a universally cyber-literate society.

Participants also emphasised the importance of harnessing best practice from the cybersecurity and tertiary sectors.

This attention to fostering a culture of knowledge sharing and standardising effective, secure practices is essential for prioritising infrastructure and network security in the broader educational and industrial context.

Raising interest in the cybersecurity industry, both in academia and the vocational space, is another crucial recommendation from the analysis.

The promotion of this field is pivotal in harnessing a diverse talent pool, given the escalating demand for cybersecurity professionals.

Significant interest was also voiced in providing online training on emerging topics via digital platforms, with leadership from industry experts.

This exhibits the need to maintain a contemporary repository of knowledge and expertise and demonstrates the appeal of accessible, high-quality professional development.

These priorities are notably endorsed by Katarzyna Kaliszewicz, further reinforcing their relevance and signalling the strategic focus that these preferences propose.

The analysis also reveals a growing consensus around the need to have specialised cybersecurity roles within corporate organisations.

This perspective is underpinned by the universal interaction with digital technology and data across industries. The comparison with workplace safety specialists, which are commonplace in organisations, substantiates this viewpoint. Especially in sectors like the medical industry, where the integration of digital tools is rapidly increasing, the need for cybersecurity specialisation is paramount.

Lastly, the analysis foresees an impending need for an increased number of trained cybersecurity professionals. A call to action is thereby made to augment and amplify cybersecurity training in anticipation of this demand, mitigating the risk of a significant talent deficit.

Emphasising these specific priorities at the core of strategic decision making is imperative, given the ever-evolving cybersecurity landscape.

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Larry is the dedicated CEO of Connect Safely, a non-governmental organisation (NGO) situated in the heart of innovation—Silicon Valley. This NGO is earnestly committed to issues concerning child safety, privacy, and security for all stakeholders. Larry’s roles are not limited to his leadership at Connect Safely.

He is also an influential member of the Youth Standing Group, where he steadfastly focuses on advocating similar protections.

There is a deep-rooted concern about the ever-expanding gap in the cybersecurity field. Despite technological advances, the human capacity to develop solutions is not evolving at the same pace as the escalating complexity of cybersecurity threats.

This imbalance emphasises a pressing requirement for further focus in this sector to certify the security of our digital environments.

A notable element is the explicit relevance of diversity, creativity, critical thinking, and holistic cognition skills in tackling cybersecurity complications.

It is recognised that a diverse workforce is better positioned to cater to a varied community. Importantly, the possession of holistic and critical thinking abilities, often neglected over technical capabilities, can lead to more effective troubleshooting strategies in this sector.

The active involvement and early exposure of high-school students to the realities of the cybersecurity domain are enthusiastically endorsed.

With numerous opportunities available, young individuals could potentially transition directly into cybersecurity roles post-schooling. This practical experience not only guarantees a thorough understanding of cyber infrastructure functions, but it also equips them with valuable skills that supplement their theoretical knowledge.

The significance of real-world interaction, networking, and practical experience in accelerating learning is undeniable.

Insights from informal exchanges and networking at events often offer learning experiences far beyond traditional classrooms, enabling an intensified understanding of the sphere.

Despite being known for its stress-inducing nature, cybersecurity is identified as a critical sector offering significant and important jobs.

Adequate measures such as satisfactory compensation and clear career advancement options are deemed imperative to maintain a motivated and committed workforce.

These findings intricately link with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Good Health and Well-being, Quality Education, and Decent Work and Economic Growth.

These observations act as a vital reminder of the interconnectedness of various socio-economic, and political aspects in our pursuit of a secure, just, and sustainable future.

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Maciej Groń expresses robust positivity towards the initiatives of hotlines and help lines, viewed as instrumental in contributing to good health, wellbeing, and fortifying peace, justice, and robust institutions. He recognises these platforms’ crucial role in offering support and guidance to individuals, thereby enhancing societal welfare.

Groń underscores the significant role of universities in achieving quality education and crafting strategic partnerships to achieve broader goals.

His belief in co-operating with educational institutions is rooted in the innovative ideas and diverse perspectives emanating from the academic space. Groń sees such collaboration as pivotal in driving progress and achieving sustainable development goals.

He places extraordinary emphasis on cybersecurity awareness and education in our digital age.

Groń shows positivity towards cybersecurity training programmes spearheaded by NASC, credited with educating thousands of individuals. Further milestones encompass establishing a cyber science centre and partnering with three universities, collectively working towards bolstering cybersecurity education. These initiatives are reported to have facilitated responsible digital interactions, thereby fostering decent work and economic growth.

Groń also highlights the necessity for international cooperation in cybersecurity.

He suggests that such cooperation leads to mutual learning and shared resources, improving cybersecurity measures globally. Policymakers and cybersecurity professionals, according to Groń, must strive to foster international collaborations to combat evolving threats in the digital landscape.

Mirroring sentiments of comprehensive engagement, Groń advocates for strategic cooperation between private and public sectors.

He imagines this fusion as a combination of educational efforts and business interests, promoting decent work opportunities and economic growth. He highlights a partnership platform created specifically for cybersecurity, underlining its potential for fostering public-private collaborations.

Groń acknowledges NASC’s positive contributions to establishing a robust national cybersecurity system in Poland.

He commends their influential role in steering related legislation, providing informed opinions and recommendations. Notably, he mentions their effective co-operation with the chamber of lawyers, indicating increasingly synchronised work among varied legal entities.

In summary, Maciej Groń emphasises the importance of comprehensive efforts, incorporating diverse sectors, educational institutions, and legal entities to bolster cybersecurity learning, devise efficacious legislation, and construct robust cybersecurity infrastructures.

His comments reflect the collective efforts required to navigate complex cybersecurity terrains, accentuating the significance of effective partnerships in accomplishing these goals.

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In 2022, a disturbing trend was noted where almost 70% of companies in Latin America reported experiencing some form of cybersecurity problem. This painted a picture of inadequate preparedness for significant cybersecurity threats across the corporate landscape. Notably, the governments of Costa Rica and Colombia faced significant cyber attacks, further emphasising the gravity of the situation.

Interestingly, in challenging business times, companies often resort to cutting their security provisions in an attempt to save resources.

However, this approach was questioned as these companies ended up losing millions in cyber attacks, predicaments that are not only costlier but also more disruptive and could have been effectively managed or even avoided with adequate security provisions in place.

On a positive note, awareness of the necessity for widespread, scalable solutions to enhance cybersecurity is increasing.

More emphasis is being placed on robust, far-reaching education and training programmes to equip more professionals with essential cybersecurity skills. The adoption of these education and training initiatives are gradually increasing, with instances of new cybersecurity measures being implemented by companies increasing by approximately 10% per year.

However, this progress is overshadowed by the fact that cyber attacks continue to grow far more menacingly, increasing by a worrying 20%, thus pointing to a vast shortfall in the necessary measures.

It is evident that current measures are failing to keep pace with the rapidly evolving threat landscape, with it being estimated that at least 200,000 professionals skilled in this sector are needed in Mexico alone to prevent such cyber intrudiations.

In response to these insights, a concerted effort among various stakeholders is being called for.

The public sector, private enterprises, and academic institutions are all urged to collaborate to understand and subsequently tackle the cybersecurity challenge. This joint strategy advocates sector-wide implementation of educational programmes aiming to enlighten companies about latent cyber risks and how to prevent potential attacks.

Arguably, certain individuals within the industry have exhibited varying levels of commitment towards these challenges, exemplified by Raul Echeverria who appears not to prioritise cybersecurity as strongly as necessary.

Nevertheless, this should not discourage the broader industry from setting appropriate and effective cyber defence strategies.

Additionally, it is suggested that existing corporate culture could also be remodelled. Companies are advised to adopt short-term hiring strategies, whilst simultaneously offering prospective employees a progressive growth plan which exposes them to various areas within the organisation.

This would likely attract more professionals to the sector, effectively helping to bridge the existing skills gap.

In conclusion, collaboration involving the public sector, private enterprises, and academic institutions is crucial for the sector to remain secure and efficiently combat ongoing threats to their cyber infrastructure.

While certain industry players have demonstrated lesser commitment, it is vital for all players to accord equal attention to these issues to not only thwart cyber attacks but also build a robust workforce for the future.

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This discourse is centered around two UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – SDG 4 and SDG 9. SDG 4 seeks Quality Education, advocating lifelong learning opportunities, whilst SDG 9 promotes the development of resilient infrastructure and the nourishing of innovation. In this context, the discussion’s focus is on the practical implementation of cybersecurity and enhanced education.

The dialogue is informed by the International Society of Service Innovation Professionals, Cybersecurity, and Cybercrime Advisors (IS3C), a dynamic coalition within the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) system.

This coalition has stressed the diligent efforts of its two working groups, each centring on a distinct facet of cybersecurity.

The first of these groups is set to produce a comprehensive report on the security design of the Internet of Things (IoT).

As IoT devices multiply, their security has transformed into a critical focus. The second working group is targeting government procurement and supply chain management, two areas crucial for a secure digital economy. Additionally, the creation of a tool designed to assist governments procuring ICT securely is seen as a adjunctive value addition to bolster cybersecurity.

The discussion unfailingly identified the persistent gap in cyber security education: a gap showing no signs of reducing, thus posing a concerning hindrance to cybersecurity progress.

In response, the formation of a cybersecurity hub has been suggested, tapping into the IGF’s vast potential for creating connections and educational opportunities.

Throughout the conversation, a positive sentiment prevailed, suggesting an optimistic outlook towards these proposed strategies aimed at enhancing cybersecurity and education.

This positivity underlined the general consensus on the urgent need for pragmatically implementing the knowledge produced in these reports.

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A significant disparity exists between the content taught within universities and the fundamental needs of industries, specifically concerning cybersecurity education. It has been observed, with certain negativity, that universities are becoming entrenched in outdated teaching methodologies. These institutions often prompt students to demonstrate individual brilliance and foster innovation.

However, this approach might inadvertently impede teamwork – an integral ingredient for problem-solving in cybersecurity. Moreover, they put an undue emphasis on inventing new technologies, such as AI, instead of instructing students on their secure usage.

Conversely, it is laudable how industry training programmes in Japan effectively cater to the necessities of the rapidly evolving cyber landscape.

With an annual budget of $20m, these programmes concentrate on the future of technology. They focus on providing practical education on secure applications of cutting-edge technologies such as cloud security and AI implementation, among others. An outstanding aspect of these programmes is their emphatic endorsement of teamwork, acknowledging the multidimensional nature of tech issues within corporate structures.

Parallelly, attention ought to be drawn towards the untapped potential within industries possessing notable digital aspects.

Notwithstanding the escalating level of digitisation within factories, individuals within these workforces frequently fail to recognise potential opportunities to shift towards a career in cybersecurity. To address this issue, a myriad of industry-sponsored training programmes has been initiated in a bid to arm individuals with essential cybersecurity skills.

These comprehensive programmes stretch across a year, operating from Monday to Friday, and cover an array of topics including programming, penetration testing, and defence exercises. Intriguingly, they also conduct business-oriented drills, involving briefings to Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs), board members, accountants, and lawyers.

Conversely, the switch to a cybersecurity profession necessitates a substantial commitment of a year, considering the intricate nature of both technological adaptations and legal/regulatory developments.

This has triggered a backlash from certain industrial contingents, leading to the suggestion that the demanding duration could potentially deter prospective aspirants.

Lastly, it’s worth considering the ‘security hub’ – a proposed global collaboration platform designed to bolster internet safety.

Ideally, this hub should promote less strenuous participation, encouraging involvement across various scales. However, the success of such an endeavour would heavily rely on establishing a network of trust. This brings associated risk as malevolent entities could potential exploit this network, hence careful strategic planning alongside stringent safeguards are indispensable to its development.

To summarise, whilst academia must endeavour to bridge the gap with industrial necessities in cybersecurity education, industry-sponsored training and innovative propositions like the ‘security hub’ offer unique opportunities to enhance cybersecurity skills and facilitate global teamwork.

Nevertheless, elements such as the duration of training and trust issues in a collaborative platform require thorough analysis to ensure sustained engagement in these initiatives.

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The summary primarily probes into two predominant themes related to the virtual realm, with specific emphasis on the Metaverse.

One primary focal point is the possible fatigue and confusion triggered in the human brain due to exposure to virtual reality.

This concern is rooted mainly in the proposal centred on Naem-san, who, despite existing within the virtual universe, may still be susceptible to physical exhaustion due to her organic essence remaining seeded in palpable reality. This sentiment is encapsulated by a palpable undercurrent of worry, with a spectator voicing apprehension over the possibility that the stark distinction between tangible and virtual realities could result in brain confusion, especially when both realities intermingle.

In contrast, the other focus orbits around curiosity and intrigue regarding commercial practices within the Metaverse.

This curiosity hails from inquiries about the function of firms within this digital expanse and their strategic marketing operations. The sentiment resonates with neutrality, emerging from a quest to comprehend the mechanisms and dynamics of the Metaverse. The breadth of these inquiries broadens to encompass speculations about monetary exchanges within the Metaverse.

This curiosity is solidified by the acknowledgment that the speakers have noted businesses inaugurating marketing ventures within the virtual dimension, and have voiced a keenness to discern more about the role and potential advantages for users and businesses alike.

The extensive dissection of these themes provides insight into human adaptability in relation to rising virtual environments such as the Metaverse.

Moreover, the analysis underscores the escalating significance and potential of such digital spaces for commercial purposes, illustrating the importance of comprehending their dynamics and functionalities. Nevertheless, the analysis also highlights potential challenges, particularly concerning physical and mental well-being, hence presenting areas requiring further inquiry and research.

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The revie proves a testament to the transformative impact of the Metaverse, most notably underlining the pivotal role avatars possess as instruments of self-expression and communication. Equipped with these avatars, users transcend their physical world identities, thereby uniquely manifesting different aspects of their self-image, conforming or challenging prevailing gender norms.

This premise supports SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure as the Metaverse serves as a creative conduit for its users.

Significant is the commonplace trend of gender swapping within the Metaverse. This potential proves avant-garde, administering individuals with a fresh platform to experience and embody alternate gender identities, which might be beyond their grasp in the physical realm.

Disseminated statistics indicate that over 70% of both male and female Metaverse users adopt feminine persona. This remarkable progression promotes broader comprehension of gender, propelling the goals of SDG 5: Gender Equality and SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities.

Embedded within the insights is the revelation of the unfortunate ubiquity of harassment within the Metaverse, stressing that women and minorities predominantly suffer unwarranted behaviour.

This distressing element poses a threat to SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities and SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, signalling urgent reforms needed to uphold user safety.

Responding to these safety anxieties, users have voiced fervent need for more secure and less restrictive experiences within the Metaverse.

Their specifications embrace enhanced flexibility in self-defence mechanisms, rigorous moderation and an adjustable safety framework. They also emphasised trepidation regarding possible overarching restrictions curtailing their freedom within the Metaverse.

Interestingly, the analysis places heavy emphasis on the motivations of the involved companies, determining the success of the Metaverse.

It elucidates that incorporating ethics at the heart of corporative goals assures optimal utilisation and effective marketisation within the Metaverse, whilst minimising exploitative practices.

Finally, there is substantial advocacy towards embedding rules within the Metaverse that champion diversity and ethical wellbeing, aligning with SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities and SDG 5: Gender Equality.

This insight insists on the significance of such directives to counteract the potential emergence of monopolies, maintaining ethical equilibrium. This sentiment certainly parallels the understanding that behind every avatar in the Metaverse reside genuine individuals deserving courteous treatment.

In conclusion, the Metaverse renders a creative space teeming with opportunities for self-expression, communication and exploration.

However, it equally flags challenges, from harassment to monopolistic threats, all of which require staunch mitigation strategies to construct an ethical, diverse, and equitable virtual world.

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The dialogue reveals multiple facets of the emerging Metaverse; a virtual realm which creates opportunities for personal expression, introduces unique challenges, and might potentially offer cognitive health benefits.

An intriguing insight is that individuals’ virtual identities within the Metaverse are frequently influenced by their cultural backgrounds.

Crucially, this online platform provides a space for people to explore alternate gender identities, enabling them to challenge or uphold dominant gender norms. The Metaverse is thus a vehicle for users to express elements of their identities they might find hard to communicate in the physical world.

However, no digital universe is devoid of real-world problems. The discussion highlights a deeply troubling issue: harassment within the Metaverse. Alarmingly, women and minorities are particularly targeted for such experiences. More concerning is the notion that merely possessing a feminine avatar can invite more harassment, hinting at a concerning digital perpetuation of gender-based discrimination.

Complementing these insights, data from Japan demonstrates how economic stagnation and cultural expectations are spurring some men to assume feminine virtual avatars, as a means of escaping societal pressure. The Metaverse thus emerges as an instrument for challenging and navigating around pre-established socio-cultural norms.

Nonetheless, while grappling with the challenges the Metaverse presents, users are not necessarily advocating restrictive legislation. Most prefer superior moderating processes, improved reporting systems, and adaptable safety measures as opposed to stringent regulation that could potentially squash their virtual freedom and enjoyment.

Notwithstanding the challenges and inequalities, a positive aspect of this virtual experience comes to light. Adjusting between the Metaverse and physical reality is feasible. The transitional process is likened to mood shifts experienced when moving between formal and relaxed states.

Extending this concept, it is proposed that the cognitive effort needed to adapt to the Metaverse could serve a health-promoting role. The brain stimulation incurred from shifting realities might act as a form of anti-ageing training, supporting longevity and cognitive health.

In conclusion, this discourse presents a nuanced perspective of the Metaverse. It emphasises its potential as a platform for alternative identity performance and the troubling prevalence of harassment within it. There’s an urgent need for enhanced safety measures, albeit with a resistance to restrictive legislation.

The evolving nature of the Metaverse continues to inspire questions and curiosity, particularly regarding the cognitive health benefits of engaging within this emerging virtual world.

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The Metaverse represents a transformative innovation within the realm of Virtual Reality, fostering environments conducive to the development of sustainable infrastructure and communities (SDG 9 and 11). It heralds a new norm of living; a universe consciously designed to enhance human existence.

Statistics reveal a surge in daily user engagement, with a notable proportion of users spending more than three hours per session, indicative of widespread global adoption of this digital sphere.

Furthermore, the Metaverse significantly influences human communication mechanics, fostering unconventional social interactions that indirectly contribute to quality education and overall well-being (SDG 4 and 3).

By eliminating traditional filters such as age, gender, and titles, the Metaverse cultivates relationships based on personalities over visuals, promoting a healthier form of digital sociability.

In the Metaverse, adopting a virtual identity effects a paradigm shift in personal representation, aiding in reducing socio-cultural inequalities and bolstering gender equity (SDG 10 and 5).

Data suggests a trend, showing most users prefer avatars with feminine characteristics, hinting at an increased demand for feminine representation in digital culture.

Alongside this preference for feminine avatars, a reduction in the gender gap in virtual identities is apparent.

This is primarily due to an increase in the availability of masculine avatars, offering users wider choices in customising their virtual selves. Changing avatar gender is gaining popularity for reasons beyond the available supply, encompassing fashion and the aspiration for more effective communication.

Consider the case of ‘Virtual Girl Nem’, who has spent between three to five years in the Metaverse.

Her ability to switch seamlessly between the virtual and physical world by wearing VR goggles, exemplifies human adaptability to this new digital era. Nem’s experience showcases the evolution of human adaptability, as we navigate varied environments both professionally and personally.

Within the Metaverse, it has been identified that for success, effective user communication is vital—a challenge currently faced by numerous tech giants.

The service sector should focus on establishing sound communication with users to garner positive results in the Metaverse. The Metaverse’s future invites considerable optimism, primarily due to its potential to offer myriad business opportunities and redefine human communication. Prioritising effective user service interactions is fundamental for the Metaverse to flourish successfully.

In summation, the Metaverse contributes to various Sustainable Development Goals by fostering innovation, promoting equality, and revolutionising communication dynamics.

With a growing user base and evolving identities, the potential for the Metaverse is vast. However, to truly achieve its potential, an efficient communication approach, crucial to engaging users, is key to driving its progressive development.

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This comprehensive examination primarily focusses on the intertwined issues of inadequate representation, digital disconnection, and gender disparities within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). There is a pressing need for broader representation from the global majority and a more significant involvement of women in the Internet Governance Forum (IGF), and the Digital Economy.

Concerningly, reports and statistics on digital connectivity appear to overlook rural areas and regions suffering from disrupted electricity supply, pointing to a perceived urban bias.

It’s necessary to understand that the question of consistent electricity supply is intrinsically linked to the progress of digital connectivity. Acknowledging this is a vital step towards ensuring digital inclusion for all.

The conversation also tackles the prevailing societal fear that the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) will lead to an increase in unemployment, particularly hitting young Africans.

This stereotype overshadows the potential positive effects of AI in the workforce.

However, there are also positive aspects within this argument. It recognises achievements made by women within the technology sector. Documenting and showcasing these successes and innovations will boost much-needed visibility and acknowledgement.

For initiatives such as the Global Digital Compact, it’s argued that women and young individuals should be treated as stakeholders, rather than just beneficiaries. Their voices and contributions are vital in moulding the digital landscape.

A striking observation within the analysis is the substantial digital divide in Mexico, with stark disparities in internet access and usage.

Women and the older generations are disproportionately affected by this issue, with almost 78.1% of Mexican women reported to have trouble using the internet, primarily due to age and lack of knowledge. There’s a positive mindset emerging that suggests these demographics should be empowered through an education about the internet.

In summary, this detailed analysis calls for concerted efforts to overcome representation gaps, disparities in digital connectivity, and gender inequality within the digital sphere.

These measures are critical to effectuate the related SDGs to ensure that advancements in technology, AI included, promote inclusive growth and equality. Recognition of achievements, especially amongst women in technology, and the shift from mere beneficiaries to stakeholders in digital initiatives, are key steps on this journey.

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The analysis reveals a stark gender disparity in digital spaces, a phenomenon particularly prominent in Africa where a mere 15% of the population have proper access to the internet. Among those, a significant majority are men, indicating a deep-rooted gender gap in the digital landscape of the continent.

The absence of women’s voices presents a prevalent issue in both political and digital discourse, undermining the premise of information democratisation. The lack of leadership opportunities for women in tech spaces further exacerbates this imbalance.

Progress has been observed in arenas such as the Internet Governance Forum (IGF), characterised by an emerging focus on women’s presence in leadership roles that help shape the digital platform.

Despite such strides, challenges persist. A significant facet of these predicaments lies in the widespread digital illiteracy and limited understanding of technology’s benefits, reflecting slow technology adoption across Africa. Alarmingly, 85% of the African population remains unaware of their ‘rights’ outlined by the IGF, primarily due to their restricted access to the internet.

In some countries, women’s access to the internet is extraordinarily low, at around 12% compared to their male counterparts. The need for comprehensive efforts to enhance digital infrastructure, elevate literacy levels, and implement capacity-building measures is crucial to usher more women into the digital domain.

However, not all is grim.

The aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic has seen a welcome increase in the number of women embracing the ICT sector. The persistent work-from-home requirement has allowed female participation on the internet substantially, letting a previously underrepresented section of society contribute to the digital conversation.

Initiatives emphasising women’s entrepreneurship are also noteworthy.

They leverage digital technology to improve business operations. An exemplary programme is the ECA, which has successfully assisted numerous women; ambitions are set high to expand this programme to all African countries by 2025. Complementary to these efforts are strides to ensure female inclusivity and active participation in digital spaces, supported by the expected surge in Africa’s young demographic and various capacity-building endeavours.

Support for the Feminist Global Digital Compact principles is also significant.

These principles encompass a myriad of provisions focused on digital rights, freedom from gender-based violence, universal digital rights, safe internet usage, safeguards against harmful surveillance and transparency in AI. This endorsement heralds a future of digital spaces that adhere to the principles of equality and safety.

Yet, significant hurdles persist.

One crucial issue is that of inadequate and inconsistent electricity supply, as observed in South Africa, which directly influences consistent digital connectivity. This issue highlights the broader need for inclusivity in addressing the challenges faced by nations in the Global South in relation to digital economies.

It is instrumental for global digital discourse to extensively acknowledge these challenges to develop a well-rounded global approach.

The argument for promoting women’s technological literacy carries considerable weight given their vital role in educating future generations. It is cautioned that the onset of an under-educated or technologically illiterate generation could severely compromise the future.

The importance of empowerment is underscored as a fundamental element of progress. The insights gained call for an expansion of initiatives like Women in IGF beyond Africa to achieve truly global coverage. Ultimately, striving for gender equality remains pivotal in fostering a diversified, inclusive, and innovative digital future.

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In Africa, despite substantial progress, wide disparities persist in the engagement of women in the tech sector and the equalisation of internet access. Women currently comprise less than 12% of the workforce in the tech field, significantly lower than the global average of 40%.

The primary contributing factors involve limited internet access and the gender digital divide. To counter these issues, several African nations have initiated funding schemes to encourage and support women’s involvement in tech.

The positive increase in women joining the digital sector, spurred by changes to work dynamics during the COVID pandemic, has strengthened these efforts.

This trend highlights the potential of African women to substantively contribute to the digital economy given suitable resources and opportunities.

Nonetheless, progress remains hindered, particularly for rural women who continue to face appreciable barriers to accessing the digital world.

These obstructions include inadequate internet connectivity, with less than 10% of rural areas having access, and entrenched cultural practices that impede efforts to overcome the digital divide and restrict women from utilising digital technologies and gaining necessary skills.

The digital divide also extends to a significant proportion of Africa’s population, suffering from lack of access to electricity.

This challenge, impacting over 50% of African inhabitants, substantially hinders digital access. However, solutions are being proposed, including efficient use of existing infrastructure and the deployment of innovative low-energy technologies, offering potential improvements to digital access.

Moreover, it’s important to recognise that not only access but safe navigation of the digital sphere remains a concern for African women.

Reports indicate that 30-40% of women face online harassment, depending on the country, highlighting the need for robust protective measures such as raising awareness about cybersecurity. This will ensure women’s safety in the digital arena.

Adding to these complexities, many African women lack legal identity due to established cultural norms.

This reality affects approximately 5 million people, predominantly women. This absence of official identification further marginalises these women, exacerbating the issues connected with digital exclusion and complicating the trajectory towards gender equality.

In conclusion, whilst strategic interventions and improvements in digital infrastructure have been implemented, achieving digital inclusion of women in Africa still necessitates comprehensive, concerted and context-specific actions.

These initiatives should address the multifaceted challenges, from enhancing digital and electricity access to altering cultural attitudes and ensuring legal recognition. This comprehensive approach is a prerequisite to realising an inclusive digital future and, in doing so, fostering progress towards the broader Sustainable Development Goals.

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The sentiment across the analysed items suggests a strong emphasis on securing meaningful connectivity and representation for women in the digital realm, particularly in STEM careers. This assertion is supported by statements revealing a considerable ‘leaky pipeline’ effect globally, resulting in fewer women and reduced retention in STEM-related sectors.

Worryingly, the data reveals that only 22% of primary schools in Africa offer reliable internet connectivity, and women are 19% less likely to utilise mobile internet compared to men.

There is a robust case for the urgent need to increase involvement and representation of women in the STEM field.

It is posited that, whilst opportunities for both genders are ostensibly equal at an early age, cultural norms and deep-seated biases often guide women towards the arts.

The review also underlines the potential risk of women’s exclusion from forthcoming opportunities in emerging technologies.

The sentiment expressed suggests that unless the integration and participation of women in this digital revolution are considered from early childhood, achieving meaningful gender equality in these areas could remain elusive.

Crucially, the importance of data reflecting women’s experiences in the digital economy is emphasised, supporting fair decision-making.

In its absence, there is an elevated risk of biased outcomes and decisions, perpetuating systemic gender-based discrimination in resource allocation. Better representation within collected data could serve as an effective remedy to such bias.

Addressing digital inclusion in rural areas, there is suggestion of implementing innovative methods, such as art and drama.

These creative outlets are proposed as means to expand digital space awareness, transcending connectivity issues to ensure vital information reaches rural populations. Moreover, the role of African youth, who constitute the majority of the continent’s population, could be instrumental in disseminating these technologies.

Additionally, there is a compelling argument for utilising innovative technological solutions to bridge the digital divide, particularly acute in rural areas.

The belief is that all individuals can bring digital awareness to their local communities, thus facilitating potential technological progress. The digital space is envisioned as a pivotal tool in driving such advancement, reducing inequalities for sustainable development.

In conclusion, the arguments and evidence presented suggest a positive shift in attitudes towards gender equality, quality education, and reduced inequalities.

However, substantial work needs to be done to ensure comprehensive digital inclusion and equal representation in STEM fields, particularly concerning women and rural communities.

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Ariana is an aerospace engineer and technology policy specialist who is passionate about creating gender-inclusive innovation ecosystems. Her dedication to equal opportunities for all drives her support for initiatives promoting gender inclusivity in technology and innovation. Ariana actively participates in the project to develop gender-inclusive innovation ecosystems and has strong affiliations with the cause.

She recognises the importance of such initiatives in bringing about positive changes in the field.

Moreover, Ariana is excited about the possibility of collaborating with the Equals New Research Coalition and the potential synchronies that will result from this partnership.

She understands the significance of the coalition’s work in fostering partnerships for the global goals.

Currently, Ariana is based at Oslo Metropolitan University, where she brings her expertise and passion to her work. Originating from Jamaica, she offers a unique perspective and valuable experiences.

Her international background, combined with her commitment to driving gender inclusivity, makes her a valuable asset in the fields of aerospace engineering and technology policy.

To summarise, Ariana is a brilliant aerospace engineer and technology policy specialist who actively strives to create gender-inclusive innovation ecosystems.

Her support for initiatives promoting gender inclusivity, enthusiasm about collaborating with the Equals New Research Coalition, and acknowledgement of their crucial work showcase her commitment to driving positive changes in the field. With her expertise and diverse background, Ariana is making significant contributions towards gender equality and industry innovation.

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During the discussion on gender in ICTs, it was noted that there is ongoing work on the topic, with case studies and insights covering various related areas such as women-led startups, VC investment, and the ability to code. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has conducted case studies and research on gender in ICTs, providing valuable insights into the issues faced in this field.

These insights also extend to areas such as artificial intelligence (AI), internet access, and the role of women in the technology industry.

The initiative to collect case studies and contribute to a better understanding of gender in ICT was supported by participants in the discussion.

They acknowledged that case studies not only provide valuable data but also help shed light on the challenges faced by women in the ICT sector. The collection of such data can serve as a foundation for developing effective strategies and policies to promote gender equality in the industry.

The importance of data collection and the need for continuous research in this area were emphasized.

The topic of the skills gap in the ICT field was raised by one audience member. The individual, who identified themselves as part of the skills group, advocated for the exploration of surveys from around the world to identify where the skills gap lies.

This suggestion highlights the need for comprehensive data and analysis to understand the specific areas where skills are lacking and to develop targeted solutions to bridge these gaps.

Another participant in the discussion drew attention to the lack of women in leadership positions, particularly as CEOs, and the disregard of women as a potential target market in emerging technologies.

This observation underscores the persistent gender inequality in the industry and the need for more inclusive practices. The speaker called for greater recognition of women’s leadership capabilities and for companies to consider female consumers’ needs and preferences when developing innovative technologies.

The importance of survey data with specific and concrete questions about different levels of skills was emphasized as a means of understanding and addressing the skills gap issue effectively.

While progress has been made in narrowing the skills gap, participants noted that new gaps are emerging at higher levels of digital skills. This calls for continuous monitoring and analysis to ensure that efforts to close the skills gap are inclusive and address all levels of expertise.

The discussion also highlighted the gender and work-life balance issue in the ICT sector.

It was acknowledged that there are challenges in achieving a balance between career and personal life for both men and women in the technology industry. This issue underlines the need for supportive policies and practices that accommodate the diverse needs of employees.

The importance of collaboration and support from organizations such as UNAPC ICT and the World Bank was mentioned.

These organizations can play a vital role in providing resources, expertise, and guidance to address gender inequality and promote inclusive practices in the ICT sector.

Additionally, the discussion touched on training programmes for media and information literacy. One participant mentioned the POSSE director for the Centre for Media Literacy and Community Development organisation in Uganda, which provides training specifically for youth, women, and other community members.

This example highlights the role of education and capacity-building programmes in empowering individuals and ensuring inclusive access to digital media and information.

Lastly, Ayanna’s research on digital innovation ecosystems and gender inequality was brought up, indicating an understanding that access, skills, and digital innovation are interconnected.

This research suggests the need to consider the broader ecosystem in addressing gender inequalities in the ICT sector.

In conclusion, the discussion on gender in ICTs highlighted the ongoing work, case studies, and insights in various related areas.

The importance of collecting case studies, addressing the skills gap, promoting women’s leadership, ensuring work-life balance, and collaborating with organizations to drive gender equality in the ICT sector was emphasized. Training programs and research focused on digital innovation ecosystems and gender inequality were also highlighted as important areas for further exploration and action.

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Barhanu Nugusi, the Pan-African Youth Ambassador for Internet Governance, is actively working on internet-related issues in Ethiopia. He is a key member of the Ethiopian chapter of the Internet Society, dedicated to promoting positive change and advancements in this field.

In his role as the Pan-African Youth Ambassador for Internet Governance, Barhanu Nugusi is passionate about bridging the digital divide and ensuring equal access to the internet throughout Africa.

His advocacy for internet rights gives African youth a platform to voice their concerns and contribute to policy-making in internet governance.

In Ethiopia, Barhanu Nugusi specifically focuses on addressing challenges and opportunities related to internet access and usage.

Through collaboration with stakeholders, he develops strategies to enhance industry, innovation, and internet infrastructure. This aligns with Goal 9 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which aims to promote sustainable industrialization and technological advancement.

Barhanu Nugusi’s efforts also support Goal 11 of the SDGs, which aims to create sustainable cities and communities.

Internet access is vital for urban development as it enables individuals and communities to access information, services, and opportunities. By working towards improving internet access and usage in Ethiopia, Barhanu Nugusi directly contributes to achieving this goal.

Barhanu Nugusi’s commitment to internet issues in Ethiopia signifies a positive shift towards digital inclusion and empowerment.

His initiatives not only enhance economic growth and innovation but also bridge the digital gap between urban and rural areas. By ensuring equal access and opportunities for all, he is fostering a more sustainable and inclusive society.

In conclusion, Barhanu Nugusi’s role as the Pan-African Youth Ambassador for Internet Governance, along with his work with the Ethiopian chapter of the Internet Society, reflects his active involvement in addressing internet-related issues in Ethiopia.

His efforts align with Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, and Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities of the United Nations SDGs. Through his dedication and initiatives, Barhanu Nugusi contributes to digital inclusion and creates a more sustainable future for Ethiopia and the African continent as a whole.

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Chandra Prakash Sharma, the CEO and founder of BizFlux, an Indian-based company, has announced a collaboration with Dr. Sakano and Mr. Jeffrey from the Philippines. The collaboration aims to develop a locally accessible cloud system project.

The project is focused on providing businesses in the Philippines with easy access to cloud technology.

Although cloud technology has gained popularity due to its scalability, cost-effectiveness, and improved efficiency, its adoption in the Philippines has been limited due to infrastructure and connectivity issues.

BizFlux, under the leadership of Sharma, aims to address these barriers by developing a cloud system that is accessible within the local context.

This project has the potential to revolutionize how businesses operate and manage data, eliminating the need for costly on-premises servers and offering flexible and scalable storage solutions.

The collaboration with Dr. Sakano, an expert in cloud technologies, and Mr.

Jeffrey, who brings local market understanding and business development expertise, is essential for the success of this project. Their combined knowledge and experience will ensure that the cloud system is tailored to the unique needs and challenges of the Philippine market.

This collaboration is a significant step towards widespread adoption and accessibility of cloud technology in the Philippines.

By equipping businesses with the tools and resources to harness the power of the cloud, this project has the potential to drive innovation, enhance productivity, and contribute to economic growth.

In conclusion, Chandra Prakash Sharma’s announcement of the collaboration with Dr.

Sakano and Mr. Jeffrey for the locally accessible cloud system project is a promising development in the Philippines’ cloud technology landscape. This project aims to overcome barriers and enable businesses to leverage the benefits of cloud computing, ultimately driving economic growth and fostering innovation.

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Christopher Yu, a researcher from the University of Pennsylvania, is actively involved in empirical research aimed at understanding and measuring the effects of mobile internet connectivity on socioeconomic well-being, with a particular emphasis on gender. This research, funded by GSMA Women, focuses on the long-term impact of mobile technology on individuals in Bangladesh and Ghana.

Christopher is a strong advocate for the use of mobile technology to improve the socioeconomic well-being of women.

Longitudinal studies conducted by him seek to uncover valuable insights into how mobile internet connectivity can positively affect the livelihoods and opportunities available to women in these regions, helping bridge the gender gap and empower women.

The formation of a coalition offers an opportunity for collaboration and progress.

Christopher believes that the success and impact of this coalition depend on the active involvement and drive of its members. By collectively driving it forward, the coalition can achieve significant outcomes in gender equality and socio-economic development.

Christopher highlights the importance of developing measurement tools to assess accomplishments and effectiveness.

Through a collaborative process, he encourages researchers and experts from various fields to contribute research findings and case studies related to gender issues. This inclusive approach fosters a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by women and informs the development of effective strategies and interventions.

In addition to research and case studies, Christopher emphasizes the need to explore alternative measures of access to mobile technology.

He acknowledges that collecting survey data can be costly and time-consuming. Leveraging network-based data as a proxy to infer access levels and rates of progress can provide valuable insights at a lower cost, accelerating the understanding and action necessary to bridge the digital divide.

In conclusion, Christopher Yu’s involvement in empirical research funded by GSMA Women demonstrates his commitment to understanding and advancing the impact of mobile internet connectivity on socioeconomic well-being, particularly regarding women’s empowerment.

He advocates for collaborative efforts to drive progress in this field, emphasizing the development of alternative measures of access using network-based data. Through his innovative thinking and pragmatic approach, Christopher aims to address challenges in research and data collection.

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Chung Park, a participant from KAIST School, expresses his gratitude to Professor Choi for attending the conference venue. However, Chung is unable to register on-site due to temporary unavailability. He apologizes for any inconvenience caused. Despite not being physically present, he has been actively engaging in the conference by listening to various interviews.

Chung eagerly looks forward to meeting with Professor Choi. This remote participation showcases his commitment and enthusiasm for the event.

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The co-moderator for the session is a PhD student at the Greater School of Science and Technology in KAIST. Their role involves assisting in coordinating the session. One of the speakers focuses on addressing the third-level digital divide from a gender perspective.

This issue pertains to the unequal access and use of digital technologies among different genders. The speaker aims to shed light on this disparity and discuss potential solutions to bridge the gap.

Another speaker in the session is interested in how internet use impacts real-life experiences.

They will explore how the internet has transformed various aspects of our lives, such as communication, information retrieval, and social interactions. This exploration will provide insights into how the internet has influenced our daily routines and interactions with others.

Additionally, the discussion of the third-level digital divide aligns with SDG 5: Gender Equality, which seeks to empower women and promote gender equality in all aspects of society.

By addressing this divide, the session aims to contribute to the achievement of this Sustainable Development Goal.

The exploration of internet use and its impact on real-life experiences is related to SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. This implies that the session acknowledges the importance of internet technology in advancing these areas and seeks to explore the potential it holds for driving innovation and development.

Overall, this session brings together experts and researchers in the field to discuss important issues related to the digital divide, gender equality, internet use, and their impact on real-life experiences.

By highlighting these topics, the session aims to foster a greater understanding of the challenges and opportunities presented by the digital age and contribute to the achievement of the relevant Sustainable Development Goals.

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Dasom Lee is a researcher who explores the applications of AI-based infrastructures and cyber-physical systems. Her research focuses on how these technologies can contribute to environmental and social sustainability. Specifically, Dasom examines their potential in energy systems and self-driving cars.

In the context of energy systems, Dasom investigates how AI can be integrated to enhance efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and promote renewable energy sources.

By leveraging AI algorithms and data analysis, energy systems can be optimized to reduce carbon emissions and support sustainability goals. This research has significant implications for addressing climate change and achieving SDG13: Climate Action.

Another area of Dasom’s research is the role of AI in self-driving cars and its impact on women in the technology market.

Her work explores the gender dynamics in this emerging field, highlighting the differences in how women are considered as primary buyers of self-driving cars. Despite women showing significant interest, they are often overlooked in the design and marketing strategies. Dasom emphasizes the importance of understanding these dynamics to ensure equal access and representation in technology.

Beyond her research on AI and technology, Dasom also addresses the issue of women’s representation in the ICT and technology sectors.

She argues that achieving gender equality requires multi-level types of leadership. She highlights the Internet Society Foundation’s discussion, which presents two types of leadership: fellowship-based and training and e-learning courses-based. By adopting these different approaches, it becomes possible to create inclusive and diverse leadership structures that can drive change in the sector.

This aligns with SDG5: Gender Equality and SDG9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.

Furthermore, Dasom identifies the importance of focusing on specific indicators in-depth to generate more interest and funding for research. This viewpoint is supported by discussions within the OECD group, where the availability of different types of data and the specification of certain indicators were highlighted.

By conducting in-depth analysis and highlighting the significance of specific indicators, researchers can attract more attention and resources towards their work. This aligns with SDG17: Partnerships for the Goals.

Finally, Dasom stresses the significance of studying different types of corporations, such as multinational corporations (MNCs) and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), to gain a comprehensive understanding of women’s leadership roles.

Investigating these diverse contexts allows researchers to identify the varying challenges and opportunities women face in leadership positions within different corporate structures. This research contributes to SDG5: Gender Equality and SDG8: Decent Work and Economic Growth.

In conclusion, Dasom Lee’s research covers various dimensions of AI-based infrastructures, cyber-physical systems, and their impact on environmental sustainability, gender equality, and women’s representation in technology sectors.

Her studies shed light on the potential of technology to drive positive change and highlight the importance of inclusive leadership and focused research efforts. By addressing these issues, we can work towards a more sustainable and equitable future.

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Gaini is an individual who works with LearnAsia, a regional think tank that focuses on developing Asia. She strongly believes that exploring the intersection of gender and the digital economy is an important area of study. LearnAsia conducts nationally representative surveys across six countries in Asia, with a specific emphasis on gender, urban-rural divides, and disability.

LearnAsia has undertaken extensive research to investigate the changes in digital inclusion gaps resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on gender engagement.

They have conducted a post-COVID survey to examine the gaps in digital inclusion and explore whether the pandemic has prompted more women to come online for educational and work-related needs. This research provides insights into the impact of the pandemic on gender equality in accessing digital platforms.

Moreover, LearnAsia has also conducted qualitative research on how women operate in the platform economy, specifically in the context of the COVID-19 crisis.

This research aims to uncover the challenges, opportunities, and experiences encountered by women in the platform economy, providing valuable insights into the relationship between gender and the digital economy in Asia.

Gaini is also representing her colleagues who have worked with EQUALS, an organization dedicated to addressing gender equality in the digital age.

Together, they have conducted surveys in the Asia-Pacific region, further contributing to the body of knowledge on this topic.

Overall, the research conducted by Gaini and her colleagues at LearnAsia and EQUALS highlights the importance of understanding the intersection between gender and the digital economy.

Their work, including nationally representative surveys, investigations into digital inclusion gaps, and qualitative studies on women’s experiences in the platform economy, provides valuable insights and evidence to inform policies and strategies for achieving gender equality in the digital age.

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Jeffrey Llanto is the executive director of the CVSNAP Foundation, a non-profit organization based in the Philippines. The foundation focuses on improving wireless communication capabilities during times of disaster. Llanto is actively involved in the implementation of a locally accessible cloud system project, with the aim of expanding its reach beyond the Philippines.

Llanto is collaborating with Dr.

Sakano and Mr. Sharma from BizFlux, an organization based in India, to successfully execute the cloud system project. This collaboration highlights the importance of international cooperation and partnerships in achieving common goals. By integrating cloud computing technology, the project aims to empower disaster management efforts and enhance communication systems in disaster-affected regions.

These initiatives supported by Llanto and the CVSNAP Foundation align with Sustainable Development Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.

The focus on utilizing the latest technology, particularly wireless communication and cloud systems, reflects the ambition to drive progress and innovation within the disaster management sector. Moreover, these initiatives also align with Sustainable Development Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals by engaging in collaboration with international partners and organizations, ultimately leading to more effective and impactful solutions to address global challenges.

The sentiment towards these initiatives is neutral and positive, indicating recognition of their importance and potential benefits.

Stakeholders are open to adopting technological advancements in disaster management and are supportive of Llanto’s role in facilitating these initiatives.

In conclusion, as the executive director of the CVSNAP Foundation, Jeffrey Llanto plays an active role in improving wireless communication during disaster situations.

Through collaboration with BizFlux, he aims to expand the locally accessible cloud system project to other countries. These initiatives align with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure and SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals. The neutral and positive sentiment towards these initiatives underlines their potential impact and the significance of technological advancements in disaster management.

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Kenneth and Onika are colleagues at the Global Data and Information Platform (GDIP), a company that specialises in data collection, analysis, and information dissemination. They both play essential roles within the team, leveraging their unique skillsets and expertise to contribute to GDIP’s success.

Kenneth is renowned for his exceptional data collection skills. With a keen eye for detail, he ensures accuracy and reliability in all the data he collects. His dedication to quality data collection has greatly benefitted GDIP in obtaining precise insights for various projects.

On the other hand, Onika is an expert in data analysis. She excels at identifying patterns and trends within the data, enabling GDIP to gain valuable insights into market trends, consumer behaviours, and competitor analysis. Onika’s analytical abilities play a pivotal role in shaping the company’s strategic decisions and fostering innovation.

Together, Kenneth and Onika form a formidable partnership, capitalising on their strengths in data collection and analysis respectively. Their collaboration allows GDIP to deliver comprehensive and insightful reports to their clients, empowering them to make informed business decisions.

Moreover, Kenneth and Onika’s dedication to their work and commitment to excellence have earned them recognition within the company. Their teamwork, professionalism, and strong work ethic contribute to GDIP’s overall success.

In conclusion, Kenneth and Onika are invaluable assets to GDIP.

Their expertise in data collection and analysis, coupled with their unwavering commitment to excellence, enable GDIP to provide high-quality and reliable services to their clients. Their contributions have made them integral to GDIP’s success.

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Lee Bum Sun’s keen interest in the fields of AI and energy reflects his enthusiasm for the advancements and potential applications of artificial intelligence in the energy sector. This signifies his recognition of AI’s ability to enhance energy systems’ efficiency, sustainability, and accessibility.

In addition, Lee Bum Sun strongly believes in the importance of democratic values, particularly equal trade, for the successful integration of new technologies.

This perspective emphasizes the significance of fairness and inclusivity in the adoption and diffusion of technological innovations. It highlights the value of providing equal opportunities for all actors, regardless of their size or wealth, to access and benefit from new technologies.

These areas of interest and perspectives align closely with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Lee Bum Sun’s interest in AI and energy relates to the goals of promoting affordable and clean energy (SDG 7) and fostering industry, innovation, and infrastructure (SDG 9). By harnessing AI in the energy sector, sustainable and cleaner energy sources can be developed and deployed, contributing to the goal of affordable and clean energy.

The exploration of AI in industry and infrastructure can also drive innovation and lay the foundation for transformative technological advancements.

Similarly, Lee Bum Sun’s emphasis on democratic values and equal trade aligns with the goal of peace, justice, and strong institutions (SDG 16).

Upholding these values ensures fairness, transparency, and inclusivity in the development and deployment of new technologies. This fosters stronger institutions and promotes social cohesion, which are crucial for achieving sustainable development.

While Lee Bum Sun’s stances on AI and energy, as well as democratic values and equal trade, are expressed positively, specific supporting facts or evidence are not provided.

Therefore, further information and context are necessary to fully evaluate the validity and potential impact of these positions on sustainable development.

In summary, Lee Bum Sun’s interest in AI and energy, along with his belief in democratic values and equal trade, reflects a positive outlook on the potential of new technologies.

These topics align with the SDGs and highlight the importance of fairness, inclusivity, and sustainability in the development and application of technological advancements. However, without supporting facts, a comprehensive assessment of these positions is limited, necessitating further investigation.

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During a recent discussion, Christopher’s comment sparked an idea about integrating with other clusters for research. Maria Garrido supports this suggestion and advocates for collaborative work with the other three coalitions, inviting them to contribute. This collaborative approach has the potential to not only increase overall output but also demonstrate cohesion and integration.

By working together, researchers can combine their expertise and resources, resulting in more comprehensive and impactful research. This aligns with SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals, which emphasizes the importance of collaboration and cooperation for achieving sustainable development. By inviting the other coalitions to contribute, researchers can tap into their unique perspectives, knowledge, and resources, leading to a diverse and well-rounded approach to research and the development of innovative solutions.

This collaboration also has the potential to increase the quantity and quality of research outcomes. Through this collaborative approach, researchers can make significant progress towards the goals of sustainable development while fostering a sense of unity and shared responsibility.

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Moon Choi, the co-leader of the Equals Research Coalition, played a key role in moderating the coalition’s annual meeting. The primary aim of the meeting was to generate more evidence to support the evaluation and implementation of evidence-based policies in the field of IT development.

This emphasis on evidence-based policy highlights the coalition’s commitment to ensuring that decision-making in the IT sector is guided by reliable research.

During the meeting, a colleague from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) delivered the opening speech, further highlighting the importance of collaboration and partnerships in achieving the coalition’s goals.

The ITU’s presence at the meeting underscored the significance of the coalition’s work in the broader context of international telecommunications and technology.

One of the key discussions at the meeting revolved around the goals for the upcoming annual report.

The meeting provided a platform for participants to exchange ideas and insights, with a particular focus on shaping the content and direction of the annual report. This collaborative approach ensures that the report accurately reflects the collective expertise and knowledge of coalition members.

Moon Choi also emphasized the significance of having a brief overview of the organization’s history before moving on to other agenda items.

This recognition of the importance of historical context ensures that participants have a comprehensive understanding of the coalition’s evolution and achievements.

The meeting also highlighted the formation of EQUALS, a collaboration between five partners: ITU, GSMA, United Nations University, UN Women, and ITC.

Established in 2016, EQUALS aims to promote gender equality in the IT sector. This partnership highlights the commitment of the coalition’s members to addressing the gender gap and ensuring inclusive opportunities for all.

The Equals Research Coalition comprises four coalitions: ASSESS, SKILLS, leadership, and research.

Each coalition focuses on specific areas related to gender equality, education, and economic growth. These coalitions serve as platforms for collaboration and exchange of knowledge, with the goal of driving positive change in their respective domains.

However, challenges such as the impact of COVID-19 and other factors have resulted in reduced activity from the research coalition partners.

Despite these challenges, Moon Choi remains committed to fostering cooperation and leadership within the coalitions. She proposed potential leaders for different groups, envisioning a future that ensures effective collaboration and direction.

Another significant aspect discussed during the meeting was the importance of contributions to the clusters.

Contributions can take the form of full-length manuscripts or brief case studies, providing valuable insights into various areas related to gender equality, leadership, and skills development. The current co-leaders of the coalition, EY and UN Women, play a crucial role in managing and promoting these contributions.

Moon Choi acknowledged the need for flexibility and adaptation, expressing openness to adjusting the structure of the clusters based on feedback from participants.

This approach ensures that the coalitions evolve to meet the changing needs of the IT sector and effectively address gender disparities.

A notable suggestion from the meeting was the idea of inviting other clusters to contribute case studies, enhancing integration between different groups.

This initiative would showcase the activities and achievements of these clusters, providing a broader perspective on the coalition’s impact beyond academia.

The meeting acknowledged the significant contribution that the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) could make in addressing the gender issue in leadership.

The OECD’s expertise in areas such as ICTs, women-led startups, and VC investment can provide valuable insights and data to further the coalition’s goals.

Lastly, the meeting encouraged researchers to join relevant skills groups and emphasized the importance of intensive research and collaboration.

The coalition plans to organize a research workshop next summer, facilitating increased collaborations between different groups, and promoting knowledge-sharing within the coalition.

In conclusion, Moon Choi effectively led the Equals Research Coalition’s annual meeting, fostering collaboration and strengthening the coalition’s commitment to evidence-based policy in IT development.

The meeting highlighted the importance of historical context, the formation of EQUALS, and the role of the four coalition groups. The challenges faced, such as COVID-19, were acknowledged, and potential solutions were discussed. The meeting resulted in actionable steps, including adjustments to the cluster structure, invited contributions, and planned research workshops, ensuring continued progress towards gender equality and inclusive IT development.

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Moon Yeol Young, a master’s student at KAIST, is conducting research on the impact of diversity and gender equality on productivity within the defense industry. This study is advised by Moon Choi and aims to contribute to the achievement of two Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 5 (Gender Equality) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure).

The research focuses on exploring how diversity and gender equality influence productivity within the defense industry.

Young aims to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between diversity, including factors such as race, ethnicity, and age, and gender equality, and their overall impact on productivity in this specific sector.

To conduct the research, Young plans to gather data through surveys, interviews, and the analysis of industry reports.

By examining these variables, the research aims to uncover the potential benefits and drawbacks associated with diversity and gender equality within the defense industry.

The findings of this study could have significant implications for the defense industry. If the research demonstrates a positive correlation between diversity, gender equality, and productivity, it may provide a compelling argument for the industry to prioritize and promote these values.

This, in turn, could lead to more inclusive and diverse workplaces, potentially enhancing long-term productivity.

Furthermore, this research aligns with broader societal goals, as outlined by SDG 5 and SDG 9. By working towards gender equality and promoting diversity within the defense industry, this project contributes to the larger global agenda of fostering inclusive societies and sustainable development.

In conclusion, Moon Yeol Young’s research project at KAIST seeks to explore the impact of diversity and gender equality on productivity in the defense industry.

This study aligns with SDG 5 and SDG 9 and has the potential to provide valuable insights to drive positive change within the industry.

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Onica Makwakwa, the Executive Director of the Global Digital Inclusion Partnership, is dedicated to achieving meaningful connectivity for the majority of the world’s population. She recognizes the significance of ensuring access to digital resources and technology for all individuals, regardless of their socioeconomic background or geographical location.

This commitment aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure and SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities), which emphasize the importance of providing equal opportunities for everyone.

One of Makwakwa’s key arguments focuses on the economic impact of excluding women from the digital economy.

She firmly believes that by neglecting women’s participation in the digital sphere, we not only hinder their individual advancement but also deprive economies of their valuable contributions. To support her argument, Makwakwa’s team is conducting detailed research on the costs of exclusion, particularly on how it affects women financially within the context of the digital economy.

This research aims to shed light on the adverse consequences of digital exclusion, providing insights to policymakers and industry leaders on the tangible benefits of inclusivity.

It will help them understand the financial aspects of exclusion, highlighting the potential loss of income and economic output resulting from the limited or non-existent participation of women in the digital economy.

Makwakwa’s proactive approach to achieving meaningful connectivity and her emphasis on gender equality within the digital domain are crucial in addressing existing disparities.

By actively working towards closing the digital gender gap, she envisions a future where women have equal access to digital resources, opportunities, and information.

In summary, Onica Makwakwa, as the Executive Director of the Global Digital Inclusion Partnership, focuses on promoting meaningful connectivity and addressing the economic impact of excluding women from the digital economy.

Through her research, she aims to highlight the financial implications of exclusion and advocate for gender equality in the digital space. Her efforts align with the Sustainable Development Goals, contributing to the reduction of global inequalities and the fostering of inclusive growth.

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Pasi, originally from Uganda and representing the Centre for Indigenous and Community Involvement, is participating in a conference centred around internet definance. This marks Pasi’s inaugural attendance at such an event. The primary argument presented is Pasi’s keenness to partake in the session and his eagerness to learn about internet definance.

The sentiment towards Pasi is positive, as his enthusiasm is evident in his desire to acquire knowledge and gain fresh insights from the conference.

Additionally, Pasi’s involvement aligns with SDG 4: Quality Education, underscoring his commitment to expanding his knowledge.

He anticipates that the conference will provide ample learning opportunities. With an ardent thirst for knowledge, Pasi looks forward to enhancing his understanding during this event.

Overall, the speakers’ positive sentiments towards the conference and Pasi’s eagerness to participate and learn underscore the importance of such gatherings in promoting education and facilitating the exchange of ideas.

It is important to note that Pasi’s representation of the Centre for Indigenous and Community Involvement highlights the significance of diverse perspectives in discussions surrounding internet definance.

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Two individuals were interviewed about their involvement with the Internet Society Foundation, an organisation dedicated to connecting the unconnected and improving digital connectivity. Pranav, who works for the foundation, is specifically focused on bridging the digital divide by providing internet access to individuals who currently lack it.

The foundation’s primary goal is to ensure that everyone has access to the internet, as it has become an indispensable tool for communication, education, and economic opportunities in today’s connected world.

Pranav’s work involves identifying communities and regions that are underserved or completely disconnected and devising strategies to bring them online. His efforts align with Sustainable Development Goal 9, which emphasises the importance of industry, innovation, and infrastructure in driving economic growth and development.

In addition to their efforts in connecting the unconnected, the Internet Society Foundation also supports researchers working in the field of digital connectivity.

Pranav encourages researchers to visit their website, where they can explore various funding opportunities to further their research. By providing financial support, the foundation aims to stimulate research and innovation in the area of digital connectivity, ultimately contributing to the overall goal of global internet access for all.

The foundation’s commitment to bridging the digital divide and promoting digital connectivity is commendable.

Their initiatives not only address the immediate issue of access but also contribute to long-term societal and economic development. By connecting the unconnected and supporting research in this field, the Internet Society Foundation is playing a crucial role in ensuring that everyone can benefit from the advantages and opportunities offered by the internet.

In conclusion, Pranav’s work with the Internet Society Foundation focuses on connecting the unconnected and improving digital connectivity.

The foundation’s efforts align with Sustainable Development Goal 9, and they also provide funding opportunities for researchers in this field. With their dedication and support, they are making significant strides towards bringing internet access to underserved communities and driving global progress in the digital age.

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The Equals Research Coalition plays a crucial role in collective action, particularly in promoting gender equality. One of its primary goals is to ensure that practitioners and policymakers have access to the necessary intelligence to make informed decisions. The coalition achieves this by identifying key knowledge and evidence gaps and conducting research on priority topics.

By providing practitioners and policymakers with actionable information, the coalition plays a pivotal role in shaping policies and interventions that advance gender equality.

Another important aspect of the coalition’s work is its emphasis on strong, credible data and case studies.

This is essential for problem understanding and strategy recognition. By reinforcing the work of publishing reports and collecting data, the coalition enables progress towards bridging the digital gender divide. The availability of accurate and comprehensive data helps stakeholders gain a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities in addressing gender disparities in the digital realm.

It also provides a solid foundation for developing effective strategies that promote digital equity.

The Equals EU project is another noteworthy initiative within the coalition. Its focus is on promoting gender equality in social innovation. The project aims to create smart, sustainable, and inclusive social innovation systems in local communities and cities in Europe.

Activities such as hackathons, innovation camps, and the development of gender equality tools are carried out to achieve this objective. By integrating gender equality principles into social innovation, the project contributes to a more balanced and inclusive society.

Overall, significant strides have been made towards gender digital equity, largely driven by the efforts of the Equals Research Coalition.

Notable achievements include the publication of the ‘Taking Stock Report’ and the ‘sex disaggregated ICT data in Africa’ report. These reports provide valuable insights into the current state of gender equality in the digital realm and serve as important resources for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers.

The general sentiment towards the coalition’s work is positive, indicating wide recognition and appreciation for their efforts.

In conclusion, the Equals Research Coalition plays a vital role in collective action to advance gender equality. Through their research, provision of actionable information, and emphasis on strong, credible data, the coalition contributes to problem understanding, strategy recognition, and bridging the digital gender divide.

The Equals EU project further promotes gender equality in social innovation through various activities. With remarkable achievements and a positive sentiment surrounding their work, the coalition is making significant progress towards gender digital equity and paving the way for a more inclusive and equitable digital future.

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Honorable Ayoban Girassafari is a respected Member of Parliament representing the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). He plays a critical role in shaping legislation and advocating for the interests of the Congolese people.

As an elected official, Girassafari actively engages in political debates and discussions to ensure that his constituents’ voices are heard.

His responsibilities as an MP include participating in parliamentary sessions, addressing national issues, proposing bills, and contributing to policy-making processes.

Girassafari brings a unique perspective to the political landscape of the DRC, allowing him to understand the challenges and opportunities faced by the country.

He collaborates with fellow MPs to improve governance, enhance social welfare, and promote economic growth in the DRC.

Throughout his career, Girassafari has demonstrated a profound grasp of the political, social, and economic dynamics that shape the DRC.

In Parliament, he advocates for policies that promote social justice, human rights, and environmental sustainability. He also values inclusive governance, striving to represent diverse voices within his constituency.

Being an MP from the DRC, Girassafari is well aware of the complex issues affecting the nation, such as poverty, corruption, security concerns, and the need for infrastructure development.

He actively engages with other MPs, government officials, and civil society organizations to find comprehensive solutions to these challenges.

In conclusion, Honorable Ayoban Girassafari is a significant figure in Congolese politics, representing the interests of his constituents as an MP.

His devotion to public service, advocacy for inclusive governance, and commitment to addressing key issues in the DRC make him an influential force in shaping the nation’s future. Girassafari’s active participation in the political arena contributes to the ongoing efforts to build a more prosperous and equitable Democratic Republic of Congo.

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Women are facing underrepresentation in the fields of science and technology, particularly in emerging digital technologies like artificial intelligence (AI). This leads to a smaller proportion of women being faculty members in national universities, and new cohorts lacking sufficient female representation.

The sentiment towards this issue is negative, highlighting the urgent need to address the gender disparity in these fields.

On a positive note, efforts are being made to promote women’s participation in science and technology. Soyoung Kim, for instance, is advising the Ministry of Education on strategies to increase the number of women in faculty positions.

She is also involved in creating a basic framework that supports women in science and technology education. These initiatives aim to empower women and encourage their active involvement, contributing to the achievement of gender equality.

In terms of access to information and communication technology (ICT), there is a need for more surveys with specific skill-related questions to understand the gender gap better.

While questions surrounding ICT access have become more sophisticated, limited surveys focus on skills, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the gender gap in this area. Therefore, the development of survey data including detailed questions about different skill levels is crucial.

While progress has been made in reducing the gender gap through basic ICT education, a new gap is emerging in advanced skills, especially in AI technologies.

Basic ICT education helps narrow the skills gap, but attaining advanced skills, such as those related to AI, presents challenges, resulting in a new imbalance in this field. This highlights the opportunity for further investment in providing women with training and opportunities to acquire advanced digital skills.

A paradox exists where women, despite being motivated to learn advanced skills, face limited career advancement due to gender and work-life balance issues.

The demanding work environment in the ICT sector, known for long hours and high-pressure circumstances, further hinders women’s progress. Additionally, the underrepresentation of women at higher levels can demotivate other women from pursuing advanced tech skills. Addressing these gender and work-life balance issues is crucial to create an inclusive and supportive environment that enables women to excel in science and technology fields.

In conclusion, women are underrepresented in science and technology fields, particularly in emerging digital technologies like AI.

Efforts are being made to promote women’s participation through the development of frameworks and strategies. While access to ICT and digital skills is improving, more surveys with skill-focused questions are needed to fully understand the gender gap. Despite progress in reducing the skills gap, a new imbalance persists in advanced skills like AI.

Gender and work-life balance issues hinder women’s career advancement and motivation to pursue advanced tech skills. Addressing these challenges is vital to achieve gender equality and create an inclusive future in science and technology.

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Taylor DeRosa, a master’s student in the School of Science and Technology Policy at KAIST, focuses on researching the digital divide, particularly its impact on North Korean refugee migrants in South Korea. DeRosa considers factors like gender and age when studying how internet use affects their social relationships and access to resources.

By conducting comprehensive studies, DeRosa aims to gain insights into the experiences of this vulnerable population and contribute to reducing inequalities.

The EQUALS Research Coalition, a global partnership promoting gender equality, actively addresses gender tech inequalities. Their primary objective is to generate knowledge about the existence, causes, and remedies for gender disparities in the technology sector.

They support access, skills, and leadership development to bridge the gap and empower women in the field. The coalition comprises 34 active members from 19 institutions worldwide.

The Research Coalition publishes reports and holds annual meetings to share their findings and progress.

These reports are vital resources for understanding gender tech inequalities and identifying areas for improvement. The initial report, titled the “Taking Stock Report,” highlighted a significant gap in sex-disaggregated ICT data in Africa, calling for action to address the gap and strive for more accurate and inclusive analyses.

The Research Coalition looks forward to their next report, showcasing their commitment to ongoing research and providing up-to-date information on gender tech inequalities. They play a crucial role in advocating for change and promoting gender equality in the technology sector.

Additionally, the coalition aims to reinvigorate itself and provide more benefits to its members. Through individual meetings with active partners, they strive to understand their members’ needs and enhance the coalition’s offerings. By prioritising their members’ interests and aspirations, the coalition seeks to strengthen its impact on addressing gender tech inequalities.

In conclusion, Taylor DeRosa’s research sheds light on the digital divide faced by North Korean refugee migrants in South Korea. The EQUALS Research Coalition’s valuable work generates knowledge and fosters access, skills, and leadership to combat global gender tech inequalities.

Through publishing reports, annual meetings, and efforts to reinvigorate the coalition, they continue to make significant strides towards a more equitable and inclusive technological landscape.

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Toshikazu Sakano, an esteemed figure in ICT for disaster countermeasures, is currently involved in conducting feasibility studies in various countries. Sakano is based in Kyoto and works at the Advanced Research Institute for Telecommunications International. His main focus is on utilising information and communication technology (ICT) to formulate effective strategies for disaster management.

Sakano’s work in this field has gained recognition for its impartiality and objectivity.

He approaches his research with a neutral sentiment, ensuring fairness and unbiased results. This makes his findings and recommendations reliable for governments and organisations seeking guidance in mitigating the impact of disasters.

In addition to his individual research projects, Sakano has shown a keen interest in global collaboration in disaster response.

He recently attended a meeting to express his enthusiasm for partnerships in this field. This aligns with SDG 17: Partnerships for the goals, which underscores the importance of cooperation and coordination among various stakeholders for sustainable development.

Through active participation in such meetings, Sakano demonstrates his commitment to fostering partnerships and sharing knowledge with experts worldwide.

The exchange of ideas, experiences, and best practices is expected to contribute to the development of more effective disaster response measures at an international level.

Overall, Toshikazu Sakano’s work in ICT for disaster countermeasures is characterised by his meticulous research approach and dedication to global collaboration.

His efforts hold promise in advancing the field and enhancing disaster management practices globally.

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The evolution of telecommunications standards, primarily 5G and 6G, is significantly influenced by public-private partnerships and collaborations. Abhimanyu Gosain’s influential work with the National Science Foundation and over 35 global industry member companies has founded the vision for future networks.

His blueprint and reference architectures have been adopted by research groups worldwide, indicative of the pivotal role partnerships play in progressing telecommunications.

A shift towards more energy-efficient and virtualised networks is crucial for future advancements. The recent deployment of 5G underlined the need for such networks, despite revealing its shortcomings in energy efficiency.

Accordingly, the argument stipulates that 6G should be more adaptive and energy-conscious than its predecessor.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and automation stand at the core of these future networks. Automation across various infrastructure facets is deemed necessary for network optimisation.

Moreover, reliable AI models are key in safeguarding data privacy and security. Progress in AI and machine learning is expected to offer more refined control over available spectrum voxels.

However, these advancements present certain challenges. Regulatory concerns demand immediate resolution to ensure seamless network functioning.

As AI and machine learning become central to networks, understanding and explicability of these AI systems take precedence.

Whilst technological adoption is growing worldwide, high device costs due to royalties could impede progress in developing countries. Hence, addressing device cost could fast-track technology adoption rates.

Global collaboration efforts are burgeoning to realise future networks beyond 5G and 6G.

Collaborations between governments, industries, and academic researchers promote unified viewpoints, connecting disparate stakeholders and aligning regional competencies for international cooperation. This presents an opportunity for various regions to contribute to a more substantial and collaborative global system.

However, the consumer response to 5G indicates a disparity between expectations and delivery.

This highlights the need to reassess the existing ‘build-it-and-they’ll-come’ mentality, ensuring both technological advancements and consumer expectations are met.

In conclusion, the success of future networks relies on a co-developmental and collaborative approach, involving all stakeholders from inception.

This allows the creation of standards and spectrum allocation that align with all parties’ interests. These insights underscore the significant role of international collaboration, AI integration, and regulatory management in shaping the future of telecommunications.

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The discussions centred on two critical aspects within the realm of Innovation and Infrastructure: Spectrum harmonisation and the advancement of 6G network technology. There was a distinct emphasis on the need for Spectrum harmonisation, a challenge stemming from divergent national strategies concerning Spectrum usage and management.

Dr Marie-Méconneau-Ambroux underscored these differences, focusing particularly on the discrepancy observed between Finland and Germany. This sheds light on the more extensive issue of geographic discrepancies in this sphere. Ms Faye Mwangi further highlighted the fragmentation of Spectrum, specifically addressing its uneven distribution and application across distinct regions.

Countering this fragmentation, Mr Angus Stein championed the role of technology, suggesting it as a viable solution. He articulated that with the swift development and application of technology, it could be a decisive tool in addressing such challenges, promoting harmonisation and more efficient utilisation of Spectrum.

The conversation shifted towards the development of 6G networks and the degree of standardisation required for its evolution.

It was noted that several standards are currently operating for 4G and 5G networks, reflecting a variation in regional requirements and technical abilities among nations. Intriguingly, each country tends to propose different standards to meet their specific needs.

The dialogue, however, turned to the possibility of needing fewer standards for the evolution of 6G.

Mass production was recognised as a potent force guiding this tactic. The large-scale production and global consumption of technology could demand more unified standards to streamline manufacturing processes and reduce complexity.

In conclusion, the various viewpoints illuminated the intricacies of Spectrum harmonisation and 6G network progression.

They identified opportunities for technology to bridge gaps and further standardise approaches while allowing for diversity to accommodate unique circumstances and needs where necessary. These discussions deepened understanding about the complexity of harmonising communication technology and the concept of standardisation in 6G network development.

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Marja Anneli Matinmikko-Blue expresses a prevailing positive sentiment towards the prospects of 6G as a formidable platform for new solutions and services, all grounded in a multidisciplinary approach. As a researcher at the University of Oulu in Finland, she articulates that the evolution of 6G will mark a natural progression from 5G, emanating from an enhanced emphasis on network sharing between local networks and current users of the spectrum.

However, she underscores that the trajectory of 6G must be guided by paramount considerations surrounding sustainability. She avers that the UN Sustainable Development Goals should serve as the design criteria for 6G. This perspective is punctuated by apprehensions regarding the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector’s total energy consumption.

Matinmikko-Blue encapsulates both the enablement effect – ICT’s potential to catalyse sustainable practices across different sectors – as well as the sector’s own environmental footprint.

In dissecting the process of 6G development, Matinmikko-Blue opines that a broader spectrum of stakeholders must participate in the dialogue.

She notes that the current conversation is largely led by existing major players, including infrastructure vendors and operators. Nonetheless, she perceives an immediate need to incorporate the viewpoints of end-users into this decision-making process. By acknowledging a shifting ecosystem and business environment, she advocates for the inclusion of such diverse perspectives, promoting a sustainable transition towards 6G.

When discussing the global aspect of mobile communication, Matinmikko-Blue registers concern about spectrum divergence and fragmentation, primarily due to nation-specific bands for local 5G. This fragmentation, she asserts, presents a challenge as mobile communication heavily hinges on the global use of the same equipment.

She maintains a neutral sentiment about harmonised regulation. Despite recognising the distinct regulatory requirements for public and private networks, she argues that harmonisation is essential for efficient and streamlined mobile communication. She identifies the harmonisation of the spectrum as a formidable challenge, especially in light of varying viewpoints on the 6G spectrum across Europe.

Matinmikko-Blue also alludes to the evolution of business models in the wake of 5G. She posits that 6G will engender new business ecosystems involving multiple organisations, prompting a shift in the business model from a company-centric focus to an ecosystem-oriented approach.

In this context, she identifies the emergence of new enterprise opportunities centred around various usages of 6G, where value addition will be paramount. Despite this, she acknowledges a transformation in the mobile connectivity business with the onset of 5G, underscoring the enduring licenses held by operators and sustained gains from monthly subscriptions.

Subsequently, she underscores the critical role of understanding user expectations in the transition from 5G to 6G. Citing the disappointment users experienced due to unfulfilled promises with 5G, Matinmikko-Blue emphasises the importance of managing expectations realistically. She suggests striking a careful balance between comprehending the technological capabilities of 6G while meeting users’ expectations.

She highlights the vital role of social scientists in facilitating this transition and preventing a potential recurrence of the 5G experience.

Lastly, Matinmikko-Blue stresses the importance of adequate funding for 6G research, citing existing support from national programmes and the European Union.

However, she advocates for respecting the agreements of higher-level government entities, such as the EU and the US Trade and Technology Council. In doing so, Matinmikko-Blue accentuates the need for the inclusion of social scientists in the research process to ensure the transition towards 6G is appropriately responsive to societal needs and expectations.

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The discussion primarily centred around the potential challenges, opportunities, and future prospects of digital infrastructure, with a particular focus on 5G and 6G technologies. The debate assembled an array of experts ranging from policy geniuses, tech gurus, business model strategists to individuals contributing insights from developing nations, creating a comprehensive discussion.

The participants emphasised the instrumental need for harmonisation and standardisation of equipment, perceiving it to be fundamental for sustainability and accessibility.

In talks on developing African nations and other outlier regions, the active role these areas are playing in international tech debates was applauded. They identified the lack of harmonisation and standardisation as a potential cause for issues such as lack of interoperability and fragmented spectrum use.

In unison with these sentiments, a consensus unfolded on the need to remodel traditional regulations to cater for the ever-evolving digital age.

It was brought to light that obsolete regulatory tools, such as call termination, necessitate a reassessment. Regulators are evolving into more digitally savvy entities, with focus skewing more towards research than regulating.

Another central point made was about the vital role of regulators in understanding the nuances of the technologies they regulate.

The importance of a neutral platform as a learning spot for comprehending operational frameworks was also highlighted.

A significant portion of the discourse revolved around the ‘sandbox concept’, distinguished as an effective platform for trialling new business models as well as technologies.

Narratives of these trials mentioned a two-year time frame to convince a telco to test the sandbox scheme, endorsing a realistic collaboration amongst industry, academia, and suppliers.

The discussion touched on spectrum sensitivity, acknowledging its impact on neighbours and thus accentuating the need for careful usage.

This factor supports the premise that policy evolution can be accomplished by creating persuasive ecosystems making a viable case for change.

Dividing views amongst nations on the spectrum aspect of 6G development emerged as a major concern, with numerous European countries showing disinterest in any spectrum for 6G.

However, within this debate, the concept of multiple proposals for 6G standards also materialised. Despite challenges, some participants welcomed the notion of accepting multiple 6G standard proposals.

The sustainability of the prevailing subscription model for telecom services was also questioned, underpinned by the increasing financial burden related to escalating infrastructure costs.

Advocacy for alterative business models, drawing upon the S-line model by Docomo, were seen as more adaptable with the potential for broader market access.

The dialogue ensured consideration for developing countries where the cost of adopting progressive technologies such as 6G could be prohibitive.

The panel concurred that device costs were a significant consideration in these regions, reflecting the recurring theme of inclusivity in the conversations.

Further expounding on the argument, participants underscored the importance of funding in both academia and industry to pioneer advancements in 6G technology.

Alongside this, the necessity to instil key principles such as sustainability, inclusiveness and trust in 6G research was also highlighted as a focal point for 6G pursuits.

The conversation concluded on an optimistic note, acknowledging the need to continue discussions and collaborations centred on these themes.

The moderator reiterated the importance of understanding variations among different nations and regions, suggesting this as a key factor in propelling collaboration and research for future networks. Stakeholders expressed interest in prolonging these important discussions, maintaining a forward-thinking, and future-oriented focus on the trajectory of technology.

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The exploration of future networks’ potential, such as Beyond 5G, is under scrutiny, particularly in developing nations like those in Africa. The feasibility of their implementation faces several considerable obstacles, from high costs and substantial energy demands to the pressing need for infrastructure development.

South Africa, for example, is currently grappling with an energy crisis and persistent power cuts, exacerbating the high energy consumption required to operate these networks. The added burden these systems would place on existing power supplies adds an extra layer of complexity.

Economic viability presents additional challenges, especially in countries with a variety of competing economic interests. Together, these factors underscore the broader sentiment of uncertainty and concern.

However, the expected impact of future networks isn’t entirely negative. Indeed, they could stimulate extensive economic participation and growth by increasing purchasing power and catalysing economic engagement.

With the potential to unlock significant development, the advent of future networks could also invigorate subsidiary industries like textiles.

In response to these Industry 4.0 challenges, regulatory frameworks must adapt to remain relevant. Agile and transparent regulations and regulatory sandboxes can foster increased industry participation, and this tool allows the private sector to demonstrate regulatory compliance without the necessity for a full-scale Research and Development budget.

Spectrum-sharing and interoperability are given significant importance in the context of networking systems.

Increasing market diversity, these two aspects not only promote resource expansion but also facilitate participation from smaller players. This challenges the existing network system’s tendency to favour the most financially robust entities, thereby creating a more equitable playing field for all market participants.

Moreover, specific working contexts should ideally incorporate localised data.

This could trigger the development of bespoke knowledge systems, promoting a more inclusive and applicable approach to systems.

At a global level, spectrum harmonisation is deemed essential for enhancing sustainability and accessibility in global mobile communication. Currently, the lack of harmonisation, often a product of global debates favouring larger stakeholders, engenders a fragmented landscape.

Therefore, collaboration and knowledge sharing are critical to overcoming this disparity.

An emergent sentiment perceives the necessity for a new approach to digital world regulation, considering many existing regulatory models obsolete. Digital regulators are becoming increasingly research-oriented, moving away from traditional regulatory tools such as ‘call termination’.

Small to medium enterprises (SMEs) are progressively deriving economic value from the obligations associated with spectrum auctions. Rather than seeking substantial profits, this strategy aims to sustain the development of similar Wi-Fi projects in venues like schools, thus addressing wider developmental imperatives and serving broader communities.

Community networks are seen as challenging the traditional business model within the telecommunications sector. Bridging the true access gap in underserved rural areas with low economic participation and significant physical barriers, these networks diverge from industry norms.

Looking ahead, the development of 6G faces staunch resistance, primarily due to the substantial energy demands it would incur.

Concerns primarily stem from the developing South, which faces the risk of being overlooked amidst the rapid pace of technological evolution. Without addressing issues of energy sustainability, the leap into 6G could consolidate systems that are little more than ‘5G plus’.

To sidestep these challenges, international collaboration and knowledge sharing amongst countries are strongly advocated. These partnerships could leverage the progress of more technologically advanced nations to shape the policies and regulations of developing nations, firmly grounding these developments in sustainability.

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Tony Quek presented a detailed overview of Singapore’s leading role in the development and implementation of O-RAN technology, emphasising on various potential research areas such as cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and sustainability. He disclosed that Singapore commenced an investment of US $50 million in 2019, instigating the construction of a test bed for research revolving around O-RAN technology.

Singapore also launched the execution of its first open, disaggregated radio access network (O-RAN) in 2021.

Quek highlighted Singapore’s geopolitical and political neutrality, maintaining that this could provide an advantageous position in the creation of secure and trustworthy O-RAN systems.

In his perspective, this unique geopolitical position provides Singapore with leverage in becoming a pivotal player in the evolution towards 5G technology and potentially beyond.

Furthermore, Quek endorses employing Open-RAN technology as an effective instrument to enhance AI/ML capabilities within the network, offer enhanced transparency, and exploit the advantages of vertical services integration.

The flexibility of O-RAN in employing AI/ML across diverse controllers and providing opportunities for vertical services integration were emphasised.

Additionally, Quek underscored the importance of sustainability in the deployment of O-RAN and 5G technology, accentuating the environmental impacts critical for Singapore and Asia as a service region.

He highlighted that Singapore has planned the introduction of a carbon tax and aspires for the city-state to lead in services sustainability within Asia.

Quek also stressed the necessity for technologies to demonstrate measurable social and economic impact, and the importance of remaining at the forefront in certain sectors by adopting innovative technologies.

He offered the successful synergy with the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) on a future communications project as evidence to his argument that innovative implementation of new technologies requires regulatory flexibility.

Moreover, Quek champions the concept of a ‘sandbox’, a creative ecosystem fostering collaboration amongst industry, academia, and vendors.

He warned that neglection of sensitivity towards Spectrum regulations could trigger potential territorial issues with neighbours, advocating for a cautious approach to these regulations.

Simultaneously, Quek advocated extraordinary shifts within the telecoms industry, contesting the subscription model, while proposing an infrastructure akin to the S-line capabilities.

He also emphasised the need to broaden the market beyond Asia, identifying Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam as possible arenas.

Quek also underlined the balancing act between long-term research and immediate goals such as Plugfest, Mobile World Congress (MWC), and other key events where progressive advancement can be showcased.

He spotlighted synergistic partnerships as a method for achieving a cumulative result exceeding individual efforts.

Finally, Tony Quek voiced optimism regarding the potential outcomes from a workshop in which he participated as a panelist, focusing on open service platforms in the era beyond 5G or 6G.

He highlighted that this event, organised by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), should yield substantial results.